CN114622116B - Aluminum alloy part and manufacturing process thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy part and manufacturing process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114622116B CN114622116B CN202210289983.XA CN202210289983A CN114622116B CN 114622116 B CN114622116 B CN 114622116B CN 202210289983 A CN202210289983 A CN 202210289983A CN 114622116 B CN114622116 B CN 114622116B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy part and a manufacturing process thereof, wherein the manufacturing process comprises the following steps: s1, preparing molten metal with set alloy components; s2, casting in a set mould to obtain a casting piece; s3, preserving the temperature of the casting at 533-543 ℃ for a first set time, and then performing room-temperature water quenching; and S4, keeping the temperature of the mixture at 95-105 ℃ for a second set time, keeping the temperature of the mixture at 135-145 ℃ for a third set time, and keeping the temperature of the mixture at 155-165 ℃ for a fourth set time. The performance of the aluminum alloy piece obtained by the manufacturing process is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of casting, in particular to an aluminum alloy part and a manufacturing process thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy casting has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength and the like, so the aluminum alloy casting is widely applied to the industries of aviation, aerospace, weapons, high-speed rail and the like.
Taking a magnetic suspension train as an example, the bracket is an important part on a chassis of the magnetic suspension train, and the dead weight of the train can be reduced and the manufacturing cost can be reduced by adopting a high-performance aluminum alloy integral casting, so that the bracket produced by adopting an aluminum alloy casting process is one of the main research contents of railway workers at home and abroad. The trailing arm is a medium-stressed member, which is required to have high casting quality. However, the bracket arm has a large wall thickness (the average wall thickness is 15mm-25mm, and the maximum thickness can reach 35 mm), is a large-wall-thickness casting, and causes great casting difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy piece and a manufacturing process thereof, wherein the performance of the aluminum alloy piece obtained by the manufacturing process is better.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a manufacturing process of an aluminum alloy part, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing molten metal with set alloy components; s2, casting in a set mould to obtain a casting piece; s3, preserving the temperature of the casting at 533-543 ℃ for a first set time, and then performing room-temperature water quenching; and S4, keeping the temperature of the mixture at 95-105 ℃ for a second set time, keeping the temperature of the mixture at 135-145 ℃ for a third set time, and keeping the temperature of the mixture at 155-165 ℃ for a fourth set time.
Optionally, the first set time is 14h to 16h, the second set time is 1.5h to 2.5h, the third set time is 1.5h to 2.5h, and the fourth set time is 3.5h to 4.5h.
Optionally, the set alloy composition includes strontium, calcium, and hafnium.
Optionally, the weight percentages of the strontium, the calcium, and the hafnium are less than 0.15%.
Optionally, the alloy composition is specifically: silicon: 6% -6.5%, magnesium: 0.4% -0.45%, titanium: 0.1% -0.15%, strontium: 0.01% -0.02%, calcium: 0.05-0.10%, hafnium: 0.1% -0.13%, boron: 0.001% -0.003%, impurities not more than 0.08%, and the balance of aluminum.
Optionally, the step S2 is specifically to perform casting under a cooling condition.
Optionally, the cooling condition is dry ice chilling.
Optionally, the step S1 specifically includes: s11, heating the smelting furnace to 300-400 ℃, and keeping the temperature for a fifth set time; step S12, putting metals of set types into the smelting furnace for smelting, raising the temperature of the furnace to 790-810 ℃, and preserving the temperature for sixth set time; step S13, after the set metal is completely melted, stirring for a seventh set time; s14, controlling the temperature of the furnace to be reduced to 710-720 ℃, adding magnesium, and stirring for eighth set time; and S15, performing a degassing and deslagging step to obtain the molten metal.
Optionally, the step S15 specifically includes the following steps: step S151, adding a first set amount of refining agent and stirring for a ninth set time; step S152, adding a second set amount of refining agent and stirring for a tenth set time; step S153, inert gas injection is carried out; in step S154, stokehole component analysis is performed, and the sample is left for the eleventh set time.
Optionally, the set species of metal comprises pure aluminum, alSi 12 、AlTi 4 B、AlSr 4 、AlCa 2 And AlHf 2 。
The invention also provides an aluminum alloy part, which is prepared by the manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy part.
Optionally, the aluminium alloy piece is a trailing arm for a magnetic levitation train.
The aluminum alloy part and the manufacturing process thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. compound modification: by adopting the multi-element composite modified elements, the eutectic silicon tissue can be effectively spheroidized, refined and spheroidized, and the comprehensive performance of the eutectic silicon modified material is more excellent than that of a single modified element; and by reducing the content of the strontium element, the air suction of the melt is effectively reduced, and the formation of pinholes is inhibited;
2. chilling casting: the method of chilling with dry ice is adopted, so that chilling of the casting is enhanced, the grain structure is refined strongly, and the safety risk is avoided;
3. and (3) heat treatment: performing hot and cold circulation treatment and stepped aging treatment from low temperature to high temperature on the casting, effectively homogenizing cast structure, and enhancing precipitation strengthening effect of an aging precipitated phase;
4. the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy part can be greater than or equal to 350MPa, the yield strength can be greater than or equal to 300MPa, and the elongation can be greater than or equal to 14%; the mechanical property is improved by nearly 40 percent compared with the standard value in GB1173, and the improvement effect is obvious; the internal quality of the formed aluminum alloy part meets the A-grade requirement of an ASTME 155I casting, and the qualification rate of a cast product can reach more than 95%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a manufacturing process of an aluminum alloy part provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed flowchart of step S1 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of an aluminum alloy part produced by using a set mold.
The reference numerals in fig. 3 are explained as follows:
1 casting mould, 2 chilling blocks, 3 copper pipes, 4 castings and 5 dry ice.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, herein are used for convenience in describing two or more structures or components that are identical or similar in structure and/or function and do not denote any particular limitation in order and/or importance.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1-3, fig. 1 is a flow chart of a manufacturing process of an aluminum alloy part according to the present invention, fig. 2 is a detailed flow chart of step S1 in fig. 1, and fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum alloy part produced by using a set mold.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a manufacturing process of an aluminum alloy part, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing molten metal with set alloy components; s2, casting in a set mould to obtain a casting piece; s3, preserving the temperature of the casting for a first set time under the condition of 533-543 ℃ (specifically under 538 ℃), and then performing room-temperature water quenching; and S4, keeping the temperature of the mixture at 95-105 ℃ (specifically at 100 ℃) for a second set time, keeping the temperature of the mixture at 135-145 ℃ (specifically at 140 ℃) for a third set time, and keeping the temperature of the mixture at 155-165 ℃ (specifically at 160 ℃) for a fourth set time.
Different from the prior art, the manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy part provided by the invention can be used for carrying out heat treatment at 533-543 ℃, cold treatment of water quenching at room temperature and step aging treatment from low temperature to high temperature after obtaining the casting part, can effectively homogenize the as-cast structure, and strengthens the precipitation strengthening effect of an aging precipitated phase, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy part can be improved, and the aluminum alloy part can meet the application requirements under specific application scenes, such as the strength requirement when the aluminum alloy part is used as a supporting arm of a magnetic suspension train.
Here, the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the specific values of the first setting time, the second setting time, the third setting time, and the fourth setting time, and in practical applications, a person skilled in the art can set the setting according to actual needs. As an exemplary illustration, the first set time may be between 14h and 16h, and specifically may be 15h; the second set time can be between 1.5h and 2.5h, and specifically can be 2h; the third set time can be between 1.5h and 2.5h, and specifically can be 2h; the fourth setting time may be between 3.5h and 4.5h, and specifically may be 4h.
Meanwhile, the embodiment of the invention does not limit the setting of the specific components of the alloy components, and in practical application, the technical personnel in the field can set the components according to the actual requirements.
In some alternative embodiments, the alloy composition may include three complex metamorphic elements of strontium, calcium, and hafnium. Compared with the traditional single composite modified element, the embodiment of the invention adopts more composite modified elements, can effectively spheroidize and refine crystal grains through the combined action of the multiple composite modified elements, can spheroidize eutectic silicon tissues, and is beneficial to the finally formed aluminum alloy part to obtain more excellent comprehensive performance.
The percentage contents of the strontium, calcium and hafnium elements can be configured according to the requirement, and are not specifically limited herein. As a preferable scheme, the weight percentage of the strontium, the calcium and the hafnium can be less than 0.15 percent so as to reduce the usage amount of the composite modified elements; especially, the reduction of strontium element can effectively reduce the air suction of the melt, inhibit the formation of pinholes and further ensure the structural compactness of the aluminum alloy piece so as to ensure the strength.
More specifically, the alloy components set as above may be: silicon: 6-6.5%, magnesium: 0.4% -0.45%, titanium: 0.1% -0.15%, strontium: 0.01% -0.02%, calcium: 0.05% -0.10%, hafnium: 0.1% -0.13%, boron: 0.001% -0.003%, impurities not more than 0.08%, and the balance of aluminum. The percentages are given by weight. Tests prove that the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy part formed by the molten metal with the set alloy components is better, and the aluminum alloy part is a preferable scheme of the embodiment of the invention.
The specific step of obtaining the molten metal of the above-mentioned set alloy composition may not be limited, that is, the specific process of step S1 may not be limited as long as the molten metal of the set alloy composition can be obtained.
In some optional embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, step S1 may specifically include steps S11 to S15 described below.
And step S11, heating the furnace to 300-400 ℃, and preserving heat for a fifth set time to maintain the temperature of the furnace body.
And S12, putting the set type of metal into a smelting furnace for smelting, wherein the percentage content of the metal such as silicon, titanium, strontium, calcium and the like is ensured to meet the set alloy component requirement, and then raising the temperature of the furnace to 790-810 ℃ and keeping the temperature for sixth set time.
The metal of the set kind can be set by those skilled in the art according to actual needs as long as the content of each element is ensured, and the metal is not specifically limited herein. As an exemplary illustration, the set of metals may include pure aluminum, alSi 12 、AlTi 4 B、AlSr 4 、AlCa 2 And AlHf 2 。
And step S13, stirring for a seventh set time after the set metal is completely melted.
And S14, controlling the temperature of the furnace to be reduced to 710-720 ℃, adding magnesium, and stirring for eighth set time. Compared with other metals, magnesium is a metal easy to oxidize and burn, and the oxidation and burn of magnesium can be reduced by adding magnesium at a relatively low temperature.
Step S15, a degassing and deslagging step is performed to remove gas and slag as much as possible, and then the molten metal of the above-mentioned set alloy composition can be obtained.
The degassing and deslagging step mainly depends on a refining agent and inert gas blowing. The type of the refining agent can be configured according to the needs, as an exemplary illustration, the refining agent can be titanium dioxide and carbon chloride, and the proportion of the titanium dioxide and the carbon chloride can be 2:5; the addition amount of the refining agent can be between 0.5 and 0.7 percent (weight ratio); the refining agent can be added all at once or added in batches, so that the dosage of the refining agent can be adjusted according to the detection result.
As an exemplary illustration, as shown in fig. 2, the foregoing step S15 may specifically include the following steps: step S151, adding a first set amount of refining agent and stirring for a ninth set time; step S152, adding a second set amount of refining agent and stirring for a tenth set time; step S153, inert gas injection is carried out; in step S154, stokehole component analysis is performed, and the sample is left for the eleventh set time.
The specific values of the fifth to eleventh setting times and the first and second setting amounts are not limited, and in practical applications, those skilled in the art can set the values according to specific needs. As an exemplary illustration, the fifth setting time may be between 20min and 30min, and specifically may be 25min; the sixth set time can be 1.2h-1.8h, and specifically can be 1.5h; the seventh setting time may be between 10min and 14min, specifically 12min; the eighth setting time may be between 4min and 6min, specifically 5min; the first set amount may be between 0.25% and 0.35%, and may be 3%; the ninth setting time can be 12min-18min, specifically 15min; the second set amount may be between 0.06% and 0.1%, and specifically may be 0.08%; the tenth setting time may be between 4min and 6min, specifically 5min; the eleventh setting time may be 18min to 22min, specifically 20min.
In some alternative embodiments, the step S2 may be specifically a casting under a cooling condition. Therefore, the cooling speed of a specific part can be improved, for example, the cooling speed of a thick part can be improved, so that a reasonable temperature gradient can be established at the thick part of the casting, the metallurgical quality of the casting at the thick part can be ensured, and the performance of the casting can be improved.
In detail, the cooling condition may be dry ice chilling to enhance the chilling effect of the casting, so as to refine the grain structure strongly and avoid the safety risk. In addition to the dry ice chilling scheme, the embodiment of the invention can also select the scheme of adopting the circulating water chilling.
To facilitate a better understanding of the process of dry ice chilling, the following embodiments of the present invention may also describe the operation of dry ice chilling in conjunction with figure 3.
As shown in fig. 3, the casting of the aluminum alloy piece is performed in a molding chill which comprises a casting mold 1 and a chill 2, both of which are provided with hollow passages; after the shaping of the shaping chill is finished, the hollow copper tube 3 can be inserted into the hollow channel; during casting, dry ice 5 (or circulating water) may be introduced into the copper pipe 3 to chill the cast 5 during its formation. The position of the hollow channel may correspond to the thick portion of the aluminum alloy member, which is specifically related to the type and structural form of the aluminum alloy member, and may not be specifically limited herein.
It should be noted that the above description of the implementation of the dry ice chilling process during casting is only an exemplary illustration of the embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the implementation of the manufacturing process provided by the present invention, and in fact, in specific practice, it is entirely possible to implement dry ice chilling by using components in other forms or materials; for example, the copper pipe 3 may be replaced with a metal pipe of another material, and the chiller 2 may be replaced with another metal material as long as the casting production of the aluminum alloy member is not affected.
Through tests, the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation of the aluminum alloy part obtained by the manufacturing process can be more than or equal to 350MPa, 300MPa and 14 percent respectively; the mechanical property is improved by nearly 40% compared with the standard value in GB1173, and the improvement effect is obvious; the internal quality of the formed aluminum alloy part meets the A-grade requirement of an ASTME 155I casting, and the qualification rate of a cast product can reach more than 95%.
Example two
The present invention also provides an aluminum alloy member produced by the process for producing an aluminum alloy member according to each embodiment of the first embodiment.
Since the manufacturing process in the first embodiment has the above technical effects, the aluminum alloy part produced by using the manufacturing process also has similar technical effects, and will not be described herein again.
The aluminum alloy part can be a supporting arm for a magnetic suspension train, and can also be a product applied to other fields, namely, the specific product type can not be limited.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy part is characterized in that the aluminum alloy part is a supporting arm for a magnetic suspension train, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing molten metal with set alloy components;
s2, casting in a set mould to obtain a casting piece;
s3, preserving the temperature of the casting at 533-543 ℃ for a first set time, and then performing room-temperature water quenching;
s4, keeping the temperature of the mixture at 95-105 ℃ for a second set time, at 135-145 ℃ for a third set time, and at 155-165 ℃ for a fourth set time;
the step S2 is specifically to carry out casting under a cooling condition, wherein the cooling condition is dry ice chilling or circulating water chilling;
the first set time is 14-16 h, the second set time is 1.5-2.5 h, the third set time is 1.5-2.5 h, and the fourth set time is 3.5-4.5 h;
the set alloy components are specifically as follows: silicon: 6-6.5%, magnesium: 0.4% -0.45%, titanium: 0.1% -0.15%, strontium: 0.01% -0.02%, calcium: 0.05% -0.10%, hafnium: 0.1% -0.13%, boron: 0.001% -0.003%, impurities not more than 0.08%, and the balance of aluminum.
2. The manufacturing process of an aluminum alloy part according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 specifically comprises:
s11, heating the smelting furnace to 300-400 ℃, and keeping the temperature for a fifth set time;
step S12, putting metals of set types into the smelting furnace for smelting, raising the temperature of the furnace to 790-810 ℃, and preserving the temperature for sixth set time;
step S13, after the set type of metal is completely melted, stirring for a seventh set time;
s14, controlling the temperature of the furnace to be reduced to 710-720 ℃, adding magnesium, and stirring for eighth set time;
and S15, performing a degassing and deslagging step to obtain the molten metal.
3. A process for manufacturing an aluminium alloy part according to claim 2, wherein step S15 comprises in particular the steps of:
step S151, adding a first set amount of refining agent and stirring for a ninth set time;
step S152, adding a second set amount of refining agent, and stirring for a tenth set time;
step S153, inert gas injection is carried out;
in step S154, stokehole component analysis is performed, and the sample is left for the eleventh set time.
4. A process for manufacturing an aluminium alloy part according to claim 2, wherein the set type of metal comprises pure aluminium, alSi 12 、AlTi 4 B、AlSr 4 、AlCa 2 And AlHf 2 。
5. An aluminium alloy part produced by a process for the production of an aluminium alloy part according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the aluminium alloy part is a trailing arm for a magnetic levitation vehicle.
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| CN100476000C (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2009-04-08 | 郑州大学 | Aluminium alloy model fine crystal aluminium ingot for wheel hub and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101966575B (en) * | 2010-11-13 | 2012-08-08 | 河南理工大学 | Process for casting aluminum alloy wheel and heat treatment process |
| JP2015045033A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-03-12 | 日信工業株式会社 | Aluminum alloy casting |
| CN108531754B (en) * | 2017-03-04 | 2020-04-17 | 河北立中有色金属集团有限公司 | High-conductivity cast aluminum alloy |
| CN108396204B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-12-27 | 淮海工学院 | Hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy casting and process method for improving performance thereof |
| CN111074111A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-28 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | High-strength cast aluminum-silicon alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN112522554A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-19 | 保定市立中车轮制造有限公司 | Rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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