CN104786727A - Integral type aluminum wheel production process - Google Patents
Integral type aluminum wheel production process Download PDFInfo
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- CN104786727A CN104786727A CN201510168247.9A CN201510168247A CN104786727A CN 104786727 A CN104786727 A CN 104786727A CN 201510168247 A CN201510168247 A CN 201510168247A CN 104786727 A CN104786727 A CN 104786727A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integral type aluminum wheel production process. The process includes the steps that raw materials are melt; a melt product is refined; low-pressure casting is conducted on a refined product; X-radiographic inspection is conducted on the product obtained after the low-pressure casting is conducted; heat treatment is conducted on a product obtained after X-radiographic inspection is conducted; mechanical machining is conducted on the product obtained after heat treatment is conducted; a dynamic balance test is conducted on the product generated obtained mechanical machining is conducted; an air tight test is conducted on the qualified product obtained after the dynamic balance test is conducted; surface processing is conducted on the qualified product obtained after the air tight test is conducted, and a finished product formed after surface processing is conducted is packaged. The integral type aluminum wheel production process has the technical effects of being reasonable in design, higher in production efficiency and higher in quality of produced products.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wheel processing and manufacturing field, particularly relate to a kind of integral type aluminum vehicle wheel production technology.
Background technology
Wheel be between tire and and axletree between bear the rotary components of load, be usually made up of (GB/T2933-2009) two major part wheel rims and spoke; Wheel rim is the parts of installation and supporting tire on wheel, and spoke is the support unit on wheel between axletree and wheel rim; Wheel, except above-mentioned parts, also comprises wheel hub sometimes.Classification: 1. by the structure of spoke: wheel can be divided into disc wheel and bar type wheel; 2. by wheel material: the wheels such as steel, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy can be divided into; 3. by axletree one end, one or two tire is installed: single wheel and dual wheel can be divided into.
In sum, present inventor, in the process realizing invention technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application, finds that above-mentioned technology at least exists following technical matters:
In the prior art, it is lower to there is production efficiency in existing wheel production technology, the technical matters that the product design produced is poor.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of integral type aluminum vehicle wheel production technology, solving existing wheel production technology, to there is production efficiency lower, the technical matters that the product design produced is poor, achieve integral type aluminum vehicle wheel process design reasonable, production efficiency is higher, the technique effect that the product design produced is higher.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the embodiment of the present application provides integral type aluminum vehicle wheel production technology, and described technique comprises:
Raw material is melted;
Product after fusing is carried out refining;
Product after refining is carried out low pressure [die;
Product after low pressure [die is carried out x-ray inspection;
Product after x-ray inspection is heat-treated;
Machine up is carried out to the product after heat treatment;
Kinetic balance inspection is carried out to the product after machine up;
Air tight test is carried out to the certified products after kinetic balance inspection inspection;
Surface treatment is carried out to the certified products after air tight test, by the finished product packing after surface treatment.
Further, wheel pressure casting curve, calculation of pressure formula is: P=h ρ m/10200, and wherein, P is mold filling pressure (MPa); 10200 is unit conversion factor (g/N), if need not convert, unit is Mbar, 1bar=1 × 105Pa; H is the height (cm) that alloy rises to a certain section; ρ is the density (g/cm3) of aluminium alloy; M is mold filling resistance coefficient, and in formula, (h × ρ) is charging pressure.
Further, the liquid speed that rises in described low pressure casting process is positioned at the first preset range, and described first preset range is 13 Mbar/s ~ 40Mbar/s.
Further, the type section pressure x velocity that fills in described low pressure casting process controls in the second preset range.
Further, the Pressure control in described low pressure casting process is in the 3rd preset range.
Further, the dwell time in described low pressure casting process controls in the 4th preset range.
Further, after release of pressure, time delay 1 ~ 2min.
The one or more technical schemes provided in the embodiment of the present application, at least have following technique effect or advantage:
Owing to have employed integral type aluminum vehicle wheel process design as comprising: raw material is melted; Product after fusing is carried out refining; Product after refining is carried out low pressure [die; Product after low pressure [die is carried out x-ray inspection; Product after x-ray inspection is heat-treated; Machine up is carried out to the product after heat treatment; Kinetic balance inspection is carried out to the product after machine up; Air tight test is carried out to the certified products after kinetic balance inspection inspection; Surface treatment is carried out to the certified products after air tight test, by the technical scheme of the finished product packing after surface treatment, so, efficiently solving existing wheel production technology, to there is production efficiency lower, the technical matters that the product design produced is poor, and then it is reasonable to achieve integral type aluminum vehicle wheel process design, production efficiency is higher, the technique effect that the product design produced is higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of integral type aluminum vehicle wheel production technology in the embodiment of the present application one.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention provides a kind of integral type aluminum vehicle wheel production technology, solving existing wheel production technology, to there is production efficiency lower, the technical matters that the product design produced is poor, achieve integral type aluminum vehicle wheel process design reasonable, production efficiency is higher, the technique effect that the product design produced is higher.
Technical scheme during the application implements is for solving the problems of the technologies described above.General thought is as follows:
To have employed integral type aluminum vehicle wheel process design as comprising: raw material is melted; Product after fusing is carried out refining; Product after refining is carried out low pressure [die; Product after low pressure [die is carried out x-ray inspection; Product after x-ray inspection is heat-treated; Machine up is carried out to the product after heat treatment; Kinetic balance inspection is carried out to the product after machine up; Air tight test is carried out to the certified products after kinetic balance inspection inspection; Surface treatment is carried out to the certified products after air tight test, by the technical scheme of the finished product packing after surface treatment, so, efficiently solving existing wheel production technology, to there is production efficiency lower, the technical matters that the product design produced is poor, and then it is reasonable to achieve integral type aluminum vehicle wheel process design, production efficiency is higher, the technique effect that the product design produced is higher.
In order to better understand technique scheme, below in conjunction with Figure of description and concrete embodiment, technique scheme is described in detail.
Embodiment one:
In embodiment one, provide integral type aluminum vehicle wheel production technology, please refer to Fig. 1, described technique comprises:
Raw material is melted;
Product after fusing is carried out refining;
Product after refining is carried out low pressure [die;
Product after low pressure [die is carried out x-ray inspection;
Product after x-ray inspection is heat-treated;
Machine up is carried out to the product after heat treatment;
Kinetic balance inspection is carried out to the product after machine up;
Air tight test is carried out to the certified products after kinetic balance inspection inspection;
Surface treatment is carried out to the certified products after air tight test, by the finished product packing after surface treatment.
Wherein, in the embodiment of the present application, when carrying out the dark wheel flange wheel product design of reverse wheel rim, be generally consider from the load bearing requirements of wheel, assembled condition (dress tire and entrucking) and formative method three aspects, to meet its safety, to be easy to the requirement of mounting or dismounting and decoration.
1. safety Design
On the basis of the inherent quality such as structural strength, service life of analysing vehicle wheels, Method of Spreading Design is carried out for different automobile types, the newly-designed a wheel of U.S. GITANO, first they must by various types test (flexural fatigue, radial fatigue and 30 ° of impacts etc.) under maximum load, this characterizes the impact that wheel can bear moment of flexure load, normal load and foreign object in the process of moving, meets the structural performance requirements of its load and safety.In whole wheel design process, to the checking of wheel safety, according to its load and relevant criterion, calculate test requirements document, after the three-dimensional modeling of client's confirmation completes, first undertaken by the method for finite element analysis (FEA), to be producedly produce real sample wheel, again various performance test and road examination are carried out to sample wheel, only have when test sample wheel is through test fully, confirm that its performance is in the process of moving outstanding, at this moment the design of a new dark wheel flange wheel of reverse wheel rim just can have been calculated, then clear test requirements document is classified as a part for product drawing technical requirements by designer, and as the substance of wheel technical approval.
2. design for assembly
The most basic operating needs will considered when assembly performance is the design of reverse wheel rim dark wheel flange wheel, while embodiment is rational in infrastructure, more to meet its simple load and unload feature, and its loading condition of different vehicles is often widely different, therefore, each time wheel design time all must consider following assembled condition simultaneously:
(1) tire condition is filled: the diameter of wheel rim, width and rim contour meet domestic and international relevant criterion;
(2) loading condition: offset distance, brake space, centre hole, axial length, PCD and subpanel etc.;
(3) wheel attachment: tire tube valve position, trim (sheet) etc.
3. ornamental design
Along with the development of design, good product-forming often overcome others by displaying one's strength to people's publicity and the distinctive feature of showing oneself, people before the performance do not contacted and understand product, first attract by the outward appearance of wheel, this impression of firsting impressions are strongest, directly affects the consumer psychology of people.Therefore, modern wheel product will obtain admitting of society and reach the social effect of expection, not only structurally wants meet requirements, also will consider more people's sexual demand in the design, the combination of actualizing technology factor and artistic factors.
The improvement of Design of Dies
In the manufacturing process of wheel hub, the total quality of spray quality to aluminum-alloy wheel has the greatest impact, castability depends on the series of process control processs such as alloy selection, die quality, smelting technology, alloy modification and heat treatment, mould is the critical process equipment of shaping wheel, and the design and optimization of its structure is the technology key of wheel manufacturing enterprise.
The dark wheel flange wheel of reverse wheel rim due to wheel rim comparatively dark, cavity filling process very easily wraps up in gas, and wheel rim and spoke intersection (J portion) often because feeding is not enough, and form large shrinkage cavity.But be the direct force part of wheel herein, and be area of stress concentration, if cool improper, shrinkage porosite or hot tearing can be produced.And wheel rim position is selected due to the dark wheel flange wheel of reverse wheel rim is the direct air-inflation tyre of inner tube free, do not allow at wheel rim position to produce the defects such as shrinkage cavity and porosity yet.
Therefore, the design of low pressure casting die cooling system must meet the principle of consecutive solidification: first wheel rim position consecutive solidification from top to bottom, spoke position cools gradually by externally to center subsequently, during such foundry goods cooling, the abundant feeding of guarantee, prevents the defects such as shrinkage cavity and porosity, slag inclusion and hot tearing.
Wheel casting thickness is generally 8 ~ 9.5mm, and wheel rim is away from central gate, and foundry goods heat radiation is very fast, is naturally cooled by mould itself.For mould natural heat dissipation, basipetal consecutive solidification need be ensured; For dark rim area, after guarantee stamp, require that it first must cool at spoke position, otherwise feeding will be caused not enough, cause shrinkage porosite.For this reason, increased air cooling system during design newly, according to casting curve, timing sequence opens each cooling-gallery.
Wherein, in the embodiment of the present application, wheel pressure casting curve, calculation of pressure formula is: P=h ρ m/10200, and wherein, P is mold filling pressure (MPa); 10200 is unit conversion factor (g/N), if need not convert, unit is Mbar, 1bar=1 × 105Pa; H is the height (cm) that alloy rises to a certain section; ρ is the density (g/cm3) of aluminium alloy; M is mold filling resistance coefficient, and in formula, (h × ρ) is charging pressure.
Conventional wheel pressure casting curve, calculation of pressure formula is: P=h ρ m/10200, and wherein, P is mold filling pressure (MPa); 10200 is unit conversion factor (g/N), and as converted, unit is exactly (Mbar, 1bar=1 × 105Pa); H is the height (cm) that alloy rises to a certain section; ρ is the density (g/cm3) of aluminium alloy, and A356 alloy selects 2.6; M is mold filling resistance coefficient, gets 1 ~ 1.5.In formula, (h × ρ) is charging pressure, and it is relevant from the burner hearth area of different wheel-type and various type.
Wherein, in the embodiment of the present application, the liquid speed that rises in described low pressure casting process is positioned at the first preset range, and described first preset range is 13 Mbar/s ~ 40Mbar/s.
Wherein, in the embodiment of the present application, the type section pressure x velocity that fills in described low pressure casting process controls in the second preset range.
Wherein, in the embodiment of the present application, the Pressure control in described low pressure casting process is in the 3rd preset range.
Wherein, in the embodiment of the present application, the dwell time in described low pressure casting process controls in the 4th preset range.
Wherein, in the embodiment of the present application, after release of pressure, time delay 1 ~ 2min.
Wherein, in the embodiment of the present application, liquid height, pressure and speed is 1. risen
Rise liquid height to comprise: the liquid level of gate depth, the ceramic sprue bush degree of depth, stalk part, to the height of stalk port, adds the height often watering a foundry goods liquid level and decline.
The pressure (P1) that rising the liquid stage (A-B) needs takes advantage of aluminium liquor ratio heavy (ρ) and drag coefficient (m) for rising liquid bottom-to-top-height (h1+h2).Rising liquid speed (υ 1) generally should not be too fast, controls at 13 ~ 40Mbar/s.Guaranteeing, on the basis that filling is shaped, to rise the abundant discharge that liquid speed is conducive to gas in die cavity slowly a bit.
2. fill the control of type section pressure x velocity
The dark wheel flange wheel of reverse wheel rim is circular, has the thin-walled wheel rim of larger area, thicker spoke, and during cast, wheel rim is vertical, and spoke level, cast gate is in centre.The face down of wheel, mostly generally is positive offset distance (or zero offset distance), so the weight of blank is many in the certificate of the latter half.Aluminium liquid from cast gate out fill type time, have a very long time, liquid level rise very little, increasing with the pressure reduction of burner hearth, flow velocity is more and more faster.In order to fill the steady of type, constant flow must be had.B-C section pressing speed υ 2 is 20 ~ 40Mbar/s, and time t2 is 2 ~ 3s, and filling velocity υ 3 is then just according to C-D line, and time t3 determines according to the feature of foundry goods, also should comprise aluminium liquid be full of casting mold after investing time.The pressure (P2) of D point is (h4+h1) × ρ m, and wherein drag coefficient should be set to about 1.2, also will consider the safety factor of 5 ~ 10Mbar.
The speed of filling type section will set according to the feature of different wheel, filling velocity is moderate, and excessive velocities is crossed and all affected casting quality slowly, technique requires pressure is accurate, there is duplicability, during operation, want the relatively stable parameter that those constantly change, drag coefficient and charging pressure etc. all to can not ignore.
At the end of filling type, the pressure (P2) of D point need be grasped, and pressure is too small, and wheel misruns; Pressure is excessive, and overlap or runout easily appear in foundry goods, even affects removing from mould or causes blank to be out of shape.
3. supercharging pressure
Boost line D-E, its pressure is 700 ~ 1000Mbar, t4 is 3 ~ 6s, and foundry goods can crystallization under stress, its dense structure, good mechanical property, reduces shrinkage porosite.The pressure (P3) of E point is higher than the pressure of metal mold rising head 4 ~ 5 times, and this is the feature of low pressure [die.If when the starting point of supercharging (D point) pressure (P2) is higher, (t3) will be extended the time, add that pumping rate (v4) is too slow, the chance of foundry goods crystallization under stress can be incured loss through delay.The wheel rim of the dark wheel flange wheel of reverse wheel rim is thinner, when filling type, the bottom wheel rim of wheel first waters full, also first solidify (particularly the product of the little or negative bias distance of offset distance), if whole filling time reaches about 60s, the latter half of wheel rim just loses the chance of crystallization under stress, very easily occurs the defects such as Micro shrinkage, pin hole, pore and slag inclusion.
4. the dwell time
Dwell time, (t5) was decided by the cooling condition of casting structure, casting mold and casting mold.When the dark wheel flange wheel of reverse wheel rim is poured into a mould, on temperature of aluminum liquid and the metastable basis of mold temperature, be decided by the setting time of wheel thermal center, and the consecutive solidification condition of cast gate to thermal center will be considered, cast gate must ensure than thermal center after coagulation, if cast gate first solidifies, or first solidify as the spoke of passage, the thermal center place of wheel just there will be shrinkage porosite; If the dwell time is oversize, easily freeze cast gate, the insulation of cast gate is then the key extending the dwell time.
5. release of pressure time delay cooling
After general release of pressure, time delay 1 ~ 2min, after foundry goods solidifies completely again open form in order to avoid casting deformation or pull.
6. the cooling of foundry goods
The hardening time of foundry goods, from supercharging terminate (E point) just should, according to the feature of foundry goods and the requirement of consecutive solidification, first should dry from the wheel rim place of wheel, then be the thermal center of wheel rim and spoke junction, spoke is the key place affecting thermal center place whether shrinkage porosite, is generally first be incubated rear cooling; The cast gate in wheel disc centre is last cooling.Can the process of setting of whole wheel form the temperature field of consecutive solidification, is usually decided by the temperature retention time of the reasonableness that mould designs in consecutive solidification and cast gate.
Technical scheme in above-mentioned the embodiment of the present application, at least has following technique effect or advantage:
Owing to have employed integral type aluminum vehicle wheel process design as comprising: raw material is melted; Product after fusing is carried out refining; Product after refining is carried out low pressure [die; Product after low pressure [die is carried out x-ray inspection; Product after x-ray inspection is heat-treated; Machine up is carried out to the product after heat treatment; Kinetic balance inspection is carried out to the product after machine up; Air tight test is carried out to the certified products after kinetic balance inspection inspection; Surface treatment is carried out to the certified products after air tight test, by the technical scheme of the finished product packing after surface treatment, so, efficiently solving existing wheel production technology, to there is production efficiency lower, the technical matters that the product design produced is poor, and then it is reasonable to achieve integral type aluminum vehicle wheel process design, production efficiency is higher, the technique effect that the product design produced is higher.
Although describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art once obtain the basic creative concept of cicada, then can make other change and amendment to these embodiments.So claims are intended to be interpreted as comprising preferred embodiment and falling into all changes and the amendment of the scope of the invention.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various change and modification to the present invention and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if these amendments of the present invention and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.
Claims (7)
1. integral type aluminum vehicle wheel production technology, is characterized in that, described technique comprises:
Raw material is melted;
Product after fusing is carried out refining;
Product after refining is carried out low pressure [die;
Product after low pressure [die is carried out x-ray inspection;
Product after x-ray inspection is heat-treated;
Machine up is carried out to the product after heat treatment;
Kinetic balance inspection is carried out to the product after machine up;
Air tight test is carried out to the certified products after kinetic balance inspection inspection;
Surface treatment is carried out to the certified products after air tight test, by the finished product packing after surface treatment.
2. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, wheel pressure casting curve, and calculation of pressure formula is: P=h ρ m/10200, and wherein, P is mold filling pressure (MPa); 10200 is unit conversion factor (g/N), if need not convert, unit is Mbar, 1bar=1 × 105Pa; H is the height (cm) that alloy rises to a certain section; ρ is the density (g/cm3) of aluminium alloy; M is mold filling resistance coefficient, and in formula, (h × ρ) is charging pressure.
3. technique according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the liquid speed that rises in described low pressure casting process is positioned at the first preset range, and described first preset range is 13 Mbar/s ~ 40Mbar/s.
4. technique according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the type section pressure x velocity that fills in described low pressure casting process controls in the second preset range.
5. technique according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the Pressure control in described low pressure casting process is in the 3rd preset range.
6. technique according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the dwell time in described low pressure casting process controls in the 4th preset range.
7. technique according to claim 6, is characterized in that, after release of pressure, and time delay 1 ~ 2min.
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Cited By (4)
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CN105127399A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2015-12-09 | 来安县科来兴实业有限责任公司 | Low-pressure casting technology for mounting tube socket of motor train unit brake system |
CN105436470A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-03-30 | 大亚车轮制造有限公司 | Production method for aluminum alloy wheel |
CN105710611A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-06-29 | 杭州科技职业技术学院 | Manufacturing method of automobile hubs |
CN111169222A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-05-19 | 法拉利公司 | Rim for vehicle |
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CN111169222B (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2024-04-09 | 法拉利公司 | Rim for a vehicle |
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Application publication date: 20150722 |