CN114616510A - 用于平视显示器的投影装置 - Google Patents

用于平视显示器的投影装置 Download PDF

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CN114616510A
CN114616510A CN202180003776.7A CN202180003776A CN114616510A CN 114616510 A CN114616510 A CN 114616510A CN 202180003776 A CN202180003776 A CN 202180003776A CN 114616510 A CN114616510 A CN 114616510A
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substrate
reflective coating
film
projection device
projector
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V·舒尔茨
J·哈根
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于平视显示器(HUD)的投影装置，其具有·具有HUD区域(B)的基底(GS1、GS2)，和·指向HUD区域(B)的投影器(4)；·其中投影器(4)的辐射主要是p偏振的，·其中所述基底(GS1、GS2)配备有适合于反射p偏振辐射的反射涂层(20)，·其中在所述反射涂层(20)附近以小于0.85 mm的距离布置膜(F)，所述膜适合于反射p偏振辐射，并且·其中在所述膜(F)和所述反射涂层(20)之间布置中间层(ZS)。

Description

用于平视显示器的投影装置
本发明涉及用于平视显示器的投影装置。
现代的汽车越来越多地配备有所谓的平视显示器(HUD)。利用通常在仪表板的区域中的投影器，图像被投影到挡风玻璃板上，在那里被反射，并且被驾驶员感知为(从驾驶员来看)位于挡风玻璃板后面的虚拟图像。因此，重要的信息，例如当前的行驶速度、导航或警告提示能够投影到驾驶员的视野中，驾驶员能够察觉到所述信息而不必将其视线从车道移开。因此，平视显示器可以明显有助于提高交通安全性。
HUD投影器主要通过s偏振辐射来运行并且以大约65%的入射角辐射挡风玻璃板，这接近空气-玻璃过渡的布儒斯特角(对于钠钙玻璃为57.2°)。在此，出现投影器图像在挡风玻璃板的两个外表面上反射的问题。由此，除了所需的主图像之外，也出现略微偏移的副图像，即所谓的幻像(“幻像”)。该问题通常通过如下方式来减轻，即表面彼此以一定的角度来布置，尤其通过使用楔形的中间层来对被设计为复合玻璃板的挡风玻璃板进行层压，以使得主图像和幻像彼此重叠。用于HUD的具有楔形膜的复合玻璃例如由WO2009/071135A1、EP1800855B1或EP1880243A2已知。
楔形膜昂贵，因此制造这种用于HUD的复合玻璃板相当昂贵。因此需要这样的HUD投影装置，其不需要楔形膜而能与挡风玻璃板一起工作。例如，可以通过在玻璃板表面上基本不反射的p偏振辐射来运行HUD投影器。作为p偏振辐射的反射面，挡风玻璃板取而代之具有反射涂层。DE102014220189A1公开了这种HUD投影装置，其通过p偏振辐射运行。作为反射结构，尤其提出厚度为5 nm至9 nm的单个金属层，其例如由银或铝制成。WO2019046157A1也公开了具有p偏振辐射的HUD，其中使用具有至少两个金属层的反射涂层。
US2017242247A1公开了另一种HUD投影装置，其具有用于p偏振辐射的反射涂层。该反射涂层可以包括一个或多个导电银层以及介电层。然而，反射光谱在相关光谱范围中具有明显弯曲的形状，以使得反射率相对强地依赖于波长。这在HUD投影的颜色中性的显示方面是不利的。
CN 204 143 067 U公开了包括由通过中间层相互接合的两个玻璃板组成的复合玻璃的HUD系统。该复合玻璃具有透明纳米层，所述纳米层包括多个介电层和至少一个金属层。
US 2017/242247 A1公开了用于机动车的HUD系统，该HUD系统包括复合玻璃和光源。该复合玻璃具有透明纳米层，该纳米层包括至少两个介电层和一个金属层。该纳米层被设置用于至少部分地反射p偏振光束。
需求具有反射涂层的用于HUD的投影装置，所述反射涂层确保在可见光谱范围内的高透射率以及具有相对于p偏振辐射的高反射率并且允许颜色中性的显示。本发明的目的在于提供这样的改进的投影装置。
根据本发明，本发明的目的通过根据权利要求1的投影装置来实现。优选的实施方式由从属权利要求得出。
根据本发明的实施方案，提供用于平视显示器的投影装置。该投影装置包括具有HUD区域的基底和指向HUD区域的投影器。投影器的辐射主要是p偏振的，并且基底配备有反射涂层，所述反射涂层适合于反射p偏振辐射。此外，在反射涂层附近以小于0.85 mm (例如0.7 mm、0.84 mm、0.78 mm、0.7 mm、0.55 mm、0.51 mm、038 mm或100μm)的距离布置膜，所述膜同样适合于反射p偏振辐射。
由此确保在可见光谱范围内的高透射率，所述高透射率不仅具有相对于p偏振辐射的高反射率，而且允许颜色中性的显示。
根据本发明，在膜和反射涂层之间布置中间层。这样的装置可结合到例如用于复合玻璃板的常见制造方法中，从而可成本有利地实现该装置。
根据本发明的一个扩展方案，反射涂层与膜的距离为25μm或更小。
这对于投影器相对于投影面的常见角度具有优点，因为幻像形成的可能性被保持得小。
根据本发明的一个扩展方案，投影器的辐射基本上是纯p偏振的。
由此，由投影器提供的辐射可以有利地用于反射。
根据本发明的一个扩展方案，投影器的辐射以55°至70°的入射角射到基底上。
由此，可以特别好地利用布儒斯特角附近的范围。
根据本发明的一个扩展方案，反射涂层具有5 nm至700 nm (例如此外10 nm至14nm)的几何厚度。
根据本发明的一个扩展方案，反射涂层布置在第一基底和第二基底之间。
也就是说，本发明也可以与复合玻璃板一起使用。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，提供了用于平视显示器的投影装置中的基底装置。该基底装置包括具有HUD区域的基底，其中基底配备有反射涂层，所述反射涂层适合于反射p偏振的辐射；其中在反射涂层附近以小于0.85 mm (例如0.7 mm或100μm)的距离布置膜，该膜适合于反射p偏振辐射。
由此确保在可见光谱范围内的高透射率，所述高透射率不仅具有相对于p偏振辐射的高反射率，而且允许颜色中性的显示。
根据本发明的一个扩展方案，反射涂层布置在第一基底和第二基底之间。
也就是说，本发明也可以与复合玻璃板，尤其是运载工具挡风玻璃板一起使用。
附图概述
下面借助附图和实施例对本发明进行详细解释。附图是示意图，并且不是按比例的。附图不以任何方式限制本发明。
其中显示了：
图1本发明的一个示例性实施方案的基底装置的俯视图，
图2 穿过根据本发明的投影装置的截面，并且
图3 穿过用于根据本发明的投影装置中的根据本发明的基底装置的层的示意性截面图，和
图4 穿过用于根据本发明的投影装置中的根据本发明的基底装置的层的另一个示例性截面图。
发明详细描述
下面将参照附图更详细地说明本发明。在此要注意，描述不同的方面，这些方面可以分别单独地或组合地使用。也就是说，各个方面都可以与本发明的不同实施方案一起使用，只要不被明确地作为纯粹的替代方案示出。
如果在本申请中提及标准、规格等，至少总是参考申请日可用的标准、规格等。也就是说，如果标准/规格等被更新或被后续者代替，本发明也可适用于它们。
在附图中示出了不同的实施方案。
本发明的一个实施方案涉及用于平视显示器HUD的投影装置。这种例如在图1和图2中描绘。
在那里示例性地示出了具有基底装置10的HUD区域B的基底装置10 (例如陆地、海洋、航天或航空运载工具的挡风玻璃板)。该挡风玻璃板作为根据本发明的基底装置的实例具有上边缘O和下边缘U。所述基底装置可以包括一个基底GS1或多个基底GS1、GS2。
所述投影装置此外包括投影器4，所述投影器指向基底装置的一个区域。在通常被称为HUD区域B的该区域中，可以通过投影器4产生图像，当观察者5 (运载工具驾驶员)的眼睛位于所谓的眼动范围E内时，所述图像被观察者5感知为基底装置的背离他的那侧上的虚拟图像。
基底装置10由任选的第二基底GS2和第一基底GS1构建，第二基底GS2例如在复合玻璃板中是外玻璃板，第一基底GS1例如在复合玻璃板中是内玻璃板，它们通过热塑性中间层3彼此接合。基底装置10的下边缘U布置为向下朝着载人轿车的发动机方向，基底装置10的上边缘O布置为向上朝着顶部方向。在安装位置中，基底GS2面向外部环境，基底GS1面向运载工具内部空间。
基底GS2和基底GS1由例如钠钙玻璃组成。当然，基底GS1、GS2也可以由其它玻璃材料或聚合物塑料材料，特别是也由不同材料形成。
例如，基底GS2具有2.1 mm的厚度，基底GS1具有1.6 mm或2.1 mm的厚度。中间层3例如可以由PVB膜形成。中间层3的常见厚度为大约0.76 mm-0.85 mm，或小于0.55 mm，尤其此时0.38 mm-0.51 mm，或还更薄，尤其薄于<100μm。除了可能的本领域常见的表面粗糙度之外，中间层3具有基本上恒定的厚度，其不被设计为所谓的楔形膜。
也就是说，在基底GS1上形成HUD区域B，在运行中投影器4指向该HUD区域。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，投影器4的辐射主要是p偏振的，尤其基本上是纯p偏振的。
由于投影器4以约55°-70°的入射角辐射所述基底装置10且该入射角接近布儒斯特角57.2°，投影器的辐射仅不显著地在基底装置10的外表面I、IV上反射。与s偏振辐射相比，P偏振辐射具有优点，即在布儒斯特角的范围内(例如45°-73°)反射系数几乎为0。
相反，根据本发明的反射涂层20 (图3)针对p偏振辐射的反射而优化。它充当用于产生HUD投影的投影器4的辐射的反射面。此外，根据本发明的反射涂层可能附加地充当反射IR的涂层。
此外，在反射涂层20附近以小于0.85 mm (例如0.84 mm、0.78 mm、0.7 mm、0.55mm、0.51 mm、038 mm或100μm)的距离布置膜F，所述膜适合于反射p偏振辐射。在此重要的仅是，厚度如此之小，以使得对于人眼而言低于分辨能力。常见的HUD系统具有大于一米的图像宽度，通常1.8 m直至15 m。在该范围中可以认为，角分辨率相当于1'。 1'等于0.29 mrad(对于2 m图像距离为0.58 mm，对于5 m图像距离为1.45 mm，以及对于10 m图像距离为2.90mm)。
由此确保在可见光谱范围内的高透射率，所述高透射率不仅具有相对于p偏振辐射的高反射率，而且允许颜色中性的显示。
也就是说，与现有技术不同，在此不仅使用反射涂层20，而且使用膜F，所述反射涂层和膜分别尤其良好地反射p偏振辐射。
当这些层有利地彼此靠近时，由膜F上的反射和由反射涂层20上的反射产生的共同图像显现为共同图像。当观察者5的眼睛中的重叠图像具有小于眼睛的分辨能力的偏差时，总是这种情况。
此外，虽然在现有技术中基底装置的元件的厚度的小波动可被感知为波纹，但通过重叠反射涂层20和膜F的图像的重叠，可较不强烈至甚至不再感知到该波纹。这归因于，反射涂层20和膜F通常具有不同的波纹，或者可感知为波纹的亮度差由于两个图像的重叠而显得较不显著。
由此确保在可见光谱范围内的高透射率，所述高透射率不仅具有相对于p偏振辐射的高反射率，而且允许颜色中性的显示。
根据本发明的一个扩展方案，在膜F和反射涂层20之间布置中间层ZS。
在膜F和反射涂层20之间的中间层ZS含有选自聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚氟乙烯(PVF)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚丙烯酸酯(PA)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚氨酯(PUR)和/或它们的混合物和共聚物的至少一种材料。
这样的装置可结合到例如用于复合玻璃板的常见制造方法中，从而可成本有利地实现该装置。
根据本发明的一个扩展方案，反射涂层20与膜F的距离为25μm或更小。在此，厚度取决于投影距离。随着投影距离的增加，厚度也可能增加。
这对于投影器相对于投影面的常见角度具有优点，因为幻像形成的可能性被保持得小。
根据本发明的一个扩展方案，投影器4的辐射基本上是纯p偏振的。
由此，由投影器提供的辐射可以有利地用于反射。
根据本发明的一个扩展方案，投影器4的辐射以55°至70°的入射角射到基底GS1上。
由此，可以特别好地利用布儒斯特角附近的范围。
根据本发明的一个扩展方案，反射涂层20具有5 nm至700 nm (例如此外10 nm至14 nm)的几何厚度。对于将非金属涂层用于湿法涂覆的情况，几何厚度也可以更大。
根据本发明的一个扩展方案，反射涂层布置在第一基底GS1与第二基底GS2之间。如在图3中所示，在光路中可以首先布置反射涂层20且然后布置膜(F)，或者相反地如在图4中所示，首先布置膜(F)且然后布置反射涂层20。中间层ZS也可布置在第二基底GS1和膜F之间。
第二基底GS2可以由与第一基底GS1相同的材料制成。
第一基底GS1和第二基底GS2可以是例如玻璃基底或塑料基底。作为基底，基本上所有在制造和使用根据本发明的运载工具玻璃板的条件下呈热和化学稳定的电绝缘基底都是合适的。
玻璃板优选包含玻璃基底，特别优选平板玻璃、浮法玻璃、石英玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、钠钙玻璃或清澈塑料，优选刚性清澈塑料，尤其是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚氯乙烯和/或它们的混合物。
中间层ZS也可布置在第二基底GS2和膜F之间。
在膜F和第二基底GS2之间的中间层ZS含有选自聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚氟乙烯(PVF)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚丙烯酸酯(PA)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚氨酯(PUR)和/或它们的混合物和共聚物的至少一种材料。
也就是说，本发明也可以与复合玻璃板，尤其是运载工具挡风玻璃板一起使用。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，提供了用于平视显示器(HUD)的投影装置中的基底装置。
所述基底布置包括具有HUD区域B的基底GS1，其中基底GS1配备有适合于反射p偏振辐射的反射涂层20；其中在反射涂层20附近以小于0.85 mm (例如100μm)的距离布置膜F，所述膜F适合于反射p偏振辐射。
由此确保在可见光谱范围中的高透射率，所述高透射率不仅具有相对于p偏振辐射的高反射率，而且允许颜色中性的显示。
根据本发明的一个扩展方案，反射涂层20布置在第一基底GS1与第二基底GS2之间。
也就是说，本发明也可以与复合玻璃板，尤其是运载工具挡风玻璃板一起使用。
不限制一般性，当然也可以根据照射方向而选择不同的层序列。在此优选的是，首先照射反射涂层20且随后照射膜F (图3)。
也就是说，对于基底GS1，根据基底GS1是否被投影器的光穿过或根据基底GS1是否基本上是膜F和反射涂层20的支撑面，膜F和反射涂层20的顺序可以不同。
不限制一般性，当然也可以在各个层上或之间还设置其它层，或将不同的功能集成到已示出的层中。例如，也可以提供加热功能、防晒、IR滤光器等。特别地，反射涂层可以被设置为加热层、防晒层或IR滤光器。
涂层对于p偏振光的反射率为2%至25% (例如5%至10%) 。
本发明特别地使得佩戴具有通常p偏振的偏振滤波器的眼镜片的用户5能够没有限制地感知HUD显示器的显示，因为提供的HUD图像和环境光之间的对比度可以通过两个图像重叠的更高光效率得以改进。
也就是说，本发明例如可以用于挡风玻璃板中，尤其作为基底装置的实例的复合玻璃板中。
根据本发明的另一个实施方式，提供具有根据本发明的投影装置的运载工具，特别是陆地、海洋、航天或航空运载工具。
附图标记列表
HUD 平视显示器(HUD)
GS1 (第一)基底
GS2 (第二)基底
B HUD区域
4 投影器
5 观察者
E 眼动范围
20 反射涂层
10 基底装置
F 膜
ZS 中间层
O 上部
U 下部。

Claims (10)

1.用于平视显示器(HUD)的投影装置，其具有
· 具有HUD区域(B)的基底(GS1、GS2)，和
· 指向HUD区域(B)的投影器(4)，
· 其中投影器(4)的辐射主要是p偏振的，
· 其中所述基底(GS1、GS2)配备有适合于反射p偏振辐射的反射涂层(20)，
· 其中在所述反射涂层(20)附近以小于0.85 mm的距离布置膜(F)，所述膜适合于反射p偏振辐射，并且
· 其中在所述膜(F)和所述反射涂层(20)之间布置中间层(ZS)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的投影装置，其特征在于，所述反射涂层(20)至所述膜(F)的距离优选小于0.55 mm，特别优选小于100μm或小于25μm。
3.根据前述权利要求1或2中任一项所述的投影装置，其中所述投影器(4)的辐射基本上是纯p偏振的。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的投影装置，其中所述投影器(4)的辐射以55°至70°的入射角射到所述基底(GS1)上。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的投影装置，其中所述反射涂层(20)具有5 nm至700 nm的几何厚度。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的投影装置，其中所述反射涂层(20)布置在所述第一基底(GS1)与第二基底(GS2)之间。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的投影装置，其特征在于，在所述膜(F)、所述第一基底(GS1)和所述第二基底(GS2)之间布置中间层(ZS)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的投影装置，其包括基底装置(10)，所述基底装置具有
· 具有HUD区域(B)的基底(GS1)，
· 其中所述基底(GS1)配备有适合于反射p偏振辐射的反射涂层(20)，
· 其中在所述反射涂层(20)附近以小于0.85 mm的距离布置所述膜(F)，所述膜适合于反射p偏振辐射。
9.根据权利要求8所述的投影装置，其特征在于，所述基底装置(10)包括所述第二基底(GS2)，并且所述反射涂层(20)布置在所述第一基底(GS1)和所述第二基底(GS2)之间。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的投影装置，其中在光路中首先布置所述反射涂层(20)且然后布置所述膜(F)，或者首先布置所述膜(F)且然后布置所述反射涂层(20)。
CN202180003776.7A 2020-10-09 2021-09-29 用于平视显示器的投影装置 Pending CN114616510A (zh)

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