CN102612946B - Method for increasing photosynthetic capacity of drought mixed matrix lawn plants by adopting rare-earth cerium - Google Patents
Method for increasing photosynthetic capacity of drought mixed matrix lawn plants by adopting rare-earth cerium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for increasing the photosynthetic capacity of drought mixed matrix lawn plants by adopting rare-earth cerium. The method comprises the step of sowing seeds of the lawn plants on a mixed culture matrix for lawn planting, wherein 200mg/Kg-800mg/Kg of rare-earth cerium is contained in 1.5-2kg of mixed culture matrix soil and the mixed culture matrix is the compost of soil and municipal solid waste in a weight part ratio of 4:(1-2). According to the method provided by the invention, a certain amount of rare-earth cerium is applied, so that the photosynthetic rate of the lawn plants can be obviously increased. The application of the technology is expected to realize a high-efficiency and low-cost operating mode in large-area urban lawn planting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the application of cerium in urban lawn build and plant technology field, particularly relate to method and the application of adopting cerium to improve arid mixed-matrix lawn plant photosynthetic capacity.
Background technology
The lawn is as an ecosystem, and it is a huge carbon source depots, and grassland soil can absorb deposition 0.01 ~ 0.3Gt carbon every year in the world.Therefore reduced CO in air
2, alleviate to a certain extent greenhouse effect.Secondly, the earth's surface cover layer of the formed densification in lawn and grass roots layer have the effect of the good control soil erosion; The temperature difference per day on earth's surface can also be reduced in the lawn, therefore can effectively alleviate the soil avalanche that soil causes because of " frost heave ".There is huge floating dust adsorption capacity on the lawn, can effectively prevent reentrainment of dust, can also reduce wind speed, has prevented dirt etc.The lawn has CO in absorbed air
2, SO
2And NO
2Etc. virulent gas etc.The lawn also has the ability of absorption dust, so the lawn has and purify air, and reduces the ability of polluting.Urban lawn is the product of human civilization, and it both can be beautified the environment, and the quiet happy attitude that the lawn is special and bright and beautiful tone give the sense of back to nature, gives spirit and moulds.
The city artificial lawn is drought-enduring unlike natural meadow, especially anti-thirsty poor ability.The lawn root system is more shallow, is not enough to absorb enough moisture in soil, can only depend on the manual watering.Dry season the lawn to water water one time every day, even in rainy season, at least also to water twice per month water.In case lack of water can cause lawn growth bad.Especially in the northern China city, will consume a large amount of water every year, and a year irrigation quantity is approximately 0.6 ~ 1.0 m
3/ m
2So expensive northern China urban lawn water deficient that often makes of lawn water management, make the Quality Down on lawn, long-term insufficient water, the degeneration that the lawn will be slowly, thereby cause the lawn to lose original value and function, this time, people's selection can only be to abandon the lawn.Therefore, in today of facing mankind water resources shortage, the allotment of water resource will be the ultimate challenge that the upper people of turf establishment and management face with utilizing.
Rare earth element is applied to the land for growing field crops plant, increases seed vitality, Promoting plant growth; Increase crop yield, a large amount of research shows that also rare earth element is conducive to increase the activity of antioxidase in plant corpus, improves the anti-adversity ability of plant greatly.Show by long-term rare earth application fundamental research: rare earth element can improve plant chlorophyll content, strengthen photosynthesis, promote root system growth, increase root system to the absorption of nutrient.Rare earth can also promote seed germination, increases seed germination rate, promote growth of seedling.
Application about rare earth element, existing document is relevant for the report of cerium on the impact of Seed Germination under Acid Rain Stress, also have cerous nitrate to affect the document such as report to Rice Seed Vigor and duration of germination enzymic activity, they all belong to the crops subject, but relevant rare earth element (cerium) is not yet seen report to the research of lawn plant photosynthetic capacity.Also have in addition document to have report " effect of rare earth in the meadow produces to be arranged ", affiliated professional domain is the herding subject, and the meadow produces specialty, and the forage grass that relates to or herbage and lawn are irrelevant.The soil (or location) that meadow wherein refers to and can herd, mows and develop animal husbandry, its purpose provide the animal product such as meat, milk, hair for people live.Professional domain under the lawn is the gardening subject, and the ornamental horticulture specialty refers to for urban afforestation and for the city ecology service is provided.There is essential difference on lawn and meadow.Lawn plant the improving activity of root system of Seedling Stage a little less than, the overground part poor growth, and the weak characteristic of this early growth of lawn plant often makes lawn plant be in a disadvantageous position in the competition of growth early stage and weeds, and such result can cause the turf establishment failure; In addition, this situation is under the environmental condition of drought and water shortage, and the phenomenon that lawn plant is in a disadvantageous position in the competition of growth early stage and weeds is particularly outstanding; This directly has influence on the survival rate of lawn plant; This is also that turf establishment is used greatest difficulty in practice, i.e. the problem place of turf establishment experience technology " bottleneck " restriction.The inventor was on December 05th, 2006, applied for that " application (2006101298780) of cerous nitrate in turf establishment technology " emphasis discloses the application of cerous nitrate aspect the raising seed vitality, the inventor has further studied again the arid mixed-matrix lawn plant photosynthetic capacity method of employing cerium raising on this basis, and the application aspect photosynthetic to lawn plant under different gradient drought stress conditions.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of method that adopts cerium to improve arid mixed-matrix lawn plant photosynthetic capacity, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) the lawn plant seed is sowed on the Mixed culture matrix of turf establishment, thickness of sowing is 35.0g/m
2-45.0g/m
2, 1.5-2kg Mixed culture matrix soil contains cerium 200 mg/Kg～800 mg/Kg, and at the sowing initial stage, every basin fully waters, and the assurance seed can be sprouted the growth with the seedling initial stage smoothly;
After (2) three week, according to coercing the degree quantitative water supply, each was weighed to two days and waters later on, to maintain in the scope of coercing; The wherein said degree quantitative water supply of coercing refers to: adopting weight method to control normal water supply is 70～80%(weight) maxmun field capacity, it is 55～65%(weight that moderate is coerced), severe water stress is 35～50%(weight);
The condition of (3) cultivating is: be 68%～78% in humidity, carry out illumination daytime, temperature is 22～26 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 18～22 ℃, cultivates 40～60 days, and intensity of illumination is 800 μ mol m
-2s
-1-900 μ mol m
-2s
-1
(4) in lawn plant planting process, the management expectancy by common lawn plant carries out; Treat that lawn plant grows into 40 days to 50 days, the clip blade is measured; The ratio of weight and number that wherein said Mixed culture matrix refers to is soil and the producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life of 4:1-2.Producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life wherein refers to: garbage compost is removed foreign material dry to constant weight under 105 ℃ of conditions and use.
Method of the present invention, wherein cerium weight is 500mg/Kg.
Lawn plant seed of the present invention be English ryegrass (
Lolium perenne.L) or Festuca Arundinacea (draw
Festuca arundinacea.L).
Water of the present invention is coerced and referred to: it is 55～65%(weight that moderate is coerced), severe water stress is 35～50%(weight);
Cerium of the present invention refers to cerous nitrate, Ce (NO
3)
36H
2O。
Weight method is adopted in the control of degree of drought of the present invention.
The present invention further discloses and adopt the application of cerium associating Mixed culture matrix turf plant plant aspect raising plant photosynthesis ability, cerium weight wherein is 500mg/Kg.
The more detailed step of the present invention is as follows:
Water regime is the key factor that affects photosynthesis of plant, and the degree that wanes of soil moisture can be undertaken by stomatal conductance photosynthetic impact, also can directly have influence on the photosynthetic capacity of mesophyll cell.This experimental study the impact of cerium and water utilization feature photosynthetic on lawn plant under different gradient drought stress conditions, from the impact on the lawn plant drought resistance of photosynthetic and water utilization characteristic aspect reflection rare-earth element cerium.
1 materials and methods
1.1 experiment material
This experiment select the more common English ryegrass of northern China (
Lolium perenneL.) and Festuca Arundinacea (
Festuca arundinaceaL
.) be experiment material.Potted plant method is adopted in experiment, and basin mouth diameter is 18 cm, and height is 15cm.Lawn plant culture matrix weight is every basin 2.0Kg, 1.6Kg garden mould wherein, producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life 0.4Kg.Every basin seeding lawn grass seeds 0.9 g.Rare earth is cerous nitrate, and molecular formula is: Ce (NO
3)
36H
2O。Producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life wherein refers to: garbage compost is removed foreign material dry to constant weight under 105 ℃ of conditions and use.
1.2 experimental technique
Adopt two factor randomized block experiment designs, one of factor is drought stress, and soil moisture is made as three levels: normal water supply (T1), moderate are coerced (T2), severe water stress (T3).The soil maxmun field capacity is 50.25%, drought stress intensity is, contrast is that (Max Field Capacity is called for short: MFC), moderate is 55～65% MFC for 70～80% maxmun field capacity, severe is 35～50% MFC, and weight method is adopted in the control of degree of drought.Two of factor is that cerium concentration is made as 0,200,500,800 mgKg
-1Four levels.With 3 * 4 totally 12 processing respectively repeat 3 times.Contrast is normal water supply (T1) and 0 mgKg
-1Processing.
1.3 sample plot overview and turf establishment
Experiment is located to be carried out in the sample plot of Tianjin Normal University six Li Tai school districts, and in sample plot with bamboo pole and Plastic film greenhouse, the cultivation experiment of whole lawn plant is carried out in the greenhouse.The greenhouse is covered as the movable plastic film, and like this, fine day can be removed plastic film, so that plant can fully be accepted sunlight.The sample plot Natural situation is: July, mean temperature was that 26.6 ℃ of average relative humidities are 76%, and August, mean temperature was 25.6 ℃, and average relative humidity is 77%, and September, mean temperature was that 20.9 ℃ of average relative humidities are 68%.
The plant cultivation is carried out in this experiment since on July 26th, 2005 to September 26.At the sowing initial stage, every basin fully waters, and guarantees that seed can sprout the growth with the seedling initial stage smoothly, after three weeks according to coercing the degree quantitative water supply.Reached the various degree of coercing to August 26, each was weighed to two days and waters later on, to maintain in the scope of coercing.62d begins to measure each index: the determination of activity of proline, malonaldehyde, chlorophyll and protective enzyme.
1.4 index determining
Adopt the portable photosynthetic instrument of Li-6400 to measure stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO
2The indexs such as concentration (Ci), photosynthetic rate (Pn) and blade face transpiration rate (Tr) are measured, each is processed and first respectively surveys 2 blades, 10 data of each measurement, repeating minute three circulations for three times has surveyed, 15 data of each replication, minute is 9:00-10:30 in the morning, measures day fine, CO
2Concentration is 400 ± 50 μ mol CO
2mol
-1, intensity of illumination is 900 ± 30 μ molm
-2s
-1Calculate water use efficiency with following formula: water use efficiency=photosynthetic rate/transpiration rate.Plant is cut at root, be divided on the ground and underground two parts are placed in 80 ℃, baking oven and dry to constant weight, the mensuration biomass.The mensuration of chlorophyll content (Su Zhengshu, 1989) is soaked with absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone 1:1 mixed solution 25 mL, with spectrophotometric determination 630 nm, the light absorption value of 654 nm.
2 results and analysis
2.1 the impact of cerium on photosynthesis characteristics under drought stress
(1) stomatal conductance
Pore is that plant leaf blade carries out the passage that gas exchanged and carried out transpiration, and drought stress makes the stomatal conductance of ryegrass leaves descend (Fig. 1), and along with the increase stomatal conductance of degree of drought sharply descends, 0 mgKg under severe water stress
-1Process than contrast decline 40.3%, after applying a certain amount of cerium, stomatal conductance increases to some extent, and along with the increase of the degree of coercing, first rising descends afterwards, and moderate is coerced lower stomatal conductance and reached the highest, 500 mgKg
-1With 800 mgKg
-1Concentration effect the most obvious, degree of the leading maximum under various water supply conditions, moderate is coerced down and is respectively 0.163
mMolH
2Om
-2s
-1With 0.171
mMolH
2Om
-2s
-1, exceed respectively contrast 32.5% and 39.4%; Severe water stress has seriously reduced the stomatal conductance of ryegrass leaves, 500 mgKg
-1Process lower stomatal conductance the highest, also descended 33.9% but compare with contrast.
Under normal water supply, along with the increase of cerium concentration, the stomatal conductance of Festuca Arundinacea first increases rear minimizing (Fig. 1), 500 mgKg
-1Cerium concentration is processed maximum, surpasses contrast 92.3%, and the Festuca Arundinacea stomatal conductance of cerium after processing be all apparently higher than contrast, and contrast produce notable difference (
P＜0.05).In the situation that do not apply the external source cerium, the Festuca Arundinacea stomatal conductance does not have significant change under each drought stress, and the Festuca Arundinacea stomatal conductance of cerium after processing be under same concentration, along with the increase of degree of drought reduces gradually.Except Severe drought is coerced down 800 mgKg
-1Processing outside, the Festuca Arundinacea stomatal conductance is under each drought stress gradient, the degree of leading after processing through cerium is all apparently higher than there is no treated degree of leading.Festuca Arundinacea stomatal conductance after cerium is processed is with 500 mgKg
-1Stomatal conductance under processing is the highest, all shows the highest stomatal conductance under each drought stress.
(2) intercellular gas concentration lwevel
Perennial ryegrass intercellular gas concentration lwevel descends along with the increase of drought stress (Fig. 2), but descend not significantly (
P0.05).Under different water supply conditions, different cerium concentration are inconsistent on the impact of ryegrass leaves intercellular gas concentration lwevel, under the normal water supply condition, and 500 mgKg
-1The perennial ryegrass intercellular gas concentration lwevel of processing is minimum, lower than contrast 11.4%; Moderate is coerced down, 800 mgKg
-1The perennial ryegrass intercellular gas concentration lwevel of processing is minimum; 200 mgKg under severe water stress
-1With 500 mgKg
-1Minimum; 0 mgKg
-1Perennial ryegrass intercellular gas concentration lwevel under each water supply conditions is all the highest.
In the processing that does not apply cerium, medium drought has increased Festuca Arundinacea intercellular gas concentration lwevel (Fig. 2); Under the normal water supply condition, cerium also increases Festuca Arundinacea intercellular gas concentration lwevel, 200 mgKg
-1Process, concentration is maximum, higher than contrast 49.6%.Festuca Arundinacea is under moderate is coerced, and between each cerium concentration, stomatal conductance does not obviously become, do not produce significant difference (
P0.05).Under severe water stress, 800 mgKg
-1The Festuca Arundinacea intercellular gas concentration lwevel that cerium is processed is minimum, lower than 0 mgKg
-117.1% of processing, but each concentration does not produce notable difference between processing yet.
(3) Net Photosynthetic Rate
In the situation that do not apply cerium, the perennial ryegrass photosynthetic rate is along with the increase of degree of drought (Fig. 3) on a declining curve, and moderate and severe have descended respectively 10.7% and 33.0%.After applying cerium, the perennial ryegrass photosynthetic rate obviously increases, wherein with 500 mgKg
-1The cerium treatment effect is best, and the ryegrass leaves Photosynthetic rates is maximum under each water supply conditions, is secondly 800 mgKg
-1The cerium of concentration is processed.500 mgKg during normal water supply
-1Cerium is processed the perennial ryegrass photosynthetic rate has increased by 31.2% than contrast, and medium drought has increased by 37.0% than contrast, extensively closes speed under severe water stress also than 0 mgKg
-1Processing high by 59.7%.After applying cerium, under medium drought photosynthetic rate than corresponding rare earth concentration under normal water supply process all high, the drought stress of visible moderate has stimulated the increase of perennial ryegrass photosynthetic rate.
Cerium can obviously promote the increase (see figure 3) of Festuca Arundinacea photosynthetic rate, and under the normal water supply condition, Festuca Arundinacea is along with the increase of cerium concentration, and the photosynthetic rate rear decline of first rising is at 200 mgKg
-1The photosynthetic rate increase was the most obvious when concentration was processed, and was 2 times of contrast, was secondly 500 mgKg
-1, also increase by 163.7%, three kind of cerium concentration than contrast and process institute's produce an effect all higher than contrast, and produce obvious difference with contrast.Do not applying the processing cerium of cerium, the photosynthetic rate of Festuca Arundinacea is along with the increase of degree of drought first reduces rear increase, may be under severe water stress, Festuca Arundinacea be by increasing photosynthetic rate, and the accumulation that increases absorption to luminous energy, organic substance increases resistivity to external world.Consider, cerium concentration is 200 mgKg
-1With 500 mgKg
-1Two kinds of concentration treatment effects are best, and under each water supply conditions, the Festuca Arundinacea photosynthetic rate is all relatively high, under medium drought, and 200 mgKg
-1With 500 mgKg
-1Photosynthetic rate after processing is respectively higher than 0 mgKg
-1Process 155.8% and 161.5%.Under Severe drought is coerced, 200 mgKg
-1With 500 mgKg
-1Photosynthetic rate after processing is respectively higher than 0 mgKg
-1Process 80.0% and 33.3%.
(4) chlorophyll content
Chlorophyll is that plant carries out in the photosynthesis process important pigment that luminous energy is absorbed, transmits and transform, and the height of its content has obvious impact to the photosynthesis of plant.The variation of perennial ryegrass chlorophyll content sees Table 1, and along with cerium concentration increases, its content also increases chlorophyll a, 500 mgKg in the normal water supply situation
-1Shi Hanliang is the highest, exceeds contrast 36.4%.Apply in the absence of cerium, Chlorophyll-a Content is along with the degree of coercing increases and reduces.Can obviously alleviate drought stress to the synthetic negative effect that causes of chlorophyll a after applying cerium, the content under the cerium of same concentrations is processed does not have significant change.The content of chlorophyll b reduces along with the increase of drought stress, and applying the content that causes chlorophyll b because of arid to be reduced after cerium also has obvious mitigation, and under each cerium concentration, the chlorophyll b content is little, but cerium is 800 mgKg
-1The processing of concentration sharply descends under severe water stress.The ratio of chlorophyll a/b does not vary widely under drought stress, in the situation that do not apply cerium, along with the increase of the degree of coercing, the ratio of chlorophyll a/b first reduces rear increase; In the normal water supply situation, the ratio of low chlorophyll a/b has fallen in the high concentration rare earth cerium, visible cerium to the synthetic facilitation of chlorophyll b greater than chlorophyll a, 200 mgKg
-1Process ratio the highest, the ratio of the chlorophyll a/b under each concentration is processed has the trend of rising along with the increase of the degree of coercing, and may be to have stimulated chlorophyll a synthetic under drought stress, the impact of catching and transforming to resist drought stress that improves luminous energy.
Impact (the mgg of table 1 cerium on perennial ryegrass chlorophyll content under drought stress
-1FW)
Cerium can obviously promote the chlorophyllous increase of Festuca Arundinacea (seeing Table 2), and after cerium was processed, chlorophyll a significantly increased, the Festuca Arundinacea Chlorophyll-a Content after three kinds of cerium concentrations are processed all with contrast produce notable difference (
P＜0.05), 500 mgKg
-1Under concentration, Chlorophyll-a Content is the highest, surpasses contrast 30%.But, 500 mgKg
-1Cerium processes that to coerce lower Chlorophyll-a Content suppression ratio in moderate and Severe drought very fast, and 200 mgKg
-1With 800 mgKg
-1Chlorophyll-a Content performance after two kinds of cerium concentrations are processed is relatively stable.In the situation that do not apply cerium, increase along with the drought stress degree, Chlorophyll-a Content increases to some extent, Severe drought is coerced lower ratio contrast has increased by 24.%, may be that under drought stress, Festuca Arundinacea increases photosynthesis in order to resist extraneous adverse circumstance, increase photosynthetic product and energy in own body.Under Severe drought is coerced with 200 mgKg
-1With 800 mgKg
-1Under two kinds of cerium consumptions, Chlorophyll-a Content is higher.Content of chlorophyll b does not show obvious difference under each cerium concentration processing and each drought stress.Chlorophyll content is under normal water supply, with 500 mgKg
-1The concentration treatment effect is best, surpasses contrast 23.1%, is secondly 200 mgKg
-1With 800 mgKg
-1, all produce notable difference with contrast.And 800 mgKg
-1Chlorophyll content under processing changes under each drought stress degree not quite, and content is relatively stable.After cerium was processed Festuca Arundinacea, chlorophyll a first increased rear minimizing, 500 mgKg under normal water supply than the ratio of b along with the increase of cerium concentration
-1Processing ratio the highest, higher by 30.3% than contrast, and under this concentration, ratio first reduces rear increase along with the increase of drought stress, is " v " font.Chlorophyll a remains 200 mgKg than b ratio
-1With 800 mgKg
-1The most stable under two kinds of concentration, and ratio is relatively high.
Impact (the mgg of table 2 cerium on Festuca Arundinacea chlorophyll content under drought stress
-1FW)
2.2 the impact of cerium on the perennial ryegrass Water use traits under drought stress
(1) blade face transpiration rate
Drought stress and cerium on the impact of blade face transpiration rate all relatively significantly (
P＜0.05), in the situation that do not apply cerium, the blade face transpiration rate reduces along with the increase of the degree of coercing, and moderate is coerced lower photosynthetic rate and significantly do not descended, but under severe water stress, ratio contrasts the 40.1%(Fig. 4 that descended).Applying has increased perennial ryegrass blade face transpiration rate after cerium, under normal water supply and severe water stress all with 500 mgKg
-1The rising speed in perennial ryegrass blade face processed of cerium maximum; And moderate is coerced with 800 mgKg
-1Concentration processing perennial ryegrass blade face transpiration rate is the highest, 500 mgKg
-1Take second place, respectively than 0 mgKg
-1Under increased by 36.4% and 31.0%.
In the situation that do not apply the external source cerium, the blade face transpiration rate of Festuca Arundinacea first descends and rises afterwards along with the increase of degree of drought; Under the normal water supply condition, along with the increase of rare earth concentration, the blade face transpiration rate rear decline (see figure 4) that first rises, the variation tendency of its variation tendency and photosynthetic rate is consistent.Under normal water supply, 200 mgKg
-1Transpiration rate after concentration is processed is the highest, and then the increase transpiration rate along with concentration descends; Under the medium drought condition, 500 mgKg
-1Blade face transpiration rate after processing is the highest, is secondly 200 mgKg
-1Processing; Under Severe drought is coerced, remain 200 mgKg
-1Transpiration rate under processing is the highest, then descends along with the increase of cerium concentration, and 800 mgKg
-1That processes is minimum.Generally, the blade face transpiration rate descends along with the increase of drought stress.
(2) water use efficiency
Increase along with drought stress, the rear rising (table 3) that first descends of perennial ryegrass water use efficiency, moderate is coerced lower perennial ryegrass water use efficiency and is descended, descended 8.8% than contrast, severe water stress has increased by 9.6% than contrast, has stimulated the raising of perennial ryegrass to the utilization ratio of moisture under possible severe water stress; 500 mgKg
-1With 800 mgKg
-1Cerium concentration under be also that moderate is coerced obvious inhibition perennial ryegrass to the utilization of moisture, improved the utilization ratio to moisture under severe.The cerium consumption is with 500 mgKg
-1Concentration can significantly increase perennial ryegrass to the utilization ratio of moisture, the perennial ryegrass after this concentration is processed is all the highest in each water supply situation to the utilization ratio of moisture, during normal water supply, exceeds 29.3% than contrast, and is the highest under severe water stress, exceeds contrast 64.0%.
The impact (%) of table 3 cerium on lawn plant water use efficiency under drought stress
Cerium can obviously increase Festuca Arundinacea to the utilization ratio (seeing Table 3) of moisture, and along with the increase of cerium concentration, Festuca Arundinacea is to the water use efficiency rear decline of first rising, with 200 mgKg
-1The concentration treatment effect is best, and under this concentration, water use efficiency increases by 53.1% than contrast, is secondly 500 mgKg
-1, increase by 45.0% than contrast.Arid obviously suppress Festuca Arundinacea to the utilization ratio of moisture, along with the increase of degree of drought, after first descending, water use efficiency rises to some extent again.All in all, 200 mgKg
-1Festuca Arundinacea is improved water use efficiency the most obvious, under this concentration, each drought stress on the Festuca Arundinacea water use efficiency not significantly impact all keep the highest, all remain on more than 4.5%, when moderate is coerced with Severe drought respectively than 0 mgKg
-1Processing high 77.1% and 59.7%.
2.3 ground biomass
Drought stress significantly suppresses the accumulation (Fig. 5) of perennial ryegrass ground biomass, through two-way analysis of variance, drought stress and cerium on the impact of perennial ryegrass ground biomass all relatively significantly (
P＜0.05).Along with the increase of the degree of coercing, the accumulation of perennial ryegrass ground biomass significantly reduces.But after adding cerium, significantly increase the accumulation of perennial ryegrass ground biomass, alleviate and work the mischief because of drought stress.The consumption of cerium is with 500 mgKg
-1Effect is best, applies in the absence of cerium, and moderate is coerced with severe water stress and made respectively ground biomass reduce 20.4% and 27.9% than contrast, and at 500 mgKg
-1The processing ground biomass of consumption and severe water stress is also high than contrast.200 and 800 mgKg
-1Concentration drought stress suppressed the perennial ryegrass ground biomass also have certain mitigation.
In the situation that do not apply rare earth, the Festuca Arundinacea ground biomass under moderate is coerced is slightly high than contrasting, but when severe water stress, the Festuca Arundinacea ground biomass (see figure 5) that significantly descends.Under identical water supply level, along with the increase of cerium concentration, the Festuca Arundinacea ground biomass also significantly increases.In the normal water supply situation, under three kinds of cerium concentration, the Festuca Arundinacea ground biomass all apparently higher than contrast, is respectively 1.45 times, 1.48 times and 1.54 times of contrast, all with contrast produce significant difference (
P＜0.05).Under moderate and severe water stress, with 500 mgKg
-1Under cerium concentration, biomass is the highest, surpasses respectively 0 mgKg
-1Concentration is processed 37.1% and 37.7% of lower moderate and severe.
2.4 underground biomass
Drought stress has significantly suppressed perennial ryegrass underground biomass accumulation (Fig. 6), through two-way analysis of variance, drought stress and cerium on the impact of perennial ryegrass underground biomass all relatively significantly (
P＜0.05).Along with the increase of degree of drought, the perennial ryegrass underground biomass is obvious downward trend, and after applying a certain amount of cerium, downward trend is alleviated to some extent.When the cerium consumption is 200 mgKg
-1The time, moderate is coerced down and normal water supply does not have difference to the impact of perennial ryegrass underground biomass, and severe water stress obviously descends, and has descended 19.4% than normal water supply.Cerium concentration is 500 mgKg
-1The time, moderate is coerced with severe water stress not to be affected significantly on underground biomass, significantly decreases but compare all with normal water supply.800 mgKg
-1Concentration effect is the poorest, and it obviously suppresses the underground biomass accumulation.
When not applying the external source cerium, drought stress makes the Festuca Arundinacea underground biomass descend to some extent, but not with contrast produce notable difference (
P0.05).In the normal water supply situation, along with the increase of cerium concentration, the Festuca Arundinacea underground biomass rear reduction (see figure 6) that first raises is with 500 mgKg
-1Cerium concentration is best, is 2.0 times of contrast.Under medium drought, be also 500 mgKg
-1The cerium concentration effect is best, surpasses 0 mgKg
-1Concentration is processed 85.3% of lower medium drought.Under Severe drought is coerced, 800 mgKg
-1The concentration processing list reveals higher underground biomass.
2.5 the impact on total biomass and root/shoot ratio
Drought stress, cerium concentration and drought stress and cerium concentration are on the impact of perennial ryegrass biomass all relatively significantly (Fig. 7).Drought stress suppresses the accumulation of total biomass, applies in the absence of cerium, and moderate is coerced biomass and descended 15.4% than contrast, has descended 23.5% under severe water stress; Applying cerium can obviously increase the accumulation of biomass, and 500 mgKg
-1The cerium consumption is the most obvious, under moderate and severe water stress respectively than 0 mgKg
-1Under improved 23.2% and 32.7%.In the normal water supply situation, 200 mgKg
-1Cerium can obviously improve the perennial ryegrass root/shoot ratio, but 500 and 800 mgKg
-1Under processing, root/shoot ratio obviously descends, this explanation, and cerium is more obvious than underground for promoting aerial growth.Moderate is coerced the increase (Fig. 7) that has stimulated root/shoot ratio, can 500 and 800 mgKg
-1The cerium consumption there is no obvious effect under moderate and severe water stress.
The Festuca Arundinacea total biomass is in the normal water supply situation, along with the increase of the cerium concentration rear decline (Fig. 7) of first rising, with 500 mgKg
-1Concentration is processed best, surpasses contrast 70.0%, and contrast generation notable difference (
P0.05), 200 mgKg
-1With 800 mgKg
-1Two kinds of concentration results also with contrast produce notable difference (
P0.05).Do not applying in the cerium situation, medium drought has stimulated the accumulation of Festuca Arundinacea to biomass, and Severe drought is coerced the accumulation that has suppressed biomass.500 mgKg
-1Cerium concentration is processed and is made the biomass that moderate and Severe drought are coerced all keep the highest, and than contrast high 65.0% and 20.0%, Severe drought is coerced down, 500 mgKg respectively
-1Than 0 mgKg
-1The biomass of processing is high by 26.3%.The Festuca Arundinacea root/shoot ratio is in the normal water supply situation, along with the increase of the cerium concentration rear decline of first rising, 200 mgKg
-1With 500 mgKg
-1Ratio under processing is the highest, surpasses respectively contrast 39.7% and 37.9%, all produces notable difference (Fig. 7) with contrast.In situation about processing without cerium, root/shoot ratio along with the increase of the degree of drought rear rising that first descends, may be to have stimulated Root growth under Severe drought is coerced, and after applying cerium, root/shoot ratio is all to descend along with the increase of degree of drought.Normal water supply and moderate are coerced in two kinds of water supply situations, all with 500 mgKg
-1The root/shoot ratio that concentration is processed is the highest, coerces without obvious rule in Severe drought.
3 conclusions
Cerium has obvious facilitation to the perennial ryegrass photosynthetic rate, can alleviate the photosynthetic rate decline that arid causes, 500 mgKg
-1The concentration treatment effect best, normal water supply and moderate are coerced and are increased by 31.2%, 30.7% than contrast respectively down, during severe water stress also than 0 mgKg
-1Processing high by 59.7%.The ryegrass leaves stomatal conductance descends along with the increase of degree of drought, and the high concentration rare earth cerium is conducive to the perennial ryegrass stomatal conductance to be increased.Drought stress has no significant effect the intercellular gas concentration lwevel, but the intercellular gas concentration lwevel after the cerium processing decreases.Along with the increase of drought stress degree, perennial ryegrass is to the rear rising that first descends of the utilization ratio of moisture, and severe water stress has stimulated the increase of perennial ryegrass to water use efficiency on the contrary, and 500 mgKg
-1Perennial ryegrass water use efficiency after concentration is processed is all the highest under each drought stress gradient, and is higher by 64.0% than contrast under severe water stress.The blade face transpiration rate descends along with the increase of drought stress, and the impact that cerium is coerced perennial ryegrass blade face transpiration rate under gradient to different drought is also inconsistent, and under moderate was coerced, cerium concentration increased, and the blade face transpiration rate raises.Cerium can obviously increase the photosynthetic rate of Festuca Arundinacea, with 200 mgKg
-1With 500 mgKg
-1The concentration treatment effect is best, all shows higher photosynthetic rate under three kinds of water supply levels, all with identical water supply level under 0 mgKg
-1Process and produce significant difference.Drought stress has caused the increase of Festuca Arundinacea stomatal conductance, but not remarkable, equally at 200 mgKg
-1With 500 mgKg
-1Under two kinds of cerium concentrations, Festuca Arundinacea all has higher stomatal conductance under three kinds of water supply levels.Drought stress has reduced the utilization ratio of Festuca Arundinacea to moisture, and cerium can obviously increase Festuca Arundinacea to the utilization ratio of moisture, is also with 200 mgKg
-1With 500 mgKg
-1Two kinds of cerium concentrations are best, under medium drought respectively than 0 mgKg
-1Process high 77.1% and 75.4%.200 mgKg equally
-1With 500 mgKg
-1Festuca Arundinacea blade face transpiration rate after two kinds of cerium concentrations are processed is higher.As seen, cerium can obviously increase the photosynthetic rate of Festuca Arundinacea.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is that cerium is on the impact of lawn plant stomatal conductance under drought stress;
Fig. 2 is that cerium is to lawn plant intercellular gas concentration lwevel under drought stress;
Fig. 3 is that cerium affects photosynthetic rate to the lawn plant under drought stress;
The impact of Fig. 4 cerium on the blade face transpiration of lawn plant drought stress;
Fig. 5 is that cerium is on the impact of dry weight on the ground of lawn plant under drought stress;
The impact of Fig. 6 variable concentrations cerium on the underground dry weight of lawn plant under drought stress;
Fig. 7 is that the variable concentrations cerium is on the impact of lawn plant total biomass and root/shoot ratio under drought stress.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described, the scheme of embodiment described here, do not limit the present invention, one of skill in the art can make improvements and change according to spirit of the present invention, described these improvement and variation all should be considered as within the scope of the invention, and scope of the present invention and essence are limited by claim.Cerous nitrate has commercially available, and other reagent used also have commercially available.
(1) perennial ryegrass is sowed on the Mixed culture matrix of turf establishment, 2kg Mixed culture matrix soil contains cerium 300 mg/Kg, and thickness of sowing is 35.0g/m
2, at the sowing initial stage, every basin fully waters, and the assurance seed can be sprouted the growth with the seedling initial stage smoothly;
After (2) three week, according to coercing the degree quantitative water supply, each was weighed to two days and waters later on, to maintain in the scope of coercing; The wherein said degree quantitative water supply of coercing refers to: adopting weight method to control normal water supply is 70%(weight) maxmun field capacity, moderate is 65%(weight), severe is 35%(weight);
The condition of (3) cultivating is: be 68%% in humidity, carry out illumination daytime, temperature is 22 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 18 ℃, cultivates 40 days, and intensity of illumination is 800 μ mol m
-2s
-1
(4) in lawn plant perennial ryegrass planting process, the management expectancy by common lawn plant carries out; Treat Ryegrass Growth to 40 day, the clip blade is measured; The ratio of weight and number that wherein said Mixed culture matrix refers to is soil and the producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life of 4:1.Producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life refers to: garbage compost is removed foreign material dry to constant weight under 105 ℃ of conditions.
(1) the lawn plant tall fescue seed is sowed on the Mixed culture matrix of turf establishment, 2kg Mixed culture matrix soil contains cerium 500 mg/Kg, 45.0g/m
2At the sowing initial stage, every basin fully waters, and the assurance seed can be sprouted the growth with the seedling initial stage smoothly;
After (2) three week, according to coercing the degree quantitative water supply, each was weighed to two days and waters later on, to maintain in the scope of coercing; The wherein said degree quantitative water supply of coercing refers to: adopting weight method to control normal water supply is 80%(weight) maxmun field capacity, moderate is 55%(weight), severe is 40%(weight);
The condition of (3) cultivating is: be 68% in humidity, carry out illumination daytime, temperature is 26 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 22 ℃, cultivates 60 days, and intensity of illumination is 900 μ mol m
-2s
-1
(4) in lawn plant Festuca Arundinacea planting process, the management expectancy by common lawn plant carries out; Treat growth of Festuca elata to 50 day, the clip blade is measured; The ratio of weight and number that wherein said Mixed culture matrix refers to is soil and the producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life of 4:1.5.Producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life refers to: garbage compost is removed foreign material dry to constant weight under 105 ℃ of conditions.
Claims (6)
1. method that adopts cerium to improve arid mixed-matrix lawn plant photosynthetic capacity is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) the lawn plant seed is sowed on the Mixed culture matrix of turf establishment, thickness of sowing is 35.0g/m
2-45.0g/m
2, 1.5-2kg Mixed culture matrix soil contains cerium 200 mg/Kg～800 mg/Kg, and at the sowing initial stage, every basin fully waters, and the assurance seed can be sprouted the growth with the seedling initial stage smoothly;
After (2) three week, according to coercing the degree quantitative water supply, each was weighed to two days and waters later on, to maintain in the scope of coercing; The wherein said degree quantitative water supply of coercing refers to: adopting weight method to control normal water supply is the maxmun field capacity of 70～80% weight, and it is 55～65% weight that moderate is coerced, and severe water stress is 35～50% weight;
The condition of (3) cultivating is: be 68%～78% in humidity, carry out illumination daytime, temperature is 22～26 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 18～22 ℃, cultivates 40～60 days, and intensity of illumination is 800 μ mol m
-2s
-1-900 μ mol m
-2s
-1
(4) in lawn plant planting process, the management expectancy by common lawn plant carries out; Treat that lawn plant grows into 40 days to 50 days, the clip blade is measured; The ratio of weight and number that wherein said Mixed culture matrix refers to is soil and the producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life of 4:1-2.
2. the method for claim 1, producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life wherein refers to: garbage compost is removed foreign material dry to constant weight under 105 ℃ of conditions and use.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein cerium weight is 500mg/Kg.
4. the application of method aspect raising lawn plant photosynthetic rate as claimed in claim 1.
5. application as claimed in claim 4, cerium weight wherein is 500mg/Kg.
6. the method for claim 1, lawn plant seed wherein be English ryegrass (
Lolium perenne.L) or Festuca Arundinacea (
Festuca arundinacea.L).
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| CN103262860B (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2015-06-03 | 天津师范大学 | Method for regulating growth of festuca arundinacea in hot summer environment by sludge mixed seed soaking solution |
| CN103270868B (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2015-04-22 | 天津师范大学 | Method for improving salt tolerance of festuca ovina by hybrid seed soaking liquid of sludge and rare earth |
| CN103265345B (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2015-06-03 | 天津师范大学 | Method for regulating drought resistance of festuca arundinacea by sludge/rare-earth mixed seed soaking solution |
| CN109068595B (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2021-02-26 | 首尔伟傲世有限公司 | Growth of Ixeris denticulata and method for promoting physiologically active substance |
| CN109748732A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-05-14 | 苏州科技大学 | A kind of microbial manure and preparation method thereof containing nano rare earth cerium |
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| CN1961634A (en) * | 2006-12-05 | 2007-05-16 | 天津师范大学 | Application of cerous nitrate in lawn planting technique |
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