CN101966575B - Process for casting aluminum alloy wheel and heat treatment process - Google Patents

Process for casting aluminum alloy wheel and heat treatment process Download PDF

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CN101966575B
CN101966575B CN2010105421329A CN201010542132A CN101966575B CN 101966575 B CN101966575 B CN 101966575B CN 2010105421329 A CN2010105421329 A CN 2010105421329A CN 201010542132 A CN201010542132 A CN 201010542132A CN 101966575 B CN101966575 B CN 101966575B
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wheel
cooling
content
degasification
cast
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CN101966575A (en
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米国发
郑喜平
王海燕
王有超
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Henan University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a process for casting an 8356 type A356 aluminum alloy wheel and a heat treatment process. The process comprises the following steps of: a, adopting a metal mold low-pressure casting process, wherein the pouring temperature is between 690 and 735 DEG C, and the die preheating temperature is between 250 and 350 DEG C; b, performing thinning in a smelting furnace, adjusting the content of iron and silicon in aluminum liquid, performing metamorphosis in a refining pack and nitrogen-blowing refining outside the furnace, and adjusting the content of magnesium, strontium and titanium in the aluminum liquid; c, adding a cooling pipe to a thick and big part of the wheel to perform quick cooling, and filling insulation cotton on the periphery of a side die to slow down the cooling speed of the middle part of a wheel rim so as to realize solidification in order; and d, cooling a wheel cast and putting the wheel cast into a heat treatment kiln to perform solution and aging treatment. In the process, suitable pouring temperature and reasonable cooling measures are adopted to effectively realize feeding and shrinkage of the cast; in the pouring process, a filter screen is arranged at a riser tube to effectively prevent inclusions; and through the control of key technological parameters, the product quality of the 8356 type A356 aluminum alloy wheel cast is ensured.

Description

Aluminum-alloy wheel casting technique and Technology for Heating Processing
Technical field
The present invention relates to the aluminum-alloy wheel manufacturing technology, specifically relate to a kind of 8356 type A356 aluminum-alloy wheel casting technique and Technologies for Heating Processing that are applicable to.
Background technology
Domestic Automotive Industry is through the construction of decades; Auto output significantly rises; Especially after the entry into the World Trade Organization, Chinese Automobile Industry ' has realized big a leap by the capital and the technology of international automobile industry; China will be the biggest in the world, fastest-rising automobile market at the 5-10 in future, and this has obtained international insider's generally approval.The energy, environment and safety are the three big problems that various countries, the world today very pay close attention to, and popularizing of developing of automobile industry and automotive applications is closely related with this three big problem.Automobile will consume a large amount of oil fuels in motion, discharges a large amount of harmful wastes, like carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide etc., atmosphere is caused severe contamination.Along with energy-saving and cost-reducing require constantly surging of Hyundai Motor, safety and environmental regulation are strict day by day, and the light-weighted requirement of automobile is more urgent.
Adopting aluminum-alloy wheel is automobile lightweight approach the most efficiently and effectively.The performance of aluminum-alloy wheel directly depends on the manufacturing technology that it adopts, and its manufacturing process has the branch of forging and casting.The main cast moulding method of producing wheel at present both at home and abroad has metal mold gravity casting, low pressure casting, compression casting and extrusion casint.Domestic manufacturing aluminum alloy automobile wheel mainly adopts lower-cost low-pressure casting process, accounts for 80% of whole output.
The A356 alloy is the commonplace a kind of light-alloy of present wheel cast production utilization, and is very responsive to melting condition.In the aluminum melt processing procedure; Must will purify, rotten and refinement three aspects combine; And purifying is the governing factor of most critical; Only on the efficient basis that purifies aluminium liquid, carry out suitable refinement or rotten and wait processing, just can give full play to refinement, rotten due potentiality, finally reach the purpose of effective control aluminum melt metallurgical quality, raising aluminium performance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of 8356 type A356 aluminum-alloy wheel casting technique and Technologies for Heating Processing to existing weak point in the above-mentioned prior art just.The purification techniques of process using science of the present invention, refinement modifying technology and corresponding Technology for Heating Processing have been improved material property; Can effectively solve foundry goods oxide inclusion, pore, shrinkage cavity, problem such as loose, also make mechanical property obtain raising to a certain degree simultaneously.
The object of the invention can be realized through following technique measures:
Aluminum-alloy wheel casting technique of the present invention and Technology for Heating Processing comprise the steps:
Said technology comprises the steps:
A, employing metal pattern low-pressure casting process, pouring temperature is 690 ℃~750 ℃, the metal die preheat temperature is 250 ℃~350 ℃;
B, in smelting furnace, carry out refinement, fining agent adopts the Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy, and the content of iron, silicon in the adjustment aluminium liquid, wherein: Fe≤0.2%, the content of Si is between 6.5%-7.5%; In the refining bag, go bad and the outer nitrogen blowing refining of stove, alterant adopts the Ai-10Sr intermediate alloy, and adjusts the content of magnesium, strontium, titanium in the aluminium liquid; Wherein: the content of Mg is between 0.2%-0.4%; Ti≤0.2%, Sr addition are 0.02%-0.03%, add 720 ℃-745 ℃ of temperature; Get into degasification, cast molding operation afterwards;
C, add cooling tube in the thick large part of wheel of metal pattern and carry out coldly soon, fill the cooling velocity that heat-preservation cotton delays the wheel rim middle part in that side form is peripheral, to realize consecutive solidification;
Go into heat treatment kiln after d, d, the cooling of wheel foundry goods; Carrying out solid solution aging handles; 5 ℃ of solid solubility temperatures 535
Figure 349896DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
, solution time 3-4h; 60 ℃ of quenching water temperatures; Cool time 2-2.5h; 5 ℃ of aging temps 160
Figure 578621DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
, aging time 3-3.5h.
The degasification time 150-200s of the degasification operation described in the present invention, be 120-160s winter, in spectroanalysis instrument, analyzes alloying component after the degasification; When metal die was carried out preheating, when preheat temperature reached 250 ℃ of left and right sides, sprayed coating, thickness were 0.2-0.5mm.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. technological design of the present invention is reasonable, has shortened the production cycle of foundry goods, has improved productivity ratio; Adopted typical low pressure casting running gate system,, in process of setting according to the principle of consecutive solidification from top to bottom; Adding cooling tube in the thick large part of wheel carries out cold soon; Cooling velocity in the middle part of the peripheral filling of side form heat-preservation cotton delays wheel rim has reduced casting defect, has improved casting quality.
2. the present invention uses rational smelting process to improve aluminium liquid degree of purity, adopts rational heat treatment technology, makes the foundry goods even tissueization; Aluminium liquid is carried out Alloying Treatment, and thinning microstructure improves the foundry goods serviceability; Thereby refinement, pureization, the homogenising of material have fully been realized; Eliminated crackle, defective such as loose, the intensity of foundry goods is improved, will be safer as the automotive wheel of security personnel's part.
3. the 8356 type A356 aluminum-alloy wheels that utilize the present invention to produce have high performance characteristics, are easy to obtain customer acceptance, and market potential is big.
Description of drawings
Shrinkage cavity in Fig. 1 8356 type A356 aluminum-alloy wheels, shrinkage porosite distribution situation (x-ray inspection test result).
Fig. 2 cooling tube and heat-preservation cotton position view.
Sequence number among the figure: 1-patrix, 2-side form, 3-heat-preservation cotton, 4-foundry goods, 5-counterdie, 6-cooling tube.
The 8356 type A356 aluminum-alloy wheel cast blanks that Fig. 3 adopts the present invention to produce.
The specific embodiment
To combine embodiment (accompanying drawing) to further describe below the present invention:
The used A356 alloy of the present invention is the commonplace a kind of light-alloy of present wheel cast production utilization, by weight percentage, its concrete composition Si6.5%-7.5%, Mg0.2%-0.4%, Ti≤0.2%, Fe≤0.2%, Cu 0.2%, Zn 0.3%, surplus Al.Because aluminium liquid is very easily inhaled hydrogen, in case hydrogen content is too high in the aluminium liquid, will form a large amount of pin holes or pore in the foundry goods, therefore need carry out refining to aluminium liquid.Promptly need in smelting furnace, carry out refinement, fining agent adopts the Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy, and adjusts the content of iron, silicon in the aluminium liquid, wherein: Fe≤0.2%, the content of Si is between 6.5%-7.5%; In the refining bag, go bad and the outer nitrogen blowing refining of stove, alterant adopts the Ai-10Sr intermediate alloy, and the content of magnesium, strontium, titanium in the adjustment aluminium liquid, the content of Mg between 0.2%-0.4%, Ti≤0.2%, 720 ℃-745 ℃ of adding temperature; Get into degasification, cast molding operation afterwards;
The present invention adopts the metal pattern low-pressure casting process, and pouring temperature is 690 ℃~750 ℃, and mold preheating temperature is 250 ℃~350 ℃.
Be 150-200s summer degasification time of the degasification operation described in the present invention, and be 120-160s winter, in spectroanalysis instrument, analyzes alloying component after the degasification; When metal die was carried out preheating, when preheat temperature reached 250 ℃ of left and right sides, sprayed coating, thickness were 0.2-0.5mm.
The present invention is according to the principle of consecutive solidification from top to bottom, adds cooling tube in the thick large part of the wheel of metal pattern and carries out coldly soon, fills the cooling velocity (as shown in Figure 2) that heat-preservation cotton delays the wheel rim middle part in that side form is peripheral.
The solid solution aging treatment process parameter that the present invention adopts is 5 ℃ of solid solubility temperatures 535
Figure 358358DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
, solution time 3-4h; 60 ℃ of quenching water temperatures; Cool time 2-2.5h; 5 ℃ of aging temps 160
Figure 753567DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
, aging time 3-3.5h.
The present invention simulates through the process of setting to foundry goods, and field trial all confirms foundry goods behind casting complete, and running channel carries out feeding to foundry goods, and in wheel rim and spoke junction, the probability that produces defective is higher than other position far away.Therefore, in casting process, pass through the placement filter net, can play the effect that effectively prevents to be mingled with, to reduce casting defect at the stalk place.Add cooling tube in the thick large part of foundry goods,, can further improve casting quality in the peripheral heat-preservation cotton of filling of side form.
The course of work of the present invention and result:
Because the present invention is employed in and has carried out external refining and alloying in the smelting process, in the casting process at the stalk place placement filter net, guaranteed the pure of molten metal; Utilize the heat-preservation cotton of cooling tube that computer modeling technique settles and filling to play the effect of consecutive solidification effectively, produced the less high-performance foundry goods (referring to Fig. 3) of casting flaw.
Comparative example (referring to Fig. 1)
Cooling tube is not set and fills heat-preservation cotton, observe casting process, the edge exists shrinkage cavity behind the wheel rim of discovery wheel foundry goods and spoke junction and the wheel rim.Find foundry goods subsurface defectiveness after the machining, impact property reaches designing requirement, but tired bending property does not reach designing requirement.

Claims (1)

1. A356 aluminum-alloy wheel casting technique and Technology for Heating Processing, it is characterized in that: said casting technique and Technology for Heating Processing comprise the steps:
A, employing metal pattern low-pressure casting process, pouring temperature is 690 ℃~735 ℃, the metal die preheat temperature is 250 ℃~350 ℃;
B, in smelting furnace, carry out refinement, fining agent adopts the Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy, and the content of iron, silicon in the adjustment aluminium liquid, wherein: Fe≤0.2%, the content of Si is between 6.5%-7.5%; In the refining bag, go bad and the outer nitrogen blowing refining of stove, alterant adopts the Al-10Sr intermediate alloy, and adjusts the content of magnesium, strontium, titanium in the aluminium liquid; Wherein: the content of Mg is between 0.2%-0.4%; Ti≤0.2%, Sr addition are 0.02%-0.03%, add 720 ℃-745 ℃ of temperature; Get into degasification, cast molding operation afterwards;
C, add cooling tube in the thick large part of wheel of metal die and carry out coldly soon, fill the cooling velocity that heat-preservation cotton delays the wheel rim middle part in that side form is peripheral, to realize consecutive solidification;
Go into heat treatment kiln after d, the cooling of wheel foundry goods; Carrying out solid solution aging handles; 5 ℃ of solid solubility temperatures 535
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002AAA
, solution time 3-4h; 60 ℃ of quenching water temperatures; Cool time 2-2.5h; 5 ℃ of aging temps 160
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002AAAA
; Aging time 3-3.5h
Wherein, be 150-200s summer degasification time of said degasification operation, and be 120-160s winter, in spectroanalysis instrument, analyzes alloying component after the degasification,
Wherein, when metal die was carried out preheating, when preheat temperature reached 250 ℃ of left and right sides, sprayed coating, thickness were 0.2-0.5mm.
CN2010105421329A 2010-11-13 2010-11-13 Process for casting aluminum alloy wheel and heat treatment process Expired - Fee Related CN101966575B (en)

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