CN114642096B - Device and method for improving soil quality through closed straw burning - Google Patents
Device and method for improving soil quality through closed straw burning Download PDFInfo
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- CN114642096B CN114642096B CN202210292564.1A CN202210292564A CN114642096B CN 114642096 B CN114642096 B CN 114642096B CN 202210292564 A CN202210292564 A CN 202210292564A CN 114642096 B CN114642096 B CN 114642096B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for improving soil quality through closed straw burning, which belongs to the technical field of straw treatment and comprises: the soil base member, the channel of placing straw and combustion improver is seted up on soil base member surface, the steel mesh of lid in the channel top has been placed to soil base member top, install the dustproof canopy that covers the steel mesh above the soil base member, utilize the dustproof canopy to block the flue gas dust that the burning produced, cover the straw combustion area through dustproof canopy in the device, make the flue gas that produces can not directly discharge in the air, both satisfy the prerequisite of protecting atmospheric environment, can effectively deal with the straw again, plant ash, the charcoal that produces through the burning can improve the soil structure, show and improve soil quality, reduce the application of chemical fertilizer, pesticide, have good economic benefits and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of straw treatment, in particular to a device and a method for improving soil quality through closed straw burning.
Background
The 'atmospheric pollution law' of China stipulates that substances causing smoke dust pollution, such as straws and fallen leaves, are prohibited from being burned in the open air.
As a traditional farming skill, the straw burning method can effectively treat the straw on one hand, and on the other hand, plant ash generated by burning the straw has a remarkable effect on soil quality improvement, in addition, in the burning process, high temperature has a remarkable effect on pest control in the soil, particularly, the high temperature has a great killing effect on pest eggs in the soil, so that the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is further reduced, the soil environment is improved, and agricultural production is promoted. Although the state encourages returning straws to the field, the straws after returning to the field are difficult to breed plant diseases and insect pests, and the improvement of the soil quality cannot be promoted, so a device and a method for improving the soil quality through closed straw burning are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for improving soil quality through closed straw burning, so as to solve the problem that air is polluted by direct straw burning in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a device for improving soil quality through closed straw burning comprises: the soil base body is provided with a channel for placing straws and a combustion improver on the surface;
a steel mesh covering the channel is arranged above the soil substrate, and the steel mesh separates the soil above from the channel;
and a dustproof shed covering the steel mesh is arranged above the soil substrate, and the smoke dust generated by combustion is blocked by the dustproof shed.
Preferably, the soil matrix surface mounting has the air exhaust device who is in the dustproof canopy outside, the intercommunication is installed between air exhaust device surface and the dustproof canopy lateral wall and is had the pipe, the dustproof canopy lateral wall runs through to install one-way admission valve, provides the air to the dustproof canopy is inside.
Preferably, the air extractor comprises an air storage tank arranged above the soil matrix, one end of the conduit far away from the dustproof shed is communicated with the air storage tank,
the gas storage tank comprises a gas storage tank inner cavity, a gas inlet, a guide pipe joint, a screw hole, a movable plate, a driving motor and a mounting frame, wherein the mounting frame is installed on one side of the gas storage tank inner cavity, the driving motor is installed on the mounting frame, the movable plate is installed on the other side of the gas storage tank inner cavity in a sliding mode, the movable plate blocks the gas inlet of the gas storage tank and the guide pipe joint, the screw hole is formed in the inner surface of the movable plate in a penetrating mode, the screw hole is formed in the connecting position of the movable plate and the screw hole, and the inner side end of the screw rod is connected with the output shaft of the driving motor.
Preferably, a contact part of the movable plate and the inner side wall of the gas storage box is provided with a groove shaped like a Chinese character 'hui', a sealing gasket is arranged in an inner cavity of the groove, the outer side wall of the movable plate is provided with a gas storage groove communicated with the groove, air is filled in the inner cavity of the gas storage groove, and a movable push block is arranged at an opening of the inner cavity of the gas storage groove in a sliding mode.
Preferably, the dustproof shed is internally provided with a mounting box, one side of the inner cavity of the mounting box close to the outside is provided with a pressing plate in a sliding manner, one side of the inner cavity of the mounting box close to the inside is provided with a touch switch,
the touch switch is electrically connected with the driving motor.
Preferably, the outer side wall of the pressing plate is provided with a mounting groove, a pressing block is slidably mounted in the inner cavity of the mounting groove, an air bag positioned at the inner side of the pressing block is mounted in the inner cavity of the mounting groove,
wherein, the mounting groove has been seted up with the outer wall of install bin laminating to the briquetting, and mounting groove inner chamber slidable mounting has the fixed block, install the spring between the inside wall of fixed block and the mounting groove inner wall, the fixed slot has been seted up with the laminating department of briquetting to the install bin, the outside end of fixed block is inserted in the inner chamber of fixed slot, and is spacing to the clamp plate, the stay cord is installed to the inside wall of fixed block, the end of stay cord extends to the outside of clamp plate and is connected with the lateral wall of briquetting.
Preferably, the method for improving the soil quality through closed straw burning utilizes a device for improving the soil quality through closed straw burning, and comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: airing the straws to be treated, excavating a channel above a soil substrate, putting the aired straws into the channel, adding a combustion improver into the channel, then placing a steel mesh above the soil substrate, enabling the steel mesh to be positioned above the channel, then paving soil on the upper surface of the steel mesh, building a dustproof shed above the soil substrate, covering the steel mesh and the channel, and burning the straws after the completion;
the second step: in the combustion process, smoke and dust generated by combustion are covered inside the dustproof shed, the air pressure inside the dustproof shed can be increased along with the increase of the smoke, the pressing block can be pushed upwards, the pulling rope is pulled to move the fixing block out of the inner cavity of the fixing groove, the limitation of the pressing plate disappears, the pressing plate moves upwards through the contraction of the elastic piece to press the touch switch, the driving motor is powered on to work, the screw rod is driven to rotate, the moving plate is driven to move towards the mounting frame, negative pressure is generated inside the gas storage box, the smoke and the dust inside the dustproof shed are sucked into the gas storage box, meanwhile, the outside air enters the dustproof shed through the one-way air inlet valve and continuously works;
the third step: after the burning is accomplished, pull down dustproof canopy to take out the steel mesh, then fill up soil, handle the inside flue gas of air exhaust device afterwards.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: cover the straw combustion area through the dustproof shed in the device, make the flue gas that produces not directly discharge in the air, both satisfy the prerequisite of protecting atmospheric environment, can effectively deal with the straw again, plant ash, the charcoal that produces through the burning can improve the soil structure, are showing and improve soil quality, reduce the application of chemical fertilizer, pesticide, have good economic benefits and ecological benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the air extractor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure at the position A;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the installation box and the pressing plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure B of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a soil matrix; 2. a channel; 3. a steel mesh; 4. a dust-proof shed; 5. installing a box; 6. an air extraction device; 61. a gas storage tank; 62. moving the plate; 621. a gasket; 622. an air storage tank; 623. moving the push block; 63. a screw; 64. a drive motor; 7. a one-way intake valve; 8. a conduit; 9. pressing a plate; 10. a touch switch; 11. an elastic member; 12. pressing into blocks; 13. an air bag; 14. a fixed block; 15. a fixing groove; 16. and pulling a rope.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a device for improving soil quality through straw closed incineration comprises: the method comprises the following steps of (1) arranging a soil matrix 1 (a field which needs to be burnt to treat straws), arranging a channel 2 on the field, putting dried straws and a combustion improver into the channel 2, placing a steel mesh 3 above the soil matrix 1, enabling the steel mesh 3 to be positioned above the channel 2, covering soil on the upper surface of the steel mesh 3, installing a dustproof shed 4 above the soil matrix 1, covering the channel 2, the steel mesh 3 and other areas to form a closed combustion space, combusting the straws in the channel 2, and enabling the generated plant ash to have a remarkable effect on soil quality improvement;
referring to fig. 1 and 2, in order to ensure sufficient combustion of the straw, an air extractor 6 located outside a dustproof shed 4 is installed on the surface of a soil base 1, a conduit 8 is installed between the surface of the air extractor 6 and the outer side wall of the dustproof shed 4 in a communicating manner, and smoke generated by combustion inside the dustproof shed 4 is extracted (the generated smoke stays in the dustproof shed 4 and is inconvenient to process, and the increase of the smoke increases the internal air pressure of the dustproof shed 4, so that the dustproof shed 4 is squeezed, and the sealing effect of the dustproof shed 4 is affected);
referring to fig. 2, the air extractor 6 includes a gas storage tank 61 for storing flue gas, the gas storage tank 61 is placed on the ground and is communicated with the interior of the dustproof shed 4 through a conduit 8, a mounting frame is installed on one side of an inner cavity of the gas storage tank 61, a driving motor 64 is installed on the mounting frame, a moving plate 62 is installed on the other side of the inner cavity of the gas storage tank 61 in a sliding manner, the moving plate 62 can slide in the inner cavity of the gas storage tank 61 (the moving plate 62 slides left and right in the direction of fig. 2), the moving plate 62 blocks an air inlet at the joint of the gas storage tank 61 and the conduit 8, a screw 63 is inserted through the inner surface of the moving plate 62, a screw hole is formed in the joint of the moving plate 62 and the screw 63, the screw 63 rotates to enable the moving plate 62 to slide in the inner cavity of the gas storage tank 61, and the inner side end of the screw 63 is connected with an output shaft of the driving motor 64;
referring to fig. 2 and 3, in order to ensure the sealing performance between the moving plate 62 and the gas storage box 61, a rectangular slot is formed at a contact portion between the moving plate 62 and an inner side wall of the gas storage box 61, a sealing gasket 621 made of rubber is installed in an inner cavity of the slot, a gas storage groove 622 communicated with the slot is formed in an outer side wall of the moving plate 62, air is filled in the inner cavity of the gas storage groove 622, a moving push block 623 is installed at an opening of the inner cavity of the gas storage groove 622 in a sliding manner, when smoke enters the gas storage box 61, the moving push block 623 is squeezed, the moving push block 623 moves towards the inner part of the gas storage groove 622, air in the gas storage groove 622 squeezes the sealing gasket 621, the sealing gasket 621 is sufficiently attached to an inner wall of the gas storage box 61, and the sealing performance between the moving plate 62 and the gas storage box 61 is ensured.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 1, 4 and 5, on the basis of embodiment 1, in order to make the air extractor 6 work automatically, the installation box 5 is installed inside the dustproof shed 4, the pressing plate 9 is installed in the outer side of the inner cavity of the installation box 5 in a sliding manner, the pressing plate 9 can move up and down (in the direction of fig. 4), the touch switch 10 is installed on the inner side of the inner cavity of the installation box 5, the touch switch 10 is electrically connected with the driving motor 64, in order to ensure that the pressing plate 9 cannot move away automatically after pressing the touch switch 10, the outer side wall of the pressing plate 9 is provided with an installation groove, the inner cavity of the installation groove is provided with a pressing block 12 in a sliding manner, the inner cavity of the installation groove is provided with an air bag 13 positioned inside the pressing block 12, the air bag 13 is filled with air to support the pressing block 12, the outer wall of the pressing block 12, which is attached to the installation box 5 is provided with a mounting groove, and the inner cavity of the mounting groove is provided with a fixing block 14 in a sliding manner, a spring is arranged between the inner side wall of the fixed block 14 and the inner wall of the mounting groove, a fixed groove 15 is formed in the joint of the mounting box 5 and the pressing block 12, the outer side end of the fixed block 14 is inserted into an inner cavity of the fixed groove 15 to limit the pressing plate 9, a pull rope 16 is arranged on the inner side wall of the fixed block 14, the tail end of the pull rope 16 extends to the outer side of the pressing plate 9 and is connected with the outer side wall of the pressing block 12, when smoke is generated in the dustproof shed 4 and air pressure is increased, the pressing block 12 is pushed upwards, the pull rope 16 is pulled to enable the fixed block 14 to move out of the inner cavity of the fixed groove 15, so that limitation of the pressing plate 9 disappears, the elastic element 11 contracts to enable the pressing plate 9 to move upwards to press the touch switch 10, and the elastic element 11 provides pulling force (the elastic element 11 refers to the spring), and the pressing plate 9 can be in long-term contact with the touch switch 10;
compared with the embodiment 1, the components such as the pressing plate 9, the touch switch 10 and the like are added, so that the air extracting device 6 can be automatically triggered to work, and the automation degree of the air extracting device 6 is increased.
A method for improving soil quality through closed straw burning utilizes a device for improving soil quality through closed straw burning, and comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: airing straws needing to be treated, excavating a channel 2 above a soil matrix 1, putting the aired straws into the channel 2, adding a combustion improver into the channel 2, then placing a steel mesh 3 above the soil matrix 1, enabling the steel mesh 3 to be positioned above the channel 2, then paving soil on the upper surface of the steel mesh 3, building a dustproof shed 4 above the soil matrix 1, covering the steel mesh 3 and the channel 2, and burning the straws after the completion;
the second step is that: in the combustion process, smoke and dust generated by combustion are covered inside the dustproof shed 4, the pressure inside the dustproof shed 4 is increased along with the increase of the smoke, the pressing block 12 is pushed upwards, the pulling rope 16 is pulled to move the fixing block 14 out of the inner cavity of the fixing groove 15, so that the limitation of the pressing block 9 disappears, the elastic element 11 is contracted, the pressing block 9 is moved upwards to press the touch switch 10, the driving motor 64 is electrified to work, the screw 63 is driven to rotate, the moving plate 62 is driven to move towards the mounting frame, negative pressure is generated inside the gas storage box 61, the smoke and dust inside the dustproof shed 4 are sucked into the gas storage box 61, and meanwhile, the outside air enters the dustproof shed 4 through the one-way air inlet valve 7 and continuously works;
the third step: after the combustion is completed, the dust-proof shed 4 is detached, the steel mesh 3 is extracted, then the soil is filled, and then the smoke inside the air extracting device 6 is treated.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A device for improving soil quality through closed straw burning comprises: soil matrix (1), its characterized in that: a channel (2) for placing straws and a combustion improver is formed in the surface of the soil matrix (1);
a steel mesh (3) covering the channel (2) is arranged above the soil matrix (1), and the soil above is separated from the channel (2) by the steel mesh (3);
a dustproof shed (4) covering the steel mesh (3) is arranged above the soil matrix (1), and smoke dust generated by combustion is blocked by the dustproof shed (4);
an air exhaust device (6) positioned on the outer side of the dustproof shed (4) is installed on the surface of the soil base body (1), a guide pipe (8) is installed between the surface of the air exhaust device (6) and the outer side wall of the dustproof shed (4) in a communicating mode, a one-way air inlet valve (7) is installed on the outer side wall of the dustproof shed (4) in a penetrating mode, and air is provided for the interior of the dustproof shed (4);
the air extractor (6) comprises an air storage tank (61) arranged above the soil matrix (1), one end of the conduit (8) far away from the dustproof shed (4) is communicated with the air storage tank (61),
the air storage device comprises an air storage box (61), a mounting frame, a driving motor (64), a moving plate (62), a screw (63) and a screw hole, wherein the mounting frame is mounted on one side of an inner cavity of the air storage box (61), the moving plate (62) is slidably mounted on the other side of the inner cavity of the air storage box (61), the moving plate (62) blocks an air inlet at the joint of the air storage box (61) and a guide pipe (8), the screw hole is formed in the joint of the moving plate (62) and the screw (63), and the inner side end of the screw (63) is connected with an output shaft of the driving motor (64);
the fluting of back the font is seted up at the contact site of movable plate (62) and gas storage box (61) inside wall, and the fluting inner chamber installs sealed the pad (621), gas storage tank (622) with the fluting intercommunication is seted up to the lateral wall of movable plate (62), gas storage tank (622) inner chamber is filled there is the air, the opening part slidable mounting of gas storage tank (622) inner chamber has removal ejector pad (623).
2. The device for improving the soil quality through closed straw incineration as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an installation box (5) is installed inside the dustproof shed (4), a pressing plate (9) is installed on one side, close to the outside, of an inner cavity of the installation box (5) in a sliding mode, a touch switch (10) is installed on one side, close to the inside, of the inner cavity of the installation box (5),
the touch switch (10) is electrically connected with the driving motor (64).
3. The device for improving the soil quality through closed straw incineration as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the outer side wall of the pressing plate (9) is provided with a mounting groove, a pressing block (12) is slidably mounted in the inner cavity of the mounting groove, an air bag (13) positioned on the inner side of the pressing block (12) is mounted in the inner cavity of the mounting groove,
wherein, the mounting groove has been seted up with the outer wall of install bin (5) laminating in briquetting (12), and mounting groove inner chamber slidable mounting has fixed block (14), install the spring between the inside wall of fixed block (14) and the mounting groove inner wall, fixed slot (15) have been seted up with the laminating department of briquetting (12) in install bin (5), insert in the inner chamber of fixed slot (15) the outside end of fixed block (14), carry on spacingly to clamp plate (9), stay cord (16) are installed to the inside wall of fixed block (14), the end of stay cord (16) extends to the outside of clamp plate (9) and is connected with the lateral wall of briquetting (12).
4. A method for improving soil quality through closed straw burning, which utilizes the device for improving soil quality through closed straw burning of claim 3, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: airing straws needing to be treated, excavating a channel (2) above a soil matrix (1), putting the aired straws into the channel (2), adding a combustion improver into the channel (2), then placing a steel mesh (3) above the soil matrix (1), enabling the steel mesh (3) to be positioned above the channel (2), then laying soil on the upper surface of the steel mesh (3), building a dustproof shed (4) above the soil matrix (1), covering the steel mesh (3) and the channel (2), and burning the straws after the straws are burnt;
the second step: in the combustion process, smoke and dust generated by combustion are covered inside the dustproof shed (4), along with the increase of the smoke, the air pressure inside the dustproof shed (4) can be increased, the pressing block (12) can be pushed upwards, the pulling rope (16) is pulled, the fixing block (14) is moved out of an inner cavity of the fixing groove (15), the limitation of the pressing plate (9) disappears, the pressing plate (9) is contracted through the elastic piece (11), the pressing plate (9) is moved upwards to press the touch switch (10), the driving motor (64) is electrified to work, the screw rod (63) is driven to rotate, the moving plate (62) is driven to move towards the mounting frame, negative pressure is generated inside the gas storage box (61), the smoke and dust inside the dustproof shed (4) are sucked into the gas storage box (61), when the smoke enters the gas storage box (61), the moving pushing block (623) can be extruded to move towards the inside of the gas storage groove (622), the sealing gasket (621) is extruded by compressing the air inside of the gas storage groove (622), the sealing gasket (621) and the inner wall of the gas storage box (61) and the sealing gasket (621) and the moving plate (62) is fully attached to the gas storage box (61), and meanwhile, the external air of the gas storage box (61) continuously enters the air inlet valve (7);
the third step: after the combustion is completed, the dustproof shed (4) is detached, the steel mesh (3) is extracted, then soil is filled and leveled, and then the smoke inside the air extracting device (6) is treated.
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