CN114621094B - 具有胰岛保护的化合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
具有胰岛保护的化合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114621094B CN114621094B CN202011465071.0A CN202011465071A CN114621094B CN 114621094 B CN114621094 B CN 114621094B CN 202011465071 A CN202011465071 A CN 202011465071A CN 114621094 B CN114621094 B CN 114621094B
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及植物药物技术领域,特别涉及具有胰岛保护的化合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
据统计,到2025年,全球2型糖尿病患者将达到3亿人,糖尿病是一种慢性疾病,它的死亡率不高,但是发生率却一直上升,其并发症降低了人们的生活质量。而对糖尿病的治疗,目前主要靠药物促进胰岛素分泌来维持正常血糖,对胰岛细胞的保护方面还少有研究。研究表明,胰岛素抵抗之后,会导致高血糖,进而发展成为2型糖尿病,由于胰岛β细胞的功能障碍,导致了胰岛素抵抗。胰岛通常通过增加胰岛素分泌来维持正常血糖,增加胰岛素分泌主要从提高胰岛β细胞的数量和增强胰岛β细胞的功能着手。人体内普遍存在的游离脂肪棕榈酸可通过降低MIN-6细胞中的某种蛋白表达,从而使得细胞的增值减弱。而保护胰岛细胞,也可以从促进PA氧化着手,从而减少PA对β细胞的应激。MTT可用于细胞增值和活性的测定,其值可表示细胞数量的多少。
黎族是我国55个少数民族之一,聚集在祖国宝岛-海南。由于特殊的地理位置和生态环境,以及三千余年与疾病斗争的历史,形成了独具特色的黎医药文化。黎药是黎族人民使用的传统药物,以植物药为主,是祖国医药宝库中的一朵奇葩。黎药冰糖草(Scopariadulcis L.)为玄参科(Scrophulariaceae)野甘草属(Scoparia)植物,又名野甘草、土甘草,被海南黎族人民俗称为“术返龙”。因其枝叶嚼之有甜味,而得名“冰糖草”。黎药冰糖草味甘、性凉,具有清热利湿、消炎止疼的功效。海南为冰糖草的道地产区,其在海南各地均有分布,资源非常丰富。冰糖草原为黎族老医生所献的验方,现为黎族当地医院制剂,以全草入药,用于糖尿病、肺热咳嗽、肠炎等疾病的治疗,特别是抗糖尿病效果显著。冰糖草抗糖尿病的功效已被现代药理学研究所证实,如冰糖草水提物可通过增强抗氧化酶活性、促进胰岛素分泌发挥功效,而且其水提物不仅可降低动物血糖还能改善血脂水平。研究显示冰糖草通过改善胰岛功能发挥抗糖尿病的功效,其主要靶器官为胰岛。这是由于冰糖草含有可通过作用于胰岛起效的物质。
发明内容
鉴于此,本发明提出具有胰岛保护的化合物及其制备方法和应用。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
具有胰岛保护的化合物1,其结构式如式(1)所示:
具有胰岛保护的化合物2,其结构式如式(2)所示:
本发明具有胰岛保护的化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、取冰糖草全株,干燥,使用乙醇水溶液回流提取,过滤得到冰糖草总提取液,减压浓缩至无醇味,得总提取液;取总提取液,加入水溶解后,加入石油醚萃取,去掉上层有机相,水层用二氯甲烷萃取后,回收下层有机相,减压加热浓缩后,得冰糖草二氯甲烷萃取浸膏;
S2、取冰糖草二氯甲烷萃取浸膏,经硅胶柱层析,使用不同比例的石油醚-丙酮为洗脱溶剂进行梯度洗脱,得到6个组分为Fr.A~Fr.F,即Fr.A、Fr.B、Fr.C、Fr.D、Fr.E、Fr.F;
再取组分Fr.C,经硅胶柱层析,使用不同比例的石油醚-二氯甲烷-丙酮为洗脱溶剂进行梯度洗脱,得到6个组分为Fr.Ca~Fr.Cf,即Fr.Ca、Fr.Cb、Fr.Cc、Fr.Cd、Fr.Ce、Fr.Cf;
再取组分Fr.Cd~Fr.Ce,通过Sephadex LH-20柱色谱分离,再采用高效液相色谱进行纯化,得到目标化合物,即得到化合物1和化合物2。
进一步的,步骤S2中,所述石油醚-丙酮的体积比依次为19:1,9:1,6:1,4:1,2:1,1:1。
进一步的,步骤S2中,所述石油醚-二氯甲烷-丙酮的体积比依次为50:1:1,30:1:1,20:1:1,15:1:1,10:1:1,5:1:1。
进一步的,步骤S2中,所示柱色谱分离的洗脱剂为甲醇。
进一步的,步骤S2中,所述高效液相色谱的洗脱剂为体积比60:40的甲醇和水。
进一步的,步骤S2中,所述高效液相色谱的流速为2mL/min。
本发明所述的化合物在胰岛细胞保护方面的应用。
本发明所述的化合物在制备胰岛保护保健品、药品方面的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:本发明提供两个新的化合物,有效提高小鼠胰岛MIN-6细胞活力,具有明显的胰岛保护功效;本发明还提供目标化合物的制备方法,从天然植物冰糖草中提取,应用制备胰岛保护药物安全性更高;可更好地应用于制备胰岛保护保健品、药品。
附图说明
图1为本发明化合物1的氢谱图;
图2为本发明化合物1的碳谱图;
图3为本发明化合物2的氢谱图;
图4为本发明化合物2的碳谱图;
图5为本发明化合物1的化学结构式;
图6为本发明化合物1的1H-1HCOSY(粗线)HMBC(箭头)相关图;
图7为本发明化合物2的化学结构式;
图8为本发明化合物2的1H-1HCOSY(粗线)HMBC(箭头)相关图;
图9为实验各组HE染色图。其中,A对照组;B模型组;C二甲双组;D化合物2组。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容,下面提供具体实施例,对本发明做进一步的说明。
本发明实施例所用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
本发明实施例所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1目标化合物的制备
S1、两个二萜化合物的提取分离
冰糖草全株(10.0kg)阴干后,切小,将其置于多功能提取罐,用85%的乙醇水溶液室温下浸泡24h后回流提取3次,每次2小时,减压加热浓缩提取液至无醇味,合并提取液。取合并后总的提取液,加入水混悬后,用石油醚萃取4次得到脂溶性成分(90g),继而母液用二氯甲烷萃取,回收下层有机相,减压加热浓缩后得冰糖草二氯甲烷萃取浸膏(180g)。
S2、对二氯甲烷萃取部位进行粗分
(1)溶解:称取180g二氯甲烷萃取浸膏于烧杯中,用二氯甲烷(约500mL)溶解。
(2)拌样:称取空白硅胶200g于烧杯中,与溶解好的样品充分混匀,将样品与硅胶的混合物捣碎至粉末状,阴干,备用。
(3)湿法装柱:称取空白硅胶1000g于烧杯中,加入石油醚(3000mL)不断搅拌均匀,硅胶经石油醚搅拌均匀后,边搅拌边倒入高为120cm,直径为8cm的柱内,用石油醚冲实柱子,保证硅胶柱子液面平整,无气泡。
(4)湿法上样:样品硅胶加入石油醚(约1000mL)不断搅拌均匀,样品硅胶经石油醚搅拌均匀后,边搅拌边倒入柱子内,保证液面平整,无气泡,样品硅胶的上面加入脱脂棉。
(5)洗脱:洗脱溶剂采用石油醚-丙酮系统(V石油醚/V丙酮=19:1,9:1,6:1,4:1,2:1,1:1)进行梯度洗脱,每500mL回收一次洗脱溶剂,经旋转蒸发仪减压加热浓缩,回收样品。
(6)合并样品:样品点样于薄层色谱(TLC)GF254板、紫外暗箱仪检查、10%硫酸乙醇显色后合并相同组分,一共得到6个组分为Fr.A~Fr.F。
Fr.C(20g)部分经硅胶柱层析,石油醚-二氯甲烷-丙酮系统(V石油醚/V二氯甲烷/V丙酮=50:1:1,30:1:1,20:1:1,15:1:1,10:1:1,5:1:1)进行梯度洗脱,一共得到6个组分即Fr.Ca~Fr.Cf。
组分Fr.Cd~Fr.Ce进一步通过Sephadex LH-20(MeOH)柱色谱分离,然后通过半制备型HPLC以甲醇-水(60:40,v/v,流速2.0mL/min)洗脱,得到化合物1(50mg)和2(15mg)。
实施例2化合物1-2的结构鉴定
(1)如图1-2所示,化合物1的1H-NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)中显示结构中存在3个甲基1.12(3H,s),1.37(3H,s),1.63(3H,s),1个苯基酰基7.98(2H,d,J=8.4Hz),7.61(1H,t,J=8.4Hz),7.48(2H,d,J=8.4Hz),2个连氧碳氢5.30(1H,brs),3.67(1H,brs)和多个亚甲基、次甲基。13C-NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)中给出27个碳信号,包括1个羰基信号(216.3),1个羧基碳(184.3),1个苯甲酰基(167.6,133.8,129.8,129.4,128.8),2个连氧碳(77.7,70.9),7个亚甲基(18.1,25.1,33.5,34.3,36.8,38.4,46.6),2个次甲基(40.0,40.7),4个季碳(38.4,47.9,52.3,52.9),3个甲基(21.2,19.9,19.5)。根据氢谱和碳谱信息,可以得出化合物1为Scopadulane型二萜且其结构与Scopadulcic acid B相似,如图5所示。
通过仔细分析化合物1的1H-1HCOSY、HMBC谱,确定其比Scopadulcic acid B在7位多了1个羟基取代。HMBC谱中,H-6与70.9(C-7存在相关)以及1H-1HCOSY谱中H-6与H-7存在相关,证实了7位羟基取代,如图6所示。根据Scopadulane型二萜立体构型的分析方法,结合ROESY中的相关,特别是H-7与H-6存在相关,证明它们均为α朝向,进而确定了化合物1的相对构型。经检索,化合物1为新化合物,因此,化合物1被命名为Scopadulcic acid D。
(2)如图3-4所示,化合物2的氢谱和碳谱与化合物1极为相似,结构中仅发生了一处变化。化合物1中的羰基在化合物2中消失,而化合物2中多出一个羟基,如图7所示。推测化合物2同样为Scopadulane型二萜,而且结构中的化合物1中的羰基转化为了羟基,核磁共振碳谱数据证实了这一推测。
通过进一步分析化合物2的1H-1HCOSY、HMBC相关,证实羰基被氧化为羟基,如图8所示。在ROESY谱中,由于甲基经检索化合物2为新化合物。因此,化合物2命名为Scopadulcicacid E。
实施例3化合物1-2的应用
(1)化合物2的体内抗胰岛凋亡作用
随机将SD大鼠分为正常组、模型组、二甲双胍组(100mg·Kg-1)、化合物2组(50mg·Kg-1),每组8只;对照组给予普通颗粒饲料喂养,其余各组均给予高脂高糖饲料喂养造模,第8周第3天禁食不禁水12h,腹腔注射STZ溶液(30mg·Kg-1),造模各组尾静脉空腹血糖(FBG)≥11.1mmol/L视为造模成功,共19只造模成功。将造模成功的大鼠分为模型组6只,二甲双胍组6只,化合物2组6只。二甲双胍组(100mg·Kg-1)、化合物2组(50mg·Kg-1)连续给药8周,正常组和模型组灌胃给予等量生理盐水。最后一次给药后,禁食12h,于次日清晨乙醚麻醉,采集麻醉后大鼠腹主动脉血,离心,留取上清液,-20℃冰箱冻存。用生化分析仪检测血糖浓度,ELISA法检测胰岛素水平。
结果显示化合物2可显著降低动物血糖水平,增加胰岛素分泌,改善胰岛功能。HE染色结果显示,正常大鼠胰岛细胞完整,细胞间界限清楚;模型组大鼠胰岛萎缩,胰岛与周围界限不明显、坏死凋亡情况严重,形态不完整;二甲双胍(100mg·Kg-1)以及化合物2(200mg·Kg-1)组胰岛形态较完整,细胞间界限较清晰,尽管存在空泡等情况,但细胞凋亡较少,如图9所示。
(2)两个化合物抗胰岛细胞凋亡的功效
细胞培养及传代
将冻存于-80℃冰箱的MIN-6细胞取出置37℃水浴中使细胞融化后,1000转/分钟离心5分钟,移液管吸走离心管上层冻存液,将1640培养基(含10%FBS、1%双抗)加入离心管重悬细胞,转移至合适的培养瓶,相对湿度为95%,37℃,5%CO2的培养箱中培养,视细胞生长状况,每2-3天换一次细胞培养液,显微镜下观察细胞,待细胞密度为80%~90%时,把原细胞培养液换掉,用移液管吸取适量PBS液轻轻吹打细胞表面,吸走培养瓶中的PBS,加入0.25%胰酶(EDTA)消化细胞2分钟后用移液管吸掉胰酶,显微镜下观察,待MIN-6细胞形态变圆后,加入1640培养基终止消化,用电动移液枪轻轻将细胞吹散成单个细胞,按照密度为2×105个/mL,将吹散后的细胞接种于96孔板,每个孔加入100μL培养液,其中边缘一周的36孔不接种细胞而是用FBS液封,相对湿度为95%,温度为37℃,5%CO2置于培养箱中培养,当细胞密度达到80%~90%时开始实验。
PA对MIN-6细胞给药浓度的确定
将生长状态良好的MIN-6细胞,均匀接种到96孔板中,按5×105个/mL加入完全培养基100μL,96孔板置于培养箱中培养24h后,弃去原培养基,加入0.5%FBS的1640培养基,继续培养12h,将细胞进行分组为不同浓度PA(0,15.6125,31.25,62.5,125,250,500μg/mL)组。去掉原来的培养液,加入不同PA浓度各组培养基,继续培养24h后,根据碧云天生物技术有限公司的MTT试剂盒说明书测细胞活性,每一个实验组反复测6次,求平均值,以对照组均值为对照,实验独立重复3次。
实验分组及细胞活力测定
将生长状态良好的MIN-6细胞,均匀接种到96孔板中,按5×105个/mL加入完全培养基100μL,96孔板置于培养箱中培养24h后,弃去原培养基,加上0.5%FBS的1640培养基,继续培养12h,将各孔细胞分为以下几组:空白对照组(CK)、模型组(PA300μmol/L),实验组1(化合物1-25μM+PA 300μmol/L)、实验组2(化合物1-50μM+PA300μmol/L),弃去原培养基,各组中加入1640培养基,每孔各100μL,分别培养至24h,MTT法测细胞活力,每个实验组重复测6次取平均值,以体对照组均值为对照,实验独立重复3次。
MTT法测细胞活性具步骤如下:MIN-6细胞经以上条件干预处理后,去掉原培养液,每孔加50μL 1×MTT,在37℃孵育4小时,4小时后,吸出上清液,每孔加150μL DMSO,平板摇床上摇匀5分钟,摇匀后用酶标仪在490nm波长处检测每孔的吸光度。
细胞的活力=(加药细胞OD/对照细胞OD)*100采用软件GraphPadPrism 8.0.2对数据进行统计学分析,以均值±标准差表示结果,采用单因素方差分析多组均数比较。
PA的干预对小鼠胰岛MIN-6细胞活力的影响
300μmol/L的PA处理后,MIN-6细胞增殖活力与正常对照组相比明显下降(P<0.001),具有统计学意义,浓度为25μmol/L的化合物1、2分别加300μmol/L PA作用于MIN-6细胞24h后,与PA对照组相比,其MIN-6细胞的细胞活力有提高(P<0.01),具有统计学意义。
注:与对照组比较**P<0.01
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
3.权利要求1或2所述的具有胰岛保护的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、取冰糖草全株,干燥,使用乙醇水溶液回流提取,过滤得到冰糖草总提取液,减压浓缩至无醇味,得总提取液;取总提取液,加入水溶解后,加入石油醚萃取,去掉上层有机相,水层用二氯甲烷萃取后,回收下层有机相,减压加热浓缩后,得冰糖草二氯甲烷萃取浸膏;
S2、取冰糖草二氯甲烷萃取浸膏,经硅胶柱层析,使用不同比例的石油醚-丙酮为洗脱溶剂进行梯度洗脱,所述石油醚-丙酮的体积比依次为19:1,9:1,6:1,4:1,2:1,1:1,
得到6个组分为Fr.A、Fr.B、Fr.C、Fr.D、Fr.E、Fr.F;再取组分Fr.C,经硅胶柱层析,使用不同比例的石油醚-二氯甲烷-丙酮为洗脱溶剂进行梯度洗脱,所述石油醚-二氯甲烷-丙酮的体积比依次为50:1:1,30:1:1,20:1:1,15:1:1,10:1:1,5:1:1,得到6个组分为Fr.Ca、Fr.Cb、Fr.Cc、Fr.Cd、Fr.Ce、Fr.Cf;再取组分Fr.Cd~Fr.Ce,通过Sephadex LH-20柱色谱分离,再采用高效液相色谱进行纯化,得到目标化合物。
4.权利要求3所述的具有胰岛保护的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所示柱色谱分离的洗脱剂为甲醇。
5.权利要求3所述的具有胰岛保护的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述高效液相色谱的洗脱剂为体积比60:40的甲醇和水。
6.权利要求3所述的具有胰岛保护的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述高效液相色谱的流速为2mL/min。
7.权利要求1或2所述的化合物在胰岛细胞保护方面的应用。
8.权利要求1或2所述的化合物在制备胰岛保护保健品、药品方面的应用。
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