CN115044806B - Aluminum alloy additive and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides an aluminum alloy additive and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: tiB ₂ 5-25 percent of Mn, 14-20 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of impurity and the balance of Al. The application adjusts TiB for different aluminum alloy systems ₂ The mass ratio of the Fe phase to Mn is that the alloying-refining-strengthening one-time addition is realized, the cast structure of the aluminum alloy can be improved, the grain size is reduced, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum alloy are improved, the Fe phase morphology influencing the mechanical property in the aluminum alloy is improved, the harmful effect of impurity Fe in the cast aluminum alloy is eliminated, and the aluminum alloy added with the aluminum alloy additive shows good microstructure and mechanical property; the addition steps are simple, and the addition conditions are mild.

Description

Aluminum alloy additive and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of metal materials, and in particular to an aluminum alloy additive and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background Art

Aluminum alloys have excellent properties such as good fluidity, no tendency to hot cracking, small linear shrinkage, low specific gravity and good corrosion resistance, making them widely used in industrial fields such as automobiles, aviation, construction, transportation and electricity. With the increasing application of aluminum alloys in high-tech fields, the requirements for the organization and performance of aluminum alloys are also getting higher and higher. How to obtain the best as-cast structure is the basis for controlling the deformed structure and its properties, and it is also one of the key steps. Grain size and morphology are important characteristics of as-cast structure. Small and uniform equiaxed grains are what people want to see. To obtain this structure, it is essential to take necessary grain refinement measures.

At present, in industrial production, grains are refined by adding aluminum alloy grain refiners to aluminum alloys. Commonly used aluminum alloy grain refiners are Al-Ti-B, Al-Ti-C and Al-Ti-B-C, but the refinement performance is limited and the quality of castings with higher performance requirements cannot be met under limited costs.

On the other hand, it is inevitable that there is a certain amount of impurity iron in aluminum and aluminum alloys. This comes first from the raw materials, and secondly, because the smelting tools and casting molds such as crucibles used in the smelting and casting process are mostly iron, so iron is brought into the aluminum liquid. For example, in aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloys, it mainly exists in the form of aluminum-silicon-iron intermetallic compounds. The common ones are α-Fe phase and β-Fe phase. The organizational morphology of α-Fe phase is Chinese character-shaped or skeleton-shaped, and β-iron phase is needle-shaped (three-dimensional is sheet-shaped). Studies have shown that the iron phase in the form of needles and sheets is harmful to the mechanical properties of the alloy, and its harmful effect is not obvious when it exists in the form of Chinese characters (skeleton-shaped). Under normal circumstances, the iron phase is more likely to appear in the form of needle-shaped and sheet-shaped iron phases, thereby affecting the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys.

At present, the commonly used aluminum alloy refiners have high requirements for the quality of aluminum alloys. Adding refiners can only refine the grains, but has almost no effect on the impurity Fe in aluminum alloys, and has limited improvement on the performance of aluminum alloys. In addition, the existing aluminum alloy additives are either too expensive to be widely used, or the steps and processes for use are complicated, which limits their application in production.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides an aluminum alloy additive and a preparation method and application thereof.

The first aspect of the present application is to provide an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which include, by mass percentage, TiB ₂ 5%-25%, Mn 14%-20%, impurities ≤1%, and the remainder Al.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the TiB ₂ is 5%-12%, and the mass ratio of the TiB ₂ to the Mn is 1:(1.4-1.6).

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the TiB ₂ is 20%-24%, and the mass ratio of the TiB ₂ to the Mn is (1.23-1.25):1.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the TiB ₂ is 5%, and the mass ratio of the TiB ₂ to the Mn is 1:(3.5-4).

The second aspect of the present application is to provide a method for preparing an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises the following steps:

The TiB ₂ /Al composite material, pure Mn and pure Al are heated to melt, and after all the raw materials are dissolved, the mixture is kept at the temperature and allowed to stand to obtain an alloy melt;

The alloy melt is sequentially subjected to impurity removal, refining and slag removal treatments;

The alloy melt after the slag removal treatment is stirred and cast in sequence to obtain an aluminum alloy additive having the following alloy composition: TiB ₂ 5%-25%, Mn 14%-20%, impurities ≤1%, and the rest Al.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the mass percentage of TiB ₂ in the TiB ₂ /Al composite material is 20%-30%.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the particle diameter of the TiB ₂ /Al composite material is 100 nm-2.0 μm.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the heating temperature is 900°C-1100°C.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the method for preparing the aluminum alloy additive further comprises: before the heating: drying the TiB ₂ /Al composite material, pure Mn and pure Al.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the impurity removal includes: adding a slag remover to the alloy melt, and the components of the slag remover include: sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium fluorosilicate and fluorite.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the refining includes: introducing an inert gas into the alloy melt after impurities are removed, wherein the rotation speed is 300 rpm-700 rpm, and the refining time is 18 minutes-22 minutes.

Correspondingly, the third aspect of the present application is to provide the application of the above-mentioned aluminum alloy additive as a smelting additive for aluminum alloy.

The fourth aspect of the present application is to provide an aluminum alloy, which contains the above-mentioned aluminum alloy additive, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%-2%.

The present application has one or more of the following beneficial effects:

This application, for the first time, combines the seed material _TiB2 particles, Mn elements and Al elements to form an additive for refining and strengthening the cast structure of aluminum alloy. The additive can be directly added to the aluminum liquid during the smelting process of the aluminum alloy. According to different aluminum alloy systems, the mass ratio of _TiB2 and Mn is adjusted to achieve "alloying-refining-strengthening" one-time addition, which improves the problem of the complicated addition process of existing additives. The seed material _TiB2 can be used as a heterogeneous nucleation core to effectively refine the α-Al grains during the solidification process. At the same time, the submicron _TiB2 particles are dispersed in the Al matrix, which can play a role in dispersion strengthening to improve the strength of the aluminum alloy; the Mn element can improve the Fe phase morphology that affects the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy and eliminate the harmful effects of impurity Fe in the cast aluminum alloy.

The additive of the present application, when used as a smelting additive for aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, changes the morphology of eutectic silicon in the cast Al7SiMg aluminum alloy from coarse flakes or needles to fine spheres or rods, while refining the α-Al grain size, effectively refining and strengthening the cast structure of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy, and improving the Fe morphology in the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy, thereby improving the performance of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy and expanding its application range.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

FIG1 is a metallographic diagram of the cast state of the aluminum alloy additive provided by the present application;

FIG2 is a metallographic image of the cast state of the aluminum alloy additive provided by the present application;

FIG3 is a metallographic image of the cast Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after adding aluminum alloy additives provided by the present application;

FIG. 4 is a metallographic image of the cast Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after adding aluminum alloy additives provided in the present application.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application. In addition, it should be understood that the specific implementation methods described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application. In the present application, unless otherwise stated, the directional words used, such as "up", "down", "left", and "right", generally refer to the up, down, left, and right of the device in actual use or working state, specifically the drawing direction in the accompanying drawings.

The present application provides an aluminum alloy additive and a preparation method and application thereof, which are described in detail below. It should be noted that the description order of the following embodiments does not limit the preferred order of the embodiments of the present application. In the following embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant description of other embodiments.

The embodiment of the present application provides an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which include, by mass percentage, TiB ₂ 5%-25%, Mn 14%-20%, impurities ≤1%, and the remainder Al.

It should be noted that iron is the most common impurity in cast aluminum alloys. Reducing the content of iron in aluminum alloys is a problem that needs to be solved in the recycling of aluminum and aluminum alloys and the conventional production of aluminum and aluminum alloys. In aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloys, it mainly exists in the form of aluminum-silicon-iron intermetallic compounds. The common ones are α-Fe phase and β-Fe phase. The organizational morphology of α-Fe phase is Chinese character-shaped or bone-shaped. α-Fe phase exists in Chinese character-shaped or bone-shaped and other forms, and its harmful effect on the matrix is not very obvious; while β-iron phase is in the form of coarse needles (sheet-shaped in three dimensions), with uneven deformation, resulting in relatively high stress concentration at the junction of iron phase and metal matrix, which significantly reduces the mechanical properties of the alloy. Therefore, it is very important to reduce this needle-shaped iron phase. The Mn element in the additive of the present application can greatly reduce the number and size of the β-Fe phase, and even make the β-Fe phase disappear completely, changing the form of the iron phase in the aluminum alloy, avoiding the formation of needle-shaped or flaky iron phases, and making the iron phase exist in the α-Fe phase as much as possible, thereby improving the morphology of the Fe phase that affects the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy, thereby reducing the splitting effect of the β-Fe phase on the matrix and eliminating the harmful effects of impurity Fe in the cast aluminum alloy.

The seed material _TiB2 particles of the additive have a hexagonal crystal structure. The mismatch between the plane lattice plane of _TiB2 and the plane lattice plane of α-Al is less than 15%. From the perspective of lattice matching, _TiB2 is a potential nucleation substrate for α-Al. During the solidification process, it can serve as a heterogeneous nucleation core to effectively refine the grains, which helps to obtain a finer solidification structure, thereby eliminating defects and improving mechanical properties. At the same time, submicron _TiB2 particles are dispersed in the Al matrix, which can play a role in dispersion strengthening and improve the strength of the alloy.

It should be further explained that, in some embodiments, the mass ratio of _TiB2 to Mn is adjusted for different aluminum alloy systems to achieve "alloying-refining-strengthening" in one addition.

In some embodiments, an aluminum alloy additive containing the following alloy components is provided: _TiB2 5%-12%, Mn14%-20%, and the mass ratio of _TiB2 to Mn is 1:(1.4-1.6). Adding the aluminum alloy additive to the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy is beneficial to improving the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, and can be used to prepare a high-strength and tough aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy. In a specific example, the aluminum alloy additive is applied in ZL101A and ZL114A, preferably the mass ratio of _TiB2 to Mn is 10/16, i.e., _Al16Mn10TiB2 . In this alloy system, the addition of Mn is 0.16wt% of the alloy mass for the best effect.

In other embodiments, an aluminum alloy additive containing the following alloy components is provided, which includes, by mass percentage: TiB ₂ 20%-24%, Mn 14%-20%, impurities ≤1%, and the rest Al. The mass ratio of TiB ₂ to Mn is (1.23-1.25): 1. Adding the aluminum alloy additive to the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy is beneficial to improving the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, but with the increase of TiB ₂ particles, the elongation decreases slightly, and it can be used to prepare high-strength and high-yield aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy. In a specific example, an additive with a mass ratio of TiB ₂ to Mn of 20/16 can be prepared, that is, Al16Mn20TiB ₂ . Adding this additive to ZL101A and ZL114A, the tensile strength and yield strength of ZL101A and ZL114A aluminum alloys will increase, and the elongation will decrease, but the elongation will decrease very little. In addition, adding _TiB2 particles will increase the cost of addition. From the perspective of use effect, adding _Al16Mn20TiB2 has higher strength while maintaining good toughness, but its use cost is higher.

In some other embodiments, an aluminum alloy additive containing the following alloy components is provided, which includes, by mass percentage, _TiB2 5%, Mn 14%-20%, impurities ≤1%, and the rest Al. The mass ratio of _TiB2 to Mn is 1:(3.5-4). Adding the aluminum alloy additive to the manganese-containing alloy (Mn content range 0.3-0.1%) is beneficial to making the Mn content of the manganese-containing alloy meet the standard, and the _TiB2 particles are refined and the cast structure is strengthened, which is beneficial to improving the strength of the manganese-containing alloy. In a specific embodiment, the Mn content is increased and the _TiB2 content is reduced, such as _Al20Mn5TiB2 . This additive is suitable for adding to aluminum alloys with a Mn content of about 0.4wt%, such as ZL205A. After adding this additive, the Mn content in ZL205A meets the standard, and 0.1wt% _TiB2 particles are matched in the ZL205A aluminum alloy, which can make ZL205A have better mechanical properties.

Accordingly, an embodiment of the present application also provides a method for preparing an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises the following steps:

S1, TiB ₂ /Al composite material, pure Mn and aluminum ingot are sequentially added into a furnace and heated to 900°C-1100°C to melt them all, and after all the raw materials are dissolved, they are kept at the temperature and allowed to stand to obtain an alloy melt.

It should be noted that the heating temperature is 900℃-1100℃, which reduces the melt viscosity and thus increases the diffusion rate of Mn and _TiB2 . Combined with rapid cooling, it is beneficial to make the distribution of the aluminum alloy additive structure more uniform.

In some embodiments, the standing time is 55 minutes to 65 minutes, which is conducive to more uniform dispersion of TiB ₂ in the aluminum melt and avoids agglomeration and sedimentation of TiB _2. In other embodiments, before performing step S1, the steps may also include: drying all raw materials first. And calculating and proportioning the ingredients according to the composition of the designed aluminum alloy additive.

S2, the alloy melt is subjected to impurity removal, refining and slag removal treatments in sequence.

It should be noted that the impurity removal treatment in step S2 is specifically: adding a slag remover into the alloy melt for impurity removal. The slag produced during the alloy melting process is loosened by adding the slag remover, which is easy to clean and remove, and remove impurities. The slag remover can use conventional aluminum alloy slag remover components. For example, a slag remover composed of the following components can be used, and its components include: sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium fluorosilicate and fluorite.

The refining treatment in step S2 can adopt conventional degassing rotary refining to purify the aluminum liquid. For example, degassing refining is adopted to introduce inert gas into the alloy melt for degassing refining. In a specific example, argon gas is introduced into the alloy melt using a rotary blowing device, wherein the rotation speed is 300 rpm-700 rpm, and the refining time is 18 minutes-22 minutes.

After the refining treatment is completed, the alloy melt is subjected to slag removal treatment, specifically, the floating materials on the surface of the alloy melt are removed to further purify the alloy melt.

S3, stirring and casting the alloy melt after the slag removal treatment in sequence to obtain an aluminum alloy additive having the following alloy composition, in terms of mass percentage, _TiB2 5%-25%, Mn 14%-20%, impurities ≤1%, and the rest Al. In this step, stirring the alloy melt evenly is conducive to evenly dispersing _TiB2 in the melt and improving the refinement effect of the additive. In a specific example, the casting process is specifically to pour the stirred alloy melt into a preheated waffle ingot mold for forming.

It should be noted that the stirring in step S3 can be carried out by a conventional stirring method that can achieve homogenization of the alloy melt, for example, any stirring method such as mechanical stirring, vibration, electromagnetic stirring or ultrasonic stirring can be used.

The microstructure of the aluminum alloy additive prepared by the above method is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The position indicated by the arrow in Figure 2 is where _TiB2 particles are uniformly dispersed in the Al matrix. There is no agglomeration of _TiB2 particles and Mn elements in Figures 1 and 2.

In other embodiments of the present application, the particle diameter of the TiB ₂ /Al composite material is 100nm-2.0μm. The use of submicron TiB ₂ /Al composite material can play a role in dispersion strengthening to improve the strength of the alloy. It should be noted that the TiB ₂ /Al composite material is a commercially available material. In some embodiments, the mass percentage of TiB ₂ in the TiB ₂ /Al composite material is 20%-30%. When using TiB ₂ with a mass percentage of more than 20%, the mass ratio of TiB ₂ and Mn is more flexible when preparing aluminum alloy additives, which can meet the requirements of different aluminum alloys for additives.

TiB ₂ /Al composite materials can be prepared by melt self-propagation method, the specific steps are as follows:

The method comprises the following components: the mass percentage of B is 1.0-2.5%, the molar ratio of Ti/B is 1/2, the balance is Al, the phase composition comprises α-Al and TiB ₂ , the average particle size of TiB ₂ is less than 0.6 μm, and the TiB ₂ particles are relatively evenly dispersed; and the following steps are included:

(1) Raw material preparation: weigh H ₃ BO ₃ , TiO ₂ , aluminum powder, titanium powder and aluminum ingot as required, wherein the molar ratio of H ₃ BO ₃ : TiO ₂ : Al powder: Ti powder is (3.5-5.2): (0.5-2.1): (3.5-5.7): (0.2-1.5), the molar ratio of Ti/B is 1/2, and the purity of the aluminum ingot is 99.9%;

(2) Mix H ₃ BO ₃ and TiO ₂ evenly, heat at 200°C for two hours to remove moisture, take out the mixture every 20-40 minutes during the removal process, and stir the powder to make it dry evenly and not easy to agglomerate;

(3) mixing the heated TiO ₂ , H ₃ BO ₃ and aluminum powder and titanium powder evenly, placing the evenly mixed powder in a mold, and pressing it into a block;

(4) heating the aluminum ingot to 900-1050° C. in a pit-type resistance furnace, and when the aluminum ingot is completely melted, pressing a graphite bell into the block of step (3), and taking out the bell after the reaction is ignited to carry out a melt self-propagating direct reaction for 5-8 min; after the reaction is completed, pressing C ₂ Cl ₆ for refining, stirring, standing for 5-20 min, and slagging, repeating the stirring, standing and slagging processes 1-2 times, and pouring the resulting melt into a steel mold preheated to 250° C. at 750-900° C. to obtain a large volume fraction Al-TiB ₂ pure phase master alloy, i.e., a TiB ₂ /Al composite material.

The method adopts melt self-propagating direct synthesis method, and utilizes TiO ₂ and H ₃ BO ₃ , which are widely available and low-cost raw materials, to develop a pure phase Al-TiB ₂ master alloy with an environmentally friendly, clean preparation process and high particle content. The problems of difficult preparation, high preparation cost and residual TiAl ₃ in the traditional method are solved. The TiB ₂ particles in the master alloy are small in size, evenly distributed, with high particle content or large volume fraction, which can reach 25% and generally up to 50%; the obtained master alloy is pure phase, with only α-Al and TiB ₂ .

In other embodiments of the present application, the above aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy. The aluminum alloy additive of this embodiment has good refinement effect, simple operation steps, and can be directly added during the smelting process of aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy without controlling the addition temperature and mild addition conditions.

In some embodiments, the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy is an Al7SiMg aluminum alloy. The cast structure of the unrefined and modified Al7SiMg aluminum alloy is a coarse lamellar or needle-shaped eutectic silicon and α-Al dendrite structure, and the mechanical properties are relatively low. In addition, the main impurity of the Al7SiMg alloy is Fe, and too high Fe content will affect the mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy casting.

During the smelting process of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, aluminum alloy additives were added to the molten alloy and cast into single cast test bars for performance testing. The test results are as follows:

Referring to Figures 3 and 4, the cast metallographic images of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after adding aluminum alloy additives are shown in Figure 3. The secondary dendrite arm spacing is 20μm-25μm, indicating that after adding aluminum alloy additives, the secondary dendrite arm spacing of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy is significantly refined, and the structure is uniform after refinement, which significantly improves the cast structure of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy. As shown in Figure 4, _TiB2 particles are evenly distributed in the crystal, effectively refining the structure. No needle-shaped or flaky β-Fe phase is found in the matrix, indicating that the addition of aluminum alloy additives can greatly reduce the number and size of β-Fe phase, and even make the β-Fe phase completely disappear, with significant effect. Combining Figures 3 and 4, it can be seen that the _TiB2 of the aluminum alloy additive changes the morphology of eutectic silicon from coarse flakes or needles to fine spheres or rods, and at the same time refines the α-Al grains; the Mn element of the aluminum alloy additive improves the morphology of the impurity Fe phase that affects the mechanical properties in Al7SiMg, eliminating the harmful effects of impurity Fe. The tensile strength and yield strength of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy are greatly improved, while the elongation is also improved. By adding aluminum alloy additives, the performance of Al7SiMg alloy is improved and its application range is expanded.

Correspondingly, some other embodiments of the present application also provide an aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, which contains the aluminum alloy additive and Al7SiMg aluminum alloy as described in the above embodiments, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%-2%. In some embodiments, when the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1wt%, the obtained aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy material has good strength and toughness matching. In other embodiments, when the content of the aluminum alloy additive is 2% (ensuring that the Mn content is 0.16% and the _TiB2 is 0.2%), the tensile strength and yield strength of the obtained aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy material are greatly improved, but the elongation is slightly lower.

In order to enable those skilled in the art to clearly understand the implementation details and operations of the present invention, and to demonstrate the significant improvement in performance of the aluminum alloy additives of the embodiments of the present invention, the above technical solutions are illustrated below by means of a number of application examples.

Application Example 1

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which, in terms of mass percentage, include: _TiB2 10%, Mn 15%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al.

The above aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.

The alloy components of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy include, by mass percentage, Si7.0%, Mg0.275%, Ti0.15%, Fe＜0.2%, and the rest is Al.

The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 1 below.

Application Example 2

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which, in terms of mass percentage, include: _TiB2 14.9%, Mn 14.5%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al.

The above aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.

The alloy components of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy include, by mass percentage, Si7.0%, Mg0.275%, Ti 0.15%, Fe＜0.2%, and the rest is Al.

The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 1 below.

Application Example 3

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which, in terms of mass percentage, include: _TiB2 20%, Mn 16.25%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al.

The above aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.7%.

The alloy components of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy include, by mass percentage, Si7.0%, Mg0.275%, Ti 0.15%, Fe＜0.2%, and the rest is Al.

The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 1 below.

Application Example 4

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which, in terms of mass percentage, include: _TiB2 20%, Mn 16%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al.

The above aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 2%.

The alloy components of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy include, by mass percentage, Si7.0%, Mg0.275%, Ti 0.15%, Fe＜0.2%, and the rest is Al.

The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 1 below.

Application Example 5

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which, in terms of mass percentage, include: _TiB2 11%, Mn 17.6%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al.

The above aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.

The alloy components of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy include, by mass percentage, Si7.0%, Mg0.275%, Ti 0.15%, Fe＜0.2%, and the rest is Al.

The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 1 below.

Application Example 6

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which, in terms of mass percentage, include: _TiB2 12%, Mn 19.2%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al.

The above aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.

The alloy components of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy include, by mass percentage, Si7.0%, Mg0.275%, Ti 0.15%, Fe＜0.2%, and the rest is Al.

The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1 below is a comparison table of mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after adding aluminum alloy additives and ZL101A aluminum alloy (national standard) after gravity casting T6 heat treatment.

Table 1

Application Example 7

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, ₁₀ % TiB2, 16% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.

The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si7.0%, Mg0.55%, Ti 0.15%, impurities ≤0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.

The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.

Application Example 8

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, 11% _TiB2 , 17.6% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.8%.

The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si7.0%, Mg0.55%, Ti0.15%, impurities≤0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.

The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.

Application Example 9

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, 11% _TiB2 , 17.6% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.8%.

The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si7.0%, Mg0.55%, Ti 0.15%, impurities ≤0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.

The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.

Application Example 10

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, 10.5% _TiB2 , 16.8% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.2%.

The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si7.0%, Mg0.55%, Ti 0.15%, impurities ≤0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.

The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.

Application Example 11

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, ₁₀ % TiB2, 16% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.1%.

The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si7.0%, Mg0.55%, Ti 0.15%, impurities ≤0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.

The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.

Application Example 12

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, 12% _TiB2 , 19.2% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.

The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si7.0%, Mg0.55%, Ti 0.15%, impurities ≤0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.

The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.

Application Example 13

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, ₂₀ % TiB2, 16% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.9%.

The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si7.0%, Mg0.55%, Ti 0.15%, impurities ≤0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.

The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.

Application Example 14

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, 11.5% _TiB2 , 18.4% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.8%.

The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si: 7.0%, Mg 0.55%, Ti 0.15%, impurities ≤ 0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.

The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.

Application Example 15

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, 11.5% _TiB2 , 18.4% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.2%.

The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si7.0%, Mg0.55%, Ti 0.15%, impurities ≤0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.

The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2 below is a comparison table of mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy after adding aluminum alloy additives and ZL114A (QJ3185-2003) grade 1 after gravity casting T6 heat treatment.

Table 2

Application Example 16

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the composition of which includes, by mass percentage, TiB ₂ 5%, Mn 20%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.1%.

The alloy components of ZL205A aluminum alloy include: in terms of mass percentage, Cu 4.6%, Mn 0.3%, Ti 0.25%, Cd 0.15%, V 0.15%, Zr 0.1%, B 0.007%, and the rest is Al.

The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 3 below.

Application Example 17

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the composition of which includes, by mass percentage, TiB ₂ 5%, Mn 17.5%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.3%.

The alloy composition of ZL205A aluminum alloy includes: in terms of mass percentage, Cu 4.6%, Mn 0.3%, Ti 0.25%, Cd 0.15%, V 0.15%, Zr 0.1%, B 0.007%, and the rest is Al.

The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 3 below.

Application Example 18

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which, by mass percentage, include: TiB ₂ 5%, Mn 18.5%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.3%.

The alloy composition of ZL205A aluminum alloy includes: in terms of mass percentage, Cu 4.6%, Mn 0.3%, Ti 0.25%, Cd 0.15%, V 0.15%, Zr 0.1%, B 0.007%, and the rest is Al.

The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 3 below.

Application Example 19

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the composition of which includes, by mass percentage, TiB ₂ 5%, Mn 19.55%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the rest Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.2%.

The alloy composition of ZL205A aluminum alloy includes: in terms of mass percentage, Cu 4.6%, Mn 0.3%, Ti 0.25%, Cd 0.15%, V 0.15%, Zr 0.1%, B 0.007%, and the rest is Al.

The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 3 below.

Application Example 20

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the composition of which includes, by mass percentage, TiB ₂ 5%, Mn 20%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.5%.

The alloy composition of ZL205A aluminum alloy includes: in terms of mass percentage, Cu 4.6%, Mn 0.3%, Ti 0.25%, Cd 0.15%, V 0.15%, Zr 0.1%, B 0.007%, and the rest is Al.

The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 3 below.

Application Example 21

Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the composition of which includes, by mass percentage, TiB ₂ 5%, Mn 20%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.

The alloy composition of ZL205A aluminum alloy includes: in terms of mass percentage, Cu 4.6%, Mn 0.3%, Ti 0.25%, Cd 0.15%, V 0.15%, Zr 0.1%, B 0.007%, and the rest is Al.

The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 3 below.

Table 3 below is a comparison table of mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after adding aluminum alloy additives and ZL205A (QJ3185-2003) grade 1 after gravity casting T6 heat treatment.

Tensile strength, MPa Yield strength, MPa Elongation, % Application Example 16 506 441 6.3 Application Example 17 510 448 7.2 Application Example 18 508 444.5 6.7 Application Example 19 521 457 7.28 Application Example 20 509 445 6.62 Application Example 21 517 444 7.94 ZL205A(QJ3185-2003)Level 1 490 350 3

Table 3

In summary, the Al7SiMg (ZL101A, ZL114A) and ZL205A aluminum alloys after adding aluminum alloy additives show good microstructure and mechanical properties, the tensile strength and yield strength are greatly improved, and the elongation is maintained above 5%.

The above is a detailed introduction to the present application. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims (13)

1. An application of an aluminum alloy additive as a smelting additive for aluminum alloys, characterized in that the aluminum alloy additive comprises, by mass percentage, TiB ₂ 5%-25%, Mn 14%-20%, impurities ≤1%, and the rest Al. 2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the TiB2 _is 5%-12%, and the mass ratio of the _TiB2 to the Mn is 1:(1.4-1.6). 3. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the _TiB2 is 20%-24%, and the mass ratio of the _TiB2 to the Mn is (1.23-1.25):1. 4. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the TiB2 _is 5%, and the mass ratio of the _TiB2 to the Mn is 1:(3.5-4). 5. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method of the aluminum alloy additive comprises the following steps: The TiB ₂ /Al composite material, pure Mn and pure Al are heated to melt, and after all the raw materials are dissolved, the mixture is kept at the temperature and allowed to stand to obtain an alloy melt; The alloy melt is sequentially subjected to impurity removal, refining and slag removal treatments; The alloy melt after slag removal is stirred and cast in sequence to obtain an aluminum alloy additive having the following alloy composition: TiB ₂ 5%-25%, Mn 14%-20%, impurities ≤1%, and the rest Al, in terms of mass percentage. 6. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that the mass percentage of _TiB2 in the _TiB2 /Al composite material is 20%-30%. 7 . The use according to claim 5 , characterized in that the particle diameter of the TiB ₂ /Al composite material is 100 nm-2.0 μm. 8. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that the heating temperature is 900°C-1100°C. 9. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises: before the heating: drying the _TiB2 /Al composite material, pure Mn and pure Al. 10. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that the impurity removal comprises: adding a slag remover to the alloy melt, and the components of the slag remover include: sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium fluorosilicate and fluorite. 11. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that the refining comprises: introducing an inert gas into the alloy melt after impurities are removed, wherein the rotation speed is 300 rpm-700 rpm, and the refining time is 18 minutes-22 minutes. 12. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive added to the aluminum alloy is 1%-2%. 13. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the aluminum alloy additive is applied to aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%-2%.

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