CN112522554A - Rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a rare earth aluminum alloy which forms a strengthening phase Mg together by Mg and Si elements in the aging heat treatment process2Si effectively blocks dislocation movement and plays a role in strengthening the matrix; Al-Ti-B and rare earth elements are added to form a heterogeneous nucleation core with lower lattice mismatching degree with an alpha-Al matrix to refine grains of the aluminum alloy, and impurities in the aluminum alloy are purified; by adding Cr and Mn elements, the growth advantage of the acicular Fe phase in a single direction is inhibited, so that the acicular Fe phase is changed into a Chinese character-shaped or granular Fe-containing phase; by adding Sr and Ca elements, eutectic silicon is triggered to form high-density twin crystals, and the morphology of the eutectic silicon is optimized. According to the invention, through the interaction of all elements, the basic phase alpha-Al, eutectic silicon and Fe phases of the alloy have excellent micro-morphology, so that the aims of strengthening the alloy, refining grains and optimizing the structure morphology are fulfilled, and the elongation of the alloy is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to a rare earth aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the quantity of automobiles kept in China is gradually increased, and automobile exhaust brings huge burden to the environment. The automobile light weight technology is one of the most effective methods for reducing the automobile exhaust emission. When the weight of the automobile is reduced by 100kg, 0.6L of fuel can be saved per hundred kilometers. The wheels are running parts at the lowest position of the center of gravity of the whole vehicle under the springs, and the energy-saving effect of the whole vehicle is more remarkable when the weight of the wheels is reduced. Aluminum alloy has a series of advantages which gradually become an ideal material for lightening the automobile, so that the adoption of aluminum to replace steel for manufacturing commercial wheels is a typical performance of light materials applied to commercial vehicles.
Among a plurality of aluminum alloys, the A356.2 aluminum alloy is the most common lightweight material in the automobile industry, is rapidly applied to key parts such as automobile hubs and engines since birth, and has wide application prospects in the fields of aviation, aerospace, high-speed railways, buildings and the like. With the improvement of the light weight requirement of the automobile, the mechanical property of the automobile hub required to be achieved is increased year by year. At present, most of additives used in industrial production are Al-Ti-B and Al-Sr intermediate alloys, and the use effect is good. Through years of research and application, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is further improved with great difficulty, and the performance of the alloy can not be kept at a stable high level value through adjustment of various processes. Furthermore, the sequential solidification of the low-pressure casting causes a final cooling of the thick portions of the spoke, which are equal to each other, thereby causing the spoke properties, particularly the elongation, not to be maintained at a high level. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a novel aluminum alloy material capable of greatly improving the alloy properties, particularly the elongation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a cast aluminum alloy comprising Si, Mg, B, Cr, Mn, Sr, Ca, Al, Ti and rare earth, having high elongation.
The rare earth aluminum alloy provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
Si：5.5-7.5％，
Mg：0.28-0.45％，
Cr：0.05-0.45％，
Ca：0.01-0.15％，
RE：0.01-0.10％，
Mn：0.01-0.10％，
Sr：0.001-0.02％，
Ti：0.08-0.20％，
B：0.001-0.02％，
the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3107 percent.
The rare earth aluminum alloy provided by the invention has the advantages that the density of the rare earth aluminum alloy in a matrix is increased by increasing the content of the Mg element, and the Mg element is dispersed and distributed in the aluminum matrix and forms a strengthening phase Mg together with the Si element in the aging heat treatment process2Si effectively blocks dislocation movement and plays a role in strengthening the matrix; Al-Ti-B and rare earth elements are added to form a heterogeneous nucleation core with low lattice mismatching degree with an alpha-Al matrix to refine grains of the aluminum alloy, and the rare earth elements can purify impurities in the aluminum alloy and reduce the content of the impurities; by adding Cr and Mn elements, partial lattice positions in the acicular Fe phase are occupied by the Cr and Mn elements, and the growth advantage of the acicular Fe phase in a single direction is inhibited, so that the Fe phase crystal starts to grow towards other directions, and the acicular Fe phase is changed into a Chinese character-shaped or granular Fe-containing phase; by adding Sr and Ca elements, Si growth interface is occupied, the larger atomic radius of the Si growth interface triggers eutectic silicon to form high-density twin crystals, and the twin crystal valleys replace interface steps to accept Si atomsAnd the silicon eutectic crystal can become a growth source of Si crystals, thereby realizing the optimization of the appearance of the eutectic silicon. In conclusion, the additive elements in the rare earth aluminum alloy provided by the invention can enable the basic phase alpha-Al, eutectic silicon and Fe phases of the alloy to have excellent micro-morphology. According to the invention, through the interaction of the elements and the proportion thereof, the purposes of strengthening the alloy, refining the crystal grains and optimizing the structure morphology are achieved, so that the aluminum alloy obtains good mechanical properties and elongation.
In the rare earth aluminum alloy provided by the invention, on one hand, after the alloy elements are dissolved into an aluminum matrix, the dislocation density of the aluminum matrix is increased, and simultaneously, the crystal lattice is distorted. The stress field generated by distortion interacts with the elastic stress field around the dislocation, so that atoms of alloy elements are gathered near the dislocation line, and the effect of strengthening the aluminum alloy is achieved by blocking the movement of the dislocation; on the other hand, the elongation and the yield strength of the alloy are improved by optimizing the appearance of the alloy and refining grains.
The rare earth aluminum alloy preferably comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
Si：6.00-7.00％，
Mg：0.30-0.40％，
Cr：0.10-0.40％，
Ca：0.01-0.04％，
RE：0.01-0.08％，
Mn：0.015-0.10％，
Sr：0.01-0.02％，
Ti：0.10-0.15％，
B：0.001-0.01％，
the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3107 percent.
When the content of each element is in the range, the elements can be well matched, and the microstructure and the mechanical property of the alloy can reach the optimal level.
Further preferably, the rare earth aluminum alloy contains 0.001-0.04% of La and 0.001-0.06% of Ce. Preferably, the RE comprises La and Ce. The inventor researches and discovers that lanthanum and cerium in rare earth elements are added into the aluminum alloy in the weight percentage, so that the rare earth elements have the effects of modification and degassing, the content of impurities in the alloy can be reduced, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy can be effectively improved.
The A356.2 alloy ingot inevitably introduces other impurity elements in the preparation process, and the content of the impurity elements can affect the performance of the alloy after exceeding a certain range, so the content of the impurity elements in the alloy is controlled, and preferably, the rare earth aluminum alloy comprises the following impurities in percentage by weight: fe: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, Ga: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.03%, V: less than or equal to 0.007 percent, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of each other impurity element, and less than or equal to 0.1 percent of the total of other impurity elements.
The invention provides a preparation method of the rare earth aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: weighing A356.2 alloy ingot, aluminum-chromium alloy, aluminum-calcium alloy, aluminum-rare earth alloy, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-strontium alloy, aluminum-titanium-boron alloy, pure aluminum ingot and pure magnesium ingot according to weight;
(2) smelting and pouring: after the furnace temperature is stabilized at 730-760 ℃, placing the A356.2 alloy ingot in a crucible furnace, and after the A356.2 alloy ingot is completely melted, removing the surface scum to obtain an alloy liquid; and then adding an aluminum-chromium alloy, an aluminum-manganese alloy and a pure aluminum ingot into the alloy liquid, standing, then adding the rest raw materials, preserving the heat, introducing inert gas, removing scum, cooling to the temperature of 700-720 ℃, and pouring to obtain the rare earth aluminum alloy.
Preferably, in the step (2), the standing time is 10-20 min.
Preferably, in the step (2), the heat preservation time is 3-5 min.
Preferably, in the step (2), the inert gas is argon, and further preferably, the argon is high-purity argon with the purity of more than 99.999%.
Preferably, the inert gas is introduced from the bottom of the alloy liquid at a rate of 3-5L/min for 8-12 min.
The preparation method provided by the invention takes A356.2 alloy ingot, aluminum-chromium alloy, aluminum-calcium alloy, aluminum-rare earth alloy, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-strontium alloy, aluminum-titanium-boron alloy, pure aluminum ingot and pure magnesium ingot as raw materials, and the raw materials are matched according to a proper proportion to obtain the rare earth aluminum alloy of the invention; in the smelting process, firstly, an A356.2 alloy ingot is placed in a crucible furnace to be smelted, then, an aluminum-chromium alloy, an aluminum-manganese alloy and a pure aluminum ingot are added, standing is carried out, then, the rest raw materials are added, heat preservation is carried out, inert gas is introduced, scum is removed, cooling is carried out, and casting is carried out, so that the rare earth aluminum alloy is obtained. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that after the alloy elements are dissolved into the aluminum matrix, the dislocation density of the aluminum matrix is increased, and the crystal lattice is distorted. The stress field generated by distortion interacts with the elastic stress field around the dislocation, so that atoms of alloy elements are gathered near the dislocation line, and the effect of strengthening the aluminum alloy is achieved by blocking the movement of the dislocation; on the other hand, the elongation and the yield strength of the alloy are improved by optimizing the appearance of the alloy and refining grains.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the rare earth aluminum alloy provided by the invention has the advantages that the density of the rare earth aluminum alloy in a matrix is increased by increasing the content of the Mg element, and the Mg element is dispersed and distributed in the aluminum matrix and forms a strengthening phase Mg together with the Si element in the aging heat treatment process2Si effectively blocks dislocation movement and plays a role in strengthening the matrix; Al-Ti-B and rare earth elements are added to form a heterogeneous nucleation core with low lattice mismatching degree with an alpha-Al matrix to refine grains of the aluminum alloy, and the rare earth elements can purify impurities in the aluminum alloy and reduce the content of the impurities; by adding Cr and Mn elements, partial lattice positions in the acicular Fe phase are occupied by the Cr and Mn elements, and the growth advantage of the acicular Fe phase in a single direction is inhibited, so that the Fe phase crystal starts to grow towards other directions, and the acicular Fe phase is changed into a Chinese character-shaped or granular Fe-containing phase; sr and Ca elements are added to occupy a growth interface of Si, the larger atomic radius of the elements triggers eutectic silicon to form high-density twin crystals, and the twin crystal valleys replace interface steps to accept Si atoms to become a growth source of the Si crystals, so that the morphology of the eutectic silicon is optimized.
2. The additive elements in the rare earth aluminum alloy provided by the invention can enable the basic phase alpha-Al, eutectic silicon and Fe phases of the alloy to have excellent micro-morphology. According to the invention, through the interaction of the elements and the proportion thereof, the purposes of strengthening the alloy, refining the crystal grains and optimizing the structure morphology are achieved, so that the aluminum alloy obtains good mechanical properties and elongation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a filtration curve of alloy liquids of example 1 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 2a is a diagram of the gold phase of the alloy obtained in comparative example 1, magnified 100 times;
FIG. 2b is a diagram of the gold phase of the alloy obtained in example 1, magnified 100 times;
FIG. 3a is a phase diagram of the alloy obtained in comparative example 1, magnified 500 times;
FIG. 3b is a phase diagram of the alloy obtained in example 1, magnified 500 times.
In FIG. 1, a is a graph of comparative example 1, and b is a graph of example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A rare earth aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
Si：6.30％，
Mg：0.40％，
Cr：0.20％，
Ca：0.01％，
RE: 0.05 percent of La, 0.0175 percent of Ce and 0.0325 percent of Ce;
Mn：0.10％，
Sr：0.015％，
Ti：0.11％，
b: 0.002%, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3107%;
the rare earth aluminum alloy comprises the following impurities in percentage by weight: fe: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, Ga: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.03%, V: less than or equal to 0.007 percent, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of each other impurity element, and less than or equal to 0.1 percent of the total of other impurity elements.
The preparation method of the rare earth aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: preparing materials according to the weight percentage of each component element in the target rare earth aluminum alloy, cutting A356.2 aluminum alloy, Al-10Cr aluminum chromium intermediate alloy, Al-10Ca aluminum calcium intermediate alloy, Al-10RE (65Ce35La) aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy, Al-10Mn aluminum manganese intermediate alloy, Al-10Sr aluminum strontium intermediate alloy, Al-5Ti-1B aluminum titanium boron alloy intermediate alloy ingot, pure aluminum ingot and pure magnesium ingot, grinding and polishing to remove oxide skin on the surface, and then weighing;
(2) smelting and pouring: cleaning a crucible, heating to 740 ℃, placing an A356.2 alloy ingot in a crucible furnace when the temperature is stable, and removing dross on the surface of aluminum liquid to obtain alloy liquid after the A356.2 alloy ingot is completely melted and the temperature reaches 740 ℃ again; adding Al-10Cr intermediate alloy, Al-10Mn aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and pure aluminum ingots into the alloy liquid, standing for 20min, adding the rest raw materials, keeping the temperature for 5min until the alloy is completely melted and reaches above 720 ℃, detecting the purity of the aluminum liquid by using an ABB Prefil slag detector, injecting the aluminum liquid to be detected into a preheated crucible, then putting the crucible into a pressure bin, starting pressurizing when the temperature of the aluminum liquid is reduced to 700 ℃, stopping pressurizing when the filtration weight or the pressurization time reaches a set value, and automatically generating a filtration curve by equipment in the pressurizing process, wherein the filtration curve is shown as b in figure 1; introducing high-purity argon from the bottom of the alloy liquid for 10min at the introducing speed of 4L/min, removing floating slag, cooling to 700 ℃, and pouring into a preheated cast iron mold to obtain the rare earth aluminum alloy casting.
Example 2
A rare earth aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
Si：6.30％，
Mg：0.35％，
Cr：0.10％，
Ca：0.04％，
RE: 0.01 percent, wherein, La0.0035 percent and Ce 0.0065 percent;
Mn：0.10％，
Sr：0.015％，
Ti：0.15％，
b: 0.01 percent, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3107 percent;
the rare earth aluminum alloy comprises the following impurities in percentage by weight: fe: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, Ga: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.03%, V: less than or equal to 0.007 percent, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of each other impurity element, and less than or equal to 0.1 percent of the total of other impurity elements.
The preparation method of the rare earth aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: preparing materials according to the weight percentage of each component element in the target rare earth aluminum alloy, cutting A356.2 aluminum alloy, Al-10Cr aluminum chromium intermediate alloy, Al-10Ca aluminum calcium intermediate alloy, Al-10RE (65Ce35La) aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy, Al-10Mn aluminum manganese intermediate alloy, Al-10Sr aluminum strontium intermediate alloy, Al-5Ti-1B aluminum titanium boron intermediate alloy ingot, pure aluminum ingot and pure magnesium ingot, then grinding and polishing to remove oxide skin on the surface, and then weighing;
(2) smelting and pouring: cleaning a crucible, heating to 730 ℃, placing an A356.2 alloy ingot in a crucible furnace when the temperature is stable, and removing dross on the surface of aluminum liquid to obtain alloy liquid after the A356.2 alloy ingot is completely melted and the temperature reaches 730 ℃ again; and then adding Al-10Cr intermediate alloy, Al-10Mn aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and pure aluminum ingots into the alloy liquid, standing for 10min, then adding the rest raw materials, keeping the temperature for 3min until the alloy is completely melted and reaches above 720 ℃, introducing high-purity argon from the bottom of the alloy liquid for 12min at the introduction rate of 4L/min, removing scum, cooling to 700 ℃, and pouring into a preheated cast iron mold to obtain the rare earth aluminum alloy casting.
Example 3
A rare earth aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
Si：5.5％，
Mg：0.45％，
Cr：0.45％，
Ca：0.15％，
RE: 0.08 percent of La 0.028 percent and Ce 0.052 percent;
Mn：0.01％，
Sr：0.001％，
Ti：0.20％，
b: 0.02 percent, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3107 percent;
the rare earth aluminum alloy comprises the following impurities in percentage by weight: fe: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, Ga: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.03%, V: less than or equal to 0.007 percent, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of each other impurity element, and less than or equal to 0.1 percent of the total of other impurity elements.
The preparation method of the rare earth aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: preparing materials according to the weight percentage of each component element in the target rare earth aluminum alloy, cutting A356.2 aluminum alloy, Al-10Cr aluminum chromium intermediate alloy, Al-10Ca aluminum calcium intermediate alloy, Al-10RE (65Ce35La) aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy, Al-10Mn aluminum manganese intermediate alloy, Al-10Sr aluminum strontium intermediate alloy, Al-5Ti-1B aluminum titanium boron intermediate alloy ingot, pure aluminum ingot and pure magnesium ingot, then grinding and polishing to remove oxide skin on the surface, and then weighing;
(2) smelting and pouring: cleaning a crucible, heating to 760 ℃, placing an A356.2 alloy ingot in a crucible furnace when the temperature is stable, and removing floating slag on the surface of aluminum liquid to obtain alloy liquid after the A356.2 alloy ingot is completely melted and the temperature reaches 760 ℃ again; and then adding Al-10Cr intermediate alloy, Al-10Mn aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and pure aluminum ingots into the alloy liquid, standing for 10min, then adding the rest raw materials, keeping the temperature for 3min until the alloy is completely melted and reaches above 720 ℃, introducing high-purity argon from the bottom of the alloy liquid for 8min at the introduction rate of 5L/min, removing scum, cooling to 720 ℃, and pouring into a preheated cast iron mold to obtain the rare earth aluminum alloy casting.
Example 4
A rare earth aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
Si：7.5％，
Mg：0.28％，
Cr：0.05％，
Ca：0.01％，
RE: 0.10 percent of La, 0.035 percent of Ce and 0.065 percent of Ce;
Mn：0.10％，
Sr：0.02％，
Ti：0.105％，
b: 0.001 percent, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3107 percent;
the rare earth aluminum alloy comprises the following impurities in percentage by weight: fe: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, Ga: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.03%, V: less than or equal to 0.007 percent, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of each other impurity element, and less than or equal to 0.1 percent of the total of other impurity elements.
The preparation method of the rare earth aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: preparing materials according to the weight percentage of each component element in the target rare earth aluminum alloy, cutting A356.2 aluminum alloy, Al-10Cr aluminum chromium intermediate alloy, Al-10Ca aluminum calcium intermediate alloy, Al-10RE (65Ce35La) aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy, Al-10Mn aluminum manganese intermediate alloy, Al-10Sr aluminum strontium intermediate alloy, Al-5Ti-1B aluminum titanium boron intermediate alloy ingot, pure aluminum ingot and pure magnesium ingot, then grinding and polishing to remove oxide skin on the surface, and then weighing;
(2) smelting and pouring: cleaning a crucible, heating to 760 ℃, placing an A356.2 alloy ingot in a crucible furnace when the temperature is stable, and removing floating slag on the surface of aluminum liquid to obtain alloy liquid after the A356.2 alloy ingot is completely melted and the temperature reaches 760 ℃ again; and then adding Al-10Cr intermediate alloy, Al-10Mn aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and pure aluminum ingots into the alloy liquid, standing for 10min, then adding the rest raw materials, keeping the temperature for 3min until the alloy is completely melted and reaches above 720 ℃, introducing high-purity argon from the bottom of the alloy liquid for 8min at the introduction rate of 3L/min, removing scum, cooling to 720 ℃, and pouring into a preheated cast iron mold to obtain the rare earth aluminum alloy casting.
Comparative example 1
An aluminum alloy comprising the following components in weight percent:
Si：7.0％，
Mg：0.32％，
Sr：0.03％，
Ti：0.11％，
B：0.002％，
the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3107 percent.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: preparing materials according to the weight percentage of each component element in the target rare earth aluminum alloy, cutting an A356.2 aluminum alloy, an Al-10Sr aluminum strontium intermediate alloy and an Al-5Ti-1B aluminum titanium boron intermediate alloy ingot, grinding and polishing to remove oxide skin on the surface, and then weighing;
(2) smelting and pouring: cleaning a crucible, heating to 740 ℃, placing an A356.2 alloy ingot in a crucible furnace when the temperature is stable, and removing dross on the surface of aluminum liquid to obtain alloy liquid after the A356.2 alloy ingot is completely melted and the temperature reaches 740 ℃ again; then adding weighed Al-10Sr aluminum strontium intermediate alloy and Al-5Ti-1B aluminum titanium boron intermediate alloy ingots into the alloy liquid, preserving the heat for 5min until the alloy is completely melted and reaches above 720 ℃, detecting the purity of the aluminum liquid by using an ABB Prefil slag detector, injecting the aluminum liquid to be detected into the preheated crucible, then putting the crucible into a pressure bin, starting pressurizing when the temperature of the aluminum liquid is reduced to 700 ℃, stopping pressurizing when the filtration weight or the pressurization time reaches a set value, and automatically generating a filtration curve by equipment in the pressurizing process, wherein the filtration curve is shown as a in figure 1; introducing high-purity argon from the bottom of the alloy liquid for 10min at the introducing speed of 4L/min, removing floating slag, cooling to 700 ℃, and pouring into a preheated cast iron mold to obtain the rare earth aluminum alloy casting.
Test examples
1. And (3) carrying out purity detection on the aluminum liquids containing other elements obtained in the step (2) of the example 1 and the comparative example 1, wherein the specific detection method is shown in the example 1 and the comparative example 1, and the result is shown in the figure 1, wherein a is the curve obtained in the comparative example 1, and b is the curve obtained in the example 1.
From the results of fig. 1, it can be seen that the slope of the curve a obtained in comparative example 1 is significantly smaller than the slope of the curve B obtained in example 1, which indicates that the weight of the alloy liquid filtered in example 1 per unit time is higher, and that the purity of the alloy liquid in example 1 of the present invention is higher than that in comparative example 1, which indicates that the content of impurities in the alloy can be effectively reduced by the interaction of the elements of the present invention.
2. After the cast iron is cooled, the alloy castings obtained in the example 1 and the comparative example 1 are subjected to normal T6 heat treatment and wheel simulated coating heat treatment under the same condition, and after the heat treatment, a room temperature tensile test is carried out; after the tensile test is finished, taking the clamping end of the tensile test bar to detect a metallographic phase, wherein the results are shown in figures 2a-3b, wherein figures 2a and 3a show, wherein figure 2a is a metallographic phase diagram obtained by amplifying the alloy obtained in comparative example 1 by 100 times, and figure 2b is a metallographic phase diagram obtained by amplifying the alloy obtained in example 1 by 100 times; FIG. 3a is a diagram of the alloy obtained in comparative example 1 at a magnification of 500 times in gold phase, and FIG. 3b is a diagram of the alloy obtained in example 1 at a magnification of 500 times in gold phase.
As can be seen from fig. 2a and 2b, the modification effects of the eutectic silicon of comparative example 1 and example 1 are both good, but the secondary dendrite spacing of comparative example 1 is significantly larger than that of example 1, which shows that the refinement effect of α -Al of example 1 of the present invention is better. From FIGS. 3a and 3b, it can be observed that the phase diagram of comparative example 1 has a large amount of needle-like beta-Fe phase which is liable to cause stress concentration during stress and degrade the alloy properties, whereas in example 1, the needle-like beta-Fe phase is entirely converted into granular Al-Si-Cr-Mn-Fe phase, and the granular Fe-containing phase can improve the alloy properties.
3. Mechanical property detection
The aluminum alloys obtained in example 1 and comparative example 1 were examined for yield strength, tensile strength and elongation, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 results of mechanical Properties measurements
As can be seen from the results in table 1, the elongation of the rare earth aluminum alloy obtained in inventive example 1 is 6.97%, the elongation of the aluminum alloy obtained in comparative example 1 is only 4.21%, and compared with comparative example 1, the elongation of inventive example 1 is increased by 65.52%, and the elongation property of the rare earth aluminum alloy provided by the present invention is significantly improved, and the yield strength and tensile strength are also improved. The rare earth aluminum alloy provided by the invention can obviously improve the elongation of the aluminum alloy under the interaction of all components, and has wide application prospect.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The rare earth aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
Si：5.5-7.5％，
Mg：0.28-0.45％，
Cr：0.05-0.45％，
Ca：0.01-0.15％，
RE：0.01-0.10％，
Mn：0.01-0.10％，
Sr：0.001-0.02％，
Ti：0.08-0.20％，
B：0.001-0.02％，
the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3107 percent.
2. The rare earth aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising the following components in weight percent:
Si：6.00-7.00％，
Mg：0.30-0.40％，
Cr：0.10-0.40％，
Ca：0.01-0.04％，
RE：0.01-0.08％，
Mn：0.015-0.10％，
Sr：0.01-0.02％，
Ti：0.10-0.15％，
B：0.001-0.01％，
the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3107 percent.
3. The rare earth aluminum alloy of claim 1 or 2, wherein the RE comprises La and Ce.
4. The rare earth aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rare earth aluminum alloy contains La in an amount of 0.001 to 0.04% and Ce in an amount of 0.001 to 0.06%.
5. The rare earth aluminum alloy of claim 1 or 2, wherein the rare earth aluminum alloy includes the following impurities in weight percent: fe: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, Ga: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.03%, V: less than or equal to 0.007 percent, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of each other impurity element, and less than or equal to 0.1 percent of the total of other impurity elements.
6. A method for producing a rare earth aluminum alloy as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing raw materials: weighing A356.2 alloy ingot, aluminum-chromium alloy, aluminum-calcium alloy, aluminum-rare earth alloy, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-strontium alloy, aluminum-titanium-boron alloy, pure aluminum ingot and pure magnesium ingot according to weight;
(2) smelting and pouring: after the furnace temperature is stabilized at 730-760 ℃, placing the A356.2 alloy ingot in a crucible furnace, and after the A356.2 alloy ingot is completely melted, removing the surface scum to obtain an alloy liquid; and then adding an aluminum-chromium alloy, an aluminum-manganese alloy and a pure aluminum ingot into the alloy liquid, standing, then adding the rest raw materials, preserving the heat, introducing inert gas, removing scum, cooling to the temperature of 700-720 ℃, and pouring to obtain the rare earth aluminum alloy.
7. The method for producing a rare earth aluminum alloy as set forth in claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the standing time is 10 to 20 min.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the holding time is 3-5 min.
9. The method for producing a rare earth aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the inert gas is argon gas.
10. The method for preparing a rare earth aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 9, wherein the inert gas is introduced from the bottom of the molten alloy at a rate of 3-5L/min for 8-12 min.
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