CN114589550B - Processing method of U-shaped notch of sample for Charpy impact test - Google Patents
Processing method of U-shaped notch of sample for Charpy impact test Download PDFInfo
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- CN114589550B CN114589550B CN202210196730.8A CN202210196730A CN114589550B CN 114589550 B CN114589550 B CN 114589550B CN 202210196730 A CN202210196730 A CN 202210196730A CN 114589550 B CN114589550 B CN 114589550B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
- B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
- B24B53/12—Dressing tools; Holders therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing a U-shaped notch of a sample for a Charpy impact test, which is implemented according to the following steps: step 1, respectively processing a plurality of Y-axis baffles and X-axis baffles; step 2, machining a concave table at the edge position of the surface grinder workbench in the X-axis direction, placing an X-axis baffle into the concave table, and tightly and vertically attaching a Y-axis baffle to the X-axis baffle to realize rapid alignment of a X, Y axis of a sample; and step 3, adding a grating ruler on a surface grinder workbench, and processing a U-shaped notch on the sample. The invention solves the problems of low processing precision and great influence of human factors on the quality of the processed Charpy U-shaped notch in the impact test in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material processing, and particularly relates to a processing method of a U-shaped notch of a sample for Charpy impact test.
Background
The impact test is an experiment for measuring the toughness of a metal material, and the impact test principle is that a sample with a notch with a certain shape and size is prepared, and is broken along the notch on a tester, and the toughness of the material is measured according to the absorption power value. The impact sample is square or cylindrical, the outer surface is easy to process, the size and tolerance of the notch are small, the size inspection is carried out by using an imager, when the notch is processed, the change of the notch size can directly influence the test result, if the notch is processed to be sharp or deeper, the normal stress and the shearing stress at the bottom of the notch can be increased, the sample is easy to brittle fracture, and therefore, the processing difficulty of the notch is large.
The shape of a common sample notch in the impact test is U-shaped, the maximum depth and width size of the notch is only 2mm, the straight line of the bottom of the notch is vertical to the axis of the sample, the root R is usually R1mm, the surface quality requirement is high, and the roughness is between Ra0.25 and Ra0.8. At present, the machining mode with higher efficiency is to adopt the grinding machine to process the U-shaped breach of Charpy, with repairing the grit with the emery wheel coping of 7mm thickness to about 2mm, again with the help of R rule coping emery wheel maximum excircle department, test processing with manual saw blade after the qualified by the eye, fine setting according to the testing result of projecting apparatus, because of the R1 size is less, this machining mode receives the human factor influence great, different operators 'feel inconsistent, sample breach department size is unable to repair once the shaping, and operator's hand is too near to the emery wheel, there is great potential safety hazard.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a processing method of a sample U-shaped notch for a Charpy impact test, which solves the problems that the processing precision of the test for processing the Charpy U-shaped notch in the prior art is not high, and the quality is greatly influenced by human factors.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the processing method of the U-shaped notch of the sample for the Charpy impact test is implemented according to the following steps:
and step 3, adding a grating ruler on a surface grinder workbench, and processing a U-shaped notch on the sample.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in the processing of the step 1, the left and right feeding direction of the grinding wheel is an X axis, and the front and back feeding direction of the grinding wheel is a Y axis; the Y-axis baffle and the X-axis baffle are cut by a medium-speed wire and ground, so that the included angle of the adjacent surfaces is 90+/-0.5 degrees.
The specific steps of the step 2 are as follows: and finishing a grinding wheel, grinding the edge of one side of a surface grinding machine workbench, which is close to a hand wheel, into a concave table with the width of 25mm, the depth of 2mm and the length of 300mm, putting an X-axis baffle plate into the concave table and flatly attaching the X-axis baffle plate to the side of 2mm, flatly attaching a Y-axis baffle plate to the vertical direction of the X-axis baffle plate to form a right angle, and flatly attaching the Y-axis baffle plate to the axial direction of a sample.
The specific process of the step 3 is as follows:
step 3.1, a Y, Z-axis grating ruler is additionally arranged on a surface grinding machine workbench, and an X-axis is not required to be additionally arranged; placing a sample into a right angle formed by the Y-axis baffle and the X-axis baffle, fixing the periphery of the sample by using other baffles, and controlling the notch position;
step 3.2, controlling machining allowance;
and 3.3, controlling the size of the notch R and the depth of the notch.
The specific process of notch position control is as follows: the thickness of the grinding wheel is trimmed to 2mm by using sand trimming stone, the grinding wheel is close to the outer edge of a workbench of a surface grinding machine, the grinding wheel is tightly attached to the end face of a sample, the grating ruler is zeroed, the processing is started after the digital display value of the grating ruler is moved to 28.5mm, the size at the moment comprises half of the thickness of the grinding wheel, namely 1mm, and the position size of the sample is ensured to be 27.5mm.
The specific process of the machining allowance control comprises the following steps: after finishing machining the position 27.5mm away from the end face of the grinding wheel, reserving a machining allowance of a notch depth of 0.5mm, namely, enabling the thickness of the root of the notch to be 8.5mm, resetting the Y-axis grating ruler to zero at the moment, placing the sand repairing device on the right side of a workbench of a surface grinding machine, ensuring that the sand repairing device avoids obstacles such as a sample, a baffle and the like when in use, and enabling the side face of the sand repairing device to be flatly attached to an X-axis baffle; and (3) moving the grinding wheel to the sand repairing device to be aligned with the X-axis baffle plate in a pasting mode, ensuring that the rotation angle of the diamond pen of the sand repairing device is perpendicular to the grinding wheel through a magnifying glass provided by the sand repairing device, observing touch points on two sides of the diamond pen and the grinding wheel, and ensuring that the tip of the sand repairing device grinds a notch R after the center of the grinding wheel.
Step 3.3, the concrete process is as follows: combining the digital display value of the Y-axis grating ruler, moving the grinding wheel 3 to the original point until the display value of the grating ruler is 0, moving the grinding wheel to a zero position, returning to the notch position, finely grinding the notch depth and R, and stopping processing until the Y-axis baffle plate has tiny sparks; and (5) grinding the notch to the depth of 8 to finish the processing.
In the step 1, the lengths of the Y-axis baffle plate and the X-axis baffle plate are 60-100 mm, the thicknesses are 8+/-0.03 mm, the widths are 25-40 mm, and the surface roughness Ra is not more than 0.8 mu m.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the processing method of the U-shaped notch of the sample for the Charpy impact test ensures the processing efficiency and accuracy of the notch processing position, verticality, depth and root R, and is low in processing cost by adopting a common surface grinding machine, reduces the influence of human factors by means of manufacturing a tool, replacing processing equipment and improving the equipment capacity, and ensures the notch processing quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a notch position control diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the process margin of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a diamond pen rotating structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of post-dressing refining of the present invention;
FIG. 5 (a) is a graph showing the notch effect of using a manual coping grinding wheel in the example;
fig. 5 (b) is a drawing showing the working effect of the grinding wheel according to the present invention in the example.
In the figure, 1. Sample, 2. U-shaped notch, 3. Grinding wheel, 4. Diamond pen.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The invention discloses a method for processing a U-shaped notch of a sample for Charpy impact test, which is implemented according to the following steps:
in the processing of the step 1, the left and right feeding direction of the grinding wheel 3 is an X axis, and the front and back feeding direction of the grinding wheel 3 is a Y axis; the Y-axis baffle and the X-axis baffle are cut by a medium-speed wire and ground, the included angle between the adjacent surfaces is 90+/-0.5 degrees, the lengths of the Y-axis baffle and the X-axis baffle are 60-100 mm, the thicknesses of the Y-axis baffle and the X-axis baffle are 8+/-0.03 mm, the widths of the Y-axis baffle and the X-axis baffle are 25-40 mm, and the surface roughness Ra is not more than 0.8 mu m.
the specific steps of the step 2 are as follows: and finishing the grinding wheel 3, grinding the edge of one side of the surface grinding machine workbench, which is close to the hand wheel, into a concave table with the width of 25mm, the depth of 2mm and the length of 300mm, putting the X-axis baffle into the concave table and flatly attaching the X-axis baffle to the side of 2mm, flatly attaching the Y-axis baffle to the vertical direction of the X-axis baffle to form a right angle, and flatly attaching the Y-axis baffle to the axial direction of the sample 1.
step 3.1, a Y, Z-axis grating ruler is additionally arranged on a surface grinding machine workbench, and an X-axis is not required to be additionally arranged; placing the sample 1 into a right angle formed by the Y-axis baffle and the X-axis baffle, fixing the periphery of the sample 1 by other baffles, and controlling the notch position;
the specific process of notch position control is as follows: the thickness of the grinding wheel 3 is trimmed to 2mm by sand trimming, the grinding wheel 3 is close to the outer edge of a workbench of a surface grinding machine, the grinding wheel 3 is tightly attached to the end face of the sample 1, the grating ruler is zeroed, the processing is started after the grinding wheel 3 is moved to 28.5mm according to the digital display value of the grating ruler, the size at the moment comprises half of the thickness of the grinding wheel 3, namely 1mm, and the position size of the sample is ensured to be 27.5mm.
The grating ruler is added for control, so that errors caused by scribing are effectively reduced, the moving distance of the grinding wheel spindle is tracked in real time, the notch depth is controlled, and the problem of resetting after the grinding wheel moves is solved; as shown in fig. 1, the grinding wheel 3 returns to zero when touching the end face of the sample 1, and moves 28.5mm to the center.
Step 3.2, machining allowance control
The specific process of the machining allowance control comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 2, after finishing processing at a position 27.5mm away from the end face, the grinding wheel 3 reserves a gap depth processing allowance of 0.5mm, namely the thickness of the root of the gap is 8.5mm, at the moment, the Y-axis grating ruler returns to zero, and the sand repairing device is placed on the right side of the surface grinding machine workbench to ensure that the sand repairing device avoids obstacles such as a sample, a baffle and the like when in use, and the side face is flatly attached to the X-axis baffle; the grinding wheel 3 is moved to a sand repairing device to be flatly aligned with an X-axis baffle, the rotation angle of a diamond pen 4 of the sand repairing device is ensured to be perpendicular to the grinding wheel 3 through a magnifying glass carried by the sand repairing device, as shown in fig. 3, touch points on two sides of the diamond pen 4 and the grinding wheel 3 are observed, and the tip part of the sand repairing device is ensured to be polished R after being positioned in the center of the grinding wheel;
step 3.3, controlling the size of the notch R and the depth of the notch
Step 3.3, the concrete process is as follows: combining the digital display value of the Y-axis grating ruler, moving the grinding wheel 3 to the original point until the display value of the grating ruler is 0, moving the grinding wheel to a zero position, returning to the notch position, finely grinding the notch depth and R, and stopping processing until the Y-axis baffle plate has tiny sparks; and (5) grinding the notch to the depth of 8 to finish the processing.
The sand repairing device is matched with the grating ruler to ensure that the grinding wheel accurately returns to the zero position after repairing R, otherwise, the positions of the rough grinding R and the accurate grinding R cannot be completely matched, the root of the R after accurate grinding is easy to generate steps, and meanwhile, the gap width is out of tolerance.
Examples
The different processing modes of the Charpy U-shaped notch are compared, the conventional equipment for processing the U-shaped impact adopts a common surface grinder, the sample size is 27.5mm, the sample size is compared with the corresponding position after marking, grinding is completed, the hand-repair notch is as shown in fig. 5 (a), the marking size is not accurate enough, the width is poor, the R shape is irregular, the hand-repair grinding wheel R is unstable in size and has larger potential safety hazard, the working table of the surface grinder can be positioned only at the most edge, but burrs are often present at the edge, and larger positioning errors exist when the square is utilized for positioning, so that the axis of the sample is difficult to ensure to be perpendicular to the running direction of the grinding wheel and the sand repairing device.
The concave table of the X-axis direction is processed on the implementation workbench, a X, Y-axis baffle is made by self, the X-axis baffle is tightly attached to the concave table, the short side of the Y-axis baffle is tightly attached to the long side of the X-axis baffle, a standard 90-degree right angle is formed, a sample is placed in the right angle, quick alignment of the sample can be achieved, and the key dimension of 90+/-2 degrees is guaranteed. The grating ruler is added, the movement of the grinding wheel in the Y, Z direction is monitored in real time, the Y axis can move freely before grinding the grinding wheel, the Y axis is reset easily, the Y axis is completely matched with the Y axis before and after rough grinding, and no step appears, as shown in fig. 5 (b). The Z-axis grating ruler can control the dimensional change of the sample in the thickness direction, solves the problems of 27.5 critical dimensions, 0.5mm machining allowance and 8+/-0.09 mm notch depth, and is shown in figure 4. The sand repairing device with the magnifier is used for repairing and grinding R, the edge of the sand repairing device is tightly attached to the X-axis baffle plate, the X-axis is rapidly aligned, and the U-shaped notch R with standard size and regular shape can be repaired.
The invention discloses a method for processing a U-shaped notch of a sample for a Charpy impact test, which is mainly used for solving the problems that in the conventional U-shaped notch common processing mode, the size, shape or surface state of the notch is influenced by human factors, so that the test result is unreal, the period of purchasing high-precision equipment is overlong, the cost is high, and standard sample processing requirements can be completed on common equipment by manufacturing a tool and adding a grating ruler. The invention not only improves the working efficiency of notch processing, but also avoids notch grinding and tool setting errors caused by human factors, has high processing and forming precision of U-shaped notch punching, can be widely popularized and applied, reduces the influence of sample processing human factors on the impact test process, and saves raw materials and cost.
Claims (2)
1. The method for processing the U-shaped notch of the sample for the Charpy impact test is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, respectively processing a plurality of Y-axis baffles and X-axis baffles;
step 2, machining a concave table at the edge position of the surface grinder workbench in the X-axis direction, placing an X-axis baffle into the concave table, and tightly and vertically attaching a Y-axis baffle to the X-axis baffle to realize rapid alignment of the X, Y axis of the sample (1);
step 3, adding a grating ruler on a surface grinder workbench, and processing a U-shaped notch (2) on the sample (1);
during the processing of the step 1, the left and right feeding direction of the grinding wheel (3) is an X axis, and the front and back feeding direction of the grinding wheel (3) is a Y axis; the Y-axis baffle and the X-axis baffle are cut by a medium-speed wire and ground, so that the included angle of the adjacent surfaces is 90+/-0.5 degrees;
the specific steps of the step 2 are as follows: finishing a grinding wheel (3), grinding the edge of one side of a surface grinding machine workbench, which is close to a hand wheel, into a concave table with the width of 25mm, the depth of 2mm and the length of 300mm, putting an X-axis baffle plate into the concave table and flatly attaching the X-axis baffle plate to the side of 2mm, flatly attaching a Y-axis baffle plate to the vertical direction of the X-axis baffle plate to form a right angle, and flatly attaching the Y-axis baffle plate to the axial direction of a sample (1);
the specific process of the step 3 is as follows:
step 3.1, a Y, Z-axis grating ruler is additionally arranged on a surface grinding machine workbench, and an X-axis is not required to be additionally arranged; placing the sample (1) into a right angle formed by the Y-axis baffle and the X-axis baffle, fixing the periphery of the sample (1) by other baffles, and controlling the notch position;
step 3.2, controlling machining allowance;
step 3.3, controlling the size of the notch R and the depth of the notch;
the specific process of the machining allowance control comprises the following steps: after the grinding wheel (3) is machined at a position 27.5mm away from the end face, reserving a machining allowance of a notch depth of 0.5mm, namely, the thickness of the root of the notch is 8.5mm, resetting a Y-axis grating ruler to zero at the moment, placing a sand repairing device on the right side of a surface grinding machine workbench, ensuring that the sand repairing device avoids obstacles such as a sample, a baffle and the like when in use, and flatly attaching the side face of the sand repairing device to an X-axis baffle; the grinding wheel (3) is moved to a sand repairing device to be flatly attached to an X-axis baffle for alignment, the rotation angle of a diamond pen (4) of the sand repairing device is ensured to be perpendicular to a grinding wheel through a magnifying glass carried by the sand repairing device, touch points on two sides of the diamond pen (4) and the grinding wheel (3) are observed, and the tip part of the sand repairing device is ensured to be polished R after being positioned in the center of the grinding wheel;
the specific process of the step 3.3 is as follows: combining the digital display value of the Y-axis grating ruler, moving the grinding wheel (3) to the original point until the display value of the grating ruler is 0, moving the grinding wheel to a zero position, returning to the notch position, finely grinding the notch depth and R, and stopping processing until the Y-axis baffle plate has tiny sparks; grinding the notch to the depth of 8 to finish machining;
in the step 1, the lengths of the Y-axis baffle and the X-axis baffle are 60-100 mm, the thicknesses are 8+/-0.03 mm, the widths are 25-40 mm, and the surface roughness Ra is not more than 0.8 mu m.
2. The method for processing the U-shaped notch for the sample of the Charpy impact test according to claim 1, wherein the specific notch position control process is as follows: the thickness of the grinding wheel (3) is trimmed to 2mm by sand trimming, the grinding wheel (3) is close to the outer edge of a working table of a surface grinding machine, the grinding wheel (3) is tightly attached to the end face of the sample (1), the grating ruler is zeroed, the processing is started after the grating ruler is moved to 28.5mm according to the digital display value of the grating ruler, the size at the moment comprises half of the thickness of the grinding wheel (3), namely 1mm, and the position size of the sample is guaranteed to be 27.5mm.
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| CN213796374U (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-07-27 | 苏州川普光电有限公司 | Processing platform with auxiliary product positioning detection device |
| CN113172449B (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2022-08-19 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Rapid positioning device for machining plate-shaped fatigue sample numerical control machine tool and using method thereof |
| CN215748587U (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2022-02-08 | 中航飞机起落架有限责任公司 | Special clamp for processing notch of impact sample |
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| US5140778A (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1992-08-25 | Louis Carruth | Support and stop for hand held sander to control depth and angle of cut |
| CN201807952U (en) * | 2010-09-25 | 2011-04-27 | 山东潍坊福田模具有限责任公司 | Special clamp for grinding narrow and high workpiece |
| CN105729156A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-07-06 | 安徽白鹰精密车床有限公司 | Machine tool column boring and milling plane clamp |
| CN107617978A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-01-23 | 长沙理工大学 | It is a kind of can positive rake angle processing ordered arrangement fiber tool in-situ conditioning method |
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