CN111873089A - 阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材及其制备工艺和应用 - Google Patents

阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材及其制备工艺和应用 Download PDF

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CN111873089A
CN111873089A CN202010890490.2A CN202010890490A CN111873089A CN 111873089 A CN111873089 A CN 111873089A CN 202010890490 A CN202010890490 A CN 202010890490A CN 111873089 A CN111873089 A CN 111873089A
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retardant
flame
composite board
strength
novel
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张焕兵
叶昌海
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Chengdu Meikang Sanson Wood Industry Co ltd
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Chengdu Meikang Sanson Wood Industry Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材，为呈对称的层状结构，包括芯层，以所述芯层为对称基底，由内到外依次为亚麻抗拉减震布、玄武岩阻燃抗拉布和竹木装饰单板，相邻两层之间均涂覆有纳米阻燃混合胶；本申请所提供的阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材，通过层状结构的设置，在竹木装饰单板和芯层之间设置玄武岩阻燃抗拉布和亚麻抗拉减震布，在不改变现有传统工艺芯层用材和面层用材的前提下，有效提高了人造板的阻燃防火和抗压抗拉性能，同时在相邻两层之间均涂覆纳米阻燃混合胶，该纳米阻燃混合胶提升了人造板整体的阻燃防火性能。

Description

阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材及其制备工艺和应用
技术领域
本申请涉及家具板材领域，具体而言，涉及一种阻燃型环保复合板材及其制备工艺和应用。
背景技术
家具板材、室内装饰装修等原材料为胶合板、纤维板、刨花板等饰面人造板和实木拼板，木门分为实木门(实木复合)、原木门、金属门等，一般采用实木锯材、胶合板、实木榫接拼接板、实木集成材为主要材料，中间填充连续蜂巢状蜂窝纸或刨花板等芯材；无论家具板还是木门其表面都是压贴浸渍胶膜装饰花纹纸、聚氯乙烯或装饰单板(薄木)经油漆、水性漆等处理后生产而成。在目前实施的行业标准WB/T1024-2006或国家标准GB/T29498-2013中，除了对木门的外观、尺寸偏差、抗风压、空气隔声、保温性能、气密性能、甲醛释放量、含水率等质量指标有要求外，然而对木质门的阻燃性能和抗压抗拉性能未做要求。其主要原因是木质木门主体为木质(材)结构，不具有阻燃特性。国标GB/T15102-2017浸渍胶膜纸饰面纤维板和刨花板，对材料也未做阻燃和抗菌等要求。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本申请提供了一种阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材，具有良好的阻燃效果；本申请还相应地提供了上述阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材的制备工艺和应用。
本申请的实施例通过以下技术方案实现：
本申请第一方面提供了一种阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材，为呈对称的层状结构，包括芯层，以所述芯层为对称基底，由内到外依次为亚麻抗拉减震布、玄武岩阻燃抗拉布和竹木装饰单板，相邻两层之间均涂覆有纳米阻燃混合胶。
选用玄武岩阻燃抗拉布的目的在于，玄武岩阻燃抗拉布采用玄武岩纤维制作而成，强度可与高强度的S玻璃纤维相当，其主要成份都是二氧化硅，且为无机非金属纤维，玄武岩阻燃抗拉布是由多根玄武岩纤维原丝经过加捻和并股而成的纱线，选用单丝直径一般15-17μm，抗拉强度为3000-4800MPa，压贴在人造板的两边，可提高人造板的抗拉抗压强度，制作成的墙板、木门、家具等，在遭受地震、外力冲击时，阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材不易断裂或撕裂，具有很强的支撑作用，在人类遭受地震、火灾、垮塌等灾害时对逃生或躲避具有很好的保护作用。
另外，玄武岩阻燃抗拉布的耐久性、耐候性、耐紫外线照射、耐水性、抗氧化等性能均可与天然玄武岩石头相媲美，同时其具有抗辐射、绝热隔音的性能，并且，玄武岩纤维耐高温性能可达到880℃，其阻燃性相对于普通同人造板最高燃点300℃提高了近3倍多。
亚麻具有减震、拉伸强度高等特点，它还具有独特的抑制细菌作用。并且，亚麻屑半木质化部分没有木射线，导管与木纤维上有发达的纹孔，阻燃混合胶容易从发达的纹孔中向麻屑内部渗透，形成致密的阻燃层结构，达到通体阻燃的效果。
因此，在上下第二层结构中各设置一层玄武岩阻燃抗拉布，在芯层的两侧分别设置一层亚麻抗拉减震布，一方面提升了本发明所提供的高强度阻燃抗菌新型板材的结构强度，使其在外力作用下不易断裂和撕裂，另一方面提升了本发明所提供的高强度阻燃抗菌新型板材的阻燃性能，将其用以制作木门或家具，可以大大降低人们的财产损失和保障生命安全。
进一步地，所述竹木装饰单板的厚度为0.6-3mm。
进一步地，所述芯层为胶合板、纤维板、竹材胶合板、刨花板、竹材刨花板、竹木复合板、集成材中的一种。
进一步地，所述芯层的厚度为10mm-18mm。
进一步地，所述纳米阻燃混合胶包含如下组分，按重量份计：24-26重量份的纳米二氧化硅、4-6重量份的磷酸、4-6重量份的氨水、34-36重量份的新型低毒脲醛胶、44-46重量份的异氰酸酯疏水胶、2-4重量份的聚丙烯酰胺、1-3重量份的栲胶。
所提供的纳米阻燃混合胶中的各组分均具有良好的阻燃性能，其中，纳米二氧化硅作为一种无机颗粒物，阻燃性能极优，并且，其颗粒粒径达到纳米级，能够与玄武岩阻燃抗拉布和亚麻抗拉减震布上的纳微米级孔隙完美配合，另外，由于纳米二氧化硅颗粒分散在胶液中，可以随着胶液浸入至芯层(其材质为纤维板等，其内部具有发育的孔隙结构)的孔隙中，在孔隙中起到封堵作用，将芯层的内部与外界环境隔绝开，一方面在各层的表面形成一层薄而致密的防火膜，另一方面在各层材料的内部起到堵孔的作用，可以有效防止失火时火苗从孔隙进入破坏高强度阻燃抗菌新型板材的内部结构，提高了人造板整体的阻燃性能。
所提供的新型低毒脲醛胶主要成分为水性脲醛树脂及氯化铵(固体含量63±2％、游离甲醛0.15-0.45％、粘度30-55s、PH值7.5-9)，特点是粘接后力学强度高，提升板材的抗拉抗压能力。
所提供的异氰酸酯疏水胶为无醛胶水，确保压贴后的板材环保等级为E0级以上或无醛级。
所提供的聚丙烯酰胺一方面为甲醛吸收剂，进一步确保板材环保等级卓越，另一方面为纳米二氧化硅的分散剂，使得纳米二氧化硅在胶液中分散的更加均匀。
所提供的栲胶为吸收甲醛的植物鞣剂，进一步确保板材环保等级卓越。
进一步地，在所述竹木装饰单板远离所述玄武岩阻燃抗拉布的一侧涂覆有纳米负离子抗菌油漆或纳米负离子抗菌水性漆。
涂覆纳米负离子抗菌油漆或纳米负离子抗菌水性漆，即成阻燃抗压负离子抗菌漆饰板材，可用于家具、墙板、木地板、木门等。
进一步地，在所述竹木装饰单板远离所述玄武岩阻燃抗拉布的一侧压贴有纳米负离子抗菌浸渍胶膜纸。
压贴纳米负离子抗菌浸渍胶膜纸，即成阻燃抗压抗菌饰面板，可用于家具、墙板、木地板、木门等。
本申请第二方面提供了上述阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材的制备工艺，在芯层的两侧分别依次叠放亚麻抗拉减震布、玄武岩阻燃抗拉布和竹木装饰单板，在相邻两层之间涂覆纳米阻燃混合胶，经热压、固化、压贴和养生后即得。
进一步地，所述热压温度为120℃-145℃，热压时间为15min-20min，固化压力为1.2MPa-1.5MPa，固化时间为15min-20min，压贴温度为160℃-190℃，压贴压力为2.5MPa-4MPa，压贴时间为25s-40s。
本发明第三方面提供了上述阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材的应用，应用于家具、墙板、门、窗、地板或飞机内饰。
本申请实施例的技术方案至少具有如下优点和有益效果：
本申请所提供的阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材，通过层状结构的设置，在竹木装饰单板和芯层之间设置玄武岩阻燃抗拉布和亚麻抗拉减震布，在不改变现有传统工艺芯层用材和面层用材的前提下，有效提高了人造板的阻燃防火和抗压抗拉性能，同时在相邻两层之间均涂覆纳米阻燃混合胶，该纳米阻燃混合胶第一方面起到粘合相邻两层材料的作用，第二方面能够浸入各层材料的内部提升各层材料的阻燃性能，第三方面能够在各层材料的表面形成一层致密的薄膜起到阻燃作用，由此提升了人造板整体的阻燃防火性能；本申请所提供的阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材的制备工艺，通过热压、固化、压贴和养生过程，使得纳米阻燃混合胶能够更好地浸入至各材料的内部，并且使得其在各材料表面所形成的薄膜更加致密。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为实施例1所述阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材的结构示意图。
附图说明：1-芯层，2-亚麻抗拉减震布，3-玄武岩阻燃抗拉布，4-竹木装饰单板。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本申请实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
实施例1
在芯层1的两侧分别依次叠放亚麻抗拉减震布2、玄武岩阻燃抗拉布3和竹木装饰单板4，在相邻两层之间涂覆纳米阻燃混合胶，经热压、固化、压贴和养生后制得阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材A1。
其中，竹木装饰单板的厚度为2mm，芯层选用胶合板，芯层的厚度为15mm。
其中，纳米阻燃混合胶的配方按重量份计，为：25重量份的纳米二氧化硅、5重量份的磷酸、5重量份的氨水、35重量份的新型低毒脲醛胶、45重量份的异氰酸酯疏水胶、3重量份的聚丙烯酰胺、2重量份的栲胶。
其中，热压温度为130℃，热压时间为18min，固化压力为1.3MPa，固化时间为17min，压贴温度为175℃，压贴压力为3.5MPa，压贴时间为35s。
实施例2
在芯层1的两侧分别依次叠放亚麻抗拉减震布2、玄武岩阻燃抗拉布3和竹木装饰单板4，在相邻两层之间涂覆纳米阻燃混合胶，经热压、固化、压贴和养生后制得阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材A2。
其中，竹木装饰单板的厚度为0.6mm，芯层选用胶合板，芯层的厚度为10mm。
其中，纳米阻燃混合胶的配方按重量份计，为：24重量份的纳米二氧化硅、4重量份的磷酸、4重量份的氨水、34重量份的新型低毒脲醛胶、44重量份的异氰酸酯疏水胶、2重量份的聚丙烯酰胺、1重量份的栲胶。
其中，热压温度为130℃，热压时间为18min，固化压力为1.3MPa，固化时间为17min，压贴温度为175℃，压贴压力为3.5MPa，压贴时间为35s。
实施例3
在芯层1的两侧分别依次叠放亚麻抗拉减震布2、玄武岩阻燃抗拉布3和竹木装饰单板4，在相邻两层之间涂覆纳米阻燃混合胶，经热压、固化、压贴和养生后制得阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材A3。
其中，竹木装饰单板的厚度为3mm，芯层选用纤维板，芯层的厚度为10mm。
其中，纳米阻燃混合胶的配方按重量份计，为：26重量份的纳米二氧化硅、6重量份的磷酸、6重量份的氨水、36重量份的新型低毒脲醛胶、46重量份的异氰酸酯疏水胶、4重量份的聚丙烯酰胺、3重量份的栲胶。
其中，热压温度为130℃，热压时间为18min，固化压力为1.3MPa，固化时间为17min，压贴温度为175℃，压贴压力为3.5MPa，压贴时间为35s。
对比例1
市售常规板材D1，采购自宁国市东南木业有限公司。
对比例2
其余特征与实施例1相同，所不同之处在于，未加玄武岩阻燃抗拉布，制得板材D2。
对比例3
其余特征与实施例1相同，所不同之处在于，使用普通木材用胶水替换纳米阻燃混合胶，制得板材D3。
对比例4
其余特征与实施例1相同，所不同之处在于，纳米阻燃混合胶中的纳米二氧化硅加量为5重量份，制得板材D4。
对比例5
其余特征与实施例1相同，所不同之处在于，纳米阻燃混合胶中的纳米二氧化硅加量为50重量份，制得板材D5。
实验例
参照国标(GB/T 7633-2008门和卷帘的耐火试验方法)对上述实施例及对比例所制得的板材的耐火阻燃性能进行测试，具体地，将板材竖直夹持放置，在板材的一侧距离10毫米处放置一个热电偶，在板材的另一侧距离50厘米处放置温度测试仪，热电偶设置为500℃，测试10分钟时板材远离热电偶一侧的温度情况，实验数据见表1。
表1板材耐火阻燃性能
实验组 10min温度/℃
A1 65
A2 72
A3 75
D1 420
D2 215
D3 284
D4 242
D5 188
由表1数据可以看出，按本发明所提供的制备工艺制得的阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材A1-A3在500℃电热偶烘烤的情况下，10分钟内板材背面的温度均为超过100℃，表明其传递热量的能力差，即具有良好的绝热阻燃能力。
作为对比参照例，板材D1为购买的市售产品，其在10分钟内板材背面的温度上升至420℃，非常靠近热电偶的温度，表明其传热效果好，也就是容易燃烧。
对于板材D2，由于在板材中未加玄武岩阻燃抗拉布，其绝热阻燃能力稍差，但是由于其各层之间采用的是纳米阻燃混合胶，该混合胶尤其是混合胶中的纳米二氧化硅浸入充填到板材内部的孔隙中，使得板材的整体阻燃性能较普通人造板高。
对于板材D3，由于使用普通木材用胶水替换了纳米阻燃混合胶，使得其阻燃效果下降。
对于板材D4，由于纳米二氧化硅加量过少，在板材内部未起到很好的“堵孔”作用，使得热量从孔隙中传递出，进而降低了板材的阻燃效果。
对于板材D5，由于纳米二氧化硅加量过多，导致了纳米阻燃混合胶的流动性变差，且由于纳米二氧化硅加量太多，小颗粒产生了团聚，未很好的分散至板材内部的各孔隙中，因此降低了板材的阻燃效果。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材，其特征在于，为呈对称的层状结构，包括芯层，以所述芯层为对称基底，由内到外依次为亚麻抗拉减震布、玄武岩阻燃抗拉布和竹木装饰单板，相邻两层之间均涂覆有纳米阻燃混合胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材，其特征在于，所述竹木装饰单板的厚度为0.6-3mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材，其特征在于，所述芯层为胶合板、纤维板、竹材胶合板、刨花板、竹材刨花板、竹木复合板、集成材中的一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材，其特征在于，所述芯层的厚度为10mm-18mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材，其特征在于，所述纳米阻燃混合胶包含如下组分，按重量份计：24-26重量份的纳米二氧化硅、4-6重量份的磷酸、4-6重量份的氨水、34-36重量份的新型低毒脲醛胶、44-46重量份的异氰酸酯疏水胶、2-4重量份的聚丙烯酰胺、1-3重量份的栲胶。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材，其特征在于，在所述竹木装饰单板远离所述玄武岩阻燃抗拉布的一侧涂覆有纳米负离子抗菌油漆或纳米负离子抗菌水性漆。
7.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材，其特征在于，在所述竹木装饰单板远离所述玄武岩阻燃抗拉布的一侧压贴有纳米负离子抗菌浸渍胶膜纸。
8.一种如权利要求1-7任意一项所述的阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材的制备工艺，其特征在于，在芯层的两侧分别依次叠放亚麻抗拉减震布、玄武岩阻燃抗拉布和竹木装饰单板，在相邻两层之间涂覆纳米阻燃混合胶，经热压、固化、压贴和养生后即得。
9.根据权利要求8所述的阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述热压温度为120℃-145℃，热压时间为15min-20min，固化压力为1.2MPa-1.5MPa，固化时间为15min-20min，压贴温度为160℃-190℃，压贴压力为2.5MPa-4MPa，压贴时间为25s-40s。
10.一种如权利要求1-7任意一项所述的阻燃抗菌高强度新型环保复合板材的应用，其特征在于，应用于家具、墙板、门、窗、地板或飞机内饰。
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI777878B (zh) * 2021-12-22 2022-09-11 景明化工股份有限公司 墊體
TWI803268B (zh) * 2021-12-22 2023-05-21 景明化工股份有限公司 墊體
TWI803267B (zh) * 2021-12-22 2023-05-21 景明化工股份有限公司 墊體

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI777878B (zh) * 2021-12-22 2022-09-11 景明化工股份有限公司 墊體
TWI803268B (zh) * 2021-12-22 2023-05-21 景明化工股份有限公司 墊體
TWI803267B (zh) * 2021-12-22 2023-05-21 景明化工股份有限公司 墊體

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