CN115044806A - Aluminum alloy additive and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy additive and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115044806A CN115044806A CN202210690474.8A CN202210690474A CN115044806A CN 115044806 A CN115044806 A CN 115044806A CN 202210690474 A CN202210690474 A CN 202210690474A CN 115044806 A CN115044806 A CN 115044806A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0073—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only borides
Abstract
The application provides an aluminum alloy additive and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 5-25 percent of Mn, 14-20 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al. The application adjusts TiB for different aluminum alloy systems 2 The mass ratio of the Fe phase to Mn is that the alloying-refining-strengthening one-time addition is realized, the cast structure of the aluminum alloy can be improved, the grain size is reduced, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum alloy are improved, the Fe phase morphology influencing the mechanical property in the aluminum alloy is improved, the harmful effect of impurity Fe in the cast aluminum alloy is eliminated, and the aluminum alloy added with the aluminum alloy additive shows good microstructure and mechanical property;the addition steps are simple, and the addition conditions are mild.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of metal materials, in particular to an aluminum alloy additive and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy has good fluidity, no hot cracking tendency, small linear shrinkage, small specific gravity, good corrosion resistance and other excellent performances, so that the aluminum alloy is widely applied to the industrial fields of automobiles, aviation, buildings, traffic, electric power and the like. With the increasing application of aluminum alloys in the high and new technology fields, the requirements on the structure and the performance of the aluminum alloys are higher and higher, and how to obtain the optimal cast structure is the basis for controlling the deformation structure and the performance thereof and is one of the key steps. The grain size and morphology are important characteristics of the as-cast structure, fine and uniform equiaxed grains are desirable, and the necessary means for grain refinement is essential to obtain the structure.
At present, the grain refiner of the aluminum alloy is added into the aluminum alloy in the industrial production to refine the grains, the commonly used grain refiner of the aluminum alloy is Al-Ti-B, Al-Ti-C, Al-Ti-B-C and the like, but the refining performance is limited under the condition of limited cost, and the casting quality with higher performance requirement cannot be met.
On the other hand, aluminum and aluminum alloys inevitably contain a certain amount of iron impurities, which are firstly originated from raw materials, and secondly, because smelting tools such as crucibles and casting molds used in the smelting and casting processes are mostly iron, the iron is brought into the molten aluminum. For example, the Al-Si-Mg alloy mainly exists in the form of an Al-Si-Fe intermetallic compound, and commonly has two types of alpha-Fe phases and beta-Fe phases, wherein the structure morphology of the alpha-Fe phase is Chinese character-shaped or skeleton-shaped, and the structure morphology of the beta-Fe phase is needle-shaped (three-dimensional is sheet-shaped). Research shows that the iron phase in the form of needle or sheet is harmful to the mechanical performance of alloy, and the harmful effect is not obvious when the iron phase exists in the form of Chinese character (skeleton). In general, the iron phase is more likely to appear in the form of needle-shaped and flaky iron phases, thereby influencing the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy.
At present, the commonly used aluminum alloy refiner has higher requirements on the quality of aluminum alloy, the addition of the refiner only can play a role in refining grains, the effect on impurity Fe in the aluminum alloy is almost not achieved, and the improvement on the performance of the aluminum alloy is limited. Moreover, the existing aluminum alloy additive has high cost and is difficult to be widely applied, or the use steps and the process are complicated, so that the application of the aluminum alloy additive in production is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the application provides an aluminum alloy additive, and a preparation method and application thereof.
The first aspect of the application provides an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 5-25 percent of Mn, 14-20 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al.
Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the TiB 2 5% -12%, the said TiB 2 The mass ratio of the Mn to the Mn is 1 (1.4-1.6).
Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the TiB 2 20% -24% of TiB 2 The mass ratio of the Mn to the Mn is (1.23-1.25): 1.
optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the TiB 2 5% of said TiB 2 The mass ratio of the Mn to the Mn is 1: (3.5-4).
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises the following steps:
mixing TiB 2 Heating the/Al composite material, pure Mn and pure Al to be molten, and standing at a heat preservation state after all raw materials are dissolved to obtain an alloy melt;
sequentially removing impurities, refining and dredging slag from the alloy melt;
stirring and casting the alloy melt after slag dragging treatment in sequence to obtain an aluminum alloy additive containing the following alloy components in percentage by mass, namely TiB 2 5-25 percent of Mn, 14-20 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al.
Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the TiB 2 TiB in/Al composite material 2 The mass percentage of the component (A) is 20-30%.
Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the TiB 2 The particle size diameter of the/Al composite material is 100nm-2.0 mu m.
Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the heating temperature is 900 ℃ to 1100 ℃.
Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the method for preparing the aluminum alloy additive further includes: in the above-mentionedBefore heating: mixing TiB 2 And drying the/Al composite material, pure Mn and pure Al.
Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the removing includes: adding a slag removing agent into the alloy melt, wherein the slag removing agent comprises the following components: sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium fluorosilicate, and fluorite.
Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the refining comprises: and introducing inert gas into the alloy melt after impurity removal, wherein the rotating speed is 300-700 r/min, and the refining time is 18-22 min.
Accordingly, a third aspect of the present application provides the use of the above-described aluminum alloy additive as a melting additive for aluminum alloys.
In a fourth aspect of the present application, an aluminum alloy is provided, which contains the above aluminum alloy additive, wherein the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1% to 2%.
The application has one or more of the following beneficial effects:
in the application, a seed crystal material TiB is firstly prepared 2 The particles, Mn element and Al element are combined to form an additive for refining and strengthening the as-cast structure of the aluminum alloy, the additive can be directly added into aluminum liquid in the smelting process of the aluminum alloy, and TiB is adjusted according to different aluminum alloy systems 2 Compared with Mn, the additive realizes one-time addition of alloying, thinning and strengthening, and solves the problem of complex addition process of the existing additive. Seed crystal material TiB 2 Can be used as a heterogeneous nucleation core to effectively refine alpha-Al grains in the solidification process, and simultaneously, the sub-micron TiB 2 The particles are dispersed in the Al matrix, and can play a role in dispersion strengthening to improve the strength of the aluminum alloy; the Mn element can improve the appearance of Fe phase influencing the mechanical property in the aluminum alloy and eliminate the harmful effect of impurity Fe in the cast aluminum alloy.
When the additive is used as a smelting additive of an aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, the eutectic silicon form in the as-cast Al7SiMg aluminum alloy is changed into a fine spherical or rod shape from a thick sheet shape or a needle shape, the alpha-Al grain size is refined, the as-cast structure of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy is effectively refined and strengthened, the Fe shape in the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy is improved, the service performance of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy is improved, and the application range of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy is expanded.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an as-cast gold phase diagram of an aluminum alloy additive provided herein;
FIG. 2 is an as-cast gold phase diagram of an aluminum alloy additive provided herein;
FIG. 3 is an as-cast gold phase diagram of an Al7SiMg aluminum alloy with an aluminum alloy additive provided herein;
FIG. 4 is an as-cast gold phase diagram of an Al7SiMg aluminum alloy with an aluminum alloy additive provided herein.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. Furthermore, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating exemplary embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the present application, unless otherwise specified, the use of directional terms such as "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" generally refer to upper, lower, left and right in the actual use or operation of the device, and specifically to the orientation of the drawing figures.
The present application provides an aluminum alloy additive, a method of making the same, and applications of the same, which are described in detail below. It should be noted that the following description of the embodiments is not intended to limit the preferred order of the embodiments of the present application. In the following embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment.
The embodiment of the application provides an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 5-25 percent of Mn, 14-20 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurities and the balance of Al.
It should be noted that iron is the most common impurity in cast aluminum alloy, and reducing the content of iron in aluminum alloy is a problem to be solved in recycling aluminum and aluminum alloy and in conventional production of aluminum and aluminum alloy. The Al-Si-Mg alloy mainly exists in the form of Al-Si-Fe intermetallic compounds, and commonly has two types of alpha-Fe phases and beta-Fe phases, the structure appearance of the alpha-Fe phases is Chinese character-shaped or skeleton-shaped, and the like, the alpha-Fe phases exist in Chinese character-shaped or skeleton-shaped and other forms, and the harmful effect on a matrix is not obvious; the beta-iron phase is in a thick needle shape (three-dimensional is in a sheet shape) and has uneven deformation, so that higher stress concentration exists at the junction of the iron phase and the metal matrix, and the mechanical property of the alloy is obviously reduced, therefore, the reduction of the needle-shaped iron phase is very important. The Mn element of the additive can greatly reduce the quantity and size of a beta-Fe phase, even completely disappear the beta-Fe phase, change the form of the iron phase in the aluminum alloy, avoid the generation of needle-shaped or sheet-shaped iron phase, and enable the iron phase to exist as an alpha-Fe phase as far as possible, thereby improving the appearance of the Fe phase influencing the mechanical property in the aluminum alloy, so as to reduce the cutting effect of the beta-Fe relative to a matrix and eliminate the harmful effect of impurity Fe in cast aluminum alloy.
Seed material TiB of additive 2 The particles are of hexagonal crystal structure, TiB 2 And the mismatching degree of the plane point front of alpha-Al is less than 15 percent, and from the point of lattice matching, TiB 2 The alpha-Al potential nucleation substrate can be used as a heterogeneous nucleation core to effectively refine grains in the solidification process, and is beneficial to obtaining a finer solidification structure, so that the defects are eliminated, and the mechanical property is improved; simultaneous submicron-sized TiB 2 The particles are dispersed in the Al matrix, which can play a role of dispersion strengthening and improve the alloyThe strength of gold.
It is further noted that in some embodiments, the TiB is adjusted for different aluminum alloy systems 2 The mass ratio of the Mn-Mn alloy powder to Mn realizes one-time addition of alloying, thinning and strengthening.
In some embodiments, an aluminum alloy additive, TiB, is provided comprising an alloy composition 2 5％-12％，Mn 14％-20％，TiB 2 The mass ratio of the Mn to the Mn is 1 (1.4-1.6). The aluminum alloy additive is added into the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, so that the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation of the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy are improved, and the aluminum alloy additive can be used for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy additive is used in ZL101A and ZL114A, preferably TiB 2 The mass ratio of the Mn to the Mn is 10/16, namely Al16Mn10TiB 2 . In the alloy system, the best effect is achieved when the addition amount of Mn is 0.16 wt% of the alloy mass.
In other embodiments, an aluminum alloy additive is provided that includes, in mass percent: TiB 2 20-24 percent of Mn, 14-20 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al. TiB 2 The mass ratio of Mn to Mn is (1.23-1.25): 1. the aluminum alloy additive is added into the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, which is beneficial to improving the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, but along with TiB 2 The particle is improved, the elongation is slightly reduced, and the method can be used for preparing the high-strength high-yield aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy. In one specific example, TiB may be prepared 2 Additive with mass ratio of Mn of 20/16, namely Al16Mn20TiB 2 . By adding the additive to ZL101A and ZL114A, the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum alloy ZL101A and ZL114A are increased, the elongation is reduced, but the elongation is reduced little, and TiB is increased 2 The addition of particles increases the cost of the addition, and Al16Mn20TiB is added in view of the use effect 2 Has higher strength while maintaining good toughness, but is more costly to use.
In other embodiments, an aluminum alloy additive is provided that includes, in mass percent: TiB 2 5 percent of Mn, 14 to 20 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurities and the balance of Al.TiB 2 The mass ratio of Mn to Mn is 1: (3.5-4). The aluminum alloy additive is added into the manganese-containing alloy (the Mn content is 0.3-0.1 percent), which is beneficial to ensuring that the Mn content of the manganese-containing alloy reaches the standard and TiB 2 The particles are refined, the cast structure is strengthened, and the strength of the manganese-containing alloy is improved. In one embodiment, the Mn content is increased and the TiB content is decreased 2 In an amount of, e.g., Al20Mn5TiB 2 The additive is suitable for being added into aluminum alloy with about 0.4 wt% of Mn, such as ZL205A, after the additive is added, the Mn content in ZL205A reaches the standard, and 0.1 wt% of TiB is matched in ZL205A aluminum alloy 2 The particles can enable ZL205A to have more excellent mechanical properties.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the application also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy additive, which comprises the following steps:
s1, sequentially adding TiB into the smelting furnace 2 Heating the Al composite material, pure Mn and aluminum ingot to 900-1100 ℃ for complete melting, and standing while keeping the temperature after all raw materials are dissolved to obtain the alloy melt.
It is noted that the heating temperature is 900-1100 ℃, the melt viscosity is reduced, and the Mn and TiB are improved 2 The diffusion speed is matched with rapid cooling, so that the aluminum alloy additive is beneficial to more uniform distribution of the structural components.
In some embodiments, the time of rest is 55 minutes to 65 minutes, which is advantageous for TiB 2 More uniform dispersion in the aluminum melt and avoidance of TiB 2 Agglomeration and sedimentation phenomena occur. In other embodiments, before performing step S1, the method may further include: all the raw materials are dried. And calculating and batching according to the components of the designed aluminum alloy additive.
And S2, sequentially removing impurities, refining and dredging slag from the alloy melt.
It should be noted that the impurity removal processing in the step S2 specifically includes: and adding a slag removing agent into the alloy melt for removing impurities. The scum generated in the alloy melting process is loosened by adding the slag removing agent, and is easy to clean and remove, and impurities are removed. The slag removing agent can adopt the components of the conventional aluminum alloy slag removing agent. For example, a slag remover consisting of the following ingredients can be used, including: sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium fluorosilicate, and fluorite.
The refining treatment in the step S2 can adopt conventional degassing rotary refining to play a role in purifying the molten aluminum. For example, degassing refining is performed by introducing an inert gas into the alloy melt. In a specific example, argon gas is introduced into the alloy melt by using a rotary blowing device, wherein the rotating speed is 300-700 revolutions per minute, and the refining time is 18-22 minutes.
And after the refining treatment is finished, carrying out slag salvaging treatment on the alloy melt. Specifically, floaters on the surface of the alloy melt are fished out, and the alloy melt is further purified.
S3, stirring and casting the alloy melt after slag dragging treatment in sequence to obtain an aluminum alloy additive containing the following alloy components, namely TiB (titanium boride) in percentage by mass 2 5-25 percent of Mn, 14-20 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al. In the step, the alloy melt is stirred uniformly, which is beneficial to leading TiB 2 Uniformly dispersed in the melt, and the refining effect of the additive is improved. In a specific example, the casting treatment is to cast the uniformly stirred alloy melt into a preheated waffle ingot mould for forming.
It should be noted that the stirring in the step S3 may be performed by a conventional stirring method capable of achieving a homogenization treatment of the alloy melt. For example, any stirring method such as mechanical stirring and vibration, electromagnetic stirring, or ultrasonic stirring can be used.
The microstructure of the aluminum alloy additive prepared by the method is shown in figures 1 and 2, and the position indicated by the arrow in figure 2 is TiB 2 The particles are uniformly dispersed in the Al matrix, and TiB is not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 2 Agglomeration of particles and Mn element.
In other embodiments of the present application, TiB 2 The particle size diameter of the/Al composite material is 100nm-2.0 mu m. Using sub-micron TiB 2 the/Al composite material can play a role in dispersion strengthening to improve the strength of the alloy. Note that TiB 2 the/Al composite material is a commercial material. In some embodiments, TiB 2 TiB of/Al composite material 2 The mass percentage of the component (A) is 20-30%. Adopting TiB with the mass percentage of more than 20 percent 2 In the preparation of aluminum alloy additives, TiB 2 The mass ratio of Mn to Mn is more flexible, and the requirements of different aluminum alloys on additives can be met.
TiB 2 the/Al composite material can be prepared by a melt self-propagating method, and comprises the following specific steps:
comprises the following components, wherein the mass percentage of B is 1.0-2.5%, the molar ratio of Ti to B is 1/2, the balance is Al, and the phase composition comprises alpha-Al and TiB 2 ，TiB 2 An average particle size of 0.6 μm or less, TiB 2 The particles are dispersed relatively uniformly; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials, weighing H according to requirements 3 BO 3 、TiO 2 Aluminum powder, titanium powder, aluminum ingot, wherein H 3 BO 3 ：TiO 2 : al powder: molar ratio of Ti powder ═ (3.5-5.2): (0.5-2.1):(3.5-5.7): (0.2-1.5), the molar ratio of Ti/B is 1/2, and the purity of the aluminum ingot is 99.9%;
(2) h is to be 3 BO 3 、TiO 2 Mixing, heating at 200 deg.C for two hours, removing water, taking out every 20-40 min, stirring to dry powder uniformly without agglomeration;
(3) heating the TiO 2 、H 3 BO 3 Mixing the powder with aluminum powder and titanium powder uniformly, placing the uniformly mixed powder in a die, and pressing the powder into a block;
(4) heating the aluminum ingot to 900-; after the reaction is completed, press C 2 Cl 6 Refining, stirring, standing for 5-20min, removing slag, repeating the stirring, standing and removing slag process for 1-2 times, pouring the obtained melt into a steel mould preheated to 250 ℃ at the temperature of 750-900 ℃ to obtain the large-volume-fraction Al-TiB 2 Pure phase master alloys, i.e. TiB 2 a/Al composite material.
The method adopts a melt self-propagating direct synthesis method, utilizes wide raw material sources and has low cost TiO 2 、H 3 BO 3 Develops a pure phase Al-TiB with environment-friendly and clean preparation process and high particle content 2 And (3) intermediate alloy. Solves the problems of difficult preparation, high preparation cost and TiAl existing in the traditional method 3 Residual problem, TiB in master alloy 2 The particle size is small, the distribution is uniform, the particle content is high or the volume fraction is large, the volume fraction can reach 25 percent, and generally the maximum can reach 50 percent; the obtained intermediate alloy is pure phase and only contains alpha-Al and TiB 2 。
In other embodiments of the present application, the aluminum alloy additive is used as a melting additive for aluminum silicon magnesium alloy. The aluminum alloy additive has the advantages of good refining effect, simple operation steps, direct addition in the smelting process of the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, no need of controlling the addition temperature and mild addition conditions.
In some embodiments, the aluminum silicon magnesium alloy is an Al7SiMg aluminum alloy. The as-cast structure of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy without refinement and deterioration is a coarse flaky or acicular eutectic silicon and alpha-Al dendritic crystal structure, and the mechanical property is lower. In addition, the main impurity of the Al7SiMg alloy is Fe, and the mechanical property of the Al7SiMg alloy casting is influenced by the high Fe content.
In the Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy smelting process, an aluminum alloy additive is added into the molten alloy solution, and a single-cast test bar is cast for performance test, and the test results are as follows:
referring to fig. 3 and 4, which are as-cast gold phase diagrams of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy added with the aluminum alloy additive, it can be seen from fig. 3 that the secondary dendrite arm spacing is 20 μm-25 μm, which shows that after the aluminum alloy additive is added, the secondary dendrite arm spacing of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy is obviously refined, the refined structure is uniform, and the as-cast structure of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy is obviously improved. As can be seen in FIG. 4, TiB 2 The particles are uniformly distributed in the crystal, and the structure is effectively refined. The acicular or flaky beta-Fe phase is not found in the matrix, which shows that the addition of the aluminum alloy additive can greatly reduce the quantity and the size of the beta-Fe phase, even the beta-Fe phase completely disappears, and the effect is obvious. Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be seen that TiB of the aluminum alloy additive 2 The shape of the eutectic silicon is changed from a coarse sheet shape or a needle shape into a fine spherical shape or a rod shape, and meanwhile, alpha-Al crystal grains are refined; the Mn element of the aluminum alloy additive improves the appearance of an impurity Fe phase influencing the mechanical property in Al7SiMg, and eliminates the harmful effect of the impurity Fe. The tensile strength and the yield strength of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy are greatly improved, the elongation is improved, the service performance of the Al7SiMg alloy is improved by adding the aluminum alloy additive, and the application range of the Al7SiMg alloy is expanded.
Correspondingly, other embodiments of the present application further provide an aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, which contains the aluminum alloy additive and the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy as described in the above embodiments, wherein the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1% -2%. In some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy additive is 1 wt%, the obtained aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy material has good toughness matching. In other embodiments, when the aluminum alloy additive is present at 2% (ensuring a Mn content of 0.16%, TiB) 2 0.2%), the tensile strength and yield strength of the obtained Al-Si-Mg alloy material are greatly improved, but the elongation is slightly lower.
In order to clearly understand the details and operation of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention and to make the improvement of the performance of the aluminum alloy additive of the embodiments of the present invention obvious, the above-mentioned technical solutions are exemplified by a plurality of application examples.
Application example 1
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 10 percent of Mn15 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurities and the balance of Al.
The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.
The Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: si7.0 percent, Mg0.275 percent, Ti0.15 percent, Fe less than 0.2 percent and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting T6 are shown in Table 1 below.
Application example 2
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 14.9 percent of Mn, 14.5 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al.
The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.
The Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: si7.0 percent, Mg0.275 percent, Ti0.15 percent, Fe less than 0.2 percent and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting of T6 are shown in Table 1 below.
Application example 3
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 20 percent of Mn16.25 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurities and the balance of Al.
The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.7%.
The Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: si7.0 percent, Mg0.275 percent, Ti0.15 percent, Fe less than 0.2 percent and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting T6 are shown in Table 1 below.
Application example 4
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 20 percent of Mn16 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurities and the balance of Al.
The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 2%.
The Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: si7.0 percent, Mg0.275 percent, Ti0.15 percent, Fe less than 0.2 percent and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting of T6 are shown in Table 1 below.
Application example 5
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 11 percent of Mn, 17.6 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al.
The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.
The Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: si7.0 percent, Mg0.275 percent, Ti0.15 percent, Fe less than 0.2 percent and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting of T6 are shown in Table 1 below.
Application example 6
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 12 percent of Mn, 19.2 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al.
The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.
The Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: si7.0 percent, Mg0.275 percent, Ti0.15 percent, Fe less than 0.2 percent and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting T6 are shown in Table 1 below.
The following table 1 is a comparison table of mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy added with the aluminum alloy additive and ZL101A aluminum alloy (national standard) subjected to gravity casting T6 heat treatment.
TABLE 1
Application example 7
Provides an aluminum alloy additive which comprises the following components in percentage by massThe content meter comprises: TiB 2 10 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurities and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percent of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.
The Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy comprises the following alloy components: according to the mass percentage, the alloy comprises 7.0 percent of Si, 0.55 percent of Mg0.55 percent, 0.15 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.75 percent of impurities and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting of T6 are shown in Table 2 below.
Application example 8
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 11 percent of Mn, 17.6 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percent of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.8%.
The Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy comprises the following alloy components: according to the mass percentage, the alloy comprises 7.0 percent of Si, 0.55 percent of Mg0.15 percent of Ti0.15 percent of impurity, less than or equal to 0.75 percent of impurity and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting T6 are shown in Table 2 below.
Application example 9
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 11 percent of Mn, 17.6 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percent of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.8%.
The Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy comprises the following alloy components: according to the mass percentage, the alloy comprises 7.0 percent of Si, 0.55 percent of Mg0.55 percent, 0.15 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.75 percent of impurities and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting T6 are shown in Table 2 below.
Application example 10
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 10.5 percent, Mn 16.8 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurities and the balance of Al. Mixing the above aluminum alloyThe gold additive is used as a smelting additive of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percent of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.2%.
The Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy comprises the following alloy components: according to the mass percentage, the alloy comprises 7.0 percent of Si, 0.55 percent of Mg0.55 percent, 0.15 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.75 percent of impurities and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting T6 are shown in Table 2 below.
Application example 11
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 10 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurities and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percent of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.1%.
The Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy comprises the following alloy components: according to the mass percentage, the alloy comprises 7.0 percent of Si, 0.55 percent of Mg0.55 percent, 0.15 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.75 percent of impurities and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting T6 are shown in Table 2 below.
Application example 12
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 12 percent of Mn, 19.2 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percent of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.
The Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy comprises the following alloy components: according to the mass percentage, the alloy comprises 7.0 percent of Si, 0.55 percent of Mg0.15 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.75 percent of impurities and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting T6 are shown in Table 2 below.
Application example 13
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 20 percent of Mn16 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurities and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percent of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.9%。
The Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy comprises the following alloy components in percentage by weight: according to the mass percentage, the alloy comprises 7.0 percent of Si, 0.55 percent of Mg0.55 percent, 0.15 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.75 percent of impurities and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting T6 are shown in Table 2 below.
Application example 14
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 11.5 percent of Mn, 18.4 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurities and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percent of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.8%.
The Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy comprises the following alloy components: according to the mass percentage, Si: 7.0 percent, Mg0.55 percent, Ti0.15 percent, less than or equal to 0.75 percent of impurities and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting T6 are shown in Table 2 below.
Application example 15
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 11.5 percent of Mn, 18.4 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurities and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percent of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.2%.
The Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy comprises the following alloy components: according to the mass percentage, the alloy comprises 7.0 percent of Si, 0.55 percent of Mg0.55 percent, 0.15 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.75 percent of impurities and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting T6 are shown in Table 2 below.
Table 2 below is a table comparing the mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy with ZL114A (QJ3185-2003) grade 1 after heat treatment of gravity casting T6 with aluminum alloy additives.
TABLE 2
Application example 16
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 5 percent of Mn, 20 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percent of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.1%.
The alloy composition of the ZL205A aluminum alloy comprises: according to the mass percentage, the alloy comprises, by mass, 4.6% of Cu4.6%, 0.3% of Mn0.25%, 0.25% of Ti, 0.15% of Cd0.15%, 0.15% of V, 0.1% of Zr0, 0.007% of B, and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting of T6 are shown in Table 3 below.
Application example 17
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 5 percent of Mn, 17.5 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.3%.
The alloy composition of the ZL205A aluminum alloy comprises: according to the mass percentage, the alloy comprises, by mass, 4.6% of Cu4.6%, 0.3% of Mn0.25%, 0.25% of Ti, 0.15% of Cd0.15%, 0.15% of V, 0.1% of Zr0, 0.007% of B, and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of the ZL205A aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting T6 are shown in Table 3 below.
Application example 18
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 5 percent of Mn, 18.5 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurities and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.3%.
The alloy composition of the ZL205A aluminum alloy comprises: according to the mass percentage, the alloy comprises, by mass, 4.6% of Cu4.6%, 0.3% of Mn0.25%, 0.25% of Ti, 0.15% of Cd0.15%, 0.15% of V, 0.1% of Zr0, 0.007% of B, and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting of T6 are shown in Table 3 below.
Application example 19
Provides an aluminum alloy additiveThe additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 5 percent of Mn, 19.55 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurities and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percent of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.2%.
The alloy composition of the ZL205A aluminum alloy comprises: according to the mass percentage, the alloy comprises, by mass, 4.6% of Cu4.6%, 0.3% of Mn0.25%, 0.25% of Ti, 0.15% of Cd0.15%, 0.15% of V, 0.1% of Zr0, 0.007% of B, and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting of T6 are shown in Table 3 below.
Application example 20
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 5 percent of Mn, 20 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percent of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.5%.
The alloy composition of the ZL205A aluminum alloy comprises: according to the mass percentage, the alloy comprises, by mass, 4.6% of Cu4.6%, 0.3% of Mn0.25%, 0.25% of Ti, 0.15% of Cd0.15%, 0.15% of V, 0.1% of Zr0, 0.007% of B, and the balance of Al.
The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting of T6 are shown in Table 3 below.
Application example 21
The aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: TiB 2 5 percent of Mn20 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurities and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive of ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percent of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.
The alloy composition of the ZL205A aluminum alloy comprises: according to the mass percentage, the alloy comprises, by mass, 4.6% of Cu4, 3% of Mn0.3%, 0.25% of Ti, 0.15% of Cd0, 0.15% of V, 0.1% of Zr0, 0.007% of B, and the balance Al.
The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after heat treatment by gravity casting of T6 are shown in Table 3 below.
Table 3 below is a table comparing the mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy with ZL205A (QJ3185-2003) grade 1 after heat treatment in gravity casting T6 with aluminum alloy additives.
| Tensile strength, MPa | Yield strength, MPa | Elongation percentage of% | |
| Application example 16 | 506 | 441 | 6.3 |
| Application example 17 | 510 | 448 | 7.2 |
| Application example 18 | 508 | 444.5 | 6.7 |
| Application example 19 | 521 | 457 | 7.28 |
| Application example 20 | 509 | 445 | 6.62 |
| Application example 21 | 517 | 444 | 7.94 |
| ZL205A (QJ3185-2003) |
490 | 350 | 3 |
TABLE 3
In conclusion, the Al7SiMg (ZL101A, ZL114A) and ZL205A aluminum alloys added with the aluminum alloy additive show good microstructure and mechanical properties, the tensile strength and yield strength are both greatly improved, and the elongation is kept above 5%.
The present application is described in detail above, and the principles and embodiments of the present application are described herein by using specific examples, which are only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the present application; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.
Claims (13)
1. The aluminum alloy additive is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
TiB 2 5-25 percent of Mn, 14-20 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al.
2. The aluminum alloy additive of claim 1, wherein the TiB 2 5% -12%, the said TiB 2 The mass ratio of the Mn to the Mn is 1 (1.4-1.6).
3. According to claimThe aluminum alloy additive as described in 1, wherein said TiB 2 20% -24% of TiB 2 The mass ratio of the Mn to the Mn is (1.23-1.25): 1.
4. the aluminum alloy additive of claim 1, wherein the TiB 2 5% of said TiB 2 The mass ratio of the Mn to the Mn is 1: (3.5-4).
5. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy additive is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
mixing TiB 2 Heating the Al composite material, pure Mn and pure Al until the materials are molten, and standing the materials at a constant temperature after all the materials are dissolved to obtain an alloy melt;
sequentially removing impurities, refining and dredging slag from the alloy melt;
stirring and casting the alloy melt after slag dragging treatment in sequence to obtain an aluminum alloy additive containing the following alloy components in percentage by mass, namely TiB 2 5-25 percent of Mn, 14-20 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the TiB is added to the aluminum alloy 2 TiB in/Al composite material 2 The mass percentage of the component (A) is 20-30%.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the TiB is added to the aluminum alloy 2 The particle size diameter of the/Al composite material is 100nm-2.0 mu m.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the heating is at a temperature of 900 ℃ to 1100 ℃.
9. The method of preparing an aluminum alloy additive of claim 5, further comprising: prior to said heating: mixing TiB 2 Al composite material, pure Mn and pure AlAnd (5) drying.
10. The method of claim 5, wherein the removing impurities comprises: adding a slag removing agent into the alloy melt, wherein the slag removing agent comprises the following components: sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium fluorosilicate, and fluorite.
11. The method of preparing an aluminum alloy additive of claim 5, wherein the refining comprises: and introducing inert gas into the alloy melt after impurity removal, wherein the rotating speed is 300-700 r/min, and the refining time is 18-22 min.
12. Use of the aluminum alloy additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4 as a melting additive for aluminum alloys, or use of the aluminum alloy additive prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 11 as a melting additive for aluminum alloys.
13. An aluminium alloy comprising an aluminium alloy additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in an amount of 1 to 2% by weight.
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