CN115044806B - Aluminum alloy additive and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy additive and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本申请涉及金属材料领域,具体涉及一种铝合金添加剂及其制备方法和应用。The present application relates to the field of metal materials, and in particular to an aluminum alloy additive and a preparation method and application thereof.
背景技术Background Art
铝合金具有流动性好、无热裂倾向、线收缩小、比重小以及耐蚀性好等优良性能,使得其广泛应用于汽车、航空、建筑、交通及电力等工业领域。随着铝合金在高新技术领域的应用日益增多,对铝合金的组织和性能的要求也越来越高,如何获得最佳的铸态组织是控制变形组织及其性能的基础,也是关键步骤之一。晶粒尺寸和形态是铸态组织的重要特征,细小均匀的等轴晶是人们所希望看到的,想要获得这种组织,采取必要的晶粒细化手段必不可少。Aluminum alloys have excellent properties such as good fluidity, no tendency to hot cracking, small linear shrinkage, low specific gravity and good corrosion resistance, making them widely used in industrial fields such as automobiles, aviation, construction, transportation and electricity. With the increasing application of aluminum alloys in high-tech fields, the requirements for the organization and performance of aluminum alloys are also getting higher and higher. How to obtain the best as-cast structure is the basis for controlling the deformed structure and its properties, and it is also one of the key steps. Grain size and morphology are important characteristics of as-cast structure. Small and uniform equiaxed grains are what people want to see. To obtain this structure, it is essential to take necessary grain refinement measures.
目前,工业生产中通过向铝合金中添加铝合金晶粒细化剂细化晶粒,常用的铝合金晶粒细化剂为Al-Ti-B、Al-Ti-C及Al-Ti-B-C等,但是细化性能有限在成本有限的情况下,无法满足更高性能要求的铸件质量。At present, in industrial production, grains are refined by adding aluminum alloy grain refiners to aluminum alloys. Commonly used aluminum alloy grain refiners are Al-Ti-B, Al-Ti-C and Al-Ti-B-C, but the refinement performance is limited and the quality of castings with higher performance requirements cannot be met under limited costs.
另一方面,铝及铝合金中难免有一定量的杂质铁,这首先来源于原材料,其次是因熔炼和铸造过程中使用的坩埚等熔炼工具和铸型等多是铁质的,使铁带入到铝液中。例如,在铝硅镁合金中主要以铝硅铁金属间化合物形式存在,常见的有α-Fe相和β-Fe相两种,α-Fe相的组织形貌为汉字状或骨骼状等,β-铁相为针状(立体为片状)。研究表明,针状、片状形式存在的铁相,对合金力学性能有害,以汉字状(骨骼状)形式存在时其有害作用不明显。通常情况下,铁相更易以针状、片状铁相的形式出现,从而影响铝合金的力学性能。On the other hand, it is inevitable that there is a certain amount of impurity iron in aluminum and aluminum alloys. This comes first from the raw materials, and secondly, because the smelting tools and casting molds such as crucibles used in the smelting and casting process are mostly iron, so iron is brought into the aluminum liquid. For example, in aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloys, it mainly exists in the form of aluminum-silicon-iron intermetallic compounds. The common ones are α-Fe phase and β-Fe phase. The organizational morphology of α-Fe phase is Chinese character-shaped or skeleton-shaped, and β-iron phase is needle-shaped (three-dimensional is sheet-shaped). Studies have shown that the iron phase in the form of needles and sheets is harmful to the mechanical properties of the alloy, and its harmful effect is not obvious when it exists in the form of Chinese characters (skeleton-shaped). Under normal circumstances, the iron phase is more likely to appear in the form of needle-shaped and sheet-shaped iron phases, thereby affecting the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys.
目前,常用的铝合金细化剂对铝合金质量有较高要求,添加细化剂仅能起到细化晶粒的作用,对铝合金中杂质Fe的作用几乎没有,对铝合金性能提升有限。再者就是现有铝合金添加剂要么成本较高难以广泛应用,要么使用步骤和过程复杂,限制了其在生产上的应用。At present, the commonly used aluminum alloy refiners have high requirements for the quality of aluminum alloys. Adding refiners can only refine the grains, but has almost no effect on the impurity Fe in aluminum alloys, and has limited improvement on the performance of aluminum alloys. In addition, the existing aluminum alloy additives are either too expensive to be widely used, or the steps and processes for use are complicated, which limits their application in production.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为解决上述问题,本申请提供一种铝合金添加剂及其制备方法和应用。In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides an aluminum alloy additive and a preparation method and application thereof.
本申请第一个方面为提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB25%-25%,Mn 14%-20%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。The first aspect of the present application is to provide an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which include, by mass percentage, TiB 2 5%-25%, Mn 14%-20%, impurities ≤1%, and the remainder Al.
可选的,在本申请一些实施例中,所述TiB25%-12%,所述TiB2与所述Mn的质量比为1:(1.4-1.6)。Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the TiB 2 is 5%-12%, and the mass ratio of the TiB 2 to the Mn is 1:(1.4-1.6).
可选的,在本申请一些实施例中,所述TiB220%-24%,所述TiB2与所述Mn的质量比为(1.23-1.25):1。Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the TiB 2 is 20%-24%, and the mass ratio of the TiB 2 to the Mn is (1.23-1.25):1.
可选的,在本申请一些实施例中,所述TiB25%,所述TiB2与所述Mn的质量比为1:(3.5-4)。Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the TiB 2 is 5%, and the mass ratio of the TiB 2 to the Mn is 1:(3.5-4).
本申请第二个方面为提供一种铝合金添加剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:The second aspect of the present application is to provide a method for preparing an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises the following steps:
将TiB2/Al复合材料、纯Mn和纯Al加热至熔化,待所有原料溶清后保温静置,得到合金熔体;The TiB 2 /Al composite material, pure Mn and pure Al are heated to melt, and after all the raw materials are dissolved, the mixture is kept at the temperature and allowed to stand to obtain an alloy melt;
对所述合金熔体依次进行除杂、精炼及捞渣处理;The alloy melt is sequentially subjected to impurity removal, refining and slag removal treatments;
对捞渣处理后的合金熔体依次进行搅拌和浇铸处理,得到具有如下合金成分的铝合金添加剂,以质量百分含量计,TiB25%-25%,Mn 14%-20%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。The alloy melt after the slag removal treatment is stirred and cast in sequence to obtain an aluminum alloy additive having the following alloy composition: TiB 2 5%-25%, Mn 14%-20%, impurities ≤1%, and the rest Al.
可选的,在本申请一些实施例中,所述TiB2/Al复合材料中TiB2的质量百分比为20%-30%。Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the mass percentage of TiB 2 in the TiB 2 /Al composite material is 20%-30%.
可选的,在本申请一些实施例中,所述TiB2/Al复合材料的粒度直径为100nm-2.0μm。Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the particle diameter of the TiB 2 /Al composite material is 100 nm-2.0 μm.
可选的,在本申请一些实施例中,所述加热的温度为900℃-1100℃。Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the heating temperature is 900°C-1100°C.
可选的,在本申请一些实施例中,铝合金添加剂的制备方法还包括:在所述加热之前:将TiB2/Al复合材料、纯Mn和纯Al进行烘干处理。Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the method for preparing the aluminum alloy additive further comprises: before the heating: drying the TiB 2 /Al composite material, pure Mn and pure Al.
可选的,在本申请一些实施例中,所述除杂包括:向所述合金熔体中加入打渣剂,所述打渣剂的成分包括:氯化钠、氯化钾、氟硅酸钠和萤石。Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the impurity removal includes: adding a slag remover to the alloy melt, and the components of the slag remover include: sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium fluorosilicate and fluorite.
可选的,在本申请一些实施例中,所述精炼包括:向除杂后的合金熔体中通入惰性气体,其中,转速为300转/分钟-700转/分钟,精炼的时间为18分钟-22分钟。Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the refining includes: introducing an inert gas into the alloy melt after impurities are removed, wherein the rotation speed is 300 rpm-700 rpm, and the refining time is 18 minutes-22 minutes.
相应的,本申请第三个方面为提供上述的铝合金添加剂作为铝合金的熔炼添加剂的应用。Correspondingly, the third aspect of the present application is to provide the application of the above-mentioned aluminum alloy additive as a smelting additive for aluminum alloy.
本申请第四个方面为提供一种铝合金,其含有上述的铝合金添加剂,所述铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1%-2%。The fourth aspect of the present application is to provide an aluminum alloy, which contains the above-mentioned aluminum alloy additive, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%-2%.
本申请具有以下一种或多种有益效果:The present application has one or more of the following beneficial effects:
本申请,首次将晶种材料TiB2颗粒、Mn元素和Al元素组合形成用以细化、强化铝合金铸态组织的添加剂,在铝合金的熔炼过程中该添加剂可直接添加于铝液中,针对不同铝合金体系,调整TiB2与Mn的质量比,实现“合金化-细化-强化”一次添加,改善了现有添加剂的添加过程复杂的问题。晶种材料TiB2在凝固过程中可以作为异质形核核心有效细化α-Al晶粒,同时亚微米级的TiB2颗粒弥散分布在Al基体中,可以起到弥散强化作用以提高铝合金的强度;Mn元素可以改善铝合金中影响力学性能Fe相形貌,消除杂质Fe在铸造铝合金中的有害作用。This application, for the first time, combines the seed material TiB2 particles, Mn elements and Al elements to form an additive for refining and strengthening the cast structure of aluminum alloy. The additive can be directly added to the aluminum liquid during the smelting process of the aluminum alloy. According to different aluminum alloy systems, the mass ratio of TiB2 and Mn is adjusted to achieve "alloying-refining-strengthening" one-time addition, which improves the problem of the complicated addition process of existing additives. The seed material TiB2 can be used as a heterogeneous nucleation core to effectively refine the α-Al grains during the solidification process. At the same time, the submicron TiB2 particles are dispersed in the Al matrix, which can play a role in dispersion strengthening to improve the strength of the aluminum alloy; the Mn element can improve the Fe phase morphology that affects the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy and eliminate the harmful effects of impurity Fe in the cast aluminum alloy.
本申请的添加剂,作为铝硅镁合金的熔炼添加剂时,使铸态Al7SiMg铝合金中共晶硅形态由粗大的片状或针状转变为细小的球状或棒状,同时细化了α-Al晶粒尺寸,有效地细化、强化了Al7SiMg铝合金铸态组织,并且改善Al7SiMg铝合金中Fe形貌,提高Al7SiMg铝合金的使用性能,扩展其应用范围。The additive of the present application, when used as a smelting additive for aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, changes the morphology of eutectic silicon in the cast Al7SiMg aluminum alloy from coarse flakes or needles to fine spheres or rods, while refining the α-Al grain size, effectively refining and strengthening the cast structure of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy, and improving the Fe morphology in the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy, thereby improving the performance of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy and expanding its application range.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.
图1是本申请提供的铝合金添加剂的铸态金相图;FIG1 is a metallographic diagram of the cast state of the aluminum alloy additive provided by the present application;
图2是本申请提供的铝合金添加剂的铸态金相图;FIG2 is a metallographic image of the cast state of the aluminum alloy additive provided by the present application;
图3是本申请提供的添加铝合金添加剂后的Al7SiMg铝合金的铸态金相图;FIG3 is a metallographic image of the cast Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after adding aluminum alloy additives provided by the present application;
图4是本申请提供的添加铝合金添加剂后的Al7SiMg铝合金的铸态金相图。FIG. 4 is a metallographic image of the cast Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after adding aluminum alloy additives provided in the present application.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。此外,应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本申请,并不用于限制本申请。在本申请中,在未作相反说明的情况下,使用的方位词如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”通常是指装置实际使用或工作状态下的上、下、左和右,具体为附图中的图面方向。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application. In addition, it should be understood that the specific implementation methods described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application. In the present application, unless otherwise stated, the directional words used, such as "up", "down", "left", and "right", generally refer to the up, down, left, and right of the device in actual use or working state, specifically the drawing direction in the accompanying drawings.
本申请提供一种铝合金添加剂及其制备方法和应用,以下分别进行详细说明。需要说明的是,以下实施例的描述顺序不作为对本申请实施例优选顺序的限定。且在以下实施例中,对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重,某个实施例中没有详述的部分,可以参见其它实施例的相关描述。The present application provides an aluminum alloy additive and a preparation method and application thereof, which are described in detail below. It should be noted that the description order of the following embodiments does not limit the preferred order of the embodiments of the present application. In the following embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant description of other embodiments.
本申请的实施例提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB25%-25%,Mn 14%-20%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。The embodiment of the present application provides an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which include, by mass percentage, TiB 2 5%-25%, Mn 14%-20%, impurities ≤1%, and the remainder Al.
需要说明的是,铁是铸造铝合金中最常见的一种杂质,减少铁元素在铝合金中的含量是铝及铝合金回收利用以及铝及铝合金的常规生成中需要解决的问题。在铝硅镁合金中主要以铝硅铁金属间化合物形式存在,常见的有α-Fe相和β-Fe相两种,α-Fe相的组织形貌为汉字状或骨骼状等,α-Fe相以汉字状或骨骼状以及其他形态存在,对基体的有害作用不是很明显;而β-铁相为呈粗大针状(立体为片状),形变不均匀,从而导致铁相与金属基体交界处存在比较高的应力集中,使得合金的力学性能明显降低,因此,减少这种针状铁相非常重要。本申请的添加剂的Mn元素能大大减少β-Fe相的数量和尺寸,甚至于使β-Fe相完全消失,改变了铁相在铝合金中形式,避免针状或片状铁相的生成,使铁相尽可能的以α-Fe相存在,从而改善铝合金中影响力学性能Fe相形貌,以此来减小β-Fe相对基体的割裂作用,消除杂质Fe在铸造铝合金中的有害作用。It should be noted that iron is the most common impurity in cast aluminum alloys. Reducing the content of iron in aluminum alloys is a problem that needs to be solved in the recycling of aluminum and aluminum alloys and the conventional production of aluminum and aluminum alloys. In aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloys, it mainly exists in the form of aluminum-silicon-iron intermetallic compounds. The common ones are α-Fe phase and β-Fe phase. The organizational morphology of α-Fe phase is Chinese character-shaped or bone-shaped. α-Fe phase exists in Chinese character-shaped or bone-shaped and other forms, and its harmful effect on the matrix is not very obvious; while β-iron phase is in the form of coarse needles (sheet-shaped in three dimensions), with uneven deformation, resulting in relatively high stress concentration at the junction of iron phase and metal matrix, which significantly reduces the mechanical properties of the alloy. Therefore, it is very important to reduce this needle-shaped iron phase. The Mn element in the additive of the present application can greatly reduce the number and size of the β-Fe phase, and even make the β-Fe phase disappear completely, changing the form of the iron phase in the aluminum alloy, avoiding the formation of needle-shaped or flaky iron phases, and making the iron phase exist in the α-Fe phase as much as possible, thereby improving the morphology of the Fe phase that affects the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy, thereby reducing the splitting effect of the β-Fe phase on the matrix and eliminating the harmful effects of impurity Fe in the cast aluminum alloy.
添加剂的晶种材料TiB2颗粒为六方晶体结构,TiB2的平面点阵面和α-Al的平面点阵面错配度小于15%,从晶格匹配角度来看,TiB2是α-Al潜在的形核基底,在凝固过程中可以作为异质形核核心有效细化晶粒,有助于获得更为细小的凝固组织,从而消除缺陷,提高力学性能;同时亚微米级的TiB2颗粒弥散分布在Al基体中,可以起到弥散强化作用提高合金的强度。The seed material TiB2 particles of the additive have a hexagonal crystal structure. The mismatch between the plane lattice plane of TiB2 and the plane lattice plane of α-Al is less than 15%. From the perspective of lattice matching, TiB2 is a potential nucleation substrate for α-Al. During the solidification process, it can serve as a heterogeneous nucleation core to effectively refine the grains, which helps to obtain a finer solidification structure, thereby eliminating defects and improving mechanical properties. At the same time, submicron TiB2 particles are dispersed in the Al matrix, which can play a role in dispersion strengthening and improve the strength of the alloy.
进一步需要说明的是,在一些实施例中,针对不同铝合金体系,调整TiB2与Mn的质量比,实现“合金化-细化-强化”一次添加。It should be further explained that, in some embodiments, the mass ratio of TiB2 to Mn is adjusted for different aluminum alloy systems to achieve "alloying-refining-strengthening" in one addition.
在一些实施例中,提供含有以下合金成分的铝合金添加剂,TiB25%-12%,Mn14%-20%,TiB2与Mn的质量比为1:(1.4-1.6)。将铝合金添加剂添加至铝硅镁合金,有利于提高铝硅镁合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度及延伸率,可用于制备高强韧的铝硅镁合金。在一具体示例中,在ZL101A及ZL114A中应用此铝合金添加剂,优选地为TiB2与Mn的质量比值为10/16即Al16Mn10TiB2。在此合金体系中,Mn的添加量为合金质量0.16wt%效果最佳。In some embodiments, an aluminum alloy additive containing the following alloy components is provided: TiB2 5%-12%, Mn14%-20%, and the mass ratio of TiB2 to Mn is 1:(1.4-1.6). Adding the aluminum alloy additive to the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy is beneficial to improving the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, and can be used to prepare a high-strength and tough aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy. In a specific example, the aluminum alloy additive is applied in ZL101A and ZL114A, preferably the mass ratio of TiB2 to Mn is 10/16, i.e., Al16Mn10TiB2 . In this alloy system, the addition of Mn is 0.16wt% of the alloy mass for the best effect.
在另一些实施例中,提供含有以下合金成分的铝合金添加剂,按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB220%-24%,Mn 14%-20%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。TiB2与Mn的质量比为(1.23-1.25):1。将铝合金添加剂添加至铝硅镁合金中,有利于提高铝硅镁合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度,但随着TiB2颗粒的提升,延伸率略有下降,可用于制备高强高屈服的铝硅镁合金。在一具体示例中,可制备TiB2与Mn质量比值为20/16的添加剂,即Al16Mn20TiB2。添加这种添加剂至ZL101A及ZL114A中,ZL101A、ZL114A铝合金的抗拉强度及屈服强度会增加,延伸率有所下降,但延伸率下降很少,另外增加TiB2颗粒,会提高添加的成本,从使用效果考虑,添加Al16Mn20TiB2具有更高的强度同时保持良好的韧性,但其使用成本较高。In other embodiments, an aluminum alloy additive containing the following alloy components is provided, which includes, by mass percentage: TiB 2 20%-24%, Mn 14%-20%, impurities ≤1%, and the rest Al. The mass ratio of TiB 2 to Mn is (1.23-1.25): 1. Adding the aluminum alloy additive to the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy is beneficial to improving the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, but with the increase of TiB 2 particles, the elongation decreases slightly, and it can be used to prepare high-strength and high-yield aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy. In a specific example, an additive with a mass ratio of TiB 2 to Mn of 20/16 can be prepared, that is, Al16Mn20TiB 2 . Adding this additive to ZL101A and ZL114A, the tensile strength and yield strength of ZL101A and ZL114A aluminum alloys will increase, and the elongation will decrease, but the elongation will decrease very little. In addition, adding TiB2 particles will increase the cost of addition. From the perspective of use effect, adding Al16Mn20TiB2 has higher strength while maintaining good toughness, but its use cost is higher.
在其他一些实施例中,提供含有以下合金成分的铝合金添加剂,按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB25%,Mn 14%-20%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。TiB2与Mn的质量比为1:(3.5-4)。将铝合金添加剂添加至含锰合金中(Mn含量范围0.3-0.1%),有利于使含锰合金的Mn含量达标,TiB2颗粒细化、强化铸态组织,有利于提高含锰合金的强度。在一具体实施例中,提高Mn的含量,降低TiB2含量,如Al20Mn5TiB2,这种添加剂适合添加至铝合金中Mn含量为0.4wt%左右的铝合金中,如ZL205A,添加此添加剂后,ZL205A中Mn含量达标,且在ZL205A铝合金中匹配了0.1wt%TiB2颗粒,可以使ZL205A具有更优异的力学性能。In some other embodiments, an aluminum alloy additive containing the following alloy components is provided, which includes, by mass percentage, TiB2 5%, Mn 14%-20%, impurities ≤1%, and the rest Al. The mass ratio of TiB2 to Mn is 1:(3.5-4). Adding the aluminum alloy additive to the manganese-containing alloy (Mn content range 0.3-0.1%) is beneficial to making the Mn content of the manganese-containing alloy meet the standard, and the TiB2 particles are refined and the cast structure is strengthened, which is beneficial to improving the strength of the manganese-containing alloy. In a specific embodiment, the Mn content is increased and the TiB2 content is reduced, such as Al20Mn5TiB2 . This additive is suitable for adding to aluminum alloys with a Mn content of about 0.4wt%, such as ZL205A. After adding this additive, the Mn content in ZL205A meets the standard, and 0.1wt% TiB2 particles are matched in the ZL205A aluminum alloy, which can make ZL205A have better mechanical properties.
相应的,本申请的实施例还提供一种铝合金添加剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:Accordingly, an embodiment of the present application also provides a method for preparing an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises the following steps:
S1,向熔炉中依次加入TiB2/Al复合材料、纯Mn和铝锭加热至900℃-1100℃全部熔化,待所有原料溶清后保温静置,得到合金熔体。S1, TiB 2 /Al composite material, pure Mn and aluminum ingot are sequentially added into a furnace and heated to 900°C-1100°C to melt them all, and after all the raw materials are dissolved, they are kept at the temperature and allowed to stand to obtain an alloy melt.
需要说明的是,加热温度为900℃-1100℃,降低熔体粘度,从而提高Mn及TiB2的扩散速度,配合快速冷却,有利于使铝合金添加剂组织成分分布更均匀。It should be noted that the heating temperature is 900℃-1100℃, which reduces the melt viscosity and thus increases the diffusion rate of Mn and TiB2 . Combined with rapid cooling, it is beneficial to make the distribution of the aluminum alloy additive structure more uniform.
在一些实施例中,静置的时间为55分钟-65分钟,有利于TiB2更均匀地分散于铝熔体中,避免TiB2发生团聚和沉降现象。在另一些实施例中,在进行S1步骤之前还可以包括:先将所有的原料进行烘干处理。以及按照设计的铝合金添加剂的成分进行计算配料。In some embodiments, the standing time is 55 minutes to 65 minutes, which is conducive to more uniform dispersion of TiB 2 in the aluminum melt and avoids agglomeration and sedimentation of TiB 2. In other embodiments, before performing step S1, the steps may also include: drying all raw materials first. And calculating and proportioning the ingredients according to the composition of the designed aluminum alloy additive.
S2,对合金熔体依次进行除杂、精炼及捞渣处理。S2, the alloy melt is subjected to impurity removal, refining and slag removal treatments in sequence.
需要说明的是,S2步骤中的除杂处理具体为:向合金熔体内加打渣剂进行除杂。通过加入打渣剂使合金熔化过程产生的浮渣疏松,容易清理扒出,以及清除杂质。打渣剂可以采用常规铝合金打渣剂成分。例如,可以采用由以下成分组成的打渣剂,其成分包括:氯化钠、氯化钾、氟硅酸钠和萤石。It should be noted that the impurity removal treatment in step S2 is specifically: adding a slag remover into the alloy melt for impurity removal. The slag produced during the alloy melting process is loosened by adding the slag remover, which is easy to clean and remove, and remove impurities. The slag remover can use conventional aluminum alloy slag remover components. For example, a slag remover composed of the following components can be used, and its components include: sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium fluorosilicate and fluorite.
S2步骤中的精炼处理可以采用常规的除气旋转精炼,起到净化铝液的作用。例如,采用除气精炼,向合金熔体中通入惰性气体进行除气精炼。在一具体示例中,使用旋转喷吹装置向合金熔体中通入氩气,其中,转速为300转/分钟-700转/分钟,精炼的时间为18分钟-22分钟。The refining treatment in step S2 can adopt conventional degassing rotary refining to purify the aluminum liquid. For example, degassing refining is adopted to introduce inert gas into the alloy melt for degassing refining. In a specific example, argon gas is introduced into the alloy melt using a rotary blowing device, wherein the rotation speed is 300 rpm-700 rpm, and the refining time is 18 minutes-22 minutes.
精炼处理结束后,对合金熔体进行捞渣处理。具体为,将合金熔体表面的漂浮物捞除,进一步净化了合金熔体。After the refining treatment is completed, the alloy melt is subjected to slag removal treatment, specifically, the floating materials on the surface of the alloy melt are removed to further purify the alloy melt.
S3,对捞渣处理后的合金熔体依次进行搅拌和浇铸处理,得到具有如下合金成分的铝合金添加剂,以质量百分含量计,TiB25%-25%,Mn 14%-20%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。本步骤中,将合金熔体搅拌均匀,有利于使TiB2均匀地分散于熔体中,提高了添加剂的细化效果。在一具体示例中,浇铸处理具体为,将搅拌均匀的合金熔体浇至预热好的华夫锭模具中成型。S3, stirring and casting the alloy melt after the slag removal treatment in sequence to obtain an aluminum alloy additive having the following alloy composition, in terms of mass percentage, TiB2 5%-25%, Mn 14%-20%, impurities ≤1%, and the rest Al. In this step, stirring the alloy melt evenly is conducive to evenly dispersing TiB2 in the melt and improving the refinement effect of the additive. In a specific example, the casting process is specifically to pour the stirred alloy melt into a preheated waffle ingot mold for forming.
需要说明的是,S3步骤的搅拌可以采用能实现合金熔体的均匀化处理的常规搅拌方式。例如可以采用机械搅拌和振动、电磁搅拌或超声波搅拌等任一种搅拌方式。It should be noted that the stirring in step S3 can be carried out by a conventional stirring method that can achieve homogenization of the alloy melt, for example, any stirring method such as mechanical stirring, vibration, electromagnetic stirring or ultrasonic stirring can be used.
上述方法制备得到的铝合金添加剂,其微观组织如图1、图2所示,图2中箭头所指位置为TiB2颗粒均匀地分散在Al基体中,图1和图2中未出现TiB2颗粒、Mn元素的团聚现象。The microstructure of the aluminum alloy additive prepared by the above method is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The position indicated by the arrow in Figure 2 is where TiB2 particles are uniformly dispersed in the Al matrix. There is no agglomeration of TiB2 particles and Mn elements in Figures 1 and 2.
在本申请另一些实施例中,TiB2/Al复合材料的粒度直径为100nm-2.0μm。采用亚微米级的TiB2/Al复合材料,可以起到弥散强化作用以提高合金的强度。需要说明的是,TiB2/Al复合材料为市售材料。在一些实施例中,TiB2/Al复合材料的TiB2的质量百分比为20%-30%。采用质量百分含量为20%以上的TiB2,在制备铝合金添加剂时,TiB2和Mn的质量比例更灵活,可满足不同铝合金对添加剂的需求。In other embodiments of the present application, the particle diameter of the TiB 2 /Al composite material is 100nm-2.0μm. The use of submicron TiB 2 /Al composite material can play a role in dispersion strengthening to improve the strength of the alloy. It should be noted that the TiB 2 /Al composite material is a commercially available material. In some embodiments, the mass percentage of TiB 2 in the TiB 2 /Al composite material is 20%-30%. When using TiB 2 with a mass percentage of more than 20%, the mass ratio of TiB 2 and Mn is more flexible when preparing aluminum alloy additives, which can meet the requirements of different aluminum alloys for additives.
TiB2/Al复合材料可以采用熔体自蔓延方法制备,具体步骤如下:TiB 2 /Al composite materials can be prepared by melt self-propagation method, the specific steps are as follows:
包含如下的组份,B的质量百分含量为1.0-2.5%,Ti/B的摩尔比为=1/2,余量为Al,物相组成包括α-Al、TiB2,TiB2平均颗粒尺寸为0.6μm以下,TiB2颗粒分散相对均匀;包括以下步骤:The method comprises the following components: the mass percentage of B is 1.0-2.5%, the molar ratio of Ti/B is 1/2, the balance is Al, the phase composition comprises α-Al and TiB 2 , the average particle size of TiB 2 is less than 0.6 μm, and the TiB 2 particles are relatively evenly dispersed; and the following steps are included:
(1)原料准备,按要求称量H3BO3、TiO2、铝粉、钛粉、铝锭,其中H3BO3:TiO2:Al粉:Ti粉的摩尔比=(3.5-5.2):(0.5-2.1):(3.5-5.7):(0.2-1.5),Ti/B的摩尔比为=1/2,铝锭纯度99.9%;(1) Raw material preparation: weigh H 3 BO 3 , TiO 2 , aluminum powder, titanium powder and aluminum ingot as required, wherein the molar ratio of H 3 BO 3 : TiO 2 : Al powder: Ti powder is (3.5-5.2): (0.5-2.1): (3.5-5.7): (0.2-1.5), the molar ratio of Ti/B is 1/2, and the purity of the aluminum ingot is 99.9%;
(2)将H3BO3、TiO2混合均匀,在200℃加热两个小时,去除水分,去除过程中每20-40分钟取出一次,搅拌粉末,使粉末烘干均匀,不易结块;(2) Mix H 3 BO 3 and TiO 2 evenly, heat at 200°C for two hours to remove moisture, take out the mixture every 20-40 minutes during the removal process, and stir the powder to make it dry evenly and not easy to agglomerate;
(3)将加热后的TiO2、H3BO3和铝粉、钛粉混合均匀,将混合均匀的粉末置于模具中,压制成块体;(3) mixing the heated TiO 2 , H 3 BO 3 and aluminum powder and titanium powder evenly, placing the evenly mixed powder in a mold, and pressing it into a block;
(4)利用井式电阻炉将铝锭加热至900-1050℃,待铝锭完全熔化,石墨钟罩压入步骤(3)的块体,待反应出现火化后取出钟罩进行熔体自蔓延直接反应,反应时间为5-8min;反应完成后,压入C2Cl6精炼,搅拌,静置5-20min,扒渣,重复搅拌、静置和扒渣过程1-2次,将所得熔体在750-900℃之间浇注到已预热到250℃的钢模中,获得大体积分数Al-TiB2纯相中间合金,即TiB2/Al复合材料。(4) heating the aluminum ingot to 900-1050° C. in a pit-type resistance furnace, and when the aluminum ingot is completely melted, pressing a graphite bell into the block of step (3), and taking out the bell after the reaction is ignited to carry out a melt self-propagating direct reaction for 5-8 min; after the reaction is completed, pressing C 2 Cl 6 for refining, stirring, standing for 5-20 min, and slagging, repeating the stirring, standing and slagging processes 1-2 times, and pouring the resulting melt into a steel mold preheated to 250° C. at 750-900° C. to obtain a large volume fraction Al-TiB 2 pure phase master alloy, i.e., a TiB 2 /Al composite material.
上述方法采用熔体自蔓延直接合成法,利用原料来源广泛成本低廉的TiO2、H3BO3,研制一种制备过程环保、洁净、颗粒含量高的纯相Al-TiB2中间合金。解决了传统方法制备困难、制备成本高且有TiAl3残留的问题,中间合金中TiB2粒子尺寸小,分布均匀,颗粒含量高或大体积分数,体积分数可达25%,一般最高可达50%;所得中间合金为纯相,只有α-Al、TiB2。The method adopts melt self-propagating direct synthesis method, and utilizes TiO 2 and H 3 BO 3 , which are widely available and low-cost raw materials, to develop a pure phase Al-TiB 2 master alloy with an environmentally friendly, clean preparation process and high particle content. The problems of difficult preparation, high preparation cost and residual TiAl 3 in the traditional method are solved. The TiB 2 particles in the master alloy are small in size, evenly distributed, with high particle content or large volume fraction, which can reach 25% and generally up to 50%; the obtained master alloy is pure phase, with only α-Al and TiB 2 .
在本申请另一些实施例中,将上述铝合金添加剂作为铝硅镁合金的熔炼添加剂。本实施例的铝合金添加剂具有细化效果好,操作步骤简单,在铝硅镁合金的熔炼过程中直接添加,无需控制添加温度,添加条件温和。In other embodiments of the present application, the above aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy. The aluminum alloy additive of this embodiment has good refinement effect, simple operation steps, and can be directly added during the smelting process of aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy without controlling the addition temperature and mild addition conditions.
在一些实施例中,铝硅镁合金为Al7SiMg铝合金。未细化变质的Al7SiMg铝合金的铸态组织为粗大片状或针状共晶硅和α-Al枝晶组织,力学性能较低。另外,Al7SiMg合金主要杂质为Fe,Fe含量过高会影响Al7SiMg铝合金铸件的力学性能。In some embodiments, the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy is an Al7SiMg aluminum alloy. The cast structure of the unrefined and modified Al7SiMg aluminum alloy is a coarse lamellar or needle-shaped eutectic silicon and α-Al dendrite structure, and the mechanical properties are relatively low. In addition, the main impurity of the Al7SiMg alloy is Fe, and too high Fe content will affect the mechanical properties of the Al7SiMg aluminum alloy casting.
在Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金熔炼过程中,将铝合金添加剂加入熔化的合金熔液中,并浇铸成单铸试棒进行性能测试,测试结果如下:During the smelting process of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, aluminum alloy additives were added to the molten alloy and cast into single cast test bars for performance testing. The test results are as follows:
参照图3、图4为Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金添加铝合金添加剂后的铸态金相图,由图3可见,二次枝晶臂间距20μm-25μm,说明加入铝合金添加剂后,使Al7SiMg铝合金的二次枝晶臂间距得到明显细化,细化后组织均匀,显著地改善Al7SiMg铝合金的铸态组织。由图4可见,TiB2颗粒均匀分布在晶内,有效细化组织。在基体中未发现针状或片状的β-Fe相,说明铝合金添加剂的添加能大大减少β-Fe相的数量和尺寸,甚至于使β-Fe相完全消失,效果显著。结合图3和图4可见,铝合金添加剂的TiB2使共晶硅形态由粗大的片状或针状转变为细小的球状或棒状,同时使α-Al晶粒得到细化;铝合金添加剂的Mn元素改善Al7SiMg中影响力学性能杂质Fe相形貌,消除了杂质Fe的有害作用。使得Al7SiMg铝合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度均有较大提升,同时延伸率也有提升,通过添加铝合金添加剂提高Al7SiMg合金的使用性能,扩展其应用范围。Referring to Figures 3 and 4, the cast metallographic images of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after adding aluminum alloy additives are shown in Figure 3. The secondary dendrite arm spacing is 20μm-25μm, indicating that after adding aluminum alloy additives, the secondary dendrite arm spacing of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy is significantly refined, and the structure is uniform after refinement, which significantly improves the cast structure of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy. As shown in Figure 4, TiB2 particles are evenly distributed in the crystal, effectively refining the structure. No needle-shaped or flaky β-Fe phase is found in the matrix, indicating that the addition of aluminum alloy additives can greatly reduce the number and size of β-Fe phase, and even make the β-Fe phase completely disappear, with significant effect. Combining Figures 3 and 4, it can be seen that the TiB2 of the aluminum alloy additive changes the morphology of eutectic silicon from coarse flakes or needles to fine spheres or rods, and at the same time refines the α-Al grains; the Mn element of the aluminum alloy additive improves the morphology of the impurity Fe phase that affects the mechanical properties in Al7SiMg, eliminating the harmful effects of impurity Fe. The tensile strength and yield strength of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy are greatly improved, while the elongation is also improved. By adding aluminum alloy additives, the performance of Al7SiMg alloy is improved and its application range is expanded.
相应的,本申请的另一些实施例,还提供一种铝硅镁合金,其含有如上文实施例所述的铝合金添加剂和Al7SiMg铝合金,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1%-2%。在一些实施例中,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1wt%时,得到的铝硅镁合金材料具有良好的强韧性匹配。在另一些实施例中,当铝合金添加剂的含量为2%时(保证Mn含量为0.16%,TiB2为0.2%),得到的铝硅镁合金材料的抗拉强度及屈服强度提升较大,但延伸率略有下。Correspondingly, some other embodiments of the present application also provide an aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, which contains the aluminum alloy additive and Al7SiMg aluminum alloy as described in the above embodiments, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%-2%. In some embodiments, when the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1wt%, the obtained aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy material has good strength and toughness matching. In other embodiments, when the content of the aluminum alloy additive is 2% (ensuring that the Mn content is 0.16% and the TiB2 is 0.2%), the tensile strength and yield strength of the obtained aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy material are greatly improved, but the elongation is slightly lower.
为使本发明上述实施细节和操作能清楚地被本领域技术人员理解,以及本发明实施例的铝合金添加剂的进步性能显著的体现,以下通过多个应用例来举例说明上述技术方案。In order to enable those skilled in the art to clearly understand the implementation details and operations of the present invention, and to demonstrate the significant improvement in performance of the aluminum alloy additives of the embodiments of the present invention, the above technical solutions are illustrated below by means of a number of application examples.
应用例1Application Example 1
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 10%,Mn15%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which, in terms of mass percentage, include: TiB2 10%, Mn 15%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al.
将上述铝合金添加剂作为Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量比为1%。The above aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.
Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的合金成分,按照质量百分含量计包括:Si7.0%、Mg0.275%、Ti0.15%、Fe<0.2%,其余为Al。The alloy components of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy include, by mass percentage, Si7.0%, Mg0.275%, Ti0.15%, Fe<0.2%, and the rest is Al.
经重力铸造T6热处理后Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的力学性能结果见下表1。The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 1 below.
应用例2Application Example 2
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 14.9%,Mn14.5%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which, in terms of mass percentage, include: TiB2 14.9%, Mn 14.5%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al.
将上述铝合金添加剂作为Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量比为1%。The above aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.
Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的合金成分,按照质量百分含量计包括:Si7.0%、Mg0.275%、Ti 0.15%、Fe<0.2%,其余为Al。The alloy components of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy include, by mass percentage, Si7.0%, Mg0.275%, Ti 0.15%, Fe<0.2%, and the rest is Al.
经重力铸造T6热处理后Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的力学性能结果见下表1。The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 1 below.
应用例3Application Example 3
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB220%,Mn16.25%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which, in terms of mass percentage, include: TiB2 20%, Mn 16.25%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al.
将上述铝合金添加剂作为Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量比为1.7%。The above aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.7%.
Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的合金成分,按照质量百分含量计包括:Si7.0%、Mg0.275%、Ti 0.15%、Fe<0.2%,其余为Al。The alloy components of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy include, by mass percentage, Si7.0%, Mg0.275%, Ti 0.15%, Fe<0.2%, and the rest is Al.
经重力铸造T6热处理后Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的力学性能结果见下表1。The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 1 below.
应用例4Application Example 4
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB220%,Mn16%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which, in terms of mass percentage, include: TiB2 20%, Mn 16%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al.
将上述铝合金添加剂作为Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量比为2%。The above aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 2%.
Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的合金成分,按照质量百分含量计包括:Si7.0%、Mg0.275%、Ti 0.15%、Fe<0.2%,其余为Al。The alloy components of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy include, by mass percentage, Si7.0%, Mg0.275%, Ti 0.15%, Fe<0.2%, and the rest is Al.
经重力铸造T6热处理后Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的力学性能结果见下表1。The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 1 below.
应用例5Application Example 5
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 11%,Mn17.6%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which, in terms of mass percentage, include: TiB2 11%, Mn 17.6%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al.
将上述铝合金添加剂作为Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量比为1%。The above aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.
Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的合金成分,按照质量百分含量计包括:Si7.0%、Mg0.275%、Ti 0.15%、Fe<0.2%,其余为Al。The alloy components of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy include, by mass percentage, Si7.0%, Mg0.275%, Ti 0.15%, Fe<0.2%, and the rest is Al.
经重力铸造T6热处理后Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的力学性能结果见下表1。The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 1 below.
应用例6Application Example 6
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 12%,Mn19.2%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which, in terms of mass percentage, include: TiB2 12%, Mn 19.2%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al.
将上述铝合金添加剂作为Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量比为1%。The above aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy, and the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.
Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的合金成分,按照质量百分含量计包括:Si7.0%、Mg0.275%、Ti 0.15%、Fe<0.2%,其余为Al。The alloy components of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy include, by mass percentage, Si7.0%, Mg0.275%, Ti 0.15%, Fe<0.2%, and the rest is Al.
经重力铸造T6热处理后Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金的力学性能结果见下表1。The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 1 below.
下表1为添加铝合金添加剂后的Al7SiMg(ZL101A)铝合金与ZL101A铝合金(国标)经重力铸造T6热处理后的力学性能对比表。Table 1 below is a comparison table of mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL101A) aluminum alloy after adding aluminum alloy additives and ZL101A aluminum alloy (national standard) after gravity casting T6 heat treatment.
表1Table 1
应用例7Application Example 7
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 10%,Mn 16%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。将上述铝合金添加剂作为Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1%。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, 10 % TiB2, 16% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.
Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的合金成分包括:按照质量百分含量计,Si7.0%、Mg0.55%、Ti 0.15%、杂质≤0.75,其余为Al。The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si7.0%, Mg0.55%, Ti 0.15%, impurities ≤0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.
经重力铸造T6热处理后Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的力学性能结果见下表2。The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.
应用例8Application Example 8
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 11%,Mn17.6%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。将上述铝合金添加剂作为Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1.8%。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, 11% TiB2 , 17.6% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.8%.
Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的合金成分包括:按照质量百分含量计,Si7.0%、Mg0.55%、Ti0.15%、杂质≤0.75,其余为Al。The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si7.0%, Mg0.55%, Ti0.15%, impurities≤0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.
经重力铸造T6热处理后Al7SiMg铝合金的力学性能结果见下表2。The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.
应用例9Application Example 9
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 11%,Mn17.6%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。将上述铝合金添加剂作为Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1.8%。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, 11% TiB2 , 17.6% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.8%.
Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的合金成分包括:按照质量百分含量计,Si7.0%、Mg0.55%、Ti 0.15%、杂质≤0.75,其余为Al。The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si7.0%, Mg0.55%, Ti 0.15%, impurities ≤0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.
经重力铸造T6热处理后Al7SiMg铝合金的力学性能结果见下表2。The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.
应用例10Application Example 10
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 10.5%,Mn16.8%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。将上述铝合金添加剂作为Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1.2%。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, 10.5% TiB2 , 16.8% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.2%.
Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的合金成分包括:按照质量百分含量计,Si7.0%、Mg0.55%、Ti 0.15%、杂质≤0.75,其余为Al。The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si7.0%, Mg0.55%, Ti 0.15%, impurities ≤0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.
经重力铸造T6热处理后Al7SiMg铝合金的力学性能结果见下表2。The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.
应用例11Application Example 11
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 10%,Mn 16%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。将上述铝合金添加剂作为Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1.1%。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, 10 % TiB2, 16% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.1%.
Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的合金成分包括:按照质量百分含量计,Si7.0%、Mg0.55%、Ti 0.15%、杂质≤0.75,其余为Al。The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si7.0%, Mg0.55%, Ti 0.15%, impurities ≤0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.
经重力铸造T6热处理后Al7SiMg铝合金的力学性能结果见下表2。The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.
应用例12Application Example 12
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 12%,Mn19.2%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。将上述铝合金添加剂作为Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1%。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, 12% TiB2 , 19.2% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.
Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的合金成分包括:按照质量百分含量计,Si7.0%、Mg0.55%、Ti 0.15%、杂质≤0.75,其余为Al。The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si7.0%, Mg0.55%, Ti 0.15%, impurities ≤0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.
经重力铸造T6热处理后Al7SiMg铝合金的力学性能结果见下表2。The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.
应用例13Application Example 13
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 20%,Mn16%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。将上述铝合金添加剂作为Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1.9%。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, 20 % TiB2, 16% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.9%.
Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的合金成分包括:按照质量百分含量计,Si7.0%、Mg0.55%、Ti 0.15%、杂质≤0.75,其余为Al。The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si7.0%, Mg0.55%, Ti 0.15%, impurities ≤0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.
经重力铸造T6热处理后Al7SiMg铝合金的力学性能结果见下表2。The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.
应用例14Application Example 14
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 11.5%,Mn18.4%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。将上述铝合金添加剂作为Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1.8%。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, 11.5% TiB2 , 18.4% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.8%.
Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的合金成分包括:按照质量百分含量计,Si:7.0%、Mg0.55%、Ti 0.15%、杂质≤0.75,其余为Al。The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si: 7.0%, Mg 0.55%, Ti 0.15%, impurities ≤ 0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.
经重力铸造T6热处理后Al7SiMg铝合金的力学性能结果见下表2。The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.
应用例15Application Example 15
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 11.5%,Mn18.4%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。将上述铝合金添加剂作为Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1.2%。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, which comprises, by mass percentage, 11.5% TiB2 , 18.4% Mn, ≤1% impurities, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.2%.
Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金的合金成分包括:按照质量百分含量计,Si7.0%、Mg0.55%、Ti 0.15%、杂质≤0.75,其余为Al。The alloy composition of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy includes: Si7.0%, Mg0.55%, Ti 0.15%, impurities ≤0.75, and the rest is Al, calculated by mass percentage.
经重力铸造T6热处理后Al7SiMg铝合金的力学性能结果见下表2。The mechanical properties of Al7SiMg aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 2 below.
下表2为添加铝合金添加剂后的Al7SiMg(ZL114A)铝合金与ZL114A(QJ3185-2003)1级经重力铸造T6热处理后的力学性能对比表。Table 2 below is a comparison table of mechanical properties of Al7SiMg (ZL114A) aluminum alloy after adding aluminum alloy additives and ZL114A (QJ3185-2003)
表2Table 2
应用例16Application Example 16
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 5%,Mn 20%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。将上述铝合金添加剂作为ZL205A铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1.1%。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the composition of which includes, by mass percentage, TiB 2 5%, Mn 20%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.1%.
ZL205A铝合金的合金成分包括:按照质量百分含量计,Cu4.6%、Mn0.3%、Ti0.25%、Cd0.15%、V0.15%、Zr0.1%、B0.007%,其余为Al。The alloy components of ZL205A aluminum alloy include: in terms of mass percentage, Cu 4.6%, Mn 0.3%, Ti 0.25%, Cd 0.15%, V 0.15%, Zr 0.1%, B 0.007%, and the rest is Al.
经重力铸造T6热处理后ZL205A铝合金的力学性能结果见下表3。The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 3 below.
应用例17Application Example 17
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 5%,Mn 17.5%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。将上述铝合金添加剂作为ZL205A铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1.3%。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the composition of which includes, by mass percentage, TiB 2 5%, Mn 17.5%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.3%.
ZL205A铝合金的合金成分包括:按照质量百分含量计,Cu4.6%、Mn0.3%、Ti0.25%、Cd0.15%、V 0.15%、Zr0.1%、B0.007%,其余为Al。The alloy composition of ZL205A aluminum alloy includes: in terms of mass percentage, Cu 4.6%, Mn 0.3%, Ti 0.25%, Cd 0.15%, V 0.15%, Zr 0.1%, B 0.007%, and the rest is Al.
经重力铸造T6热处理后ZL205A铝合金的力学性能结果见下表3。The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 3 below.
应用例18Application Example 18
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 5%,Mn 18.5%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。将上述铝合金添加剂作为ZL205A铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1.3%。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the components of which, by mass percentage, include: TiB 2 5%, Mn 18.5%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.3%.
ZL205A铝合金的合金成分包括:按照质量百分含量计,Cu4.6%、Mn0.3%、Ti0.25%、Cd0.15%、V 0.15%、Zr0.1%、B0.007%,其余为Al。The alloy composition of ZL205A aluminum alloy includes: in terms of mass percentage, Cu 4.6%, Mn 0.3%, Ti 0.25%, Cd 0.15%, V 0.15%, Zr 0.1%, B 0.007%, and the rest is Al.
经重力铸造T6热处理后ZL205A铝合金的力学性能结果见下表3。The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 3 below.
应用例19Application Example 19
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 5%,Mn19.55%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。将上述铝合金添加剂作为ZL205A铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1.2%。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the composition of which includes, by mass percentage, TiB 2 5%, Mn 19.55%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the rest Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.2%.
ZL205A铝合金的合金成分包括:按照质量百分含量计,Cu4.6%、Mn0.3%、Ti0.25%、Cd0.15%、V 0.15%、Zr0.1%、B0.007%,其余为Al。The alloy composition of ZL205A aluminum alloy includes: in terms of mass percentage, Cu 4.6%, Mn 0.3%, Ti 0.25%, Cd 0.15%, V 0.15%, Zr 0.1%, B 0.007%, and the rest is Al.
经重力铸造T6热处理后ZL205A铝合金的力学性能结果见下表3。The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 3 below.
应用例20Application Example 20
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 5%,Mn 20%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。将上述铝合金添加剂作为ZL205A铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1.5%。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the composition of which includes, by mass percentage, TiB 2 5%, Mn 20%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1.5%.
ZL205A铝合金的合金成分包括:按照质量百分含量计,Cu4.6%、Mn0.3%、Ti0.25%、Cd0.15%、V 0.15%、Zr0.1%、B0.007%,其余为Al。The alloy composition of ZL205A aluminum alloy includes: in terms of mass percentage, Cu 4.6%, Mn 0.3%, Ti 0.25%, Cd 0.15%, V 0.15%, Zr 0.1%, B 0.007%, and the rest is Al.
经重力铸造T6热处理后ZL205A铝合金的力学性能结果见下表3。The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 3 below.
应用例21Application Example 21
提供一种铝合金添加剂,其成分按照质量百分含量计包括:TiB2 5%,Mn20%,杂质≤1%,其余为Al。将上述铝合金添加剂作为ZL205A铝合金的熔炼添加剂,铝合金添加剂的质量百分比为1%。Provided is an aluminum alloy additive, the composition of which includes, by mass percentage, TiB 2 5%, Mn 20%, impurities ≤ 1%, and the remainder Al. The aluminum alloy additive is used as a smelting additive for ZL205A aluminum alloy, and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy additive is 1%.
ZL205A铝合金的合金成分包括:按照质量百分含量计,Cu4.6%、Mn0.3%、Ti0.25%、Cd0.15%、V 0.15%、Zr0.1%、B0.007%,其余为Al。The alloy composition of ZL205A aluminum alloy includes: in terms of mass percentage, Cu 4.6%, Mn 0.3%, Ti 0.25%, Cd 0.15%, V 0.15%, Zr 0.1%, B 0.007%, and the rest is Al.
经重力铸造T6热处理后ZL205A铝合金的力学性能结果见下表3。The mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after gravity casting T6 heat treatment are shown in Table 3 below.
下表3为添加铝合金添加剂后的ZL205A铝合金与ZL205A(QJ3185-2003)1级经重力铸造T6热处理后的力学性能对比表。Table 3 below is a comparison table of mechanical properties of ZL205A aluminum alloy after adding aluminum alloy additives and ZL205A (QJ3185-2003)
表3Table 3
综上可知,添加铝合金添加剂后的Al7SiMg(ZL101A,ZL114A)及ZL205A铝合金表现出良好的微观组织和力学性能,抗拉强度和屈服强度均大幅提高,同时延伸率保持在5%以上。In summary, the Al7SiMg (ZL101A, ZL114A) and ZL205A aluminum alloys after adding aluminum alloy additives show good microstructure and mechanical properties, the tensile strength and yield strength are greatly improved, and the elongation is maintained above 5%.
以上对本申请进行了详细介绍,本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本申请的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处,综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。The above is a detailed introduction to the present application. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.
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