CN114605397A - 一种粘度近红外荧光探针的制备和应用 - Google Patents
一种粘度近红外荧光探针的制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于荧光探针技术领域,具体涉及一种粘度近红外荧光探针的制备和应用。
背景技术
粘度通过影响细胞微环境中的代谢过程,控制物质的扩散速率和生物活性。蛋白质折叠、酶催化和信号运输等过程,都依赖于粘度。粘度的异常会影响膜结合蛋白的活性,抑制胰岛素合成,导致线粒体肿胀(Sun M,Wang T,Yang X,Yu H,Huang D.Facilemitochondria localized fluorescent probe for viscosity detection in livingcells[J].Talanta,2021,225:121996.)。同时,粘度的增加和细胞恶性肿瘤、动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病等疾病的发生和发展有关(Ren M,Kai Z,Li W,Liu K,LinW.Construction of a ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe to monitor thechanges of mitochondrial viscosity[J].Sensors&Actuators:B.Chemical,2018,262:452-459;Yin J,Peng M,Lin W.The visualization of mitochondrial viscosity ininflammation,fatty liver,and cancer living mice by a robust fluorescent probe[J].Analytical Chemistry,2019,91:8415-8421.)。文献报道,正常细胞中的粘度为1~5cP,而病理细胞中的粘度则增加到140cP,甚至更高(Kuimova M K,Yahioglu G,Levitt JA,Suhling K.Molecular rotor measures viscosity of live cells via fluorescencelifetime imaging[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2008,130:6672-6673.)。因此,找到能够实时监测细胞粘度的方法对于生物医学研究具有重要意义。
传统的测量粘度的方法有:毛细管法,乌氏粘度计法,落球粘度计法等,这些测量方法操作复杂,无法实现对体内细胞粘度的实时监测。与传统的检测方法相比,荧光成像具有灵敏度高,选择性好,实时监测和无创性等优点(Zhao J,Jin G,Weng G,Li J,Zhu J,Zhao J.Recent advances in activatable fluorescence imaging probes for tumorimaging[J].Drug Discovery Today,2017,22:1367-1374;Ma Y,Chen Q,Pan X Y,ZhangJ.Insight into fluorescence imaging and bioorthogonal reactions in biologicalanalysis[J].Topics in Current Chemistry,2021,379:1359-6446.),已在检测细胞粘度的研究中得到应用(Wang X D,Fan L,Wang S H,Zhang Y W,Li F,Zan Q,Lu W J,Shuang SM,Dong C.Real-time monitoring mitochondrial viscosity during mitophagy usinga mitochondria-immobilized near-infrared aggregation-induced emission probe[J].Analytical Chemistry,2021,93:3241-3249.)。但是,这些探针发射波长短,容易受到自身背景荧光的干扰,从而阻碍了它们在生物系统中的应用。因此,设计具有长的发射波长,背景荧光干扰少的荧光探针是有必要的。
喹啉-氧杂蒽作为一种新型的荧光染料,具有水溶性好、灵敏度高等优点。特别是,它具有近红外发射,因此表现出较深的组织穿透深度,不易受到生物自体荧光的干扰,对生物成像更有利(Kwon S,Kwon D I,Jung Y,Ju H K,Lee J.Indolizino[3,2-c]quinolinesas environment-sensitive fluorescent light-up probes for targeted live cellimaging[J].Sensors and Actuators B Chemical,2017,252:340-352.)。研究发现,利用喹啉衍生物的荧光探针已经成功应用于一些目标物的检测,如:Pb2+、ALP等(Velmurugan K,Vickram R,Jipsa C V,Karthick R,Nandhakumar R.Quinoline based reversiblefluorescent probe for Pb2+applications in milk,bioimaging and inhibitmolecular logic gate[J].Food Chemistry,2021,348:129098;Wang W X,Jiang W L,GuoH,Li Y F,Li C Y.Real-time imaging of alkaline phosphatase activity ofdiabetes in mice via a near-infrared fluorescent probe[J].ChemicalCommunications,2021,57:480-483.)。但是,到现在为止,还没有基于喹啉-氧杂蒽染料作为荧光探针来检测粘度。因此,本发明设计和合成一种基于喹啉-氧杂蒽染料的粘度近红外荧光探针来检测粘度。
发明内容
根据所提出的要求,本发明人对此进行了深入研究,在付出了大量创造性劳动后,提供了一种粘度近红外荧光探针。
本发明的技术方案是,一种检测粘度的近红外荧光探针,其结构式如下:
一种检测粘度近红外荧光探针的制备方法。步骤如下:
在25mL的圆底烧瓶中,将1.0~1.4当量的2-甲基-N-乙基喹啉和0.8~1.2当量的二乙氨基氧杂蒽溶解在10mL的EtOH中,通氮气,抽真空,并在搅拌的条件下,加入0.2~0.4mL的哌啶,70~90℃的油浴中回流14~18h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得粗产物经柱层析纯化,以二氯甲烷:甲醇=90:3~110:3作为洗脱剂,得到的蓝色固体QX-V,即为所述的荧光探针。
本发明的有益效果是,一种检测粘度(Gly)的近红外荧光探针的良好光谱响应性能。首先,研究该探针的荧光光谱性质。探针本身在水溶液中没有明显的近红外发射峰;当探针中加入到具有一定粘度的甘油和水的混合溶液中时,在782nm处出现了明显的近红外发射峰。并且,随着粘度的增大,探针的近红外荧光强度不断增强。并且在一定粘度范围内荧光强度的对数和粘度的对数成正比,具有较强的灵敏度,这表明探针可以很好的检测粘度的变化。接着,研究了探针的紫外吸收光谱。在水溶液中,探针在710nm处无明显的吸收峰;随着溶液的粘度增加至523cp,710nm处的吸收峰显著升高。然后,研究探针的选择性,考察了探针与各种金属离子(Ca2+,Mg2+,K+,Fe3+,Cu2+)和阴离子(Cl-,Br-,I-,HS-),活性氧(ClO-,H2O2,ONOO-),生物硫醇(GSH,Cys,Hcy),氨基酸(Trp,Met,Leu,Phe,Lys,Val,Lle,Thr)和粘度的荧光响应情况。结果发现,只有粘度能引起荧光光谱的改变,其他干扰物对探针的荧光光谱没有明显的影响。接着,研究了pH值对荧光探针测定粘度的影响,当pH值在5.5到9.5之间时,不影响荧光探针对粘度的测定,说明该探针可以用于生理条件下粘度的测定。此外,该荧光探针具有优异的光稳定性,确保了探针的实用性。
一种检测粘度的近红外荧光探针的应用。采用HepG2细胞进行实验,当细胞中加入荧光探针后,可以明显地观察到微弱的荧光,当加入制菌霉素(Nys)诱导细胞粘度增大,荧光增强,这说明探针在活细胞中对粘度有响应。
附图说明
图1为荧光探针的合成路线。
图2为荧光探针在不同粘度溶液中的荧光光谱图。
横坐标为波长,纵坐标为荧光强度。荧光探针的浓度为10μM,甘油在水中的占比分别为:0,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80%,85%,90%,95%。对应的粘度分别为1cp,2.5cp,3.7cp,5.4cp,10.8cp,30.5cp,60.1cp,109cp,219cp,523cp。发射波长为700-900nm,对应的激发波长为710nm。
图3为荧光探针荧光强度对数与粘度对数的关系图。
横坐标为粘度的对数,纵坐标为荧光强度的对数。荧光探针的浓度为10μM。
图4为荧光探针对不同粘度溶液的紫外可见吸收光谱图。
图5为荧光探针的选择性图。
荧光探针的浓度为10μM,其它分析物浓度均为200μM。
图6为pH对荧光探针的影响图。
图7为荧光探针的光稳定性图。
图8为细胞毒性实验图。横坐标为荧光探针的浓度,纵坐标为细胞的存活率。
图9荧光探针的细胞成像图。
图10相对荧光强度图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明,但不限于此。
实施例1:
荧光探针的合成
合成路线如图1。在25mL的圆底烧瓶中,将2-甲基-N-乙基喹啉(204mg,1.2mmol)和二乙氨基氧杂蒽(285mg,1mmol)溶解在10mL的EtOH中,通氮气,抽真空。在搅拌的条件下,加入0.3mL的哌啶,80℃的油浴中回流16h。反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂。所得粗产物经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷:甲醇=100:3)得到的蓝色固体QX-V,即为所述的荧光探针。(263mg,产率60%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ8.63(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),8.56(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),8.52(d,J=14.2Hz,1H),7.81(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.67(t,J=8.8,Hz,1H),7.39(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.08(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),7.06(s,1H)6.83(s,1H),6.52(d,J=8.8,Hz,1H),6.22(d,J=14.2Hz,1H),4.76(q,J=7.3Hz,2H),3.58(q,J=7.1Hz,4H),2.53(t,J=7.5Hz,4H),1.83-1.75(m,2H),1.59(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),1.27-1.18(t,J=7.6Hz,6H).
实施例2:
荧光探针和不同比例甘油溶液配制及粘度的测定
探针溶液的制备:称取一定量探针溶解在二甲基亚砜中,配成1×10-4M的备用溶液。将1.0mL探针的备用溶液加入到10mL的容量瓶中,用Tris-HCl缓冲溶液定容后,得到浓度为1.0×10-5mol/L的荧光探针溶液。分别配制甘油在水中的占比不同的溶液(0,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80%,85%,90%,95%),并用NDJ-1指针数显旋转粘度计测量其粘度,获得对应的粘度分别为1cp,2.5cp,3.7cp,5.4cp,10.8cp,30.5cp,60.1cp,109cp,219cp,523cp。
实施例3:
荧光探针在不同粘度溶液中荧光光谱的测定
图2为荧光探针在不同粘度溶液中的荧光光谱,荧光探针的浓度为10μM,溶液的甘油的占比依次为0,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80%,85%,90%,95%。实验所用激发波长为710nm,发射波长范围为700~900nm。狭缝宽度为5.0nm/5.0nm,所用的荧光测定仪器为日立F4600荧光分光光度计。从图中可以看出,当探针在水溶液中,几乎没有发射峰;随着甘油的占比不断增加,也就是溶液粘度的增大,荧光逐渐增强。图3为探针对不同粘度对数的线性响应图。荧光强度的对数值和粘度的对数值呈线性关系,线性范围是2.5cP~523cP。该探针具有较宽的检测范围,能满足对粘度的检测要求。
实施例4:
荧光探针在不同粘度溶液中紫外可见吸收光谱的测定
图4为荧光探针在不同粘度下的紫外可见吸收光谱图,荧光探针的浓度为10μM,溶液的甘油的占比依次为0,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80%,85%,90%,95%。紫外可见吸收光谱测定用的仪器为安捷伦Cary60紫外可见分光光度计。从图4中可以看出,在水溶液中,探针在710nm处无明显的吸收峰;溶液的粘度增加至523cp时,710nm处的吸收峰明显升高。
实施例5:
荧光探针对粘度测定的选择性
图5为荧光探针对粘度的选择性,探针与各种金属离子(Ca2+,Mg2+,K+,Fe3+,Cu2+)和阴离子(Cl-,Br-,I-,HS-),活性氧(ClO-,H2O2,ONOO-),生物硫醇(GSH,Cys,Hcy)以及氨基酸(Trp,Met,Leu,Phe,Lys,Val,Lle,Thr),以及对粘度的荧光响应情况。结果发现,只有粘度能引起荧光光谱的改变,其他干扰物对探针的荧光光谱没有明显的影响。说明该荧光探针能够对粘度的响应具有很好的选择性。
实施例6:
溶液pH值对荧光探针测定粘度的荧光性质的影响
考察pH值对荧光探针测定粘度的荧光光谱的影响,其结果如图6。我们研究的pH范围为5.5-9.5,荧光探针的浓度为10μM,溶液的粘度分别为1cp和523cp。从图中可以看出,在水溶液中,探针荧光强度随着pH的变化基本不变。当探针加入到95%的甘油溶液后,溶液的粘度变大,在生理环境的pH范围内,探针能保持对粘度的良好响应,不影响荧光探针对粘度的测定,这非常有利于该探针用于生物样品中粘度的测定。
实施例7:
荧光探针在甘油中光稳定性的测定
我们研究了荧光探针在523cp溶液中的光稳定性,探针加入该粘度的溶液中开始测量计时,直至测量时间为两小时,其结果如图7。从图中可以看出,该探针在甘油中2h依然能够保持对粘度良好的响应,具有良好的光稳定性,这能够满足在实际样品中进行监测的要求。
实施例8:
荧光探针在活细胞中的应用
首先,我们做了细胞毒性试验,如图8所示。当加入0~30μM探针,人肝癌细胞HepG2的存活率在90%以上。这可以说明,该荧光探针毒性较小,可应用于检测活细胞内的粘度。然后,研究荧光探针在活细胞中的应用,选择人肝癌细胞HepG2进行共聚焦显微成像,结果如图9所示。在加入探针后,可以明显的观察到微弱的荧光,加入制菌霉素(Nys)诱导细胞粘度增大后,荧光明显增强。图10显示了两组细胞相对荧光强度,这些结果说明该探针可以高灵敏性的检测细胞内的粘度。
Claims (3)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种粘度近红外荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,反应步骤如下:
在25mL的圆底烧瓶中,将1.0~1.4当量的2-甲基-N-乙基喹啉和0.8~1.2当量的二乙氨基氧杂蒽溶解在10mL的EtOH中,通氮气,抽真空,并在搅拌的条件下,加入0.2~0.4mL的哌啶,70~90℃的油浴中回流14~18h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得粗产物经柱层析纯化,以二氯甲烷:甲醇=90:3~110:3作为洗脱剂,得到的蓝色固体QX-V,即为所述的荧光探针。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种粘度近红外荧光探针的应用,其特征在于,所述荧光探针可应用于活细胞中粘度的检测。
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