CN111502627A - Hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack experimental device and experimental method thereof - Google Patents
Hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack experimental device and experimental method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111502627A CN111502627A CN202010313213.5A CN202010313213A CN111502627A CN 111502627 A CN111502627 A CN 111502627A CN 202010313213 A CN202010313213 A CN 202010313213A CN 111502627 A CN111502627 A CN 111502627A
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001651 Cyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004830 Super Glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
A hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack experimental device and an experimental method thereof belong to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing equipment. The experimental device comprises video monitoring equipment and the following equipment which are sequentially connected by a pipeline: the system comprises a stirring tank, a pump, a flowmeter, a T-shaped crack simulation device and a recovery tank; the T-shaped crack simulation device is transparent and hollow, a plurality of liquid inlets are formed in one side of the T-shaped section of the T-shaped crack simulation device, and a plurality of liquid outlets are formed in the other side of the T-shaped section of the T-shaped crack simulation device; the fracturing fluid and the propping agent are stirred in the stirring tank to form a sand-carrying fluid, the sand-carrying fluid is conveyed by a pump, enters a liquid inlet of the T-shaped crack simulation device after passing through a flowmeter, flows out of the liquid outlet after flowing through the T-shaped crack simulation device, and enters a recovery tank; the video monitoring equipment shoots the whole process that the sand-carrying liquid flows through the T-shaped crack simulation device. The invention can study the migration rule of the proppant in the T-shaped seam and analyze the influence of various working condition parameters on the movement and sedimentation of the proppant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing equipment, and relates to a hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack experimental device and an experimental method thereof.
Background
At present, the shale oil and gas exploration and development strength is increased domestically, and the hydraulic fracturing technology also becomes a key technology for shale oil and gas development. The hydraulic fracturing is to utilize a ground high-pressure pump set to inject fracturing fluid into a well with a discharge capacity greatly exceeding the stratum absorption capacity, hold high pressure at the bottom of the well to crush the stratum, further inject fracturing fluid carrying proppant, and form sand-filled cracks with certain geometric dimension and flow conductivity in the stratum near the bottom of the well so as to achieve the purpose of increasing the yield. Due to different reservoir stratum ground stress, the cracks formed in the stratum are different in shape, and have vertical seams, horizontal seams and complex seam nets, and T-shaped seams or inverse T-shaped seams can be formed under the influence of bedding. The sedimentation of the propping agent is related to the flow rate of the sand-carrying fluid, and the migration rules of the sand-carrying fluid in the fractures with different shapes are different. At present, the migration rule of the proppant in the vertical seam is researched at home and abroad, and the research on the migration rule of the proppant in the T-shaped seam is ignored. People urgently need a hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack experimental device and an experimental method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The fracturing fluid type and flow rate have a significant impact on proppant transport. At present, slickwater is mostly adopted as fracturing fluid in China, the viscosity is about 3 mPa.s, the sand carrying capacity is weak, and the sand carrying is mainly carried out by depending on large discharge. The construction with large discharge capacity can form a main crack in a stratum, the middle layer of a shale oil-gas reservoir is obvious in haircut, the extending direction of the hydraulic crack can be influenced by the existence of bedding in the hydraulic fracturing process, when the bedding is weak in development, the hydraulic crack can penetrate the bedding to continue to extend, and the width of the hydraulic crack can be influenced by the loss of fracturing fluid into the bedding; when the bedding development is strong, the hydraulic fracture cannot extend through the bedding and the fracturing fluid can only move along the bedding surface, so that a T-shaped fracture or an inverse T-shaped fracture or an I-shaped fracture can be formed. At present, vertical seams and a small amount of inclined seams are adopted for proppant migration research, and the migration rule of the proppant in the T-shaped seams is not researched. Therefore, the invention designs the T-shaped fracture experimental device and the experimental method thereof, can study the migration rule of the proppant in the T-shaped fracture, can analyze the influence of different injection ports, the particle size of the proppant and the injection speed, fills the blank of the research of the proppant in the horizontal fracture at home and abroad, and increases the knowledge of the migration rule of the proppant in the T-shaped fracture.
The utility model provides a hydraulic fracturing T type crack experimental apparatus which characterized in that, includes video monitoring equipment and the following equipment that connects gradually with the pipeline: the system comprises a stirring tank, a pump, a flowmeter, a T-shaped crack simulation device and a recovery tank; the T-shaped crack simulation device is transparent and hollow, a plurality of liquid inlets are formed in one side of the T-shaped section of the T-shaped crack simulation device, and a plurality of liquid outlets are formed in the other side of the T-shaped section of the T-shaped crack simulation device; the fracturing fluid and the propping agent are stirred in the stirring tank to form a sand-carrying fluid, the sand-carrying fluid is conveyed by a pump, enters a liquid inlet of the T-shaped crack simulation device after passing through a flowmeter, flows out of the liquid outlet after flowing through the T-shaped crack simulation device, and enters a recovery tank; the video monitoring equipment shoots the whole process that the sand-carrying liquid flows through the T-shaped crack simulation device.
Further, a ball valve is arranged between the stirring tank and the pump, and a ball valve is arranged between the flowmeter and the T-shaped crack simulation device.
Furthermore, the video monitoring equipment has two, one shoots T type crack analogue means side, and another shoots T type crack analogue means top surface.
Furthermore, working lamps are arranged around the T-shaped crack simulation device, so that sufficient shooting illumination of the video monitoring equipment is ensured.
Furthermore, the fracturing fluid or the propping agent is colored, so that the flowing process of the sand-carrying fluid in the T-shaped fracture simulation device is more visual.
Further, the T-shaped crack simulation device is made of a transparent acrylic plate.
Further, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the T-shaped crack simulation device can be partially or completely opened or closed.
According to the hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack experimental device, the flowing process of the sand-carrying liquid in the transparent T-shaped crack simulation device is shot through the video monitoring equipment, and the movement and sedimentation process videos of the propping agents in the sand-carrying liquid in the T-shaped crack simulation device are subjected to image processing, analysis and calculation, so that the movement rule of the propping agents in the sand-carrying liquid in the T-shaped crack can be researched and simulated. Meanwhile, the hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack experimental device provided by the invention can simulate various hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack working conditions by changing experimental parameters such as fracturing fluid, propping agent, sand carrying fluid flow, opening and closing states of a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the T-shaped crack simulation device, the size of the T-shaped crack simulation device, the path and the size of a hollow channel of the T-shaped crack simulation device and the like (changing the size of the T-shaped crack simulation device, the path and the size of the hollow channel of the T-shaped crack simulation device and directly realizing the change of different T-shaped crack simulation devices), and provides reference and basis for hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack construction.
A hydraulic fracturing T-shaped fracture experimental method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining the size of the T-shaped crack simulation device and the path and size of a hollow channel of the T-shaped crack simulation device according to experimental design parameters;
(2) filling the T-shaped crack simulation device with water;
(3) determining the opening and closing states of a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the T-shaped crack simulation device according to experimental design parameters;
(4) preparing sand carrying liquid with corresponding concentration in a stirring tank according to experimental design parameters;
(5) after the preparation of the sand-carrying liquid is finished, a pump is used for pumping according to the experimental design flow, and the sand-carrying liquid enters a liquid inlet of the T-shaped crack simulation device through a flowmeter; after the sand-carrying liquid enters the T-shaped crack simulation device, the propping agent in the T-shaped crack simulation device moves and settles, and finally the sand-carrying liquid flows out of the liquid outlet and enters the recovery tank;
(6) shooting the whole process of the sand-carrying liquid flowing through the T-shaped crack simulation device by using video monitoring equipment;
(7) carrying out image processing, analysis and calculation on videos of the movement and sedimentation processes of the propping agents in the sand-carrying liquid in the T-shaped fracture simulation device;
(8) changing the experimental design parameters, and repeating the steps (1) to (7).
The migration and sedimentation rule of the proppant in the T-shaped crack can be researched by the method, and the parameter sensitivity can be researched by changing the experimental design parameters.
The method can study the migration rule of the proppant in the T-shaped seam, analyze the influence of various working condition parameters on the movement and the settlement of the proppant, fill the blank of the study of the proppant in the T-shaped seam at home and abroad, and increase the knowledge of the movement and the settlement rule of the proppant in the T-shaped seam.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a T-shaped crack experimental apparatus.
Reference numerals: 1-stirring tank, 2-ball valve, 3-pump, 4-flowmeter, 5-video monitoring equipment, 6-T type crack simulation device, 7-recovery tank and 8-working lamp.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, a hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack experimental device comprises a stirring tank 1, a pump 3, a flow meter 4, a T-shaped crack simulation device 6 and a recovery tank 7 which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, wherein a ball valve 2 is arranged between the stirring tank 1 and the pump 3, and the ball valve 2 is arranged between the flow meter 4 and the T-shaped crack simulation device 6. Video monitoring equipment 5 is respectively arranged above and on the side of the T-shaped crack simulation device 6, and working lamps 8 are arranged around the T-shaped crack simulation device 6. The T-shaped crack simulation device 6 is transparent and hollow and is made of a transparent acrylic plate, one side of the T-shaped section of the T-shaped crack simulation device 6 is provided with a plurality of liquid inlets, and the other side of the T-shaped section of the T-shaped crack simulation device 6 is provided with a plurality of liquid outlets.
The fracturing fluid and the propping agent are stirred in the stirring tank 1 to form sand-carrying fluid, the sand-carrying fluid is conveyed by a pump 3, enters a liquid inlet of a T-shaped crack simulation device 6 after passing through a flow meter 4, flows out of the liquid outlet after flowing through the T-shaped crack simulation device 6, and enters a recovery tank 7; the video monitoring equipment 5 shoots the whole process that the sand-carrying liquid flows through the T-shaped crack simulation device.
According to the hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack experimental device, the flowing process of the sand-carrying liquid in the transparent T-shaped crack simulation device is shot through the video monitoring equipment, and the movement and sedimentation process videos of the propping agents in the sand-carrying liquid in the T-shaped crack simulation device are subjected to image processing, analysis and calculation, so that the movement rule of the propping agents in the sand-carrying liquid in the T-shaped crack can be researched and simulated. Meanwhile, the hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack experimental device provided by the invention can simulate various hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack working conditions by changing experimental parameters such as fracturing fluid, propping agent, sand carrying fluid flow, opening and closing states of a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the T-shaped crack simulation device, the size of the T-shaped crack simulation device, the path and the size of a hollow channel of the T-shaped crack simulation device and the like (changing the size of the T-shaped crack simulation device, the path and the size of the hollow channel of the T-shaped crack simulation device and directly realizing the change of different T-shaped crack simulation devices), and provides reference and basis for hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack construction.
Example 1
A hydraulic fracturing T-shaped fracture experimental device is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following parts: the device comprises a stirring tank 1, a ball valve 2, a pump 3, a flow meter 4, a video monitoring device 5, a T-shaped crack simulation device 6, a recovery tank 7 and a working lamp 8. The T-shaped crack simulation device (6) is made of a transparent acrylic plate, is pressed by super glue to prevent liquid leakage, is manufactured by zooming 50 times according to site construction conditions, and has the specific size of 1.219m long, 0.3048m high and 0.00762m wide, and the T-shaped crack simulation device (6) is provided with four liquid inlets and five liquid outlets, so that the design scheme of selecting different liquid inlets and liquid outlets is met, and unnecessary inlets and outlets can be plugged in an experiment. The liquid inlets have the diameter of 0.0127m and are uniformly distributed at intervals of 0.0762 m. The liquid outlet distributes on T type crack upper portion, and the top export is the pressure release point, prevents that analogue means from holding back the pressure, reduces analogue means fracture and the probability of explosion. In addition, another reason for the upper distribution of the liquid outlet is to reduce the boundary influence in the experiment and reduce the proppant flowing out of the simulation device to the maximum extent.
The experimental process for researching the migration rule of the propping agent by using the T-shaped fracture simulation device is as follows:
① the side outlet of the T-shaped crack simulator 6 is closed, the top outlet is opened, and the whole process is emptied until the water is full, but the pressure is prevented from being held.
② proppant concentration of 240kg/m was made in 20L stirred tank 13The sand-carrying liquid.
③ the sand-carrying liquid is prepared, and then the pump 3 is used to pump according to the designed discharge capacity, and the discharge capacity is controlled by the flowmeter 4 and the ball valve 2.
④ the proppant in the carrier fluid will migrate and settle in the T-fracture simulator 6.
⑤ the video monitoring device 5 is used to continuously record the movement and sedimentation process of the propping agent in the T-shaped crack simulation device 6 during the sand-carrying liquid pumping process, wherein one part monitors the side view angle and the other part monitors the upper view angle, and the working lamp 8 provides illumination for video monitoring.
⑥ the sand-carrying liquid flows out of the T-shaped crack simulator 6 and then enters the recovery tank 7.
Different quantities of liquid inlets can be designed in the experiment, sand-carrying liquids with different proppant particle sizes are prepared, and the degree of opening and closing of the ball valve is adjusted to analyze the influence of different injection ports, the proppant particle sizes and the injection speed.
And after the experiment is finished, processing and analyzing the video monitoring record by using video analysis software, converting an original color image into a gray image, measuring the area occupied by the proppant by using a threshold value method, and determining areas with different threshold values according to the pixel density. The region where the proppant settling layer is located is a region with high pixel density, the proppant suspending region is a region with medium pixel density, and the region without proppant is a region without gray scale response.
The hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack experimental device provided by the invention runs stably and reliably in an experiment, and the influence of the particle size of the propping agent, the injection speed, the liquid inlet selection and the like on the migration rule of the propping agent is analyzed through the experiment. Some experimental results are as follows:
(1) the particle size is the most important factor influencing the laying of the proppant, and compared with 40/70-mesh or 30/50-mesh proppant, 100-mesh proppant has the largest coverage area in horizontal bedding and vertical seams and is less prone to sedimentation;
(2) for T-shaped fractures, the larger the particle size of the proppant is, the more difficult the proppant is to enter horizontal strata, and the proppant can enter horizontal strata to transport only after the height of the sand bridge exceeds the height of the vertical fractures;
(3) for T-shaped cracks, the higher the injection speed, the more difficult the proppant is to settle, and the proppant can only settle and lay in vertical cracks and cannot enter horizontal stratification;
(4) for T-shaped fractures, the fluid inlet selection has little effect on proppant migration and can be ignored.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a hydraulic fracturing T type crack experimental apparatus which characterized in that, includes video monitoring equipment and the following equipment that connects gradually with the pipeline: the system comprises a stirring tank, a pump, a flowmeter, a T-shaped crack simulation device and a recovery tank; the T-shaped crack simulation device is transparent and hollow, a plurality of liquid inlets are formed in one side of the T-shaped section of the T-shaped crack simulation device, and a plurality of liquid outlets are formed in the other side of the T-shaped section of the T-shaped crack simulation device; the fracturing fluid and the propping agent are stirred in the stirring tank to form a sand-carrying fluid, the sand-carrying fluid is conveyed by a pump, enters a liquid inlet of the T-shaped crack simulation device after passing through a flowmeter, flows out of the liquid outlet after flowing through the T-shaped crack simulation device, and enters a recovery tank; the video monitoring equipment shoots the whole process that the sand-carrying liquid flows through the T-shaped crack simulation device.
2. The hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack experimental facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein a ball valve is arranged between the stirring tank and the pump, and a ball valve is arranged between the flow meter and the T-shaped crack simulation facility.
3. The hydraulic fracturing T-shaped fracture experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the video monitoring equipment has two sets, one set shoots the side surface of the T-shaped fracture simulation device, and the other set shoots the top surface of the T-shaped fracture simulation device.
4. The hydraulic fracturing T-shaped crack experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein working lamps are arranged around the T-shaped crack simulation device to ensure sufficient lighting for video monitoring equipment.
5. The hydraulic fracturing T-shaped fracture experimental device of claim 1, wherein the fracturing fluid or the propping agent is colored, so that the flowing process of the sand-carrying fluid in the T-shaped fracture simulation device is more visual.
6. The hydraulic fracturing T-shaped fracture experimental device of claim 1, wherein the T-shaped fracture simulation device is made of transparent acrylic plates.
7. The hydraulic fracturing T-shaped fracture experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the T-shaped fracture simulation device can be partially or completely opened or closed.
8. A hydraulic fracturing T-shaped fracture experimental method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining the size of the T-shaped crack simulation device and the path and size of a hollow channel of the T-shaped crack simulation device according to experimental design parameters;
(2) filling the T-shaped crack simulation device with water;
(3) determining the opening and closing states of a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the T-shaped crack simulation device according to experimental design parameters;
(4) preparing sand carrying liquid with corresponding concentration in a stirring tank according to experimental design parameters;
(5) after the preparation of the sand-carrying liquid is finished, a pump is used for pumping according to the experimental design flow, and the sand-carrying liquid enters a liquid inlet of the T-shaped crack simulation device through a flowmeter; after the sand-carrying liquid enters the T-shaped crack simulation device, the propping agent in the T-shaped crack simulation device moves and settles, and finally the sand-carrying liquid flows out of the liquid outlet and enters the recovery tank;
(6) shooting the whole process of the sand-carrying liquid flowing through the T-shaped crack simulation device by using video monitoring equipment;
(7) carrying out image processing, analysis and calculation on videos of the movement and sedimentation processes of the propping agents in the sand-carrying liquid in the T-shaped fracture simulation device;
(8) changing the experimental design parameters, and repeating the steps (1) to (7).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114622888A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-06-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Complex fracture proppant dynamic migration rule testing method and application thereof |
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