CN114651054A - 链烷烃产品的生产 - Google Patents
链烷烃产品的生产 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114651054A CN114651054A CN202080078127.9A CN202080078127A CN114651054A CN 114651054 A CN114651054 A CN 114651054A CN 202080078127 A CN202080078127 A CN 202080078127A CN 114651054 A CN114651054 A CN 114651054A
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- renewable
- isomerization
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/58—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
- C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G3/45—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof
- C10G3/46—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten metals or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/60—Controlling or regulating the processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
- C10G65/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only
- C10G65/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
- C10G65/043—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps at least one step being a change in the structural skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G67/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only
- C10G67/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G7/00—Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M109/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M109/02—Reaction products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
- H01B3/22—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
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Abstract
本发明公开了联合生产可再生链烷烃产品的方法，包括提供可再生链烷烃进料(101)，以及将可再生链烷烃进料(101)分馏(102)成两个馏分。在这两个馏分中，轻馏分(103)满足航空燃料组分的规范，并且重馏分(104)满足电工流体组分的规范。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种联合生产两种链烷烃产品的方法，并且更具体地涉及通过该方法可获得的链烷烃产品。
背景技术
以下背景描述技术可以包括洞察、发现、理解或公开，或与本发明之前相关技术未知但由本公开提供的公开一起的关联。下文可以具体指出本文所公开的一些此类贡献，而本发明所涵盖的其他此类贡献将从它们的上下文中显而易见。
在航空燃料和变压器油领域中，对于可持续的、生物来源的和再循环的替代物的最终使用者需求日益增长。尽管尚未被要求包含生物来源产品，但对于这些领域也存在立法指导的明显迹象。目前，可用于上述应用的生物来源替代物的提供有限。此外，生物来源的替代物通常不与常规供应品具有价格竞争力，常规供应品限制了生物来源的和再循环的航空燃料和变压器油的发展。需要在这些领域中开发可行的方法。
在变压器油段中，明确的终端用户需要开发提供改进的热传递特性的解决方案，这将实现更小的变压器安装。较低粘度的变压器油将有益于实现这个目标。此外，最终使用者要求油的生物降解能力。当前的解决方案通常不满足快速生物降解能力。
WO2014128227涉及包括电绝缘流体的电气设备在电气设备中的用途，该电绝缘流体含有源自可再生碳源的异链烷烃。该流体具有至少210℃的闪点并且包含至少70wt-％的异链烷烃。
WO2015142887涉及生物基油介电流体，诸如源自烃萜烯(诸如月桂烯、罗勒烯和法尼烯)的异链烷烃基流体。用于电气设备的介电流体或冷却剂包含具有大于300g/mol且小于595g/mol的分子量的生物基烃基油。
在2015年，变压器油市场尺寸约占20亿美元，其中90％是矿物油(环烷烃或链烷烃)、5％硅酮基和4％生物基(可再生)产品。变压器油需求的全球增长速率预期是每年9％。生物基替代物的份额每年以11％的更快的速率增长。2016年的市场估值显示，到2023年(Wise Guys)，变压器油的CAGR(复合年增长率)总计为8％，导致40亿美元的商业。
预计航空燃料市场在2018-2022期间以3.81％的CAGR增长。IATA(国际航空运输协会)认识到需要解决气候变化的全球挑战，并采用一组雄心勃勃的目标来减轻来自航空运输的CO2排放。实现这一点的一种方式是通过改进的技术，包括部署可持续的低碳燃料。
发明内容
下文呈现了本文公开的特征的简化概述以提供对本发明的一些示例性方面的基本理解。本概述不是本发明的广泛概述。其并不旨在标识本发明的主要/关键要素或者描绘本发明的范围。其唯一的目的是以简化的形式呈现本文公开的一些概念作为更详细的描述的序言。
根据一个方面，提供了独立权利要求的主题。在从属权利要求中限定了实施方式。
在附图和以下描述中更详细地阐述实现方式的一个或多个实例。其他特征将从说明书和附图以及从权利要求中显而易见。
附图说明
在下文中，将参考附图通过优选实施方式更详细地描述本发明，其中
图1示出了示例性方法。
具体实施方式
以下实施方式是示例性的。尽管说明书在几个位置处可以指“一个”、“一种”或“一些”实施方式，但是这不一定意味着每个这种引用是指相同的实施方式，或者特征仅适用于单个实施方式。不同实施方式的单个特征也可被组合以提供其他实施方式。此外，词语“包括”、“含有”以及“包含”应当被理解为不将所描述的实施方式限制为仅由已经提及的那些特征组成，并且此类实施方式还可以包含还没有具体提及的特征/结构。
本发明涉及通过加氢脱氧和异构化可再生原料或进料、随后分馏，联合生产两种链烷烃产品、航空燃料组分和电工流体组分。航空燃料组分优选为加氢加工的酯和脂肪酸(HEFA)燃料组分。电工流体组分优选地是变压器油组分。
本发明公开了通过加氢脱氧和异构化可再生原料或进料、随后分馏，联合生产两种链烷烃产品、航空燃料组分和电工流体组分的方法。更具体地，本发明公开了联合生产可再生链烷烃产品的方法，包括加氢脱氧和异构化可再生原料，然后通过蒸馏将所得可再生链烷烃进料分馏成两个馏分，使得在这两个馏分中，轻馏分满足航空燃料组分的规范，并且重馏分满足电工流体的规范。轻馏分意味着其是较低沸程馏分，而重馏分意味着其是较高沸程馏分。在一个实施方式中，航空燃料组分是加氢加工的酯和脂肪酸(HEFA)，并且电工流体组分是变压器油。
航空燃料组分的规范是指对于HEFA(加氢加工的酯和脂肪酸)的ASTM D7566-17b附录A2的一个或多个或全部规范，诸如密度(在15℃下)、闪点、凝固点、蒸馏-10％回收、蒸馏-50％回收、蒸馏-FBP、蒸馏残余物、蒸馏损失和/或实际胶质，尤其是至少密度(在15℃下)和凝固点。用于电工流体组分的规范是指标准IEC 60296-2018的一个或多个或全部规范。表2通用规范，诸如在40℃下的粘度、在-30℃下的粘度、倾点、闪点(PM)、水含量、击穿电压、酸度、在20℃下的密度和/或界面张力，尤其至少在40℃下的粘度、在-30℃下的粘度、闪点(PM)和酸度。
在优选的实施方式中，用于分馏的可再生链烷烃进料通过对包含脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸酯的可再生原料进行加氢脱氧和异构化来提供。因此，获得了可再生链烷烃进料，由此基本上所有的氧已经被去除。优选地，脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸的酯包括或选自游离脂肪酸，脂肪酸甘油酯诸如脂肪酸甘油单酯、甘油二酯和/或甘油三酯，脂肪酸烷基酯诸如脂肪酸和C1-C5烷基醇的酯，特别是脂肪酸的甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基和/或仲丁基酯，及其任何组合。
如本文所用，可再生或生物或生物来源指示源自可再生来源的材料的存在。与化石来源的碳原子相比，可再生或生物来源的碳原子包含更高数目的不稳定的放射性碳(14C)原子。因此，通过分析12C和14C同位素的比率，可以区分源自可再生或生物来源或原料的碳化合物与源自化石来源或原料的碳化合物。因此，所述同位素的特定比率可以用作“标签”来识别可再生的碳化合物并且将其与不可再生的碳化合物区分开来。同位素比在化学反应过程中不改变。用于分析来自生物或可再生来源的碳含量的合适方法的实例是DIN 51637(2014)、ASTM D6866(2020)和EN 16640(2017)。
可以使用工艺条件(诸如在异构化中更高的温度和/或更长的停留时间以增加HEFA组分的产量)和可再生原料或进料(诸如选择提供小于或等于C16烃的高量的烃的可再生原料或进料以增加HEFA组分的产量)的选择以便获得所述组分的所希望的产量比和技术性能特征。
在实施方式中，用于蒸馏的可再生链烷烃进料通过可再生原料的催化加氢处理和催化异构化提供。
在另一个实施方式中，加氢处理为催化加氢脱氧。
可再生链烷烃进料可以通过可再生(生物来源)原料的加氢脱氧和异构化获得。通常，由此获得的可再生链烷烃进料具有在C8至C22或C10至C20范围内、优选在C15至C18范围内的碳数分布，以及在140℃-340℃范围内、优选在180℃-320℃范围内的蒸馏范围，包括140℃-340℃或180℃-320℃的蒸馏范围。可再生链烷烃进料主要含有正链烷烃和异链烷烃。可以调整异链烷烃的量以达到产品馏分的所希望的特性。可再生航空燃料组分可以用上述方法生产。在一个优选的实施方式中，航空燃料组分包含加氢加工的酯和脂肪酸(HEFA)。使可再生链烷烃进料经受蒸馏步骤，从而产生两种组分。HEFA作为轻质馏出物获得。变压器油组分作为来自蒸馏的重馏分获得。在一些情况下，该原料可以包含回收材料，诸如回收塑料材料。
一个实施方式公开了联合生产可再生航空燃料组分和可再生变压器油的方法。
在蒸馏过程中，可再生链烷烃进料的浊点和密度决定了馏出物的产量。为了使航空燃料组分或更具体地HEFA组分的产量最大化，可以使用具有较低浊点的可再生链烷烃进料。可再生链烷烃进料的典型浊点可以在-30℃或以下的范围内、或在-34℃或以下的范围内，而不将其限制于此。
变压器油和HEFA的生产能力可以通过选择可再生链烷烃生产过程中的工艺条件来调整。这使得有可能提供成本有效且材料有效的方式来生产这些链烷烃产品而没有或有痕量的副产品被生产。例如，可以产生小于2wt-％或甚至小于1wt-％的比HEFA轻或比变压器油重的副产品。这意味着两个馏分的产量是由经受分馏的可再生链烷烃进料的量计算的至少98wt-％或至少99wt-％。在某些实施方式中，这两个馏分的产量可以是100wt-％。
较短链的烃能够产生更多HEFA和更少变压器油。通过使用大量的C17或更长链的烃作为进料来生产大量的变压器油。
根据一个实施方式，具有-36℃的浊点(CP)和-32℃的凝固点(FP)的可再生链烷烃进料是植物(或生物)来源的并且进一步被蒸馏成两个馏分：IBP-25％和25％-FBP，这因此使得能够获得仅两种产品，一种(IBP-25％)满足HEFA规范并且一种(25％-FBP)满足变压器油的标准，而不需要其他加工步骤。可以获得25wt-％的满足HEFA规范的轻馏分(IBP-25％)的产量，并且可以获得75wt-％的满足变压器油规范的重馏分(25％-FBP)的产量。
根据另一个实施方式，可以将具有-48℃或以下的浊点(CP)的可再生链烷烃进料蒸馏成两个馏分：IBP-88％和88％-FBP，这因此使得能够仅获得两种产品，一种(IBP-88％)满足HEFA规范并且另一种(88％-FBP)满足变压器油的标准，而不需要其他加工步骤。可以获得88wt-％是满足HEFA规范的轻馏分的产量，并且可以获得12wt-％上网满足变压器油规范的重馏分的产量。
根据另一个实施方式，可以将具有-40℃或以下的浊点(CP)的可再生链烷烃进料蒸馏成两个馏分：IBP-77％和77％-FBP，这因此使得能够仅获得两种产品，一种(IBP-77％)满足HEFA规范并且另一种(77％-FBP)满足变压器油的标准，而不需要其他加工步骤。
可再生链烷烃进料的浊点和密度决定了馏出物的产量。通常，浊点在-30℃或以下的范围内，但并不局限于此。为了最大化HEFA组分的产量，可以使用具有较低浊点和/或凝固点的可再生链烷烃进料。
燃料组合物在温度范围沸腾，与对于纯化合物具有单一点相反。沸程涵盖从初始沸点IBP到最终沸点FBP的温度间隔，所述初始沸点IBP定义为当最高沸点化合物蒸发时获得第一滴蒸馏产品的温度。
ASTM D86标准“用于在大气压下石油产品和液体燃料的蒸馏的标准测试方法”和ASTM D7345标准“用于在大气压下石油产品和液体燃料的蒸馏的标准测试方法(微蒸馏方法)”描述了用于测量液体燃料产品的沸点分布的蒸馏方法。使用ASTM D86或ASTM D7345，在25vol-％蒸馏下测量沸点。这些点还可以在88％或77％蒸馏下报告。
在一个实施方式中，IBP-25％蒸馏的产品在所选择的测试的物理特性方面满足HEFA规范(ASTM D7566-17b，附录A2)，并且25％-FBP蒸馏的产品在测试的主要物理特性方面满足变压器油标准(IEC 60296-2018)。
一个实施方式使得可再生链烷烃生产方法能够用于联合生产两种高价值产品。对于HEFA产品而言看到有益的是从可再生进料中分馏出最重的组分，如稍后解释的，然而需要从变压器油产品中去除轻质组分以确保就足够高的闪点而言的安全性。
在一个实施方式中，变压器油和HEFA的生产能力可以通过选择可再生链烷烃生产工艺中的工艺条件和原料来调整。这使得可以找到在没有任何其他副产品的情况下生产这些产品的成本效益和材料效益的方式。
在一个实施方式中，与现有方法相比，较短链的烃(诸如C8至C22、C10至C20或C15至C18烃)用作经受分馏的可再生链烷烃进料。
在一个实施方式中，通过可再生链烷烃进料的较高异链烷烃含量可以改善变压器油和/或HEFA产品的低温性能。
对于某些高端应用，诸如动力传输流体，可能有益的是通过第二分馏步骤进一步精炼变压器油组分以消除痕量的重组分或其他杂质。
除了变压器油之外，重馏分可以用作例如绝缘油、热传递介质、金属工作流体、电动车辆(EV)电池冷却剂、减振器流体或开关齿轮油。
方法的描述
图1示出了示例性方法。在图1中，将可再生链烷烃进料101在蒸馏塔中进行蒸馏102。作为可再生链烷烃进料101的蒸馏102的结果，由蒸馏102获得两个馏分103、104。在这两个馏分中，轻馏分103是满足氢加工的酯和脂肪酸(HEFA)燃料组分的规范的馏出物，并且重馏分104(其可以是底部馏分)满足变压器油的规范。HEFA燃料组分103在从可再生链烷烃进料101的初始沸点至25％蒸馏点的蒸馏期间获得，25％蒸馏点为当已经蒸馏出25vol-％的可再生链烷烃进料101时测量的沸点。变压器油104在从可再生链烷烃进料101的25％蒸馏点至最终沸点的蒸馏期间获得，25％蒸馏点为当已经蒸馏出25vol-％的可再生链烷烃进料101时测量的沸点。变压器油104可以是来自蒸馏102的底部馏分、或来自蒸馏102的重馏分。可再生链烷烃进料101通过可再生原料的加氢处理和异构化获得。
术语“加氢处理”是指通过所有分子氢的有机材料的催化方法。优选地，加氢处理从有机氧化合物如水中除去氧，即通过加氢脱氧(HDO)。另外/作为选择，加氢处理可以从有机硫化合物如硫化二氢(H2S)中除去硫，即通过加氢脱硫(HDS)，从有机氮化合物如氨(NH3)中除去氮，即通过加氢脱氮(HDN)，和/或从有机氯化物如盐酸(HCl)中除去卤素例如氯，即通过加氢脱氯作用(HDCl)进行。
术语“加氢脱氧”(HDO)例如甘油三酯或其他脂肪酸衍生物或脂肪酸意指在催化剂的影响下通过分子氢除去羧基氧作为水。加氢脱氧可以伴随加氢脱硫、加氢脱氮和/或加氢脱氯反应，如上文所解释。
在生物材料的加氢脱氧和所得正链烷烃的异构化中通常使用的反应条件和催化剂是已知技术。此类工艺的实例呈现于FI100248、实施例1-3和WO 2015/101837 A2中。
术语“脱氧”意指通过先前描述的任何方法或脱羧或脱羰从有机分子(诸如脂肪酸衍生物、醇、酮、醛和/或醚)中除去氧。
可再生原料
可再生原料(或可再生油和/或脂肪)是指源自生物原料组分的进料，该生物原料组分包括油和/或脂肪，通常含有脂质(例如脂肪酸或甘油酯)，诸如植物油/脂肪、蔬菜油/脂肪、动物油/脂肪、海藻油/脂肪、鱼油/脂肪和海藻油/脂肪，或来自其他微生物工艺的油/脂肪，例如基因操作的海藻油/脂肪、来自其他微生物工艺的基因操作的油/脂肪以及还有基因操作的蔬菜油/脂肪。还可以使用此类材料的组分，例如烷基酯(典型地C1-C5烷基酯，诸如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、仲丁基酯)或烯烃。可再生具体地排除化石来源，然而，可以利用回收的化石材料。
可再生油和/或脂肪可以包括单一种类的油、单一种类的脂肪、不同油的混合物、不同脂肪的混合物、油和脂肪的混合物、脂肪酸、甘油和/或上述的混合物。
这些油和/或脂肪典型地包括C10-C24脂肪酸及其衍生物，包括脂肪酸的酯，诸如甘油酯，即脂肪酸的甘油酯。甘油酯可以具体包括甘油单酯、甘油二酯和甘油三酯。优选地，该可再生原料包括C10-C24脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸的酯。例如，该可再生原料可以包含至少50重量％、优选至少70重量％、更优选至少80重量％、或至少90重量％、或至少95重量％的C10-C24脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸的酯。
可再生链烷烃进料及其制备
可再生链烷烃进料的制备通常涉及从可再生原料或进料中除去氧的反应，并且存在许多实施此的策略。脱氧可以包括以下反应中的一个或多个：
1)加氢脱氧(HDO)，氧键的氢化-作为H2O除去氧，
2)脱羧，其中以CO2的形式除去氧，以及
3)脱羰，其中以CO的形式除去氧。
加氢脱氧的工艺条件是本领域已知的。例如，可再生原料的加氢脱氧可以在金属硫化物催化剂上进行。金属可以是一种或多种第VI族金属，诸如Mo或W，或一种或多种第VIII族非贵金属，诸如Co或Ni。催化剂可以负载在任何方便的载体上，诸如氧化铝、二氧化硅、氧化锆、二氧化钛、无定形碳、分子筛或其组合。通常金属作为金属氧化物浸渍或沉积在载体上。然后通常将它们转化成它们的硫化物。用于加氢脱氧的典型催化剂的实例是负载在氧化铝或二氧化硅上的含钼催化剂、NiMo、CoMo或NiW催化剂，但许多其他的加氢脱氧催化剂是本领域中已知的，并且已经与NiMo和/或CoMo催化剂一起或与其进行比较进行了描述。加氢脱氧优选在硫化NiMo或硫化CoMo催化剂影响下在氢气存在下进行。
加氢脱氧可以在10至200巴(巴表压(bar gauge))的氢气压力下、在200至400℃的温度下以及0.2h-1至10h-1的液时空速下进行。在使用硫化催化剂的加氢脱氧步骤期间，可以通过在气相中添加硫或通过使用具有含硫矿物油的进料与可再生原料或进料共混来维持催化剂的硫化状态。进行加氢脱氧的总进料的硫含量可以例如在50wppm(重量ppm)至20000wppm的范围内、优选在100wppm至1000wppm的范围内。
用于加氢脱氧的有效条件可以将可再生原料或进料的氧含量降低至小于1wt-％，诸如小于0.5wt-％或小于0.2wt-％。在一些情况下，可以选择条件以产生对应于至少40wt-％、至少50wt-％或至少75wt-％的脱氧的部分加氢脱氧。
本发明的可再生链烷烃进料可以通过将获自可再生原料的加氢处理的可再生原料异构化而提供。通常，可再生链烷烃进料可以使用任何已知方法由可再生原料生产。在欧洲专利申请EP 1741768 A1中提供了用于生产可再生链烷烃进料的方法的具体实例。还可以采用其他方法，具体地可以选择另一种BTL方法，例如生物质气化继之以费托法。
在一个优选的实施方式中，从可再生原料制备可再生链烷烃进料包括使可再生原料经受脱氧处理。大多数可再生原料包含具有高氧含量的材料。在一个实施方式中，可再生原材料或进料包含脂肪酸或脂肪酸衍生物，诸如甘油三酯或其组合。
在本发明中，脱氧方法没有特别限制，并且可以采用任何合适的方法。合适的方法例如为加氢处理，诸如加氢脱氧(HDO)、催化加氢脱氧(催化HDO)、催化裂化(CC)或其组合。其他合适的方法包括脱羧和脱羰反应，单独或与加氢处理组合。
在一个优选的实施方式中，使可再生原料经受的脱氧处理是加氢处理。优选地，使可再生原材料进行加氢脱氧(HDO)，其优选使用HDO催化剂。催化HDO是除去氧的最常见方式，并且已经被广泛研究和优化。然而，本发明不限于此。作为HDO催化剂，可以使用包含负载在载体上的氢化金属的HDO催化剂。实例包括包含选自由Pd、Pt、Ni、Co、Mo、Ru、Rh、W或这些的组合组成的组的氢化金属的HDO催化剂。氧化铝或二氧化硅特别适合作为载体。加氢脱氧步骤可以例如在100-500℃的温度下以及在10-150巴(绝压(absolute))的压力下进行。
由可再生原料制备加氢处理的原料可以包括将可再生烃原料中的烃加氢裂化的步骤。因此，可以调整可再生烃原料的链长并且可以间接控制产生的生物烃混合物的产品分布。
异构化处理
本发明的可再生链烷烃进料可以通过使加氢处理的原料中的至少直链烃经受异构化处理以制备可再生链烷烃进料来提供。可再生链烷烃进料及其制备如上所述。
异构化处理引起烃链的支化，即加氢处理的原料的异构化。烃链的支化改善了冷性能，即与氢化处理的原料相比，通过异构化处理形成的异构体组合物具有更好的冷性能。较好的冷特性是指较低的倾点温度值。通过异构化处理形成的异构烃或异链烷烃可以具有一个或多个侧链或分支。
异构化步骤可以在异构化催化剂存在下以及可选地在加入到异构化方法中的氢气的存在下进行。合适的异构化催化剂包含分子筛和/或选自周期表第VIII族的金属和可选的载体。优选地，异构化催化剂包括SAPO-11、或SAPO-41、或ZSM-22、或ZSM-23、或弗氏沸石，和Pt、Pd、或Ni，以及Al2O3、或SiO2。典型的异构化催化剂例如为Pt/SAPO-11/Al2O3、Pt/ZSM-22/Al2O3、Pt/ZSM-23/Al2O3和Pt/SAPO-11/SiO2。催化剂可以单独使用或组合使用。添加的氢气的存在对于降低催化剂失活是特别优选的。在一个优选的实施方式中，异构化催化剂是与氢气组合使用的贵金属双官能催化剂，诸如Pt-SAPO和/或Pt-ZSM-催化剂。异构化步骤可以例如在200-500℃、优选280-400℃的温度下以及在10-150巴、优选30-100巴(绝压)的压力下进行。异构化步骤可以包括其他中间步骤诸如纯化步骤和分馏步骤。异构化可以例如在300-350℃下进行。
附带地，异构化处理是主要用于异构化加氢处理的原料的步骤。即，尽管大多数热或催化转化(诸如HDO)导致较小程度的异构化(通常小于5重量％)，但可以用于本发明中的异构化步骤是导致异链烷烃含量显著增加的步骤。
因此，可再生原料可以至少在氢气和加氢脱氧催化剂的存在下进行加氢脱氧反应，并在异构化催化剂的存在下进行异构化反应，以获得可再生链烷烃进料。当应用加氢脱氧步骤和异构化步骤时，这些可以同时或依次进行。加氢脱氧反应可以在氢气和加氢脱氧催化剂(诸如CoMo、NiMo、NiW、CoNiMo)的存在下在载体(例如氧化铝载体、沸石载体或混合载体)上进行。加氢脱氧反应可以例如在250至400℃范围内的温度以及在20至80巴范围内的压力下，在0.5至3h-1范围内的WHSV(重时空速，即质量流量/催化剂质量)以及在350-900nl/l的H2/油比下，使用催化剂诸如NiMo，任选地在氧化铝载体上进行。
加氢脱氧步骤的产品，即加氢处理的可再生原料，可以在氢气和异构化催化剂的存在下经受异构化步骤。异构化催化剂可以是贵金属双官能催化剂，诸如Pt-SAPO或Pt-ZSM催化剂或NiW。异构化反应可以例如在250-400℃的温度下以及在10-60巴的压力下进行。异构化反应可以例如在250-400℃的温度下、在10与60巴之间的压力下、在0.5-3h-1的WHSV下以及在100-800nl/l的H2/油比下进行。
加氢脱氧和加氢异构化步骤可以在同一催化剂床上使用用于该组合步骤的单一催化剂在单一步骤中进行，即NiW或Pt催化剂，诸如Pt/SAPO与载体上的Mo催化剂的混合物，例如氧化铝上的NiMo。
加氢处理步骤和异构化步骤可以在同一反应器中进行。或者，加氢处理步骤和异构化步骤可以在单独的反应器中进行。
航空燃料组分和/或电工流体组分的低温性能可以通过调整异构化而具有可再生链烷烃进料的高异链烷烃含量而改进。异构化温度可以选自温度范围的较高端，诸如330℃至340℃，由此裂化倾向增强。此外，所获得的组分的密度和闪点可以通过提高异构化后较轻组分的回流速率而降低。来自异构化的液体流出物可以在稳定塔中优选在与异构化相比降低的压力下进行稳定，以获得稳定的可再生链烷烃进料和包含石脑油范围(C4-C8)的烃的塔顶馏分。然后使稳定的可再生链烷烃进料经受分馏。来自稳定化的塔顶馏分可以回收并用作汽油组分，或优选地，至少部分塔顶馏分可以再循环回稳定塔用于回流。因此，优选根据本发明，可再生链烷烃进料在加氢脱氧和异构化后在稳定塔中在低于异构化压力的压力下经受稳定处理。用于回流的石脑油范围内的烃的再循环量可以是在稳定塔顶部馏出物处形成的石脑油范围内的烃的80wt-％或更多、优选90wt-％或更多，诸如90至95wt-％。高再循环量有助于较轻和重馏分的后续分离，并提高所得航空燃料和电工流体组分的产量。自然地，较高的回流需要调整设备以实现较高的流动。因此，优选地，根据本发明，在稳定期间，获得包含石脑油范围(C4-C8)中的烃的塔顶馏分，并将在稳定塔顶部形成的石脑油范围内的烃的80wt-％或更多、优选90wt-％或更多，诸如90至95wt-％的量循环回稳定塔用于回流。
在一个实施方式中，公开了变压器油，其使用加氢处理和异构化的可再生链烷烃进料作为原料由可再生链烷烃进料生产。变压器油具有在40℃下根据ISO 3104-1996测量的12mm2/s或以下、通常3.4mm2/s的粘度，在-30℃下根据ISO 3104-1996测量的1800mm2/s或以下、通常42.2mm2/s的粘度，根据ISO 2719-2016测量的至少135℃、通常138.5℃的闪点(PM)，以及0.01mg KOH/g或以下、通常小于0.001mg KOH/g的酸度。变压器油可以通过以上公开的组合生产方法获得。然而，组合生产方法的使用不是强制性的，而是变压器油可以通过一些其他变压器油生产方法生产。
联合生产可再生链烷烃产品的方法包括通过加氢脱氧和异构化包含脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸酯的可再生原料来提供可再生链烷烃进料，以及将可再生链烷烃进料分馏成两个馏分。在这两个馏分中，轻馏分满足对于HEFA(加氢加工的酯和脂肪酸)的ASTM D7566-17b附录A2的航空燃料组分的规范，并且重馏分满足对于标准IEC 60296-2018的电工流体组分的规范。两个馏分的联合产量是经受分馏的可再生链烷烃进料的至少98wt-％，并且轻馏分的产量是两个馏分的总重量的20-90wt-％，并且重馏分的产量是两种馏分总重量的10-80wt-％。
在一个实施方式中，轻馏分满足对于HEFA的ASTM D7566-17b附录A2的航空燃料组分的规范，其包括在15℃下根据ASTM D4052-2016测量的至多772kg/m3、优选730-772kg/m3的密度，以及根据IP529-2016测量的小于-40℃的凝固点。
在一个实施方式中，轻馏分是满足对于加氢加工的酯和脂肪酸(HEFA)的ASTMD7566-17b附录A2的全部规范的航空燃料组分。
在一个实施方式中，重馏分满足标准IEC 60296-2018的电工流体组分的规范，其包括在40℃下根据ENISO 3104-1996测量的12mm2/s或以下、通常3.4mm2/s的粘度；在-30℃下根据ENISO 3104-1996测量的1800mm2/s或以下、通常42.2mm2/s的粘度；根据ENISO 2719-2016所测量至少135℃、通常138.5℃的闪点(PM)；以及0.01mg KOH/g或以下、通常小于0.001mg KOH/g的酸度。
在一个实施方式中，重馏分是满足标准IEC 60296-2018的全部表2通用规范的变压器油。
在一个实施方式中，通过蒸馏提供分馏。
在一个实施方式中，两个馏分的联合产量是经受分馏的可再生链烷烃进料的至少99wt-％或100wt-％。
在一个实施方式中，异构化为催化异构化、优选催化加氢异构化。
在一个实施方式中，轻馏分的生产能力和重馏分的生产能力通过选择加氢脱氧和异构化条件(诸如异构化中的温度和/或停留时间)和/或通过选择可再生原料来调整。
在一个实施方式中，通过选择可再生链烷烃进料的浊点和/或密度来调整轻馏分的生产能力和重馏分的生产能力。
在一个实施方式中，加氢脱氧在10至200巴(巴表压)的氢气压力下、在200至400℃的温度下以及使用0.2h-1至10h-1的液时空速进行。
在一个实施方式中，异构化在200-500℃、优选在280-400℃的温度下以及在10-150巴(绝压)、优选30-100巴的压力下进行。
在一个实施方式中，在加氢脱氧和异构化之后，使可再生链烷烃进料在稳定塔中在低于异构化压力的压力下经受稳定处理，以获得稳定的可再生链烷烃进料和包含石脑油范围(C4-C8)的烃的塔顶馏分，随后使稳定的可再生链烷烃进料经受分馏，并且任选地将至少部分塔顶馏分回收并再循环回稳定塔用于回流。优选地，在稳定塔顶部馏出物处形成的石脑油范围内的烃类的80wt-％或更多、优选90wt-％或更多、例如90至95wt-％的量被再循环回到稳定塔用于回流。
在一个实施方式中，可再生链烷烃进料的浊点是-30℃或以下、-34℃或以下、-40℃或以下或-48℃或以下，根据EN23015-1994测量的。
在一个实施方式中，轻馏分的产量是两个馏分的总重量的70-90wt-％，重馏分的产量是两个馏分的总重量的10-30wt-％。
在一个实施方式中，可再生链烷烃进料含有C8-C22烃、C10-C20烃或C15-C18烃。
在一个实施方式中，可再生链烷烃进料具有在140-340℃范围内、优选180-320℃范围内的蒸馏范围，包括140-340℃或180-320℃的蒸馏范围。
在一个实施方式中，轻馏分通过混合一种或多种抗氧化剂来稳定。
在一个实施方式中，将1-50vol％、优选3-50vol％的轻馏分；99-50vol％、优选97-50vol％的化石航空燃料组分；以及任选的一种或多种航空燃料性能增强添加剂(aviationfuel performance enhancing additive)，其选自抗氧化剂、金属钝化剂、以及燃料系统结冰抑制剂，和/或一种或多种航空燃料处理和保养添加剂(aviation fuel handling andmaintenance additive)，其选自导电性改进剂、泄漏检测添加剂、杀生物添加剂、腐蚀抑制剂和润滑性改进剂；混合得到最终的航空燃料组合物。
实施例1
将通过可再生原料或蔬菜来源的进料的加氢脱氧和异构化生产并且具有-36℃的浊点和-32℃的凝固点的可再生链烷烃产品蒸馏成两个馏分：IBP-25％和25％-FBP，因此获得(仅)两种产品，一种满足HEFA规范并且一种满足变压器油的标准，而不进行进一步的加工步骤。
通过使用15升批次的实验室规模的分批蒸馏来进行蒸馏。蒸馏的精确产量是
·初始沸点至25％蒸馏点：25wt-％，
·25％蒸馏点至最终沸点：75wt-％。
在表1中，蒸馏结果25％-FBP是指定义如在IEC 60296-2018标准中定义的在变压器油中蒸馏产品的可用性的关键参数(用于电工应用的流体-用于变压器和开关装置的未使用的矿物绝缘油)。根据如在表1中报告的测试的主要物理特性，产品25％-FBP满足变压器油标准(IEC 60296-2018)。关于界面张力，在IEC 60296-2018中陈述了在将其用作一般要求的情况下，推荐最小40mN/m的极限。这个要求也如表1所示被满足。
表1
表2中所示的结果表明IBP-25％蒸馏的产品满足HEFA规范(ASTM D7566-17b，附录A2)，如表2中报道的所选择的测试的物理特性而言。用执行的蒸馏实现至多772kg/m3(根据ASTM D4052-2016在15℃下测量)的密度要求(进料的密度是根据ASTM D4052-2016在15℃下测量的779kg/m3)。实现了低于-40℃的凝固点。在表2中，IBP-25％的蒸馏结果是指定义蒸馏产品作为航空燃料组分的可用性的关键参数，如在ASTM D7566-17b，附录A2中所定义的。
表2
考虑到对于航空燃料的轻质馏出物，用执行的蒸馏(可再生链烷烃进料的密度是根据ASTM D4052-2016在15℃下测量的779kg/m3)实现至多772kg/m3的密度要求(根据ASTMD4052-2016在15℃下测量的)。
实现了低于-40℃的凝固点。
实施例2
通过加氢脱氧和异构化可再生原料或蔬菜来源的进料生产并且具有-40℃的浊点的高度异构化的可再生链烷烃产品被蒸馏成两个馏分：一个满足HEFA规范并且一个满足变压器油的标准。
通过使用15升批次的实验室规模的分批蒸馏来进行蒸馏，其中将高度异构化的批次蒸馏成代表两种所希望的产品的两个馏分IBP-77％和77％-FBP。用薄膜蒸发器进行分馏。
选定的测试的物理特性与变压器油标准(IEC 60296-2018)的结果呈现在表3中。
起始材料的高异构化程度使得重质馏出物具有相当低于-30℃的浊点，该浊点由标准设置以便能够检测在-30℃下的粘度。因此，改善了产品的冷起动性能。
表3
表4中所示的结果表明IBP-77％蒸馏的产品满足HEFA规范(ASTM D7566-17b，附录A2)，就如表4中报道的所选择的测试的物理特性而言。用执行的蒸馏(进料密度为779kg/m3，根据ASTM D4052-2016在15℃下测量)实现至多772kg/m3的密度要求(根据ASTM D4052-2016在15℃下测量)。实现了低于-40℃的凝固点。在表4中，IBP-77％的蒸馏结果是指定义蒸馏产品作为航空燃料组分的可用性的关键参数，如在ASTM D7566-17b，附录2中定义的。
表4
考虑到对于航空燃料的轻质馏出物，用执行的蒸馏(可再生链烷烃进料的密度是根据ASTM D4052-2016在15℃下测量的779kg/m3)实现至多772kg/m3的密度要求(根据ASTMD4052-2016在15℃下测量的)。实现了低于-40℃的凝固点。
对于本领域技术人员将显而易见的是，随着技术进步，本发明构思能够以各种方式来实现。本发明及其实施方式不限于上述实施例，而是可以在权利要求的范围内变化。
Claims (19)
1.一种用于联合生产可再生链烷烃产品的方法，所述方法包括：
通过对包含脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸酯的可再生原料进行加氢脱氧和异构化提供可再生链烷烃进料；以及
将所述可再生链烷烃进料分馏成两个馏分，使得在所述两个馏分内，
·轻馏分满足对于HEFA(加氢加工的酯和脂肪酸)的ASTM D7566-17b附录A2的航空燃料组分的规范，并且
·重馏分满足标准IEC 60296-2018的电工流体组分的规范，
所述两个馏分的联合产量为经受所述分馏的所述可再生链烷烃进料的至少98wt-％，并且
所述轻馏分的产量为所述两个馏分的总重量的20-90wt-％，并且所述重馏分的产量为所述两个馏分的总重量的10-80wt-％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述重馏分满足对于标准IEC 60296-2018的电工流体组分的规范，包括：
在40℃下根据ENISO 3104-1996测量的12mm2/s或以下、通常3.4mm2/s的粘度，
在-30℃下根据ENISO 3104-1996测量的1800mm2/s或以下、通常42.2mm2/s的粘度，
根据ENISO 2719-2016测量的至少135℃、通常138.5℃的闪点(PM)，以及
0.01mg KOH/g或以下、通常小于0.001mg KOH/的酸度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述重馏分是满足标准IEC 60296-2018的全部表2通用规范的变压器油。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述分馏是通过蒸馏提供的。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述两个馏分的联合产量是经受所述分馏的所述可再生链烷烃进料的至少99wt-％或100wt-％。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述异构化是催化异构化、优选催化加氢异构化。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述轻馏分的生产能力和所述重馏分的生产能力是通过选择加氢脱氧和异构化条件、诸如异构化中的温度和/或停留时间，和/或通过选择所述可再生原料来调整的。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述加氢脱氧在10至200巴(巴表压)的氢气压力下、在200至400℃的温度下、并且使用0.2h-1至10h-1的液时空速进行。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述异构化在200-500℃、优选在280-400℃的温度下，以及在10-150巴(绝压)、优选30-100巴的压力下进行。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，在加氢脱氧和异构化之后，使所述可再生链烷烃进料在稳定塔中在低于所述异构化压力的压力下经受稳定处理，以获得稳定的可再生链烷烃进料和包含在石脑油范围(C4-C8)中的烃的塔顶馏分，随后使所述稳定的可再生链烷烃进料经受所述分馏，并且任选地将所述塔顶馏分的至少一部分回收且再循环回到所述稳定塔用于回流。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，通过选择所述可再生链烷烃进料的浊点和/或密度来调整所述轻馏分的生产能力和所述重馏分的生产能力。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，
其中，根据EN23015-1994测量的所述可再生链烷烃进料的浊点为-30℃或以下、或者-34℃或以下、或者-40℃或以下、或者-48℃或以下。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述轻馏分的产量是所述两个馏分的总重量的70-90wt-％，并且所述重馏分的产量是所述两个馏分的总重量的10-30wt-％。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述可再生链烷烃进料包含C8-C22烃、或者C10-C20烃或者C15-C18烃。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述可再生链烷烃进料具有在140℃-340℃范围内、优选在180℃-320℃范围内的蒸馏范围。
16.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述轻馏分满足对于HEFA的ASTMD7566-17b附录A2的航空燃料组分的规范，包括：
根据ASTM D4052-2016在15℃下测量的至多772kg/m3的密度，以及
根据IP529-2016测量的小于-40℃的凝固点。
17.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述轻馏分是满足对于HEFA的ASTMD7566-17b附录A2的全部规范的航空燃料组分。
18.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，进一步包括通过混合一种或多种抗氧化剂来稳定所述轻馏分。
19.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，进一步包括混合：
1-50vol-％、优选3-50vol-％的所述轻馏分；
99-50vol％、优选97-50vol％的化石航空燃料组分；
以及任选的一种或多种航空燃料性能增强添加剂和/或一种或多种航空燃料处理和保养添加剂，所述航空燃料性能增强添加剂选自抗氧化剂、金属钝化剂和燃料系统结冰抑制剂，所述航空燃料处理和保养添加剂选自导电性改进剂、泄漏检测添加剂、杀生物添加剂、腐蚀抑制剂和润滑性改进剂；
以得到最终的航空燃料组合物。
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| PCT/FI2020/050756 WO2021094656A1 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2020-11-13 | Production of paraffinic products |
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