CN114642096A

CN114642096A - Device and method for improving soil quality through closed straw burning

Info

Publication number: CN114642096A
Application number: CN202210292564.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭晓平; 张振华; 刘燕; 于赐刚; 马月
Original assignee: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences MEE
Current assignee: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences MEE
Priority date: 2022-03-24
Filing date: 2022-03-24
Publication date: 2022-06-21
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-24
Also published as: CN114642096B

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for improving soil quality by closed burning of straws, belonging to the technical field of straw treatment, comprising: the soil base member, the channel of placing straw and combustion improver is seted up on soil base member surface, the steel mesh of lid in the channel top has been placed to soil base member top, the dustproof canopy that covers the steel mesh is installed to soil base member top, utilizes the dustproof canopy to block the flue gas dust that the burning produced, covers the straw combustion area through dustproof canopy in the device, makes the flue gas that produces can not directly discharge in the air, had both satisfied the prerequisite of protecting the atmospheric environment, can effectively deal with the straw again, the plant ash, the charcoal that produce through the burning can improve the soil structure, is showing to improve soil quality, reduces the application of chemical fertilizer, pesticide, has good economic benefits and ecological benefits.

Description

Device and method for improving soil quality through closed straw burning

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of straw treatment, in particular to a device and a method for improving soil quality through closed straw burning.

Background

The 'atmospheric pollution law' of China stipulates that substances causing smoke dust pollution, such as straws and fallen leaves, are prohibited from being burned in the open air.

As a traditional farming skill, the straw burning method can effectively treat the straw on one hand, and on the other hand, plant ash generated by burning the straw has a remarkable effect on soil quality improvement, in addition, in the burning process, high temperature has a remarkable effect on pest control in the soil, particularly, the high temperature has a great killing effect on pest eggs in the soil, so that the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is further reduced, the soil environment is improved, and agricultural production is promoted. Although the state encourages straw returning, the straws after returning to the field are difficult to breed plant diseases and insect pests, and the improvement of the soil quality cannot be promoted, so a device and a method for improving the soil quality through closed straw burning are provided.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a device and a method for improving soil quality through closed straw burning, so as to solve the problem that air is polluted by direct straw burning in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a device for improving soil quality through straw closed incineration comprises: the surface of the soil matrix is provided with a channel for placing straws and a combustion improver;

a steel mesh covering the channel is arranged above the soil substrate, and the steel mesh separates the soil above from the channel;

and a dustproof shed covering the steel mesh is arranged above the soil substrate, and the smoke dust generated by combustion is blocked by the dustproof shed.

Preferably, the soil matrix surface mounting has the air exhaust device who is in the dustproof canopy outside, the intercommunication is installed between air exhaust device surface and the dustproof canopy lateral wall and is had the pipe, the dustproof canopy lateral wall runs through to install one-way admission valve, provides the air to the dustproof canopy is inside.

Preferably, the air extractor comprises an air storage tank arranged above the soil matrix, one end of the conduit far away from the dustproof shed is communicated with the air storage tank,

the gas storage tank comprises a gas storage tank inner cavity, a gas inlet, a guide pipe joint, a screw hole, a movable plate, a driving motor and a mounting frame, wherein the mounting frame is installed on one side of the gas storage tank inner cavity, the driving motor is installed on the mounting frame, the movable plate is installed on the other side of the gas storage tank inner cavity in a sliding mode, the movable plate blocks the gas inlet of the gas storage tank and the guide pipe joint, the screw hole is formed in the inner surface of the movable plate in a penetrating mode, the screw hole is formed in the connecting position of the movable plate and the screw hole, and the inner side end of the screw rod is connected with the output shaft of the driving motor.

Preferably, the contact part of the movable plate and the inner side wall of the gas storage box is provided with a groove shaped like a Chinese character 'hui', the inner cavity of the groove is provided with a sealing gasket, the outer side wall of the movable plate is provided with a gas storage groove communicated with the groove, the inner cavity of the gas storage groove is filled with air, and the opening of the inner cavity of the gas storage groove is provided with a movable push block in a sliding mode.

Preferably, the dustproof shed is internally provided with an installation box, one side of the inner cavity of the installation box close to the outside is provided with a pressing plate in a sliding way, one side of the inner cavity of the installation box close to the inside is provided with a touch switch,

the touch switch is electrically connected with the driving motor.

Preferably, the outer side wall of the pressing plate is provided with a mounting groove, the inner cavity of the mounting groove is slidably provided with a pressing block, the inner cavity of the mounting groove is provided with an air bag positioned at the inner side of the pressing block,

wherein, the mounting groove has been seted up with the outer wall of install bin laminating to the briquetting, and mounting groove inner chamber slidable mounting has the fixed block, install the spring between the inside wall of fixed block and the mounting groove inner wall, the fixed slot has been seted up with the laminating department of briquetting to the install bin, the outside end of fixed block is inserted in the inner chamber of fixed slot, and is spacing to the clamp plate, the stay cord is installed to the inside wall of fixed block, the end of stay cord extends to the outside of clamp plate and is connected with the lateral wall of briquetting.

Preferably, the method for improving the soil quality through closed straw burning utilizes a device for improving the soil quality through closed straw burning, and comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: airing the straws to be treated, excavating a channel above a soil matrix, putting the aired straws into the channel, adding a combustion improver into the channel, then placing a steel mesh above the soil matrix, enabling the steel mesh to be positioned above the channel, then paving soil on the upper surface of the steel mesh, building a dustproof shed above the soil matrix, covering the steel mesh and the channel, and burning the straws after the completion;

the second step is that: in the combustion process, smoke and dust generated by combustion are covered inside the dustproof shed, the air pressure inside the dustproof shed can be increased along with the increase of the smoke, the pressing block can be pushed upwards, the pulling rope is pulled to move the fixing block out of the inner cavity of the fixing groove, the limitation of the pressing plate disappears, the pressing plate moves upwards through the contraction of the elastic piece and presses the touch switch, the driving motor is powered on to work, the screw rod is driven to rotate, the moving plate is driven to move towards the mounting frame, negative pressure is generated inside the gas storage box, the smoke and dust inside the dustproof shed are sucked into the gas storage box, and meanwhile, outside air enters the dustproof shed through the one-way air inlet valve and continuously works;

the third step: after the burning is accomplished, pull down dustproof canopy to take out the steel mesh, then fill up soil, handle the inside flue gas of air exhaust device afterwards.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the straw combustion area is covered by the dustproof shed in the device, so that the generated smoke can not be directly discharged into the air, the premise of protecting the atmospheric environment is met, the straw can be effectively treated, the soil structure can be improved by the plant ash and the biochar generated by combustion, the soil quality is obviously improved, the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, and the device has good economic and ecological benefits.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the air extractor of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure at A of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the installation box and the pressing plate according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure B of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a soil matrix; 2. a channel; 3. a steel mesh; 4. a dust-proof shed; 5. installing a box; 6. an air extraction device; 61. a gas storage tank; 62. moving the plate; 621. a gasket; 622. a gas storage tank; 623. moving the push block; 63. a screw; 64. a drive motor; 7. a one-way intake valve; 8. a conduit; 9. pressing a plate; 10. a touch switch; 11. an elastic member; 12. briquetting; 13. an air bag; 14. a fixed block; 15. fixing grooves; 16. and pulling a rope.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a device for improving soil quality through straw closed incineration comprises: a soil matrix 1 (a field, a field needing to be subjected to straw combustion treatment) is provided with a channel 2, the dried straws and a combustion improver are placed in the channel 2, a steel mesh 3 is placed above the soil matrix 1, so that the steel mesh 3 is positioned above the channel 2, the upper surface of the steel mesh 3 is covered with soil, a dustproof shed 4 is arranged above the soil substrate 1 to cover the areas such as the channel 2, the steel mesh 3 and the like to form a closed combustion space, the straw in the channel 2 is burnt, so that the generated plant ash has obvious effect on improving the soil quality, in addition, in the burning process, the high temperature has obvious effect on the pest control in the soil, particularly has great killing effect on pest eggs in the soil, further reduces the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, improves the soil environment and promotes agricultural production, and in the burning process, the dust and smoke generated by burning are blocked by the dustproof shed 4;

referring to fig. 1 and 2, in order to ensure sufficient combustion of straws, an air extractor 6 located outside a dustproof shed 4 is installed on the surface of a soil substrate 1, a conduit 8 is installed between the surface of the air extractor 6 and the outer side wall of the dustproof shed 4 in a communicating manner, so that flue gas generated by combustion inside the dustproof shed 4 is extracted (the generated flue gas stays in the dustproof shed 4 and is inconvenient to process, and the increase of the flue gas can increase the internal air pressure of the dustproof shed 4, extrude the dustproof shed 4 and affect the sealing effect of the dustproof shed 4), the air extractor 6 extracts the internal flue gas, so that the internal air pressure of the dustproof shed 4 is reduced, external air can automatically enter the dustproof shed 4 through a one-way air inlet valve 7, so that the internal oxygen content is ensured, sufficient combustion of straws is ensured (the oxygen concentration is reduced due to the closed space combustion), and the one-way air inlet valve 7 is installed on the outer side wall of the dustproof shed 4 in a penetrating manner;

referring to fig. 2, the air extractor 6 includes a gas storage tank 61 for storing flue gas, the gas storage tank 61 is placed on the ground and is communicated with the interior of the dustproof shed 4 through a conduit 8, a mounting frame is installed on one side of an inner cavity of the gas storage tank 61, a driving motor 64 is installed on the mounting frame, a moving plate 62 is installed on the other side of the inner cavity of the gas storage tank 61 in a sliding manner, the moving plate 62 can slide in the inner cavity of the gas storage tank 61 (the moving plate 62 slides left and right in the direction of fig. 2), the moving plate 62 blocks an air inlet at the joint of the gas storage tank 61 and the conduit 8, a screw 63 is inserted through the inner surface of the moving plate 62, a screw hole is formed in the joint of the moving plate 62 and the screw 63, the screw 63 rotates to enable the moving plate 62 to slide in the inner cavity of the gas storage tank 61, and the inner side end of the screw 63 is connected with an output shaft of the driving motor 64;

referring to fig. 2 and 3, in order to ensure the sealing performance between the moving plate 62 and the gas storage box 61, a rectangular-square-shaped slot is formed in a contact portion between the moving plate 62 and an inner side wall of the gas storage box 61, a sealing pad 621 made of rubber is installed in an inner cavity of the slot, a gas storage groove 622 communicated with the slot is formed in an outer side wall of the moving plate 62, air is filled in the inner cavity of the gas storage groove 622, a moving push block 623 is installed at an opening of the inner cavity of the gas storage groove 622 in a sliding mode, when smoke enters the gas storage box 61, the moving push block 623 is squeezed, the moving push block 623 moves towards the inside of the gas storage groove 622, the sealing pad 621 is squeezed by the air in the gas storage groove 622, the sealing pad 621 is made to be fully attached to an inner wall of the gas storage box 61, and the sealing performance between the moving plate 62 and the gas storage box 61 is ensured.

Example 2:

referring to fig. 1, 4 and 5, on the basis of embodiment 1, in order to enable the air extractor 6 to automatically operate, a mounting box 5 is installed inside the dustproof shed 4, a pressing plate 9 is slidably installed on one side of the inner cavity of the mounting box 5, the pressing plate 9 can move up and down (in the direction of fig. 4), a touch switch 10 is installed on one side of the inner cavity of the mounting box 5, the touch switch 10 is electrically connected with a driving motor 64, in order to ensure that the pressing plate 9 cannot be automatically removed after pressing the touch switch 10, a mounting groove is formed on the outer side wall of the pressing plate 9, a pressing block 12 is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the mounting groove, an air bag 13 located inside the pressing block 12 is installed in the inner cavity of the mounting groove, air is filled in the air bag 13 to support the pressing block 12, a mounting groove is formed on the outer wall of the pressing block 12, a fixing block 14 is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the mounting groove, a spring is installed between the inner wall of the fixing block 14 and the inner wall of the mounting groove, a fixing groove 15 is formed in the joint of the installation box 5 and the pressing block 12, the outer side end of the fixing block 14 is inserted into an inner cavity of the fixing groove 15 to limit the pressing plate 9, a pull rope 16 is installed on the inner side wall of the fixing block 14, the tail end of the pull rope 16 extends to the outer side of the pressing plate 9 and is connected with the outer side wall of the pressing block 12, when smoke is generated in the dustproof shed 4 and air pressure is increased, the pressing block 12 is pushed upwards, the pull rope 16 is pulled to enable the fixing block 14 to move out of the inner cavity of the fixing groove 15, limitation on the pressing plate 9 is eliminated, the pressing plate 9 moves upwards to press the touch switch 10 through contraction of the elastic part 11, the elastic part 11 provides pulling force (the elastic part 11 is a spring), and the pressing plate 9 can be in long-term contact with the touch switch 10;

compared with the embodiment 1, the components such as the pressure plate 9 and the touch switch 10 are added, so that the air extracting device 6 can be automatically triggered to work, and the automation degree of the air extracting device 6 is increased.

A method for improving soil quality through closed straw burning utilizes a device for improving soil quality through closed straw burning, and comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: airing the straws to be treated, excavating a channel 2 above a soil matrix 1, putting the aired straws into the channel 2, adding a combustion improver into the channel 2, then placing a steel mesh 3 above the soil matrix 1 to enable the steel mesh 3 to be positioned above the channel 2, then paving soil on the upper surface of the steel mesh 3, building a dustproof shed 4 above the soil matrix 1, covering the steel mesh 3 and the channel 2, and burning the straws after the completion;

the second step: during the combustion process, smoke and dust generated by combustion are covered inside the dustproof shed 4, the air pressure inside the dustproof shed 4 is increased along with the increase of the smoke, the pressing block 12 is pushed upwards, the pulling rope 16 is pulled, the fixing block 14 is moved out of the inner cavity of the fixing groove 15, the limitation of the pressing block 9 disappears, the elastic part 11 is contracted, the pressing block 9 is moved upwards to press the touch switch 10, the driving motor 64 is electrified to work, the screw 63 is driven to rotate, the moving plate 62 is driven to move towards the mounting frame, negative pressure is generated inside the gas storage box 61, the smoke and dust inside the dustproof shed 4 are sucked into the gas storage box 61, and meanwhile, outside air enters the dustproof shed 4 through the one-way air inlet valve 7 and continuously works;

the third step: after the combustion is completed, the dust-proof shed 4 is detached, the steel mesh 3 is extracted, then the soil is filled, and then the smoke inside the air extracting device 6 is treated.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for improving soil quality through straw closed incineration comprises: soil matrix (1), its characterized in that: a channel (2) for placing straws and a combustion improver is formed in the surface of the soil matrix (1);

a steel mesh (3) covering the channel (2) is arranged above the soil matrix (1), and the soil above is separated from the channel (2) by the steel mesh (3);

the dust-proof shed (4) covering the steel mesh (3) is installed above the soil matrix (1), and the smoke dust generated by combustion is blocked by the dust-proof shed (4).

2. The device for improving the soil quality through straw closed incineration according to the claim 1, is characterized in that: soil base member (1) surface mounting has air exhaust device (6) that are in the dustproof canopy (4) outside, pipe (8) are installed in the intercommunication between air exhaust device (6) surface and the dustproof canopy (4) lateral wall, dustproof canopy (4) lateral wall runs through and installs one-way admission valve (7), to the inside air that provides of dustproof canopy (4).

3. The device for improving the soil quality through straw closed incineration according to the claim 2 is characterized in that: the air extractor (6) comprises an air storage box (61) arranged above the soil matrix (1), one end of the conduit (8) far away from the dustproof shed (4) is communicated with the air storage box (61),

wherein, the mounting bracket is installed to one side of gas storage box (61) inner chamber, install driving motor (64) on the mounting bracket, the opposite side slidable mounting of gas storage box (61) inner chamber has movable plate (62), and movable plate (62) blocks the air inlet of gas storage box (61) and pipe (8) junction, the internal surface of movable plate (62) runs through and has inserted screw rod (63), the screw has been seted up with the position of being connected of screw rod (63) movable plate (62), the medial extremity of screw rod (63) and the output shaft of driving motor (64).

4. The device for improving the soil quality through straw closed incineration according to the claim 3 is characterized in that: the contact position of movable plate (62) and gas storage box (61) inside wall has seted up back font fluting, and the fluting inner chamber installs sealed pad (621), gas storage tank (622) with the fluting intercommunication is seted up to the lateral wall of movable plate (62), gas storage tank (622) inner chamber is filled there is the air, the opening part slidable mounting of gas storage tank (622) inner chamber has removal ejector pad (623).

5. The device for improving the soil quality through straw closed incineration according to the claim 4, is characterized in that: an installation box (5) is installed inside the dustproof shed (4), a pressing plate (9) is installed on one side, close to the outside, of an inner cavity of the installation box (5) in a sliding mode, a touch switch (10) is installed on one side, close to the inside, of the inner cavity of the installation box (5),

the touch switch (10) is electrically connected with the driving motor (64).

6. The device for improving the soil quality through straw closed incineration according to the claim 5 is characterized in that: the outer side wall of the pressing plate (9) is provided with a mounting groove, the inner cavity of the mounting groove is slidably provided with a pressing block (12), the inner cavity of the mounting groove is provided with an air bag (13) positioned at the inner side of the pressing block (12),

wherein, the mounting groove has been seted up with the outer wall of installing bin (5) laminating to briquetting (12), and mounting groove inner chamber slidable mounting has fixed block (14), install the spring between the inside wall of fixed block (14) and the mounting groove inner wall, fixed slot (15) have been seted up with the laminating department of briquetting (12) to installing bin (5), the outside end of fixed block (14) is inserted in the inner chamber of fixed slot (15), carries on spacingly to clamp plate (9), stay cord (16) are installed to the inside wall of fixed block (14), the end of stay cord (16) extends to the outside of clamp plate (9) and is connected with the lateral wall of briquetting (12).

7. A method for improving soil quality through closed straw burning, which utilizes the device for improving soil quality through closed straw burning in claim 6, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: airing the straws to be treated, excavating a channel (2) above a soil matrix (1), putting the aired straws into the channel (2), adding a combustion improver into the channel (2), then placing a steel mesh (3) above the soil matrix (1), enabling the steel mesh (3) to be positioned above the channel (2), then laying soil on the upper surface of the steel mesh (3), building a dustproof shed (4) above the soil matrix (1), covering the steel mesh (3) and the channel (2), and burning the straws after the straws are finished;

the second step is that: in the combustion process, smoke and dust generated by combustion are covered inside the dustproof shed (4), the pressure inside the dustproof shed (4) is increased along with the increase of the smoke, the pressing block (12) is pushed upwards, the pulling rope (16) is pulled, the fixing block (14) is moved out of the inner cavity of the fixing groove (15), the limitation on the pressing block (9) disappears, the pressing block (9) is contracted through the elastic part (11), the pressing block (9) is moved upwards to press the touch switch (10), the driving motor (64) is electrified to work, the screw rod (63) is driven to rotate, the moving plate (62) is driven to move towards the mounting frame, negative pressure is generated inside the gas storage box (61), the smoke and the dust inside the dustproof shed (4) are pumped into the gas storage box (61), and meanwhile, outside air enters the dustproof shed (4) through the one-way air inlet valve (7) and continuously works;

the third step: after the combustion is finished, the dustproof shed (4) is detached, the steel mesh (3) is extracted, then the soil is filled, and then the smoke in the air extraction device (6) is treated.