CN114656891A - 一种环保墙布及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种环保墙布,包括依次设置的骨架层、吸附层和表面层;所述骨架层为涤棉机织物,所述吸附层为活性炭纤维毡,所述表面层为银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布,各层间通过水力缠结的方式缠绕成一体结构。还公开了上述环保墙布的制备方法。该环保墙布结构稳定,吸湿透气性强,且能够吸附室内有害物质,净化空气。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及装饰技术领域,尤其涉及一种环保墙布及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们对居住环境要求的不断提高,对室内空气质量也提出了更高的要求。室内空气质量标准涉及多种气体,如二氧化硫、二氧化氮、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氨气、甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等。其中,甲醛是现代居室中污染最为严重的一种有毒有害物质。由于大多数家具使用的木材胶黏剂在生产过程中都离不开甲醛,而实木本身也含有甲醛,同时室内空气还容易受到来自装修材料中甲醛的污染。我国的环保建材发展才刚刚起步,所以还不能完全避免装修材料中的甲醛污染。墙布作为装修材料之一,是一种墙面装饰性物品,由于其本身良好的外观以及对墙面可以进行有效地保护,从而被广泛使用。但现有的墙布功能单一,且由于使用过程中或墙布本身制作过程中使用的胶黏剂,使其产生甲醛等有害气体,因此,现有的墙布已不能满足人们的使用需求。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的缺陷,本发明实施例提供了一种环保墙布及其制备方法,该环保墙布结构稳定,吸湿透气性强,且能够吸附室内有害物质,净化空气。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种环保墙布,包括依次设置的骨架层、吸附层和表面层;所述骨架层为涤棉机织物,所述吸附层为活性炭纤维毡,所述表面层为银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布,各层间通过水力缠结的方式缠绕成一体结构。
优选的,所述涤棉机织物由棉纤维和涤纶纤维混纺形成,所述棉纤维包括精梳长绒棉,所述涤纶纤维包括普通涤纶纤维、再生涤纶纤维、异形截面涤纶纤维中的至少一种;所述涤棉机织物组织包括但不限于平纹、斜纹、段文。
进一步优选的,所述棉纤维和所述涤纶纤维的混纺比例为:1:9或2:8或3:7或4:6或5:5或6:4或7:3或8:2或9:1。
进一步优选的,所述环保墙布还包括胶合于所述骨架层背离所述吸附层一侧的底胶层,所述底胶层为ES纤维非织造布。
上述技术方案中,3mm≤所述环保墙布的总厚度≤3.5mm。
一种环保墙布的制备方法,所述制备方法的步骤包括:
将涤棉机织物和活性炭纤维毡通过水力缠结成复合层;
将复合层与银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布同样通过水力缠结成墙布。
上述技术方案中,“将涤棉机织物和活性炭纤维毡通过水力缠结成复合层”的步骤包括:
将涤棉机织物和活性炭纤维毡叠设于铺网帘,随铺网帘移动;
利用高压水流冲击位于顶层的所述活性炭纤维毡和位于底层的所述涤棉机织物,使所述活性炭纤维毡中的纤维随水柱往复运动并缠绕于涤棉机织物内,活性炭纤维毡与涤棉机织物结合成复合层。
上述技术方案中,所述高压水流的水压为3Mpa~12Mpa。
上述技术方案中,所述银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布的制备步骤包括:
用60CoΥ-射线或加速器电子束对亚麻纤维非织造布辐照,辐照剂量为0~10kGy,并于室温真空改性4h;
将纳米粒子和辐照处理后的亚麻纤维非织造布加入带有冷凝器和带动搅拌装置的三口烧瓶中,加入硝酸银溶液和催化剂,温度控制在20~60℃搅拌反应2h;其中,所述硝酸银溶液中银离子浓度为0.05mol/L~0.1mol/L,所述硝酸银溶液中银离子与纤维素的质量比为(0.01~0.1):1;所述催化剂为2mL;
将表面接枝纳米银的亚麻纤维非织造布从所述三口烧瓶中取出,用乙醇洗涤多次后在离心机上离心分离;
经离心分离处理后将其干燥处理得银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布。
进一步的,所述制备方法的步骤还包括:
在120℃~140℃将ES纤维非织造布胶合于所述涤棉机织物背离所述活性炭纤维毡的一侧。
由于上述技术方案运用,本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点:
1.本发明中以棉纤维和涤纶纤维混纺形成的涤棉机织物作为骨架层,与现有的天然纤维相比,改善了透气性,增加了强度。在骨架层与表面层设置由活性炭纤维毡形成的吸附层,可吸收室内甲醛等,去除空气中的异味,有害物质,净化空气。以银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布作为表面层,使墙布具有抗菌、纹路清晰、布面挺括而柔软、吸湿透气性强、耐磨结实、不易变形、易于着色等优点,也进一步保证了吸附层能够发挥吸附空气中有害气体的功能。
2.将骨架层、吸附层与表面层间通过水力缠结的方式在其内部缠绕成一体结构,使墙布整体结构更加稳定,避免长时间使用后出现分层现象,且通过水力缠结的方式,可避免层间通过胶水粘结,使墙布更加环保、安全。
3.选用ES纤维非织造布作为底胶层,其作为胶合剂无毒环保,在熔融胶合后,层与层间任然会留有空隙,保证空气的流通,并且与现有的糯米胶相比,熔融胶粘合稳定,可避免发生霉变。
为让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举较佳实施例,并配合所附图式,作详细说明如下。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明环保墙布结构示意图。
以上附图的附图标记:1、表面层;2、吸附层;3、骨架层;4、底胶层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一:参见图1所示,一种环保墙布,包括依次设置的骨架层3、吸附层2和表面层1;所述骨架层3为涤棉机织物,所述吸附层2为活性炭纤维毡,所述表面层1为银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布,各层间通过水力缠结的方式缠绕成一体结构。
将骨架层3、吸附层2与表面层1间通过水力缠结的方式在其内部缠绕成一体结构,使墙布整体结构更加稳定,避免长时间使用后出现分层现象,且通过水力缠结的方式,可避免层间通过胶水粘结,使墙布更加环保、安全。在骨架层3与表面层1设置由活性炭纤维毡形成的吸附层2,可吸收室内甲醛等,去除空气中的异味,有害物质,净化空气。以银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布作为表面层1,使墙布具有抗菌、纹路清晰、布面挺括而柔软、吸湿透气性强、耐磨结实、不易变形、易于着色等优点,也进一步保证了吸附层2能够发挥吸附空气中有害气体的功能。
在一个优选的实施方式中,所述涤棉机织物由棉纤维和涤纶纤维混纺形成。所述棉纤维包括精梳长绒棉,其具有柔软、保暖性强、耐磨耐用、抗皱性好、透气排湿性好等优点。所述涤纶纤维包括普通涤纶纤维、再生涤纶纤维、异形截面涤纶纤维中的至少一种。进一步优选的,所述棉纤维和所述涤纶纤维的混纺比例为:1:9或2:8或3:7或4:6或5:5或6:4或7:3或8:2或9:1。将棉纤维和涤纶纤维以特定比例混纺形成的涤棉机织物作为骨架层3,与现有的天然纤维相比,改善了透气性,增加了强度。
在一个优选的实施方式中,所述环保墙布还包括胶合于所述骨架层3背离所述吸附层2一侧的底胶层4,所述底胶层4为ES纤维非织造布。具体的,所述ES纤维非织造布选用自日本智缩公司生产的。选用ES纤维非织造布作为底胶层4,其作为胶合剂无毒环保,在熔融胶合后,层与层间任然会留有空隙,保证空气的流通,并且与现有的糯米胶相比,熔融胶粘合稳定,可避免发生霉变。
在一个可选的实施方式中,3mm≤所述环保墙布的总厚度≤3.5mm。具体的,可将所述底胶层4设置为0.3mm,所述骨架层3、所述吸附层2、所述表面层1各设置为1mm。
上述环保墙布的制备方法的制备步骤包括:
将涤棉机织物和活性炭纤维毡通过水力缠结成复合层;
将复合层与银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布同样通过水力缠结成墙布。
制备例1:
步骤一:制备银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布
用60CoΥ-射线或加速器电子束对亚麻纤维非织造布辐照,辐照剂量为2kGy,并于室温真空改性4h;用60CoΥ-射线对亚麻纤维辐射,可增加其对重金属离子的吸附性能;
纳米银接枝亚麻纤维:将纳米粒子和辐照处理后的亚麻纤维非织造布加入带有冷凝器和带动搅拌装置的三口烧瓶中,加入0.05mol/L硝酸银溶液和2mL催化剂,温度控制在20~60℃搅拌反应2h;
将表面接枝纳米银的亚麻纤维非织造布从所述三口烧瓶中取出,用乙醇洗涤三次后在离心机上离心分离;
经离心分离处理后将其在25℃干燥处理得银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布,可进一步将其装入样品袋备用。
步骤二:制备涤棉机织物
将精梳长绒棉和中空再生涤纶纤维以1:9的比例混纺,制成用于作为骨架层3的涤棉机织物。
步骤三:将各层通过水力缠结进行复合
将涤棉机织物和活性炭纤维毡叠设于铺网帘,随铺网帘移动。
利用高压水流冲击位于顶层的所述活性炭纤维毡和位于底层的所述涤棉机织物,使所述活性炭纤维毡中的纤维随水柱往复运动并缠绕于涤棉机织物内,活性炭纤维毡与涤棉机织物结合成复合层。在水力缠结的过程中,涤棉机织物的经纱和纬纱中都会缠结有所述活性炭纤维。
再将银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布设于顶层,复合层设于底层,同样利用高压水流冲击位于顶层的银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布,使所述银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布中的纤维随水柱往复运动并缠绕于复合层内,形成具有一体结构的墙布。
在该过程中,高压水流的水压依次设定为2Mpa、5Mpa、12Mpa、9Mpa。即,在整个水力缠结的过程中,设置多道具有不同水压的水刺过程,使水压呈先增长后减小的趋势。上述水压的设置可保证纤维间能够实现紧密缠结,同时,产品表面平整美观。在前期,纤维网比较疏松,过高的水压会使松散的纤维发生太大的位移,产品表面会产生花斑,而且能量不能完全吸收。随纤维交织在一起,纤维网的结构越来越紧密,所以需要更大的能量才能使纤维进一步互相缠结,水压也不断提高。但是,为了使产品的表面能更平整细腻,最后一道或多道的水压需要比其前一道低。
可选的,还包括步骤四:胶合ES纤维非织造布
将ES纤维非织造布在130℃下与涤棉机织物胶合。
制备例2:
制备例2的制备过程与制备例1的制备过程基本相似,区别在于:制备例2中辐照剂量为3kGy。
制备例3:
制备例3的制备过程与制备例1的制备过程基本相似,区别在于:采用浓度为0.1mol/L的硝酸银。
制备例4:
制备例4的制备过程与制备例1的制备过程基本相似,区别在于:加入0.05mol/L硝酸银溶液和2mL催化剂,温度控制在20~60℃搅拌反应4h。
制备例5:
制备例5的制备过程与制备例1的制备过程基本相似,区别在于:加入0.05mol/L硝酸银溶液和2mL催化剂,温度控制在40℃搅拌反应2h。
制备例6:
制备例6的制备过程与制备例1的制备过程基本相似,区别在于:将精梳长绒棉和异形截面再生涤纶纤维以1:9的比例混纺,异形截面再生涤纶纤维为“Coolmax”再生涤纶短纤维。
制备例7:
制备例7的制备过程与制备例1的制备过程基本相似,区别在于:将精梳长绒棉和中空再生涤纶纤维以3:7的比例混纺,制成用于作为骨架层3的涤棉机织物。
制备例8:
制备例8的制备过程与制备例1的制备过程基本相似,区别在于:高压水流的水压依次设定为3Mpa、7Mpa、12Mpa、8Mpa。
现利用如下实验,测试由制备例1~制备例8制得的环保墙布对甲醛的吸收效果。
利用空气质量检测仪对密闭箱内空气质量进行检测,使密闭箱内空气处于清新状态。将2.5mL的甲醛标准溶液(37%~40%)放入表面皿中,加水直至25mL,将其稀释成10.00μg/mL的甲醛标准溶液。置入密闭箱中,静置1h使其充分挥发。将空气质量检测仪放入密闭箱内,等待1min后,检测仪上显示的甲醛浓度C0为0.24mg/m3。再将上述环保墙布依次放入密闭箱中,经12h反应后按如上步骤测试反应后甲醛浓度Ctn(mg/m3)。测试结果如下:
C<sub>0</sub> | C<sub>t1</sub> | C<sub>t2</sub> | C<sub>t3</sub> | C<sub>t4</sub> | C<sub>t5</sub> | C<sub>t6</sub> | C<sub>t7</sub> | C<sub>t8</sub> |
0.24 | 0.072 | 0.144 | 0.158 | 0.180 | 0.181 | 0.210 | 0.167 | 0.085 |
由上述实验结果可知,本申请中环保墙布能够对有效进化空气中的甲醛气体,且由制备例1、制备例8制得的环保墙布能够使空气中甲醛浓度有0.24mg/m3降至0.1mg/m3以下,效果较优。
本发明中应用了具体实施例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处,综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims (10)
1.一种环保墙布,其特征在于:包括依次设置的骨架层、吸附层和表面层;所述骨架层为涤棉机织物,所述吸附层为活性炭纤维毡,所述表面层为银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布,各层间通过水力缠结的方式缠绕成一体结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保墙布,其特征在于:所述涤棉机织物由棉纤维和涤纶纤维混纺形成,所述棉纤维包括精梳长绒棉,所述涤纶纤维包括普通涤纶纤维、再生涤纶纤维、异形截面涤纶纤维中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的环保墙布,其特征在于:所述棉纤维和所述涤纶纤维的混纺比例为:1:9或2:8或3:7或4:6或5:5或6:4或7:3或8:2或9:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环保墙布,其特征在于:所述环保墙布还包括胶合于所述骨架层背离所述吸附层一侧的底胶层,所述底胶层为ES纤维非织造布。
5.根据权利要求1或3所述的环保墙布,其特征在于:3mm≤所述环保墙布的总厚度≤3.5mm。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的环保墙布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法的步骤包括:
将涤棉机织物和活性炭纤维毡通过水力缠结成复合层;
将复合层与银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布同样通过水力缠结成墙布。
7.根据权利要求6所述的环保墙布的制备方法,其特征在于,“将涤棉机织物和活性炭纤维毡通过水力缠结成复合层”的步骤包括:
将涤棉机织物和活性炭纤维毡叠设于铺网帘,随铺网帘移动;
利用高压水流冲击位于顶层的所述活性炭纤维毡和位于底层的所述涤棉机织物,使所述活性炭纤维毡中的纤维随水柱往复运动并缠绕于涤棉机织物内,活性炭纤维毡与涤棉机织物结合成复合层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的环保墙布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述高压水流的水压为3Mpa~12Mpa。
9.根据权利要求6所述的环保墙布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布的制备步骤包括:
用60CoΥ-射线或加速器电子束对亚麻纤维非织造布辐照,辐照剂量为0~10kGy,并于室温真空改性4h;
将纳米粒子和辐照处理后的亚麻纤维非织造布加入带有冷凝器和带动搅拌装置的三口烧瓶中,加入硝酸银溶液和催化剂,温度控制在20~60℃搅拌反应2h;
将表面接枝纳米银的亚麻纤维非织造布从所述三口烧瓶中取出,用乙醇洗涤多次后在离心机上离心分离;
经离心分离处理后将其干燥处理得银离子吸附亚麻纤维非织造布。
10.根据权利要求6所述的环保墙布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法的步骤还包括:
在120℃~140℃将ES纤维非织造布胶合于所述涤棉机织物背离所述活性炭纤维毡的一侧。
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