CN114617128A - 一种含喹啉铜的农药组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种含喹啉铜的农药组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114617128A CN114617128A CN202210309425.5A CN202210309425A CN114617128A CN 114617128 A CN114617128 A CN 114617128A CN 202210309425 A CN202210309425 A CN 202210309425A CN 114617128 A CN114617128 A CN 114617128A
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- Prior art keywords
- active ingredient
- copper
- oxine
- pesticide composition
- benzovindiflupyr
- Prior art date
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- CCCGEKHKTPTUHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamide Chemical compound FC(F)C1=NN(C)C=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=C1C1CCC2C1=C(Cl)Cl CCCGEKHKTPTUHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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Classifications
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种含喹啉铜的农药组合物及其应用,所述的农药组合物包含活性成分A和活性成分B,所述的活性成分A与活性成分B的质量比为1:20~25:1,所述的活性成分A为喹啉铜,所述的活性成分B选自吡唑萘菌胺或苯并烯氟菌唑中的任一种。本发明所述的农药组合物对多种致病菌引起的病害有效,能够有效延缓致病菌抗药性,降低使用剂量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属农药混配技术领域,具体涉及一种含喹啉铜的农药组合物及其应用。
背景技术
喹啉铜(oxine-copper)是一种螯合态有机铜广谱杀菌剂,通过在作物表面形成致密保护膜,阻断病菌与作物接触,阻止病原菌侵染作物,还可以作用于病原菌内部,抑制病原菌主要传导物的活动和传导,从而杀死病原菌。喹啉铜对真菌、细菌性病害具有防治效果,适用于果树、蔬菜、瓜菜、烟草等多种作物上多种病害的防治。
吡唑萘菌胺,是由先正达开发的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制类杀菌剂,CAS登录号:881685-58-1,国际通用名:isopyrazam,中文化学名称:顺、反3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[1,2,3,4-四氢-9-(1-异丙)-1,4-甲基萘-5-基]-吡唑-4-甲酰胺。吡唑萘菌胺是一种具有预防和治疗功能的持久、长效的植物杀菌剂,其通过抑制病原体线粒体膜中的复合物Ⅱ的呼吸酶发挥作用。能有效防控果树、蔬菜和谷类等作物上的叶斑病、褐锈病、黑星病、白粉病等。
苯并烯氟菌唑,是由先正达研制的吡唑酰胺类杀菌剂,CAS登录号:1072957-71-1,国际通用名:benzovindiflupyr,中文化学名称:N-[9-(二氯甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,4-亚甲基萘-5-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酰胺。苯并烯氟菌唑是一种具有新型作用机制的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制类杀菌剂,其通过抑制病原菌的琥珀酸脱氢酶活性,作用于病原菌线粒体呼吸电子传递链上的蛋白复合体II,从而干扰病原菌的呼吸作用。苯并烯氟菌唑广谱、高效、持效期长,可广泛应用于叶面病害和土壤病原菌的防治,对大多数病害都有一定的防治作用,并且与多种药物无交互抗性。
试验证明,将两种作用机制不同的药物进行复配,不仅能推迟抗性的产生,还能提高药效,降低使用量,减少农民的施药成本,在减少环境污染的同时,提高药效和持效期,降低农民的劳动成本,取得良好的经济效益和社会效益。
发明内容
基于以上情况,本发明的目的在于提供一种含喹啉铜的农药组合物,该农药组合物对多种靶标病原菌有效,能够明显增强药效,减少用药量,并且降低了抗性风险,延长了药剂的使用寿命,尤其对黄瓜靶斑病和小麦白粉病防效明显。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:一种含喹啉铜的农药组合物及其应用,所述的农药组合物包含活性成分A和活性成分B,所述的活性成分A与活性成分B的质量比为1:20~25:1,所述的活性成分A为喹啉铜,所述的活性成分B为吡唑萘菌胺或苯并烯氟菌唑中的任一种;
进一步地,所述的活性成分B为吡唑萘菌胺,所述的喹啉铜与吡唑萘菌胺的质量比为1:10~20:1;
进一步地,所述喹啉铜与吡唑萘菌胺的质量比为1:10、1:5、1:3、1:1、3:1、5:1、10:1、20:1;
进一步地,所述喹啉铜与吡唑萘菌胺的质量比为1:5~10:1;
进一步地,所述喹啉铜与吡唑萘菌胺的质量比为1:5、1:3、1:1、3:1、5:1、10:1;
进一步地,所述的活性成分B为苯并烯氟菌唑,所述的喹啉铜与苯并烯氟菌唑的质量比为1:20~20:1;
进一步地,所述的喹啉铜与苯并烯氟菌唑的质量比为1:20、1:12、1:6、1:2、1:1、2:1、6:1、12:1、20:1;
进一步地,所述的喹啉铜与苯并烯氟菌唑的质量比为1:12~12:1。
进一步地,所述喹啉铜与苯并烯氟菌唑的质量比为1:12、1:6、1:2、1:1、2:1、6:1、12:1;
进一步地,以所述的农药组合物的总重量为100wt%计,所述活性成分A与活性成分B在农药组合物中的含量之和为1~90wt%;
进一步地,以所述的农药组合物的总重量为100wt%计,所述活性成分A与活性成分B在农药组合物中的含量之和为2~60wt%;
进一步地,所述的农药组合物除活性成分外还包括辅助成分,所述的辅助成分选自润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、增稠剂、崩解剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、溶剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、增效剂或载体中的一种或多种;
所述的润湿剂选自烷基苯磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐、木质素磺酸盐、十二烷基硫酸钠、琥珀酸二辛脂磺酸钠、α烯烃磺酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚乙氧基化物、脂肪醇乙氧基化物、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、蚕沙、皂角粉、无患子粉、SOPA、净洗剂、乳化剂2000系列和湿润渗透剂F中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的分散剂选自木质素磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物、萘磺酸盐、三苯乙烯基苯酚乙氧基化物磷酸酯、脂肪醇乙氧基化物、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醚缩合物硫酸盐、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚、甘油脂肪酸酯聚氧乙烯醚、聚羧酸盐类、聚丙烯酸类、磷酸盐类、EO-PO嵌段共聚物和EO-PO接枝共聚物中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的乳化剂选自烷基苯磺酸钙、OP系列磷酸酯(壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯)、苯基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、苯乙烯聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵盐、烷基联苯醚二磺酸镁盐、三乙醇胺盐、苄基二甲基酚聚氧乙基醚、烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙基醚、苯乙基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙基醚、苯乙基酚聚氧乙基聚丙烯基醚、环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物、OP系列(壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚)、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、烷基芳基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸、失水山梨醇脂酸酯聚氧乙烯醚或脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的增稠剂选自黄原胶、聚乙烯醇、膨润土、羧甲基纤维素或硅酸镁铝中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的崩解剂选自硫酸钠、硫酸铵、氯化铝、氯化钠、氯化铵、膨润土、葡萄糖、蔗糖、淀粉、纤维素、尿素、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸和酒石酸中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的防冻剂选自醇类、醇醚类、氯代烃类和无机盐类中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的消泡剂选自硅油、硅酮类化合物、C10~C20饱和脂肪酸类化合物或C8~C10脂肪醇类化合物中的一种或多种组成的混合物;
所述的溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、环己酮、丁醚、二甲苯、二甲基亚砜、甲醇、乙二醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、三甲基环己酮、N-辛基吡咯烷酮、甲苯、乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、异丙胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二乙二醇、乙二醇甲醚、乙酸乙酯或乙腈中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的防腐剂选自丙酸、丙酸钠盐、山梨酸、山梨酸钠盐、山梨酸钾盐、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠盐、对羟基苯甲酸钠盐、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、卡松和1,2-苯并异噻唑啉3-酮中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的稳定剂选自磷酸氢二钠、草酸、丁二酸、己二酸、硼砂、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、油酸三乙醇胺、环氧化植物油、淀粉中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的增效剂选自增效磷、增效醚;和/或
所述的载体选自选自铵盐、磨碎的天然矿物、磨碎的人造矿物、硅酸盐、树脂、蜡、固体肥料、水、有机溶剂、矿物油、植物油和植物油衍生物中的一种或多种;和/或
本发明的农药组合物可以根据需要制备成农业上允许的任意一种制剂剂型。
进一步地,所述的制剂剂型为固体制剂、液体制剂或种子处理剂;
进一步地,所述的固体制剂为直接使用固体制剂、可分散固体制剂或可溶固体制剂;
更进一步地,所述的直接使用固体制剂为粉剂、颗粒剂、球剂、片剂或条剂;
所述的可分散固体制剂为可湿性粉剂、油分散粉剂、乳粉剂、水分散粒剂、乳粒剂或水分散片剂;
所述的可溶固体制剂为可溶粉剂、可溶片剂或可溶粒剂;
进一步地,所述的液体制剂为溶液制剂、分散液体制剂、乳液制剂、悬浮制剂或多相制剂;
更进一步地,所述的溶液制剂为可溶液剂、可溶胶剂、油剂或展膜油剂;
所述的分散液体制剂为乳油、乳胶、可分散液剂或膏剂;
所述的乳液制剂为水乳剂、油乳剂、微乳剂或脂剂;
所述的悬浮制剂为悬浮剂、微囊悬浮剂、油悬浮剂或可分散油悬浮剂;
所述的多相制剂为悬乳剂、微囊悬浮-悬浮剂、微囊悬浮-水乳剂或微囊悬浮-悬乳剂;
进一步地,所述的种子处理制剂包括种子处理固体制剂或种子处理液体制剂;
更进一步地,所述的种子处理固体制剂为种子处理干粉剂或种子处理可分散粉剂;
所述的种子处理液体制剂为种子处理液剂、种子处理乳剂或种子处理悬浮剂;
进一步地,所述的固体制剂为水分散粒剂、可湿性粉剂,所述的液体制剂悬浮剂;
本发明还公开了如上所述的农药组合物在防治植物病害中的应用。
进一步地,所述的植物病害为由真菌或细菌引起的植物病害;
更进一步地,所述的植物病害为由真菌引起的植物病害;
进一步地,所述的真菌引起的植物病害为黄瓜靶斑病、小麦白粉病、大豆锈病、黄瓜白粉病;
更进一步地,所述的植物病害为黄瓜靶斑病、小麦白粉病;
进一步地,将所述的农药组合物以农学有效且基本无植物毒性的施用量以种子处理、叶面施用、茎施用、浸透、滴注、浇注、喷射、喷雾、撒粉、散布或发烟的方法施用至植物致病菌和/或其环境,或者植物、植物部分、植物繁殖材料和随后长出的植物器官、土壤或栽培媒介、材料中。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下优点:
1)通过作用机制不同的喹啉铜和吡唑萘菌胺或苯并烯氟菌唑中的任一种进行复配,增加了杀菌活性,能有效防治多种植物病害;
2)安全环保,减少了农药的使用剂量,降低农业生产成本,对环境友好。
3)本发明的杀菌组合物使用安全、杀菌谱广、药效迅速、药效持久。
具体实施方式
制备例
制备例1:40%喹啉铜·吡唑萘菌胺可湿性粉剂(3:1)
按重量百分比计,喹啉铜30%、吡唑萘菌胺10%、十二烷基硫酸钠4%、分散剂NNO5%、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物4%、白炭黑3%、高岭土补足余量。
制备方法:按配方比例将活性成分以及分散剂、润湿剂和填料混合,在搅拌釜中均匀搅拌,经气流粉碎机进行多次粉碎混合均匀,即可制成本发明组合物的可湿性粉剂。
制备例2:42%喹啉铜·苯并烯氟菌唑可湿性粉剂(1:2)
按重量百分比计,喹啉铜14%、苯并烯氟菌唑28%、木质素磺酸钠9%、分散剂NNO6%、拉开粉BX 3%、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚5%、高岭土补足余量。
制备方法:同制备例1。
制备例3:22%喹啉铜·吡唑萘菌胺悬浮剂(1:1)
按重量百分比计,喹啉铜11%、吡唑萘菌胺11%、萘磺酸盐1%、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚2%、苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯盐4%、甘油5%、硅酸镁铝1.2%、黄原胶0.2%、山梨酸钠0.5%、硅油0.5%、去离子水补足余量。
制备方法:按配方比例,将活性成分、表面活性剂和其他功能性助剂依次置于反应釜中,加水混合均匀,经高速剪切,湿法砂磨,最后匀质过滤即得悬浮剂。
制备例4:18%喹啉铜·苯并烯氟菌唑悬浮剂(1:1)
按重量百分比计,喹啉铜9%、苯并烯氟菌唑9%、异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚2%、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯3%、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物2%、聚羧酸钠盐2%、丙二醇5%、黄原胶0.2%、硅酸镁铝1%、苯甲酸钠0.5%、硅油0.5%、去离子水补足余量。
制备方法:同制备例3。
制备例5:36%喹啉铜·吡唑萘菌胺水分散粒剂(5:1)
按重量百分比计,喹啉铜30%、吡唑萘菌胺6%、木质素磺酸钠10%、拉开粉BX3%、聚羧酸盐3%、高岭土补足余量。
制备方法:按配方配比,将活性成分加入载体中,并在其中加入表面活性剂和其他功能性助剂,混合,经气流粉碎后加10~25%的水,然后经捏合、造粒、干燥、筛分制得水分散粒剂产品;或将粉碎过的粉体在沸腾造粒机中喷水、造粒、干燥,之后筛分制得产品。
制备例6:30%喹啉铜·苯并烯氟菌唑水分散粒剂(2:1)
按重量百分比计,喹啉铜20%、苯并烯氟菌唑10%、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物10%、木质素磺酸钠5%、十二烷基苯磺酸钠2%、高岭土补足余量。
制备方法:同制备例5。
室内毒力联合作用试验
实施例1:喹啉铜与吡唑萘菌胺混配防治黄瓜靶斑病菌室内联合毒力试验
试验依据:试验参考NY/T 1156.2-2006《农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第2部分:抑制病原真菌菌丝生长试验平皿法》;NY/T 1156.6-2006《农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第6部分混配的联合作用测定》。
供试菌株:黄瓜靶斑病菌(Corynespora cassiicola),由海利尔药业集团研发中心提供。
供试药剂:92%吡唑萘菌胺原药,海利尔药业集团研发中心提供;33.5%喹啉铜悬浮剂,由山东海利尔化工有限公司提供。
药剂配制:将吡唑萘菌胺原药先用丙酮溶解,再用0.1%的吐温80水溶液稀释,将33.5%喹啉铜悬浮剂用无菌水稀释;分别配制单剂母液,并根据混配目的、药剂活性设计不同的配比,各单剂及每组配比混剂配置成所需的系列质量浓度。
在无菌操作条件下,根据试验处理将预先融化的灭菌PDA培养基冷却至50℃,将PDA培养基45ml加入无菌锥形瓶中,从低浓度到高浓度依次吸取药液5ml,分别加入上述锥形瓶中,充分摇匀,然后等量倒入培养皿中,制成相应浓度的含药平板。试验设不含药剂的处理作空白对照,每处理4次重复。
将培养好的病原菌,在无菌操作条件下用直径5mm的灭菌打孔器,自菌落边缘切取菌饼,用接种器将菌饼接种于含药平板中央,菌丝面朝上,每只培养皿内放入1个菌饼,盖上皿盖,置于(25±0.5℃)培养箱中培养。
数据统计与分析:
根据空白对照培养皿中菌的生长情况调查病原菌菌丝生长情况。用卡尺测量菌落直径,单位为毫米(mm)。每个菌落用十字交叉法垂直测量直径各一次,取其平均值。
根据调查结果,计算各处理浓度对供试靶标菌的菌丝生长抑制率,单位为百分率(%),计算结果保留小数点后两位。
D=D1-D2
式中:
D——菌落增长直径;
D1——菌落直径;
D2——菌饼直径。
I——菌丝生长抑制率;
D0——空白对照菌落增长直径;
Dt——药剂处理菌落增长直径。
试验统计:采用几率值分析的方法对数据进行处理。用IBM SPSS Statistics统计分析系统进行分析,求出毒力回归线、EC50值及相关系数R2,评价供试药剂对生物试材的活性。
混剂的共毒系数(CTC值)以下公式计算:
式中:
ATI——混剂实测毒力指数;
S——标准杀菌剂的EC50,单位为毫克每升(mg/L);
M——混剂的EC50,单位为毫克每升(mg/L)。
TTI=TIA*PA+TIB*PB
式中:
TTI——混剂理论毒力指数;
TIA——A药剂毒力指数;
PA——A药剂在混剂中的百分含量,单位为百分率(%);
TIB——B药剂毒力指数;
PB——B药剂在混剂中的百分含量,单位为百分率(%)。
式中:
CTC——共毒系数;
ATI——混剂实测毒力指数;
TTI——混剂理论毒力指数。
复配的共毒系数CTC≥120表现为增效作用;CTC≤80表现为拮抗作用;80<CTC<120表现为相加作用。
试验结果见下表:
表1喹啉铜与吡唑萘菌胺混配防治黄瓜靶斑病菌室内联合毒力试验结果
由上表室内联合作用试验可知,喹啉铜与吡唑萘菌胺混配后对黄瓜靶斑病菌表现出良好的抑菌效果;喹啉铜与吡唑萘菌胺质量比为25:1~1:10,共毒系数大于80,联合作用表现为增效或相加;喹啉铜与吡唑萘菌胺的质量比为20:1~1:10,共毒系数大于120,联合作用表现为增效。
实施例2:喹啉铜与苯并烯氟菌唑混配防治小麦白粉病的室内联合作用试验
试验依据:NY/T1156.4-2006《农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第4部分:防治小麦白粉病试验盆栽法》;NY/T 1156.6-2006《农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第6部分混配的联合作用测定》。
试验靶标:小麦白粉病菌(Blumeria graminis),菌种取自沈阳中化农药化工研发有限公司。
供试作物:选用感白粉病的小麦(辽春10号)盆栽,待幼苗长至2~3叶期,编号备用。
实验药剂:96%苯并烯氟菌唑原药,由海利尔药业集团研发中心提供;33.5%喹啉铜悬浮剂,由山东海利尔化工有限公司提供。
药剂配制:将苯并烯氟菌唑原药先用丙酮溶解,再用0.1%的吐温80水溶液稀释;将33.5%喹啉铜悬浮剂,用无菌水进行稀释。分别配制单剂母液,并根据混配目的、药剂活性设计不同组配比,各单剂及每组配比混剂配置成所需的质量浓度。
药剂处理:用喷雾法将药剂均匀喷洒于备用的小麦苗上,自然晾干。试验设不含药剂的处理作空白对照。每个浓度处理重复4次,每重复3盆,每盆10株。
接种与培养:将发病小麦叶片上24h内产生的白粉病菌新鲜孢子均匀抖落接种于处理的2-3叶期盆栽小麦苗上。然后置于适宜条件下培养。
数据调查:根据空白对照发病情况分级调查。采用如下分级方法:
0级:无病斑;
1级:病斑面积占整片叶面积的5%以下;
3级:病斑面积占整片叶面积的6~15%;
5级:病斑面积占整片叶面积的16~25%;
7级:病斑面积占整片叶面积的26~50%;
9级:病斑面积占整片叶面积的50%以上。
数据统计与分析:
病情指数按以下公式计算
式中:
X—病情指数;
Ni—各级病叶数;
i—相对级数值;
N—调查总叶数。
防治效果按以下公式计算
式中:
P——防治效果,单位为%;
CK——空白对照病情指数;
PT——药剂处理病情指数。
参照生测标准方法NY/1156.6-2006,根据的孙云沛共毒系数法(CTC)来评价药剂混用的增效作用,即CTC≤80为拮抗作用,80<CTC<120为相加作用,CTC≥120为增效作用,共毒系数(CTC)以下公式计算。
式中:
ATI——混剂实测的毒力指数;
S——标准药剂的EC50,单位为毫克每升(mg/L);
M——混剂的EC50,单位为毫克每升(mg/L)。
TTI=TIA×PA+TIB×PB
式中:
TTI——混剂的理论毒力指数;
TIA——A药剂的毒力指数;
PA——A药剂在混剂中百分含量,单位为百分率(%);
TIB——B药剂的毒力指数;
PB——B药剂在混剂中百分含量,单位为百分率(%)。
式中:
CTC——共毒系数;
ATI——混剂实测毒力指数;
TTI——混剂理论毒力指数。
采用几率值分析的方法对数据进行处理。用IBM SPSS Statistics统计分析系统进行分析,求出毒力回归线、EC50值及相关系数R2,评价供试药剂对生物试材的活性。
试验结果见下表:
表2喹啉铜与苯并烯氟菌唑混配防治小麦白粉病的室内联合作用试验结果
由上表室内联合作用试验可知,喹啉铜与苯并烯氟菌唑混配后对小麦白粉病菌表现出良好的抑菌效果;喹啉铜与苯并烯氟菌唑质量比为1:20~20:1,共毒系数大于120,联合作用表现为增效;喹啉铜与苯并烯氟菌唑的质量比为1:12~12:1,共毒系数大于130,增效作用显著。
田间药效试验:
实施例3:喹啉铜与吡唑萘菌胺混配防治黄瓜靶斑病田间药效试验
试验地点:福建省福清市蔬菜大棚内,试验地水肥管理属于中上水平,土壤肥力中等,历年黄瓜靶斑病发生较为严重,症状明显,严重时影响植株长势。各试验区的土壤、栽培及水肥管理等条件一致,符合当地科学的农业实践。
试验靶标:黄瓜靶斑病(Corynespora cassiicola);
试验作物:黄瓜(中厦16号);
试验处理:相邻小区间设置缓冲行,每个处理重复4次,小区面积为20m2,各处理采用随机区组排列。
施药时间:施药时间为2019年6月15日和2019年6月25日,共施药两次,第一次施药时黄瓜靶斑病发病不明显。
施药方法:用3WBD-16型背负式电动喷雾器按施药剂量兑水喷雾,力求均匀全面,使供试黄瓜植株叶片正背面均匀挂满雾滴。每亩平均使用药液量为45L。
调查方法:试验调查参照GB/T 17980.26-2000《农药田间药效试验准则(一)杀菌剂防治黄瓜霜霉病》。
于末次施药后10天调查防治效果,每小区随机取5点进行调查,每点调查2株,每株调查全部叶片,记录调查的总叶数、各级病叶数。
试验按照以下分级方法进行分级(以叶片为单位)。
0级:无病斑;
1级:病斑面积占整个叶面积的5%以下;
3级:病斑面积占整个叶面积的6%~10%;
5级:病斑面积占整个叶面积的11%~20%;
7级:病斑面积占整个叶面积的21%~50%;
9级:病斑面积占整个叶面积的50%以上。
药效按如下公式进行计算:
试验期间对田间进行不定期观察,未发现供试药剂对黄瓜生长及其他非靶标生物有影响。
试验结果见下表:
表3喹啉铜与吡唑萘菌胺混配防治黄瓜靶斑病田间药效试验结果
由上表田间药效试验可知,喹啉铜和吡唑萘菌胺不同混配药剂对黄瓜靶斑病的防治效果均优于对照药剂,末次药后10d,各复配制剂在降低用药量的情况下,22%喹啉铜·吡唑萘菌胺悬浮剂(1:1)、40%喹啉铜·吡唑萘菌胺可湿性粉剂(3:1)、36%喹啉铜·吡唑萘菌胺水分散粒剂(5:1)对黄瓜靶斑病的防效为88.76%、90.36%、85.40%。
实施例4:喹啉铜与苯并烯氟菌唑混配防治小麦白粉病田间药效试验
试验依据:试验参照GB/T17980.22-2000《农药田间药效试验准则杀菌剂防治禾谷类白粉病》。
试验地点:江苏省淮安市洪泽区小麦田,土壤肥力中等,所有试验小区的栽培条件一致,符合当地科学的农业实践。
试验靶标:小麦白粉病菌(Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici)。
试验作物:小麦(西农9718)。
试验处理:试验药剂、对照药剂及空白对照的试验小区处理采用随机区组排列,相邻小区之间设置保护行,每个小区面积为20m2,每个处理重复4次。
施药时间及施药方法:在小麦白粉病发生初期(2020年4月17日)进行第一次施药,按照试验设计配置好药液后,用3WBD-16型背负式电动喷雾器均匀喷雾处理,进行2次喷雾,每次施药用水量为450kg/hm2,时间间隔7d,进行第二次用药。
调查方法:于第一次施药后7d和第二次施药后10d进行防效调查,每小区对角线固定5点取样,每点调查0.25m2植株,抽穗后调查每株的旗叶及旗叶下第一片叶。
按照以下小麦白粉病分级方法进行分级调查,记录调查的总叶片和各级病叶数。
0级:无病斑;
1级:病斑面积占整个叶面积的5%以下;
3级:病斑面积占整个叶面积的6%~15%;
5级:病斑面积占整个叶面积的16%~25%;
7级:病斑面积占整个叶面积的26%~50%;
9级:病斑面积占整个叶面积的50%以上。
药效按照如下公式进行计算:
试验结果见下表:
表4喹啉铜与苯并烯氟菌唑混配防治小麦白粉病田间药效试验结果
由上表田间药效试验可知,喹啉铜与苯并烯氟菌唑混配对小麦白粉病表现出良好的防治效果,第一次药后7d,30%喹啉铜·苯并烯氟菌唑水分散粒剂(2:1)、18%喹啉铜·苯并烯氟菌唑悬浮剂(1:1)、42%喹啉铜·苯并烯氟菌唑可湿性粉剂(1:2)对小麦白粉病均表现出良好的速效性。第二次药后10d,42%喹啉铜·苯并烯氟菌唑可湿性粉剂(1:2)的复配组合防治小麦白粉病的效果最突出,防效为91.08%,具有较佳的持效性。
综上所述,通过室内毒力测定及田间药效试验,本发明的喹啉铜与吡唑萘菌胺、苯并烯氟菌唑进行复配的农药组合物表现对真菌或细菌引起的植物病害,尤其是黄瓜靶斑病和小麦白粉病均表现出良好的防治效果。本发明复配所得的农药组合物或其制剂防效显著,在延缓病原菌抗药性的产生、延长持效性等方面均优于单剂。在试验过程中未发现复配药剂对靶标作物及非靶标生物有影响,对作物安全。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的,因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种含喹啉铜的农药组合物及其应用,其特征在于,所述的农药组合物包含活性成分A和活性成分B,所述的活性成分A与活性成分B的质量比为1:20~25:1,所述的活性成分A为喹啉铜,所述的活性成分B为吡唑萘菌胺或苯并烯氟菌唑中的任一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的农药组合物,其特征在于,所述的活性成分B为吡唑萘菌胺,所述的喹啉铜与吡唑萘菌胺的质量比为1:10~20:1;
优选的,所述的喹啉铜与吡唑萘菌胺的质量比为1:5~10:1。
3.根据权利要1所述的农药组合物,其特征在于,所述的活性成分B为苯并烯氟菌唑,所述的喹啉铜与苯并烯氟菌唑的质量比为1:20~20:1;
优选的,所述的喹啉铜与苯并烯氟菌唑的质量比为1:12~12:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的农药组合物,其特征在于,以所述的农药组合物的总重量为100wt%计,所述活性成分A与活性成分B在农药组合物中的含量之和为1~90wt%,优选为2~60wt%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的农药组合物,其特征在于,所述的农药组合物除活性成分外还包括辅助成分,所述的辅助成分选自润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、增稠剂、崩解剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、溶剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、增效剂或载体中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的农药组合物,其特征在于,所述的农药组合物可以制备成农业上允许的任意一种制剂剂型,所述的制剂剂型为固体制剂、液体制剂或种子处理剂。
优选的,所述的固体制剂为可湿性粉剂和/或水分散粒剂,所述的液体制剂悬浮剂。
7.如权利要求1-6任一项所述的农药组合物在防治植物病害中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的植物病害为由真菌或细菌引起的植物病害;
优选的,所述的植物病害为由真菌引起的植物病害。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的真菌引起的植物病害为黄瓜靶斑病、小麦白粉病、大豆锈病、黄瓜白粉病;
优选的,所述的真菌引起的植物病害为黄瓜靶斑病、小麦白粉病。
10.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,将所述的农药组合物以有效施用量施用至植物致病菌和/或其环境,或者植物、植物部分、植物繁殖材料和随后长出的植物器官、土壤或栽培媒介、材料中。
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