CN114603948A - 一种玻璃防火夹胶膜、防火夹胶玻璃及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种玻璃防火夹胶膜、防火夹胶玻璃及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN114603948A
CN114603948A CN202210132241.6A CN202210132241A CN114603948A CN 114603948 A CN114603948 A CN 114603948A CN 202210132241 A CN202210132241 A CN 202210132241A CN 114603948 A CN114603948 A CN 114603948A
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glass
fireproof
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翁永平
王辉林
刘杰
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Shanghai Yaojiang Construction Engineering Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种玻璃防火夹胶膜、防火夹胶玻璃及其制作方法。本发明的玻璃防火夹胶膜由35～45wt％的有机硅树脂气凝胶和55～65wt％的PVA复合而成。本发明的防火夹胶玻璃包括多层夹胶玻璃片，所述的夹胶玻璃片包括两片玻璃基片以及设于两片玻璃基片之间的玻璃防火夹胶膜，所述的玻璃防火夹胶膜由有机硅树脂气凝胶与PVA复合而成。本发明将气凝胶与PVA复合制成防火夹胶玻璃，可根据防火等级要求，进行多层的夹胶膜的加工，满足市场使用的要求，最多可以六层压制，隔热防火可达2小时，且本发明的防火夹胶玻璃不但稳定性好，还具有防爆、防砸等功能。

Description

一种玻璃防火夹胶膜、防火夹胶玻璃及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种玻璃防火夹胶膜、防火夹胶玻璃及其制作方法，属于防火材料技术领域。
背景技术
防火工作是关系到千家万户每个人的生命，是安全的防控重要工作之一。玻璃现在离不了我们的生活。这样防火玻璃就成了我们建筑防火的材料之一。目前防火玻璃形式也多样。采用的材料和工艺方法，以及实现效果等千差万别。
玻璃是一种透明度、强度及硬度都很高，不透气的物料，玻璃在日常环境中呈化学惰性，亦不会与生物起作用，故此，用途非常广泛。现有技术中用于建筑物的玻璃，主要是用来封闭、采光、保温。随着我国经济的高速发展，人们对生活质量的要求越来越高，建筑的玻璃门窗面积越来越大,建筑玻璃已从过去单纯作为采光和装饰用材料，逐渐向安全防火、保温隔热、隔音降噪、智能控制光线等方向发展。
气凝胶是一种由纳米级颗粒堆积而成的、具有纳米级孔洞的轻质固体材料，因此具有极高的孔隙率、比表面积，优异的化学稳定性和不燃性，表现出优异的轻质、透光、隔热、保温、隔音、防火、抗冲击性能。因此，若将气凝胶与玻璃复合可以实现同时兼有透明、保温隔热、温敏变色、智能遮阳功能的玻璃门窗。
现有防火玻璃情况分析，目前是有两种：
一种传统的由两层或两层以上的玻璃基片作为两侧模板，在中间灌入防火剂复合而成的玻璃，它具有透明，能阻挡和控制热辐射、烟雾及火焰，防止火灾蔓延的特点。当它暴露在火焰中时能成为火焰的屏障，能经受1个小时以上的负载，这种玻璃的特点是能有效地限制玻璃表面两侧的热传递，并且在受热后变成不透明，使人们在着火时看不见火焰或感觉不到温度升高及热浪。其具有如下性能和特点：(1)防火与阻隔性能，经国家防火建筑材料质量监督中心检验，耐火等级为1级，经90分钟燃烧，向火面温度以达1016℃但背火面温度仅达130℃，玻璃仍保持完整；(2)耐水性，在室温下水中浸泡30天无任何变化；(3)无色透明、高通透性；(4)良好的隔音性能，具有过滤紫外线功能；在保证透光率的前提下，阻隔大量紫外线，防止室内饰品褪色老化。它的缺陷是：生产工艺比较复杂；产品如果安装在室外，稳定性比较差，在夏天高温下容易起反应，也就是防火反应温度偏低或者是不稳定，提前雾化了。
另一种是目前用的比较普遍的单片防火玻璃，是在经过化学钢化处理以后，再进行深度钢化产生的防火玻璃产品，它不能阻隔热量，但能在高温下阻挡火焰蔓延，保持玻璃完整性达60分钟以上，避免了撤离现场的惊慌。它的缺陷是：生产工艺也是比较复杂；产品不稳定，偶然性较强，并不是一种理想的防火玻璃。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是：如何将气凝胶与PVA复合制成防火夹胶玻璃以克服现有的防火玻璃的生产工艺复杂、产品稳定性较差以及防火性能不佳等问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种玻璃防火夹胶膜，由有机硅树脂气凝胶和PVA复合而成，所述有机硅树脂和PVA的质量比为35～45：55～65。
优选地，所述的有机硅树脂气凝胶的制备原料包括以质量份数计的正硅酸四乙酯8-15份，正硅酸四甲酯10-25份，甲醇5-15份，水20-40份，草酸8-15份，氨水7-50份，正己烷10-25份，有机硅树脂10-30份，胺类固化剂2-15份，以及氢氧化镁5-20份。
优选地，所述的水为去离子水；所述的氨水的质量浓度为20～30％；所述的胺类固化剂包括氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、聚醚胺、脂肪胺、脂环胺、杂环胺和聚酰胺中的至少一种。
本发明还提供了一种防火夹胶玻璃，包括多层夹胶玻璃片，所述的夹胶玻璃片包括两片玻璃基片以及设于两片玻璃基片之间的玻璃防火夹胶膜，所述的玻璃防火夹胶膜为上述的玻璃防火夹胶膜。
优选地，所述的防火夹胶玻璃包括2～6层夹胶玻璃片。
优选地，所述的玻璃基片为钢化玻璃、铯钾玻璃、微晶玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃、浮法玻璃、着色玻璃、镀膜玻璃、压花玻璃和夹胶玻璃中的至少一种。
本发明还提供了上述的防火夹胶玻璃的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1：制备有机硅树脂气凝胶；
步骤2：将有机硅树脂气凝胶与PVA混合，在常温下合成为膜；
步骤3：制作两片玻璃基片；
步骤4：在两片玻璃基片之间夹入步骤2所得的膜，并在加热条件下抽真空进行合成有机硅树脂-PVB夹胶玻璃，完成后搁置在通风阴凉处进行凝固成形，并去除边角料。
步骤5：待成形后，将有机硅树脂-PVB夹胶玻璃复合形成多层的防火玻璃材料，然后再放入层压机处理使多层的防火膜片成形，即得防火玻璃。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下有益效果：
1.本发明将气凝胶与PVA复合制成防火夹胶玻璃，可根据防火等级要求，进行多层的夹胶膜的加工，满足市场使用的要求，最多可以六层压制，隔热防火可达2小时，且本发明的防火夹胶玻璃不但稳定性好，还具有防爆、防砸等功能；
2.本发明在玻璃夹入有机硅树脂气凝胶时，先在加热条件下真空夹膜处理，无需额外操作，结合气凝胶的特性和本发明的制备工艺；得到的防火玻璃无微气泡且透光率高，本发明的防火玻璃具有超低的导热系数、良好的耐高低温性能和抗老化性能，表现出优异的轻质、透光、隔热、保温、隔音、防火和抗冲击性能；制作工艺简便、加工时间和周期大大缩短，更具有很强的市场竞争力。
附图说明
图1为防火玻璃的耐火极限测试结果；
图2为防火玻璃防火耐热测试的试验现象报告；
图3为防火玻璃防火耐热测试的试验温度曲线报告。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂，兹以优选实施例，并配合附图作详细说明如下。
实施例1
一种玻璃防火夹胶膜及防火玻璃的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
1、制备有机硅树脂气凝胶
(1)加入8份正硅酸四乙酯，12份正硅酸四甲酯，5份甲醇，20份水，8份草酸加入烧杯中，搅拌10分钟，混合均匀后放置在50℃的水浴锅中水解10-12h；
(2)在步骤(1)中水解完成后，将22份氨水溶液加入到烧杯中发生缩聚反应，形成醇凝胶；
(3)将步骤2)得到的醇凝胶置于甲醇中老化12h，再加入10份的正己烷进行反应，12h后得到湿凝胶；
(4)将步骤3)得到的湿凝胶与8份的有机硅树脂，2份的氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷，5份氢氧化镁，投入至反应器中反应10h，然后在80℃下干燥10小时得到有机硅树脂增强的绝热型二氧化硅气凝胶。
2、制备玻璃防火夹胶膜
将步骤1制备所得的气凝胶30份与PVA 40份均匀混合，在常温下合成为膜。
3、防火玻璃的制作
(1)制备好两个玻璃框架，中间夹入步骤2合成的防火夹胶膜，并在加热条件下抽真空进行合成有机硅树脂-PVB夹胶玻璃，完成后搁置在通风阴凉处进行凝固成形，并去除边角料。
(2)待成形后，将有机硅树脂-PVB夹胶玻璃复合成2层(根据防火等级要求，可复合成2～6层)的防火玻璃材料，然后再放入层压机处理使多层的防火膜片成形，即得防火玻璃。
实施例2
一种玻璃防火夹胶膜及防火玻璃的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
1、制备有机硅树脂气凝胶
(1)加入10份正硅酸四乙酯，10份正硅酸四甲酯，5份甲醇，20份水，15份草酸加入烧杯中，搅拌10分钟，混合均匀后放置在50℃的水浴锅中水解10-12h；
(2)在步骤(1)中水解完成后，将18份氨水溶液加入到烧杯中发生缩聚反应，形成醇凝胶；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的醇凝胶置于甲醇中老化12h，再加入10份的正己烷进行反应，12h后得到湿凝胶；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的湿凝胶与10份的有机硅树脂，2份的氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷，5份氢氧化镁，投入至反应器中反应10h，然后在80℃下干燥10小时得到有机硅树脂增强的绝热型二氧化硅气凝胶。
2、制备玻璃防火夹胶膜
将步骤1制备所得的气凝胶30份与PVA 40份均匀混合，在常温下合成为膜。
3、防火玻璃的制作
(1)制备好两个玻璃框架，中间夹入步骤2合成的防火夹胶膜，并在加热条件下抽真空进行合成有机硅树脂-PVB夹胶玻璃，完成后搁置在通风阴凉处进行凝固成形，并去除边角料。
(2)待成形后，将有机硅树脂-PVB夹胶玻璃复合成2层(根据防火等级要求，可复合成2～6层)的防火玻璃材料，然后再放入层压机处理使多层的防火膜片成形，即得防火玻璃。
本发明的防火玻璃在高温燃烧后，首先玻璃变成乳白色的，然后夹膜产生大量的汽泡，不断的使玻璃变形，有时引起受火面的那面开裂，但由于与膜非直接接触，没法使膜燃烧，这样一直僵持状态，由于玻璃材料有二氧化硅和二氧化碳以及水汽产生，阻断了热辐射的热能，和热能的传导作用，实现了防火隔热的性能要求。当然，防火隔热玻璃的夹层膜的厚度以及夹层的层数，与隔热的能力和隔热的效率有正比关系。
取实施例1制作的防火玻璃进行防火隔热测试，测试标准按照GB/T12513-2006《镶玻璃钩件耐火试验方法》，经检验，该防火玻璃的耐火性能达到2h，检验中进行了耐火极限的测试，包括耐火完整性和耐火隔热性的测试，测试标准及结果如图1所示，试验现象报告如图2所示，试验温度曲线报告如图3所示。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明任何形式上和实质上的限制，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明的前提下，还将可以做出若干改进和补充，这些改进和补充也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种玻璃防火夹胶膜，其特征在于，由有机硅树脂气凝胶和PVA复合而成，所述有机硅树脂和PVA的质量比为35～45：55～65。
2.如权利要求1所述的玻璃防火夹胶膜，其特征在于，所述的有机硅树脂气凝胶的制备原料包括以质量份数计的正硅酸四乙酯8-15份，正硅酸四甲酯10-25份，甲醇5-15份，水20-40份，草酸8-15份，氨水7-50份，正己烷10-25份，有机硅树脂10-30份，胺类固化剂2-15份，以及氢氧化镁5-20份。
3.如权利要求2所述的玻璃防火夹胶膜，其特征在于，所述的水为去离子水；所述的氨水的质量浓度为20～30％；所述的胺类固化剂包括氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、聚醚胺、脂肪胺、脂环胺、杂环胺和聚酰胺中的至少一种。
4.一种防火夹胶玻璃，其特征在于，包括多层夹胶玻璃片，所述的夹胶玻璃片包括两片玻璃基片以及设于两片玻璃基片之间的玻璃防火夹胶膜，所述的玻璃防火夹胶膜为权利要求1～3中任意一项所述的玻璃防火夹胶膜。
5.如权利要求4所述的防火夹胶玻璃，其特征在于，所述的防火夹胶玻璃包括2～6层夹胶玻璃片。
6.如权利要求4所述的防火夹胶玻璃，其特征在于，所述的玻璃基片为钢化玻璃、铯钾玻璃、微晶玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃、浮法玻璃、着色玻璃、镀膜玻璃、压花玻璃和夹胶玻璃中的至少一种。
7.权利要求4所述的防火夹胶玻璃的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤1：制备有机硅树脂气凝胶；
步骤2：将有机硅树脂气凝胶与PVA混合，在常温下合成为膜；
步骤3：制作两片玻璃基片；
步骤4：在两片玻璃基片之间夹入步骤2所得的膜，并在加热条件下抽真空进行合成有机硅树脂-PVB夹胶玻璃，完成后搁置在通风阴凉处进行凝固成形，并去除边角料。
步骤5：待成形后，将有机硅树脂-PVB夹胶玻璃复合形成多层的防火玻璃材料，然后再放入层压机处理使多层的防火膜片成形，即得防火玻璃。
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