CN114591745B - 草莓连作土壤改良菌剂及其应用方法 - Google Patents

草莓连作土壤改良菌剂及其应用方法 Download PDF

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CN114591745B
CN114591745B CN202210328032.9A CN202210328032A CN114591745B CN 114591745 B CN114591745 B CN 114591745B CN 202210328032 A CN202210328032 A CN 202210328032A CN 114591745 B CN114591745 B CN 114591745B
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王勇军
宋福强
吴酬飞
吴小芬
周巍
竹江良
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Zhejiang Guiye Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明属于农业种植及土壤微生物技术领域,具体为草莓连作土壤改良菌剂及其应用方法。该草莓连作土壤改良菌剂包括细菌、真菌、放线菌;按重量份数计,细菌包括解淀粉芽孢杆菌10~15份、地衣芽孢杆菌10~15份、乳酸杆菌10~15份、胶质芽孢杆菌10~15份,真菌包括酵母菌5~10份、寡雄腐霉菌5~10份,放线菌包括淡紫褐链霉菌5~10份,还包括无色杆菌5~10份,所述无色杆菌为无色杆菌(Achromobacter sp.)WX1501,保藏日期为2017年6月28日,保藏编号为CCTCC No:M2017392。本发明综合考虑了草莓地细菌、真菌、放线菌三大菌类组成,多种功能微生物协同作用使病原菌得到有效抑制。通过无色杆菌(Achromobacter sp.)WX1501的添加,有利于清除土壤中的异菌脲,提高了草莓果实的安全性。

Description

草莓连作土壤改良菌剂及其应用方法
技术领域
本发明属于农业种植及土壤微生物技术领域,具体为草莓连作土壤改良菌剂及其应用方法。
背景技术
草莓( Fragaria ananassa Duch) 属蔷薇科(Rosaceae)草莓属植物,富含多种维生素和氨基酸,味美多汁、经济价值高,吸引了众多农户种植。但同一地块连续种植草莓后,即使是在正常的生产管理的措施下,也会发生株高下降,叶片数减少、生育期迟缓、植株萎缩矮化等连作障碍,最后导致产量降低、品质明显变差。
调查表明,草莓连作障碍主要是由于土壤障碍的因素引起的,究其主要原因是因为土壤微生物生态结构不平衡。所以,增加土壤中微生物的多样性是草莓连作土壤生态改良的一个重要方向。微生物已渐渐成为土壤改良的重要技术手段。中国专利文献CN107473801 A公开了一种草莓连作土壤改良剂,其中添加了含有EM菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸杆菌四种微生物菌的发酵液。中国专利文献CN 113278563 A公开了一种草莓专用土壤改良微生物菌剂,微生物菌剂的活性成分为解脂假丝酵母菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、仙人掌杆菌、光合菌、巨大芽孢杆菌。该配方可改善土壤理化性质、缩短采摘周期,提高整体产量。虽然现有技术中公开了大量的用于草莓地的土壤改良配方,但是根据部分草莓种植户反应,利用微生物改良土壤的实际效果并不明显。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种改良效果明显的草莓连作土壤改良剂,通过改善功能微生物的配比,起到改善草莓植株根际环境、克服草莓连作障碍的作用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
草莓连作土壤改良菌剂,包括细菌、真菌、放线菌;按重量份数计,细菌包括解淀粉芽孢杆菌10~15份、地衣芽孢杆菌10~15份、乳酸杆菌10~15份、胶质芽孢杆菌10~15份,真菌包括酵母菌5~10份、寡雄腐霉菌5~10份,放线菌包括淡紫褐链霉菌5~10份。
解淀粉芽孢杆菌为芽孢杆菌属,对草莓灰霉病菌等多种病原菌具有显著的拮抗作用。地衣芽孢杆菌对作物的灰霉病、黄萎病、根腐病、叶斑病等具有较好的抑制效果,已被大量应用于生物菌肥中。乳酸杆菌能产生抗多种病原微生物的抗菌分子,乳酸杆菌产生的主要抑菌物质包括有机酸、抗菌肽等。胶质芽孢杆菌能分泌植物生长刺激素及多种酶,可增强作物对一些病害的抵抗力,还对解磷、解钾、固氮有很好的效果。酵母菌可以补充土壤益生菌,抑制有害菌滋生,调节土壤菌系平衡。寡雄腐霉菌能够在草莓根围定殖,对白粉病致病菌有较好的的抑制作用,还能促进草莓对磷的吸收。淡紫褐链霉菌主要用于防控草莓的根腐病。
作为改进,所述解淀粉芽孢杆菌的有效活菌数≥80亿/g,地衣芽孢杆菌≥80亿/g,乳酸杆菌≥80亿/g、胶质芽孢杆菌≥80亿/g。
作为改进,所述酵母菌的有效活菌数≥100亿/g,寡雄腐霉菌的有效活菌数≥10亿/g。
作为改进,所述淡紫褐链霉菌的有效活菌数≥100亿/g。
作为进一步改进,所述细菌包括无色杆菌5~10份,所述无色杆菌为无色杆菌(Achromobacter sp .) WX1501,保藏日期为2017年6月28日,保藏编号为 CCTCC No:M2017392。
本申请的发明人于2017年在南海海底沉积物中分离纯化得到一株无色杆菌,对其做了保藏。在对一块被机油污染的耕地土壤进行改良时,发明人使用了该无色杆菌,发现这株无色杆菌其对异菌脲也有较好的降解作用。异菌脲是一种高效广谱、触杀型杀菌剂,被广泛用于灰霉病的防治,种植草莓、番茄的土壤中常常出现异菌脲超标,产生的草莓、番茄中也常常被检出异菌脲。无色杆菌(Achromobacter sp .) WX1501的添加,有利于分解土壤中残留的异菌脲,使种植得到的草莓更加安全。
本发明还提供了一种草莓连作土壤改良菌剂的应用方法:包括如下步骤,
S1:生物闷棚:闷棚时间持续10~15天;
S2:配置改良菌液:在草莓定值前3~7天使用土壤改良菌剂,土壤改良菌剂每亩施用量为20~30 kg,土壤改良菌剂:水=1:50~100的质量比混合得到改良菌液;其中,土壤改良菌剂包括细菌、真菌、放线菌;按重量份数计,细菌包括解淀粉芽孢杆菌10~15份、地衣芽孢杆菌10~15份、乳酸杆菌10~15份、胶质芽孢杆菌10~15份,真菌包括酵母菌5~10份、寡雄腐霉菌5~10份,放线菌包括淡紫褐链霉菌5~10份;
S3:喷洒改良菌液:将步骤S2得到的改良菌液浇于土壤表面,并用旋耕机进行深翻,使土壤改良菌剂与土壤充分搅拌;
S4:起垄定值:定植草莓苗前,用改良菌液浸润草莓苗根部,改良菌液由土壤改良菌剂:水=1:50~100的质量比混合得到。
作为改进,所述细菌包括无色杆菌5~10份,所述无色杆菌为无色杆菌(Achromobacter sp .) WX1501,保藏日期为2017年6月28日,保藏编号为 CCTCC No:M2017392。
本发明的有益效果:本发明综合考虑了草莓地细菌、真菌、放线菌三大菌类组成,并配比了多种功能微生物,多种功能微生物协同作用,抢占致病菌的生态位,病原菌得到有效抑制,草莓苗可以正常生长。通过无色杆菌(Achromobacter sp .) WX1501的添加,有利于清除土壤中的异菌脲,提高了草莓果实的安全性。
生物保藏说明
无色杆菌(Achromobacter sp .) WX1501,于2017年6月28日保藏在中国典型培养物保藏中心,地址为湖北省武汉市武昌区,保藏编号为CCTCC No:M2017392。
具体实施方式
土壤改良实验在浙江省湖州市长兴县某草莓种植基地进行,某块土地已经连续种植草莓3年,需要改良。为验证本配方的优越性,分成5个对照组,分别用不同的配方进行实验。草莓的品种为红颜,草莓生长全周期进行统一、常规的水肥管理。从草莓苗的死苗率、须根情况、根部病害发生次数、草莓产量、草莓糖度等几个维度进行考察。
一、各对照组中采用的配方和应用方法
1、对照组1中土壤改良剂的配方和应用方法如下:
土壤改良剂配方1:解淀粉芽孢杆菌10~12份、地衣芽孢杆菌10~12份、乳酸杆菌10~12份、胶质芽孢杆菌10~12份,无色杆菌5~6份,真菌包括酵母菌5~6份、寡雄腐霉菌5~6份,放线菌包括淡紫褐链霉菌5~6份。菌株载体为凹凸棒粉。其中,解淀粉芽孢杆菌的有效活菌数≥80亿/g,地衣芽孢杆菌≥80亿/g,乳酸杆菌≥80亿/g、胶质芽孢杆菌≥80亿/g。酵母菌的有效活菌数≥100亿/g,寡雄腐霉菌的有效活菌数≥10亿/g。所述淡紫褐链霉菌的有效活菌数≥100亿/g。其中,无色杆菌为无色杆菌(Achromobacter sp .) WX1501,保藏日期为2017年6月28日,保藏编号为 CCTCC No:M2017392。该无色杆菌取自湖州师范学院实验室。
土壤改良剂配方1应用方法:
S1:生物闷棚:2021年8月12日开始闷棚,至8月26日结束;
S2:配置改良菌液:2021年8月27日,按土壤改良菌剂每亩施用量为25kg土壤改良菌剂的标准配置改良菌液,土壤改良菌剂:水=1: 100的质量比混合,得到改良菌液;其中,土壤改良菌剂的组分见其配方;
S3:喷洒改良菌液:将步骤S2得到的改良菌液浇于土壤表面,并用旋耕机进行深翻,使土壤改良菌剂与土壤充分搅拌;
S4:起垄定值:2021年8月31日定植草莓苗。定植草莓苗前,用改良菌液浸润草莓苗根部,改良菌液由土壤改良菌剂:水=1: 100的质量比混合得到。
2、对照组2中土壤改良剂的配方和应用方法如下:
对照组2中土壤改良剂的配方与对照组1的相同;
应用方法的区别为:定值前,不经过改良菌液的浸根步骤。
3、对照组3中土壤改良剂的配方和应用方法如下:
土壤改良剂配方3与土壤改良剂配方1相比,仅减少了乳酸杆菌,其他相同。
土壤改良剂配方3应用方法与对照组1相同。
4、对照组4中土壤改良剂的配方和应用方法如下:
土壤改良剂配方4与土壤改良剂配方1相比,减少了无色杆菌、乳酸杆菌和寡雄腐霉菌,其他相同。
土壤改良剂配方4应用方法与对照组1相同。
5、对照组5中土壤改良剂的配方和应用方法如下:
土壤改良剂配方5与土壤改良剂配方1相比,改变了无色杆菌的菌株,采用木糖氧化无色杆菌,木糖氧化无色杆菌对敌草隆有理想的降解作用。其他配方相同。
土壤改良剂配方5应用方法与对照组1相同。
二、试验结果与讨论
死苗率 须根情况 根部病害发生次数 草莓产量(公斤/亩) 草莓糖度 草莓中异菌脲含量
对照组1 0 长,茂盛 0 4000斤左右 15.3% 未检出
对照组2 8.1% 稍短,茂盛 2 3200斤左右 15.3% 未检出
对照组3 5.3% 长,茂盛 1 3700斤左右 15.1% 未检出
对照组4 8.8% 稍短,茂盛 2 3200斤左右 13.7% 0.16mg/kg
对照组5 1.1% 长,茂盛 0 4000斤左右 15.1% 0.10mg/kg
另外,对照组1、对照组5的草莓成熟得相对较早,到2021年11月中下旬,第一批草莓可以采摘上市,比对照组4提早7-10天左右。

Claims (5)

1.草莓连作土壤改良菌剂,其特征在于:包括细菌、真菌、放线菌;按重量份数计,细菌包括解淀粉芽孢杆菌10~15份、地衣芽孢杆菌10~15份、乳酸杆菌10~15份、胶质芽孢杆菌10~15份、无色杆菌5~10份,所述无色杆菌为无色杆菌(Achromobacter sp .) WX1501,保藏日期为2017年6月28日,保藏编号为 CCTCC No:M2017392;真菌包括酵母菌5~10份、寡雄腐霉菌5~10份;放线菌包括淡紫褐链霉菌5~10份。
2.如权利要求1所述的草莓连作土壤改良菌剂,其特征在于:所述解淀粉芽孢杆菌的有效活菌数≥80亿/g,地衣芽孢杆菌的有效活菌数≥80亿/g,乳酸杆菌的有效活菌数≥80亿/g、胶质芽孢杆菌的有效活菌数≥80亿/g。
3.如权利要求1所述的草莓连作土壤改良菌剂,其特征在于:所述酵母菌的有效活菌数≥100亿/g,寡雄腐霉菌的有效活菌数≥10亿/g。
4.如权利要求1所述的草莓连作土壤改良菌剂,其特征在于:所述淡紫褐链霉菌的有效活菌数≥100亿/g。
5.草莓连作土壤改良菌剂的应用方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤,
S1:生物闷棚:闷棚时间持续10~15天;
S2:配置改良菌液:在草莓定值前3~7天使用土壤改良菌剂,土壤改良菌剂每亩施用量为20~30 kg,土壤改良菌剂:水=1:50~100的质量比混合得到改良菌液;其中,土壤改良菌剂包括细菌、真菌、放线菌;按有效活菌数的重量份数计,细菌包括解淀粉芽孢杆菌10~15份、地衣芽孢杆菌10~15份、乳酸杆菌10~15份、胶质芽孢杆菌10~15份、无色杆菌5~10份,所述无色杆菌为无色杆菌(Achromobacter sp .) WX1501,保藏日期为2017年6月28日,保藏编号为 CCTCC No:M2017392;真菌包括酵母菌5~10份、寡雄腐霉菌5~10份;放线菌包括淡紫褐链霉菌5~10份;
S3:喷洒改良菌液:将步骤S2得到的改良菌液浇于土壤表面,并用旋耕机进行深翻,使土壤改良菌剂与土壤充分搅拌;
S4:起垄定值:定植草莓苗前,用改良菌液浸润草莓苗根部,改良菌液由土壤改良菌剂:水=1:50~100的质量比混合得到。
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