CN114622888B - Method for testing dynamic migration rule of complex fracture propping agent and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for testing dynamic migration rule of complex fracture propping agent and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 42
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 abstract description 62
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 abstract description 61
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 7
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- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the dynamic migration rule of a complex fracture propping agent and application thereof, aiming at a multi-stage complex fracture system such as a main fracture, a branch fracture and a micro fracture, the method considers that the branch fracture and the micro fracture stop extending earlier than the main fracture in the actual fracturing construction process, so as to simulate the actual fracturing process, a switch valve is arranged at the outlet of each stage of fracture, a pressure gauge and a flowmeter are arranged, and the proppant dynamic migration rule that the branch fracture and the micro fracture are gradually closed in the fracturing process is tested. The method can effectively solve the limitations of the existing test evaluation method, improves the coincidence degree of the simulation experiment and the actual fracturing situation, and forms a method for testing the dynamic migration rule of the propping agent in the complex fracture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to basic experimental researches such as a proppant migration rule in a fracture, in particular to a research on a complex fracture proppant dynamic migration rule, and specifically relates to a complex fracture proppant dynamic migration rule testing method and application thereof.
Background
At present, with the popularization of shale gas volume fracturing and horizontal well staged fracturing technologies, the method plays an important role in the exploration and development of oil and gas fields. The core of the technique is to form a complex fracture system, namely, on the basis of the original main fracture, the technique promotes the generation of one or more branch fractures in the flank direction of the main fracture by greatly improving the net pressure in the fracture (adjusting construction parameters or measures such as temporary plugging in the fracture). On the basis of the formation of the complex cracks, how to experimentally evaluate the dynamic migration rules of propping agents with different particle sizes and densities is particularly important.
At present, a device for testing the dynamic migration rule of a propping agent of a three-level complex fracture system and a corresponding evaluation method exist at home and abroad. The third-stage cracks refer to main cracks with the largest width, branch cracks (first-stage branch cracks) which are connected with the main cracks and have different included angles and have the width inferior, and micro cracks (second-stage branch cracks) which are connected with the branch cracks and have different included angles and have the width inferior. The width of each stage of crack is adjustable, and in a branch crack or micro-crack system, patches and the like for reflecting the influence of the convexity of the crack wall surface are also arranged. And the number of branch cracks and micro cracks can be adjusted. It can be said that the factors considered in the experimental setup are very comprehensive. However, there is a certain disadvantage in the test and evaluation method, such as that the outlet of each branch crack always flows out, which obviously does not conform to the actual situation. In practice, the number of the branch cracks is increased because the closing stress born by the branch cracks is higher than that of the main cracks, and the absorption displacement of each branch crack is limited, so that the branch crack expansion speed is slower and slower, and finally, the branch crack expansion is earlier than the main crack stop; in addition, the inlet ends of the branch cracks and the micro cracks are not provided with pressure gauges and flow meters, and quantitative description basis is lacked for the migration rule of propping agent in the branch cracks.
The literature 'analysis of proppant migration and placement rules in a complex fracture network' autonomously designs a multi-fracture sand-carrying fluid migration rule experimental device, and the influence of sand ratio, included angles of main fracture and branch fracture and proppant types on migration and placement rules of propping agents in the complex fracture network is researched through an indoor model experiment. However, the experimental device for the migration rule of the multi-fracture sand-carrying fluid designed in the document is not provided with a switch valve at the outlet, is not provided with a pressure gauge and a flowmeter, cannot test the dynamic migration rule of the propping agent with gradually closed branch joints and micro-fractures in the fracturing process, is not in accordance with the actual fracturing condition, and has certain limitation.
The literature CFD numerical simulation of proppant settlement migration in complex cracks develops the research on the conveying rule of propping agents in cracks with branch cracks through a CFD numerical simulation method, analyzes the growth modes of sand dikes in main cracks and branch cracks, evaluates the influence of sand-carrying fluid injection speed, injection position and branch crack position on the spreading form of the sand dikes in the cracks, and proposes site-directed measures. The literature mainly researches the migration rule of propping agents in cracks through a numerical simulation method, and is not combined with a physical simulation experiment method, so that certain limitations exist.
Aiming at the problem of fracturing the complex fracture propping agent by shale hydraulic fracturing, a complex fracture propping agent diversion migration evaluation test system is developed in the literature of a shale complex fracture propping agent diversion mechanism, and a complex fracture propping agent diversion rule research is developed through a physical simulation experiment. The method is mainly used for researching a diversion mechanism of propping agents in complex cracks, and the designed complex crack propping agent diversion migration evaluation test system is not provided with a switch valve at an outlet, is not provided with a pressure gauge and a flowmeter, cannot test the dynamic migration rule of propping agents with gradually closed branch cracks and micro cracks in the fracturing process, is not consistent with the actual fracturing condition, and has certain limitation.
Therefore, it is needed to develop a new method for evaluating the dynamic migration rule of propping agent in a complex fracture system to solve the above-mentioned limitations.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for testing the dynamic migration rule of a complex fracture propping agent and application thereof, in particular to a method for testing the dynamic migration rule of the propping agent, aiming at a multi-stage complex fracture system such as a main fracture, a branch fracture (a first-stage branch fracture), a micro fracture (a second-stage branch fracture) and the like, considering that the branch fracture and the micro fracture stop extending earlier than the main fracture in the actual fracturing construction process, installing a switch valve at the outlet of each stage of fracture for simulating the actual fracturing process, installing a pressure meter and a flowmeter, and testing the dynamic migration rule of the propping agent, which is gradually closed, of the branch fracture and the micro fracture in the fracturing process, so as to solve the limitation of the conventional test evaluation method, improve the coincidence degree of a simulation experiment and the actual fracturing situation, and form the method for testing the dynamic migration rule of the propping agent in the complex fracture.
The general idea of the invention is as follows:
Thought (1): the outlet end of the branch crack adopts a step-by-step flow-down test method, rather than always maintaining an atmospheric outlet pressure and always flowing out the flow as in the prior art.
Because the difficulty of cracking and expanding the branch cracks is greater than that of the main cracks, the fracturing fluid is easier to move in the direction of the main cracks with minimum expansion resistance, so that each branch crack can stop expanding in a dispute manner in different time, the speed of the liquid inlet tends to be zero at the moment, and even if the small-particle-size propping agent moves to the inlet of the branch crack, no power is carried into the branch crack. Therefore, the conventional method for testing the flow rate of the branch cracks always has the defects that the obtained migration rule of the propping agent, especially the migration rule of the propping agent with small particle size in the branch cracks, is obviously different and does not meet the actual situation (the distribution of the propping agent with small particle size in the branch cracks is evaluated too optimistically).
For this purpose, the feed rate may be gradually reduced during the test until the injection is stopped based on the above-described regular knowledge of the feed rate of the branch fracture. The specific liquid inlet speed control can be realized by installing gradually smaller baffle opening degrees at the outlets of the branch cracks and the micro cracks.
The time for reducing the displacement of each branch crack and the size of the displacement are determined based on the expansion rule of the branch crack in the actual sand adding process. However, considering that the expansion rule is extremely complex and has high uncertainty, for the sake of simplicity, the total injection time is visible, the opening of the baffle at the outlet of each branch crack is respectively and independently set to 100% -80% -40% -20% -0%, and the injection time of the opening of the baffle at the outlet of each branch crack is respectively 16.7% of the total injection time.
If the number of the branch cracks and the micro cracks is large, the difficulty of synchronously controlling the opening of the outlet baffle of each branch crack and the micro crack is relatively large, and a plurality of experimenters can carry out experiments.
Thought (2): the pressure meters and the flow meters are arranged at the outlet and the inlet of all three-stage cracks, and the correction of the flow check coefficient of the fracturing fluid under different viscosities and different discharge capacities is carried out firstly in consideration of different metering influences of the fracturing fluid with different viscosities on the flow meters.
Thought (3): the method for controlling the opening of the micro-crack outlet baffle and the method for controlling the opening of the micro-crack outlet baffle refer to the method for supporting cracks in the thought (1) by parameters.
The invention aims to provide a method for testing the dynamic migration rule of a complex fracture propping agent, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Transformation of three-stage complex fracture proppant sand conveying experimental device: installing pressure gauges and flow meters at the outlet and inlet of all three-stage cracks, wherein the three-stage cracks comprise main cracks, branch cracks (primary branch cracks) and micro cracks (secondary branch cracks);
(2) Similarity analysis of experimental parameters;
(3) Correcting the check coefficient of the fracturing fluid flow rate under different viscosities and different displacements;
(4) The feed rates of each branch and microcrack were gradually reduced during the test until the injection was stopped.
In the step (1), pressure gauges and flow meters are arranged at the outlet and the inlet of all three-stage cracks, and the flow check coefficients of the fracturing fluid under different viscosities and different displacements are corrected in consideration of different metering influences of the fracturing fluid under different viscosities on the flow meters.
Meanwhile, in the step (4), the branch crack and the micro-crack outlet end adopt a step-by-step flow-down test method, instead of always maintaining an atmospheric outlet pressure and always flowing out the flow as in the prior art.
Because the difficulty of the initiation and the expansion of the branch cracks and the micro cracks is larger than that of the main cracks, and the fracturing fluid is easier to move in the direction of the main cracks with the minimum expansion resistance, each branch crack and each micro crack can stop expanding in a dispute manner in different time, the speed of the fluid inlet tends to be zero at the moment, and therefore, even if the small-particle-size propping agent moves to the entrance of the branch crack and the micro crack, no power is carried into the branch crack and the micro crack. Therefore, the conventional method for testing the flow rate of the branch cracks and the micro cracks is that the obtained migration rule of the propping agent, especially the migration rule of the propping agent with small particle size in the branch cracks and the micro cracks is obviously different, and the method is not in line with the actual situation (the distribution of the propping agent with small particle size in the branch cracks is evaluated too optimistically).
In a preferred embodiment, in step (1), considering that the size of the microcracks is relatively small, the manometer and the flow meter at the entrance of the microcracks are also relatively small, and correspondingly, the measuring range of the manometer and the flow meter are also relatively small.
Specifically, the range of the pressure gauge for the micro-crack is smaller than the range of the pressure gauge for the branch crack, and the range of the flow meter for the micro-crack is smaller than the range of the flow meter for the branch crack.
In a further preferred embodiment, the maximum pressure and flow through the main, branch and micro-cracks, respectively, should be 70% -80% of the corresponding range of the manometer and flowmeter for fine metering purposes, especially for micro-cracks.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the injection parameter design is performed using kinetic similarity.
In a further preferred embodiment, in step (2), the linear velocity at the time of the design test is 90% to 110%, preferably 95% to 105%, for example 100% of the linear velocity at the time of the actual construction.
In a still further preferred embodiment, in step (2), the width of the tertiary cracks is designed to be 3 to 6 times the average particle size of the different particle size proppants.
Among them, the injection parameter design should be performed by applying the dynamic similarity in consideration of the fact that the size of the three-stage complex fracture is far from practical. For simplicity, at least the linear velocities should be similar, so that the ratio of the width of the tertiary fracture to the average particle size of the different particle size proppants should be similar to the actual situation. This ratio should generally be 3-6 times.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (3), the corresponding flow meter parameters are checked separately due to the large displacement differences of the three stages of cracks.
In a further preferred embodiment, since the main fracture has the largest flow meter range, all outlets of the branch fracture and the micro fracture are turned off, and then the ratio of the readings of the flow meter under different viscosities and displacement to the volume of the actually inflowing liquid and the injection time is checked.
In a further preferred embodiment, the actual flow is calculated according to the volume and time of the actual injected fluid, and then the flow meter readings are compared to check, so as to check the corresponding flow meter coefficients of the branch crack and the micro crack respectively.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (4), tapered baffle openings are installed at the outlets of the branch slits and the micro-slits to control the liquid feeding speed.
Based on the knowledge of the regularity of the liquid feed rates of the branch cracks and the micro cracks, the liquid feed rate is gradually reduced in the test process until the injection is stopped. The specific liquid inlet speed control can be realized by installing gradually smaller baffle opening degrees at the outlets of the branch cracks and the micro cracks. In this way, the opening degree of the branch crack becomes smaller gradually, and the opening degree of the micro-crack becomes smaller gradually. In the present invention, the gradual decrease of the opening degree of the branch crack is based on the original opening degree of the branch crack, and the gradual decrease of the opening degree of the micro crack is also based on the original opening degree of the micro crack.
In a further preferred embodiment, in step (4), the injection time of each of the branch slits and the micro-slit outlet baffle opening is taken as 10 to 20% (for example, 16.7%) of the total injection time, respectively, and the baffle opening at the outlet of each of the branch slits and the micro-slit is set to 100% -80% -60% -40% -20% -0%, respectively, independently and sequentially (in time sequence).
The time and the displacement of each branch crack and micro crack for reducing the displacement are determined based on the expansion rule of the branch crack and the micro crack in the actual sand feeding process. However, considering that the expansion rule is extremely complex and has high uncertainty, for simplicity, the total injection time is 100%, (in time sequence) the opening of the baffle at the outlet of each branch crack and micro-crack is respectively and independently set to 100% -80% -60% -40% -20% -0%, the injection time of the opening of the outlet baffle of each branch crack and micro-crack respectively takes 10% -20% (for example 16.7%) of the total injection time, and the total is ensured to be 100%.
If the number of the branch cracks and the micro cracks is large, the difficulty of synchronously controlling the opening of the outlet baffle of each branch crack and the micro crack is relatively large, and a plurality of experimenters can carry out experiments.
In a preferred embodiment, step (4) comprises the sub-steps of:
(4-1) opening the flow meter baffle plates at the outlets of all three stages of cracks by 100%, injecting according to 10-20%, preferably 16.7% of the total injection time of the designed sand-carrying fluid stage, and replacing the propping agent type and the particle size according to the stage required by the design;
(4-2) opening the opening of the baffle at the outlets of all the branch cracks and the micro cracks by 80%, injecting according to 10-20%, preferably 16.7% of the total injection time of the designed sand-carrying fluid stage, and replacing the proppant type and the particle size according to the stage required by the design;
(4-3) opening the opening of the baffle at the outlets of all the branch cracks and the micro cracks by 60%, injecting according to 10-20%, preferably 16.7% of the total injection time of the designed sand-carrying fluid stage, and replacing the proppant type and the particle size according to the stage required by the design;
(4-4) opening the opening of the baffle at the outlet of all the branch cracks and the micro-cracks by 40%, injecting according to 10-20%, preferably 16.7% of the total injection time of the designed sand-carrying fluid stage, and replacing the proppant type and the particle size according to the stage required by the design;
(4-5) opening the opening of the baffle at the outlets of all the branch cracks and the micro cracks by 20%, injecting according to 10-20%, preferably 16.7% of the total injection time of the designed sand-carrying fluid stage, and replacing the proppant type and the particle size according to the stage required by the design;
(4-6) closing the baffle plates at the outlets of all branch cracks and micro cracks, injecting 10-20%, preferably 16.7% of the total injection time of the designed sand-carrying fluid stage, and replacing the proppant type and the particle size according to the stage required by the design;
wherein the total injection time of the steps (4-1) to (4-6) is 100%.
In a further preferred embodiment, in steps (4-1) to (4-6), the manometer is mounted in place in correspondence with the flowmeter; corresponding pressures and flows at the inlet and outlet of all three-stage cracks are recorded, and dynamic migration and sedimentation processes of propping agents in cracks with different dimensions are shot, so that real-time and post-analysis can be performed.
In a preferred embodiment, step (4') is performed prior to step (4):
(4') preparation of fracturing fluids with different viscosities, and selection of proppants with different types and particle sizes.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (4'), fracturing fluid formulation optimization is performed based on the different viscosity fracturing fluid requirements of the fracturing design. Besides the viscosity meeting the requirement, the resistivity should also meet the requirement, otherwise, the displacement distribution of the three-stage fracture and the entering amount and distribution form of the propping agent are affected.
In a further preferred embodiment, in step (4'), the respective type, density and particle size are selected, likewise based on the fracturing design requirements.
In a preferred embodiment, the following test is performed before or after (preferably after) step (4): the opening of a baffle at the outlet of the three-stage crack is always kept at 100%, injection is carried out according to design requirements, and the result is compared with the corresponding result of the step (4); especially, the comparison of migration and distribution rules of propping agents in branch cracks and micro cracks provides basis for follow-up complex crack flow conductivity experiments, yield prediction and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, steps (5) to (6) are performed after step (4):
(5) And after the experiment is finished, washing the complex crack system device with clear water.
For sufficient cleaning, the other two-stage crack systems can be closed first for cleaning one by one according to the crack level.
(6) Recording the whole experiment original data, analyzing the experiment and comparing the analysis results, and recording the results into a computer storage disk.
In the present invention, the tertiary cracks include main cracks, branch cracks, and micro cracks.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide an application of the method for testing the dynamic migration rule of the complex fracture propping agent in the fracturing design.
The method can provide a basic theoretical basis for fracturing design.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed in the present invention are not limited to the precise range or value, and the range or value should be understood to include values close to the range or value. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein. In the following, the individual technical solutions can in principle be combined with one another to give new technical solutions, which should also be regarded as specifically disclosed herein.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Compared with the existing device for testing the dynamic migration rule of the propping agent of the complex fracture system and the corresponding evaluation method, the invention provides a novel method for testing the migration rule of the propping agent in the fracture, aiming at a multi-stage complex fracture system such as a main fracture, a branch fracture, a micro fracture and the like, considering that the branch fracture and the micro fracture stop extending earlier than the main fracture in the actual fracturing construction process, installing a switch valve at the outlet of each stage of fracture for simulating the actual fracturing process, installing a pressure meter and a flowmeter, and testing the dynamic migration rule of the propping agent with the branch fracture and the micro fracture gradually closed in the fracturing process;
(2) The method can effectively solve the limitations of the existing test evaluation method, improves the coincidence degree of the simulation experiment and the actual fracturing situation, and forms a method for testing the dynamic migration rule of the propping agent in the complex fracture.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method for testing the dynamic migration rule of a complex fracture propping agent.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be noted that the following embodiments are only for further description of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and some insubstantial modifications and adjustments of the present invention by those skilled in the art from the present disclosure are still within the scope of the present invention.
In addition, the specific features described in the following embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. The various possible combinations of the invention are not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention can be made, so long as the concept of the present invention is not deviated, and the technical solution formed thereby is a part of the original disclosure of the present specification, and also falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The starting materials employed in the examples, if not particularly limited, are all those disclosed in the prior art, and are, for example, available directly or prepared according to the preparation methods disclosed in the prior art.
[ Example ]
(1) And installing a pressure gauge and a flowmeter at the inlet and outlet of each stage of cracks of the conventional complex crack proppant sand conveying experimental device. The main crack pressure gauge measuring range is 0-500KPa, and the flowmeter measuring range is 0-10m 3/h; the measuring range of the primary branch seam (branch seam) pressure gauge is 0-200KPa, and the measuring range of the flowmeter is 0-5m 3/h; the measuring range of the secondary branch seam (microcrack) pressure gauge is 0-100KPa, and the measuring range of the flowmeter is 0-3m 3/h.
(2) Setting the width of each stage of crack: the width of the main crack is 10mm, the width of the branch crack is 5mm, and the width of the micro crack is 2mm.
(3) Checking readings of each level of crack flowmeter.
(4) Preparing fracturing fluid: in the embodiment, the fracturing fluid formula is 0.2 percent of SRFP-1 thickener, 0.3 percent of SRCS-1 clay stabilizer, 0.1 percent of SRCU-1 cleanup additive and 0.12 percent of SRFC-1 cross-linking agent, and the viscosity is 24 to 27 mPas.
(5) And (3) proppant selection: in the embodiment, 40/70 mesh ceramic propping agent is selected, and the densities are respectively 1.67 multiplied by 10 3kg/m3.
(6) The experiment was started. Opening the flow meter baffles at the outlets of all three stages of cracks by 100 percent, and injecting sand-carrying fluid for 30 seconds according to the set displacement of 4m 3/h; then opening the opening of a baffle at the outlet of all branch cracks and micro cracks by 80%, and injecting sand-carrying fluid for 30s according to the set displacement of 4m 3/h; then opening the opening of a baffle at the outlet of all branch cracks and micro cracks by 60%, and injecting sand-carrying fluid for 30s according to the set displacement of 4m 3/h; opening the baffle plates at the outlets of all branch cracks and micro cracks by 40%, and injecting sand-carrying fluid for 30s according to the set displacement of 4m 3/h; then opening the opening of a baffle at the outlet of all branch cracks and micro cracks by 20%, and injecting sand-carrying fluid for 30s according to the set displacement of 4m 3/h; and then closing the baffle plates at the outlets of all the branch cracks and the micro cracks, and injecting the sand-carrying fluid for 30 seconds according to the set displacement of 4m 3/h.
(7) Opening the opening of the flow meter baffle at the outlet and inlet of all three-stage cracks by 100 percent, and injecting sand-carrying fluid for 180 seconds according to the set displacement of 4m 3/h.
(8) And (3) finishing the experiment, flushing the complex crack system device with clear water, and recording experimental data.
The invention has been described in detail in connection with the specific embodiments and exemplary examples thereof, but such description is not to be construed as limiting the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for testing the dynamic migration rule of a complex fracture propping agent comprises the following steps:
(1) Installing pressure gauges and flow meters at the outlet and inlet of all three-stage cracks, wherein the three-stage cracks comprise main cracks, branch cracks and micro cracks;
(2) Similarity analysis of experimental parameters; carrying out injection parameter design by using dynamic similarity;
(3) Correcting the check coefficient of the fracturing fluid flow rate under different viscosities and different displacements;
(4) Gradually reducing the liquid feeding speed of each branch crack and each micro crack in the test process until the injection is stopped; gradually smaller baffle opening degrees are arranged at the outlets of the branch cracks and the micro cracks so as to control the liquid inlet speed;
in the step (4), the injection time of the opening of the baffle at the outlet of each branch crack and the opening of the outlet of each micro crack respectively takes 10-20% of the total injection time according to the total injection time of 100%, and the opening of the baffle at the outlet of each branch crack and the opening of the outlet of each micro crack are respectively and independently set to be 100% -80% -60% -40% -20% -0% in turn; the pressure gauge is arranged in place corresponding to the flowmeter; corresponding pressures and flows at the inlet and outlet of all three-stage cracks are recorded, and dynamic migration and sedimentation processes of propping agents in cracks with different dimensions are shot, so that real-time and post-analysis can be performed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the maximum pressure and flow through the main, branch and micro-cracks is up to 70% -80% of the corresponding range of the manometer and flowmeter, respectively.
3. The test method according to claim 1, wherein,
The linear speed in the design test is 90% -110% of the linear speed in the actual construction; and/or
The width of the three-stage cracks is designed to be 3-6 times of the average particle size of proppants with different particle sizes.
4. The test method according to claim 1, wherein step (4) comprises the sub-steps of:
(4-1) opening the flow meter baffle plates at the outlets of all three stages of cracks by 100%, and injecting according to 16.7% of the total injection time of the designed sand-carrying fluid stage;
(4-2) opening the opening of the baffle at the outlets of all branch cracks and micro cracks by 80%, and injecting according to 16.7% of the total injection time of the designed sand-carrying fluid stage;
(4-3) opening the opening of the baffle at the outlets of all branch cracks and micro cracks by 60 percent, and injecting according to 16.7 percent of the total injection time of the designed sand-carrying fluid stage;
(4-4) opening the opening of the baffle at the outlet of all the branch cracks and the micro cracks by 40%, and injecting according to 16.7% of the total injection time of the designed sand-carrying fluid stage;
(4-5) opening the opening of the baffle at the outlets of all branch cracks and micro cracks by 20%, and injecting according to 16.7% of the total injection time of the designed sand-carrying fluid stage;
(4-6) closing the baffle plates at the outlets of all branch cracks and micro cracks, and injecting according to 10-20% and 16.7% of the total injection time of the designed sand-carrying fluid stage;
wherein the total injection time of the steps (4-1) to (4-6) is 100%.
5. The test method of claim 1, wherein step (4') is performed prior to step (4):
(4') preparation of fracturing fluids with different viscosities, and selection of proppants with different types and particle sizes.
6. The test method of claim 1, wherein the following test is performed before or after step (4): and (3) always keeping the opening of the baffle at the outlet of the three-stage crack to be 100%, injecting according to the design requirement, and comparing the result with the corresponding result of the step (4).
7. The test method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein steps (5) to (6) are performed after step (4):
(5) After the experiment is finished, washing the complex crack system device with clear water;
(6) Recording the whole experiment original data, analyzing the experiment and comparing the analysis results, and recording the results into a computer storage disk.
8. Use of the method for testing the dynamic migration law of a complex fracture proppant as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7 in fracturing design.
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