CN116240432B - Die-casting aluminum alloy free of heat treatment, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Die-casting aluminum alloy free of heat treatment, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN116240432B CN116240432B CN202310097750.4A CN202310097750A CN116240432B CN 116240432 B CN116240432 B CN 116240432B CN 202310097750 A CN202310097750 A CN 202310097750A CN 116240432 B CN116240432 B CN 116240432B
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 192
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- -1 aluminum-manganese Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Zr] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Zr] ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- UNQHSZOIUSRWHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum molybdenum Chemical compound [Al].[Mo] UNQHSZOIUSRWHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- HIMLGVIQSDVUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum vanadium Chemical compound [Al].[V] HIMLGVIQSDVUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000946 Y alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- RFEISCHXNDRNLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum yttrium Chemical compound [Al].[Y] RFEISCHXNDRNLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001245 Sb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002140 antimony alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017115 AlSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the prepared aluminum alloy has tensile strength of more than 300MPa, yield strength of more than 160MPa and elongation of more than 11% through Sb+Y composite modification and online quenching treatment, so that the die-casting aluminum alloy has high strength and toughness, and the problem of mutual restriction is solved. The Sb+Y composite modifier has low burning loss rate, can keep a longer modification effect, is not easy to inhale, ensures that molten liquid can keep higher cleanliness, reduces pinholes and inclusions, can obtain a strengthening phase through an on-line quenching process, and keeps higher elongation, thereby avoiding the process of improving the toughness of die-casting aluminum alloy through heat treatment in the prior art, further avoiding the hidden trouble that the heat treatment possibly causes defects such as deformation, bubbles and the like, greatly simplifying the preparation process of automobile components, reducing the production cost, and being suitable for producing complex thin-wall, high-strength and high-toughness corrosion-resistant automobile structural members.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of die-casting aluminum alloy, in particular to a heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy, a preparation method and application.
Background
Under the age background of energy conservation, emission reduction, low carbon and environmental protection, light weight becomes a main melody of global automobile industry development. Every 100Kg of fuel oil vehicle is reduced, the hundred kilometers oil consumption can be reduced by 0.3-0.6L; when the weight of the pure electric vehicle is reduced by 10Kg, the endurance mileage can be increased by 2.5Km, so the carbon reduction effect caused by the weight reduction is quite considerable, the aluminum-substituted steel is one of the most effective methods for realizing the light weight of the vehicle, and the application proportion of various parts represented by aluminum alloy on the vehicle is continuously increased. At present, domestic die-casting aluminum ingot products mainly comprise traditional ADC12, ADC10, alSi9Cu3, A380 and the like, but the die-casting aluminum alloy has low strength and elongation generally, and the strength and the elongation cannot be simultaneously considered.
With the rapid development of automobile light weight, automobile aluminum die castings gradually develop to thin-wall automobile body structural members, and the trend is biased to thin-wall, integration and structural complexity. The structural part of the vehicle body requires high tensile strength, high yield, high elongation and other mechanical properties, and meets the basic quality requirements of no foaming of the surface, no cracking of riveting and the like after T6/T7 heat treatment. At present, the die castings can meet the performance requirement after heat treatment, but the uncontrollable factors in the heat treatment process are more, and finally the quality defects such as deformation, foaming and the like of the die castings after heat treatment can be caused, so that the heat treatment-free materials are urgently needed in the automobile market to avoid the phenomenon.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the application aims to provide a heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy, a preparation method and application thereof, which have simple process, can obtain the die-casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness without heat treatment, are suitable for manufacturing automobile components, and reduce the weight of automobiles.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a heat treatment-free die-cast aluminum alloy, comprising, in weight percent, ：Si 2.0～13.0％、Mn 0.4～2.0％、Fe＜0.1％、Mg0.5～2.0％、Zr 0.1～0.5％、Y 0.1～0.3％、Sb 0.1～0.3％、Mo 0.2～1.0％、V0.01～0.1％、Ti 0.15～0.3％, the balance Al and unavoidable impurities.
Optimally, according to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components ：Si 8.5～10.5％、Mn 0.45～0.6％、Fe＜0.1％、Mg0.5～0.6％、Zr 0.15～0.3％、Y 0.1～0.3％、Sb 0.1～0.3％、Mo 0.3～0.5％、V0.04～0.06％、Ti 0.15～0.2％, in percentage by weight, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment, the optimal components of the aluminum alloy in percentage by weight comprise: 8.7% of Si, 0.45% of Mn, 0.6% of Fe, 0.51% of Mg, 0.22% of Zr, 0.15% of Y, 0.15% of Sb, 0.4% of Mo, 0.05% of V, 0.16% of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
In a second aspect, the application provides a method for preparing a heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
weighing industrial pure aluminum, crystalline silicon, magnesium ingots, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-antimony alloy, aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-yttrium alloy according to weight percentage;
Melting industrial pure aluminum, and carrying out primary slag skimming to obtain pure aluminum melt;
Adding crystalline silicon, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-yttrium alloy into the pure aluminum melt, and melting to obtain a first aluminum alloy melt;
Adjusting the temperature of the first aluminum alloy melt to 720-730 ℃, then adding magnesium ingots, and melting to obtain a second aluminum alloy melt;
heating the second aluminum alloy melt to 725-735 ℃, and then carrying out secondary slag skimming on the second aluminum alloy melt;
maintaining the temperature of the second aluminum alloy melt at 720-730 ℃, and refining the second aluminum alloy melt for the first time to obtain a third aluminum alloy melt;
maintaining the temperature of the third aluminum alloy solution at 720-730 ℃, and refining the third aluminum alloy solution for the second time to obtain a fourth aluminum alloy solution;
adjusting the temperature of the fourth aluminum alloy solution to 710-720 ℃, then adding aluminum-antimony alloy, stirring, degassing and standing to obtain a fifth aluminum alloy solution;
preheating a die to 250-300 ℃;
adjusting the fifth aluminum alloy melt to 670-690 ℃, then injecting the fifth aluminum alloy melt into the mold, and solidifying to obtain a first aluminum alloy;
carrying out on-line quenching on the first aluminum alloy to obtain a finished aluminum alloy;
according to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment, the first aluminum alloy is subjected to online quenching to obtain a finished aluminum alloy, and the method comprises the following steps:
and taking out the first aluminum alloy, and immediately putting the first aluminum alloy into cooling water, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is 20-30 ℃.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment, the first refining is performed on the second aluminum alloy melt to obtain the third aluminum alloy melt, and the method comprises the following steps:
blowing a refining agent into the second aluminum alloy melt;
Refining time is 10-15 min;
And standing for 2-3 min after refining.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment, the second refining is performed on the third aluminum alloy melt to obtain a fourth aluminum alloy melt, which comprises the following steps:
blowing a refining agent into the third aluminum alloy melt;
Refining time is 10-15 min;
And standing for 2-3 min after refining.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment, the consumption of the refining agent is 1.5-2.5% of the weight of the second aluminum alloy melt.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment, the first aluminum alloy melt is obtained, and the method comprises the following steps:
heating the pure aluminum melt to 750-760 ℃, then adding the crystalline silicon, the aluminum-manganese alloy, the aluminum-titanium alloy, the aluminum-zirconium alloy, the aluminum-molybdenum alloy, the aluminum-vanadium alloy and the aluminum-yttrium alloy, and stirring for 25min.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment, the aluminum alloy is used for manufacturing automobile structural parts, and is particularly suitable for producing automobile structural parts with complex thin walls, high strength and toughness, corrosion resistance and the like
In summary, the application discloses a heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy, a preparation method and application, and the beneficial effects generated based on the scheme are as follows:
(1) The finished aluminum alloy prepared by the method has tensile strength of more than 300MPa, yield strength of more than 160MPa and elongation of more than 11 percent, has good toughness, maintains higher strength performance, can replace steel as an automobile structural member material, and meets the special requirement of automobile weight reduction; in addition, the die-casting aluminum alloy can be obtained without heat treatment by adopting the chemical composition provided by the application, and the die-casting aluminum alloy is very suitable for producing complex thin-wall, high-strength and high-toughness corrosion-resistant automobile structural parts;
(2) The application adopts two alterants of Sb and Y, has the characteristics of low burning loss rate and low air suction, and adopts two refining treatments, so that the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy melt is obviously improved, the defects of pinholes and the like in the aluminum alloy are reduced, and better comprehensive performance is obtained;
(3) When Sb is singly modified, alSb can be used as a core for the growth of eutectic Si phase, and can promote the alpha (Al) phase to be precipitated in advance so as to achieve the aim of inhibiting the growth of the eutectic Si phase, but can not change the growth direction of the eutectic Si phase; when Y is modified, the crystal faults can be triggered to generate twin crystals, and the increase of the twin crystal density prevents the eutectic Si phase from growing along the original direction, so that the growth direction of the eutectic Si phase is changed; according to the application, two alterants of Sb and Y are added, wherein Sb exists in an AlSb form and can serve as a heterogeneous core of an eutectic Si phase to promote nucleation of the eutectic Si phase, so that the purposes of refining the eutectic Si phase and alpha (Al) phase are achieved, mg 3Sb2 is further formed along with the addition of Mg element, and meanwhile, the adsorption of Mg on the surface of the eutectic Si phase can promote Mg 3Sb2 to become a heterogeneous core of the eutectic Si phase, so that the effect of Sb modification is promoted, and the eutectic Si phase is further refined; the Y atoms replace Mg atoms in Mg 2 Si unit cells preferentially, so that the surface energy of a Mg 2 Si (111) surface is reduced, a Y, mg and Si triangle chemical bond is formed, the stability of an interface is improved, and Y can serve as a heterogeneous core of Mg 2 Si to further refine primary Mg 2 Si particles, so that the morphology of the primary Mg 2 Si particles is changed from a fish bone sharp angle shape into smooth round particles, the distribution is more uniform, and the toughness of the aluminum alloy is remarkably improved. In addition, sb and Y modifier are added to generate a compound modification effect on the aluminum alloy melt, and the two modification mechanisms simultaneously act on the eutectic Si phase, so that the growth direction is changed while the eutectic Si phase is refined, almost all the eutectic Si phase becomes fine round particles after modification, the eutectic Si phase is scattered at the grain boundary of the alpha (Al) phase, the adhesion is avoided, a certain interval is kept, the number of the alpha (Al) phases is increased, and the mechanical property is further improved due to the structure;
(4) The Fe element has the effects of reducing the die sticking tendency of castings and improving the production efficiency, but the Fe element is generally regarded as a harmful element in the aluminum alloy, and the Mn element can be added to replace the Fe element to prevent aluminum liquid from sticking to a die, so that the alloy is easy to demould and forms Al 12Mn3Si2, and the microstructure of the alloy is spherical particles and has small influence on a matrix;
(5) Under the chemical component proportion provided by the application, an online quenching process is adopted, the die-cast aluminum alloy is directly put into cooling water at 20-30 ℃ for the first time and cooled to room temperature, so that supersaturated solid solution taking aluminum as a matrix is formed, wherein the strengthening phase is Mg 2 Si, and compared with the prior art, the strengthening phase of Mg 2 Si can be formed by carrying out solution treatment, thus greatly simplifying the preparation process of the die-cast aluminum alloy, reducing the production cost and improving the mechanical property;
(6) The Mg element is added, so that the strength and the yield limit can be improved, and the cutting processability of the alloy is improved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for preparing the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a 500-time metallographic structure of the aluminum alloy product of example 1 of the present application.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the application and are not limiting of the application. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the application are shown in the drawings. The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Example 1
The heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8.7% of Si, 0.45% of Mn, 0.06% of Fe, 0.51% of Mg, 0.22% of Zr, 0.15% of Y, 0.15% of Sb, 0.4% of Mo, 0.05% of V, 0.16% of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
According to the preparation process flow chart of the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
According to the weight percentage, industrial pure aluminum, crystalline silicon, magnesium ingots, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-antimony alloy, aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-yttrium alloy are weighed;
Melting industrial pure aluminum by using a crucible, heating to 730 ℃ after complete melting, and carrying out first slag skimming to obtain pure aluminum melt;
Adding crystalline silicon, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-yttrium alloy into the pure aluminum melt, and melting to obtain a first aluminum alloy melt;
after the pure aluminum melt is heated to 750-760 ℃, adding various alloys, and continuously stirring for 25min after the addition is finished so as to accelerate the melting and diffusion of alloy elements;
Adjusting the temperature of the first aluminum alloy melt to 720-730 ℃, then adding the magnesium ingot, and melting to obtain a second aluminum alloy melt;
wherein, the magnesium ingot is pressed into the first aluminum alloy melt to be melted, so that the impurity is prevented from being generated by oxidation;
heating the second aluminum alloy melt to 725-735 ℃, and then carrying out secondary slag skimming on the second aluminum alloy melt; during the period, detecting the components of the second aluminum alloy melt, and adjusting the components of the second aluminum alloy melt to be qualified;
maintaining the temperature of the second aluminum alloy melt at 720-730 ℃, and refining the second aluminum alloy melt for the first time to obtain a third aluminum alloy melt;
blowing a refining agent into the second aluminum alloy melt by using a titanium tube to refine, wherein the refining gas is high-purity argon, the consumption of the refining agent is 1.5-2.5% of the weight of the second aluminum alloy melt, the refining time is 10-15 min, standing for 2-3 min after finishing refining, and then carrying out third deslagging; specifically, the preferred refining agent dosage is 2% of the weight of the second aluminum alloy melt, and the preferred refining time is 10min;
maintaining the temperature of the third aluminum alloy solution at 720-730 ℃, and refining the third aluminum alloy solution for the second time to obtain a fourth aluminum alloy solution;
Blowing a refining agent into the third aluminum alloy melt by using a titanium tube to refine, wherein the refining gas is high-purity argon, the consumption of the refining agent is 1.5-2.5% of the weight of the second aluminum alloy melt, the refining time is 10-15 min, standing for 2-3 min after finishing refining, and then carrying out fourth deslagging; specifically, the preferred refining agent dosage is 2% of the weight of the second aluminum alloy melt, and the preferred refining time is 10min;
adjusting the temperature of the fourth aluminum alloy solution to 710-720 ℃, then adding the aluminum-antimony alloy, and obtaining a fifth aluminum alloy solution after stirring, degassing and standing;
wherein, high-purity argon is adopted for degassing for 2-3 min, and the mixture is kept stand for 20min after the degassing is finished;
preheating a die to 250-300 ℃;
the surface of the die cavity of the die is required to be cleaned, heat-conducting paint is sprayed in the die cavity, heat-insulating paint is sprayed on the runner, and heat-insulating paint is sprayed at the riser;
adjusting the fifth aluminum alloy melt to 670-690 ℃, then injecting the fifth aluminum alloy melt into the mold, and solidifying to obtain a first aluminum alloy;
carrying out on-line quenching on the first aluminum alloy to obtain a finished aluminum alloy;
and taking out the first aluminum alloy, immediately putting the first aluminum alloy into water with the temperature of 20-30 ℃ and cooling to room temperature to finish on-line quenching treatment.
In order to make the detection result more accurate, the finished aluminum alloy is placed at room temperature for 24 hours, then sampled on the finished aluminum alloy, and the mechanical properties are tested according to the GB/T228.1 requirements, and the detection result is shown in Table 1.
Sampling on the finished aluminum alloy for metallographic detection, wherein the picture is 500 times of metallographic structure, and as can be seen from the picture, the matrix structure mainly comprises alpha (Al) phases (white particles) and eutectic Si phases (gray areas) which are fine in size and distributed in a dispersing way, wherein the eutectic Si phases almost all become fine round grains under the action of Sb+Y composite deterioration, and the eutectic Si phases are scattered at crystal boundaries of the alpha (Al) phases, so that the eutectic Si phases are not adhered and keep a certain distance; meanwhile, the adsorption of Mg on the surface of the eutectic Si phase promotes Mg 3Sb2 to become a heterogeneous core of a silicon phase, so that the effect of Sb deterioration is activated, the eutectic Si is further refined, and in addition, Y can be used as a heterogeneous nucleation core of Mg 2 Si to further refine primary Mg 2 Si particles, so that the morphology of the aluminum alloy is changed from a fish bone sharp angle shape into a smooth round particle shape, the distribution is more uniform, and the plastic toughness and the stability of the aluminum alloy are remarkably improved.
The finished aluminum alloy is sampled and observed to obtain a metallographic structure, and the pinhole rate is less than 1 level through detection, which indicates that the aluminum alloy melt has higher cleanliness after modification and twice refining treatment.
The components are detected by sampling on the finished aluminum alloy, wherein 0.149 percent of Sb and 0.147 percent of Y hardly burn out in the whole smelting process, the deterioration effect of the aluminum alloy is fully exerted, and because the burning out of the Sb and the Y is extremely low, the long-acting deterioration effect is exerted, and meanwhile, the application can adopt a twice refining treatment process, so that the gas of the aluminum alloy melt is discharged to the greatest extent, the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy melt is obviously improved, the defects of pinholes and the like are reduced, and the better comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy is ensured.
Example 2
The same points as those of embodiment 1 are not repeated, except that,
The heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.0% of Si, 2.0% of Mn, 0.09% of Fe, 0.5% of Mg, 0.5% of Zr, 0.1% of Y, 0.3% of Sb, 0.2% of Mo, 0.1% of V, 0.3% of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Example 3
The same points as those of embodiment 1 are not repeated, except that,
The heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 13.0% Si, 0.4% Mn, 0.03% Fe, 2.0% Mg, 0.1% Zr, 0.3% Y, 0.1% Sb, 1.0% Mo, 0.01% V, 0.15% Ti, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities.
Comparative example 1
The same points as those of embodiment 1 are not described in detail, except that:
The heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8.7% of Si, 0.45% of Mn, 0.05% of Fe, 0.51% of Mg, 0.20% of Zr, 0.3% of Y, 0.4% of Mo, 0.05% of V, 0.16% of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Wherein the aluminum alloy component does not contain Sb element, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing industrial pure aluminum, crystalline silicon, magnesium ingots, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-yttrium alloy according to the weight percentage;
And adjusting the temperature of the fourth aluminum alloy melt to 710-720 ℃, and obtaining a fifth aluminum alloy melt after stirring, degassing and standing.
Comparative example 2
The same points as those of embodiment 1 are not described in detail, except that:
the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8.7% of Si, 0.45% of Mn, 0.09% of Fe, 0.51% of Mg, 0.22% of Zr, 0.3% of Sb, 0.4% of Mo, 0.05% of V, 0.16% of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Wherein the aluminum alloy component does not contain Y element, the preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the details are not repeated, except that,
Weighing industrial pure aluminum, crystalline silicon, magnesium ingots, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-antimony alloy and aluminum-vanadium alloy according to the weight percentage;
and adding crystalline silicon, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy and aluminum-vanadium alloy into the pure aluminum melt, and melting to obtain a first aluminum alloy melt.
Comparative example 3
The heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8.7% of Si, 0.45% of Mn, 0.07% of Fe, 0.51% of Mg, 0.22% of Zr, 0.4% of Mo, 0.05% of V, 0.16% of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and is not repeated, except that,
Weighing industrial pure aluminum, crystalline silicon, magnesium ingots, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy and aluminum-vanadium alloy according to the weight percentage;
adding crystalline silicon, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy and aluminum-vanadium alloy into the pure aluminum melt, and melting to obtain a first aluminum alloy melt;
And adjusting the temperature of the fourth aluminum alloy melt to 710-720 ℃, and obtaining a fifth aluminum alloy melt after stirring, degassing and standing.
Comparative example 4
The same points as those of embodiment 1 are not repeated, except that,
And naturally cooling the first aluminum alloy to room temperature to obtain a finished aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 5
The same points as those of comparative example 1 are not described in detail, except that,
And naturally cooling the first aluminum alloy to room temperature to obtain a finished aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 6
The same points as those of comparative example 2 are not described in detail, except that,
And naturally cooling the first aluminum alloy to room temperature to obtain a finished aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 7
The same points as those of comparative example 3 are not described in detail, except that,
And naturally cooling the first aluminum alloy to room temperature to obtain a finished aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 8
In 2004, 6 th stage of special casting and colored alloy, the influence of heat preservation time on the quality of ZL102 alloy melt is disclosed, which shows that the conventional modifier Sr gradually increases along with the prolongation of heat preservation time, the deterioration effect retention is lower, the needle hole ratio is 2-3, and the conventional modifier Sr easily causes air suction in the process treatment process, and further easily causes defects of aluminum alloy, thereby influencing the mechanical property.
Table 1 shows the mechanical properties and pinhole rate test results of die-cast aluminum alloys of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 7.
TABLE 1
It can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples that the application provides a heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy, and the prepared aluminum alloy has tensile strength of more than 300MPa, yield strength of more than 160MPa and elongation of more than 11% through Sb+Y composite deterioration and online quenching treatment, wherein the optimal comprehensive performance is that in the example 1, the tensile strength is 315MPa, the yield strength is 165MPa, the elongation is 12.5%, the strength and toughness of the die-casting aluminum alloy are kept at higher levels, and the problem of mutual restriction is solved. According to the comparative example, under the aluminum alloy composition provided by the application, the Sb+Y composite deterioration has low burning loss rate, can keep a longer deterioration effect, is difficult to inhale, ensures that the molten liquid can keep higher cleanliness through two refining treatments, reduces pinholes and inclusions, realizes that a strengthening phase can be obtained through an on-line quenching process, and keeps higher elongation, thereby avoiding the process of improving the elongation of the die-casting aluminum alloy through heat treatment in the prior art, further avoiding the hidden trouble that the heat treatment possibly causes defects such as deformation, bubbles and the like, greatly simplifying the preparation process of automobile components, reducing the production cost, and being suitable for producing automobile structural members with complex thin walls, high strength and toughness, corrosion resistance and the like.
The foregoing examples of the present invention are provided for clarity of illustration only and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and other variations or modifications of various forms may be made by those skilled in the art based on the foregoing description, and it is not intended to be exhaustive of all embodiments, and all obvious variations or modifications as fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components ：Si 2.0～13.0％、Mn 0.4～2.0％、Fe＜0.1％、Mg0.5～2.0％、Zr 0.1～0.5％、Y 0.1～0.3％、Sb 0.1～0.3％、Mo 0.2～1.0％、V0.01～0.1％、Ti 0.15～0.3％, by weight percent, wherein the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
Melting industrial pure aluminum, and carrying out primary slag skimming to obtain pure aluminum melt;
Adding crystalline silicon, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-yttrium alloy into the pure aluminum melt, and melting to obtain a first aluminum alloy melt;
Adjusting the temperature of the first aluminum alloy melt to 720-730 ℃, then adding magnesium ingots, and melting to obtain a second aluminum alloy melt;
heating the second aluminum alloy melt to 725-735 ℃, and then carrying out secondary slag skimming on the second aluminum alloy melt;
maintaining the temperature of the second aluminum alloy melt at 720-730 ℃, and refining the second aluminum alloy melt for the first time to obtain a third aluminum alloy melt;
maintaining the temperature of the third aluminum alloy solution at 720-730 ℃, and refining the third aluminum alloy solution for the second time to obtain a fourth aluminum alloy solution;
adjusting the temperature of the fourth aluminum alloy solution to 710-720 ℃, then adding aluminum-antimony alloy, stirring, degassing and standing to obtain a fifth aluminum alloy solution;
preheating a die to 250-300 ℃;
adjusting the fifth aluminum alloy melt to 670-690 ℃, then injecting the fifth aluminum alloy melt into the mold, and solidifying to obtain a first aluminum alloy;
And carrying out on-line quenching on the first aluminum alloy to obtain a finished aluminum alloy.
2. A heat treatment-free die casting aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following ：Si 8.5～10.5％、Mn 0.45～0.6％、Fe＜0.1％、Mg 0.5～0.6％、Zr 0.15～0.3％、Y 0.1～0.3％、Sb 0.1～0.3％、Mo0.3～0.5％、V 0.04～0.06％、Ti 0.15～0.2％, in weight percent, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
3. A method for producing a heat-treatment-free die-cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
Melting industrial pure aluminum, and carrying out primary slag skimming to obtain pure aluminum melt;
Adding crystalline silicon, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-yttrium alloy into the pure aluminum melt, and melting to obtain a first aluminum alloy melt;
Adjusting the temperature of the first aluminum alloy melt to 720-730 ℃, then adding magnesium ingots, and melting to obtain a second aluminum alloy melt;
heating the second aluminum alloy melt to 725-735 ℃, and then carrying out secondary slag skimming on the second aluminum alloy melt;
maintaining the temperature of the second aluminum alloy melt at 720-730 ℃, and refining the second aluminum alloy melt for the first time to obtain a third aluminum alloy melt;
maintaining the temperature of the third aluminum alloy solution at 720-730 ℃, and refining the third aluminum alloy solution for the second time to obtain a fourth aluminum alloy solution;
adjusting the temperature of the fourth aluminum alloy solution to 710-720 ℃, then adding aluminum-antimony alloy, stirring, degassing and standing to obtain a fifth aluminum alloy solution;
preheating a die to 250-300 ℃;
adjusting the fifth aluminum alloy melt to 670-690 ℃, then injecting the fifth aluminum alloy melt into the mold, and solidifying to obtain a first aluminum alloy;
And carrying out on-line quenching on the first aluminum alloy to obtain a finished aluminum alloy.
4. A method of producing a heat treatment free die cast aluminum alloy as defined in claim 3, wherein the first aluminum alloy is subjected to an on-line quenching to obtain a finished aluminum alloy, comprising the steps of:
and taking out the first aluminum alloy, and immediately putting the first aluminum alloy into cooling water, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is 20-30 ℃.
5. A heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy preparation method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first refining of the second aluminum alloy melt to obtain the third aluminum alloy melt comprises the steps of:
blowing a refining agent into the second aluminum alloy melt;
Refining time is 10-15 min;
And standing for 2-3 min after refining.
6. A method of producing a heat-treatment-free die-cast aluminum alloy as defined in claim 3, wherein the second refining of the third aluminum alloy melt to obtain a fourth aluminum alloy melt comprises the steps of:
blowing a refining agent into the third aluminum alloy melt;
Refining time is 10-15 min;
And standing for 2-3 min after refining.
7. The method for producing a heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy as recited in claim 5 or 6, wherein the amount of the refining agent is 1.5 to 2.5% by weight of the second aluminum alloy melt.
8. A method of producing a heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first aluminum alloy melt is obtained, comprising the steps of:
heating the pure aluminum melt to 750-760 ℃, and then adding crystalline silicon, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-yttrium alloy.
9. Use of a heat treatment free die cast aluminium alloy according to claim 1 or2, wherein the aluminium alloy is used for manufacturing automotive structural parts.
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