CN114588901A - 一种用于船舶去除NOx的NO氧化催化剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于船舶去除NOx的NO氧化催化剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
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- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DKNJHLHLMWHWOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L ruthenium(2+);sulfate Chemical compound [Ru+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DKNJHLHLMWHWOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- GTCKPGDAPXUISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ru+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GTCKPGDAPXUISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910006587 β-Al2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 5
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 229910003158 γ-Al2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种用于船舶去除NOx的NO氧化催化剂及制备方法,属于SCR催化领域。制备方法:首先通过化学计量称取原料,添加原料过程中加Al的前驱物和碱溶液的顺序,溶解、水浴加热搅拌后,烘干,后经550‑800℃焙烧得到目标催化剂的载体;再将Ru的前驱物溶解去离子水中,浸渍法加入制备好的载体样品,溶解,水浴加热搅拌后,烘箱烘干,后经350‑600℃焙烧得到目标催化剂。所得催化剂具有较好的高温活性和一定的抗硫抗水性能,能够满足船舶烟气快速SCR的去除NOx的工业应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种去除船舶烟气NOx的NO氧化催化剂及制备方法,属于快速SCR催化剂技术制备领域。
背景技术
随着经济的发展,河海运输由于其强大的运载能力和低廉的营运成本,使得船舶数目日渐庞大,柴油机作为船舶的动力系统,其产生的氮氧化物是造成空气污染的重要源头之一,氮氧化物是涉及环境危害最多的危险物,其能造成光化学烟雾、酸雨、臭氧层破坏和温室效应等,对自然环境和人体健康都产生危害,因此目前对于氮氧化物的治理刻不容缓。
由于船舶本身空间有限,传统SCR占地面积大,不适于船舶实际应用。快速SCR,由于其在NO与NO2比例接近1:1时,其反应速率是传统SCR的十倍,因此快速SCR能够在高空速下保持较高的氮氧化物去除效率,能够满足排放要求,并且节省了占地空间,更适于船舶NOx的去除。四冲程的柴油机的排烟温度可高于400℃,船舶柴油机烟气排放温度规定最高不可超过550℃。SO2和H2O是船舶排出气体的重要组成部分。故本文研究较高温度焙烧下不同载体的钌基催化剂的活性及抗硫抗水性能,所以,在二氧化硫和水同时存在的条件下,保证催化剂氧化活性仍能满足快速SCR的条件是目前的一大难题。只有克服这一困难,才能在工业上广泛应用。
目前NO氧化催化剂的探究的反应温度为350℃以内,本发明研究的优势是一种钌铝铈锆催化剂,其探究的反应温度为140-450℃,具有较好的高温活性和一定的抗硫抗水性能,能够满足船舶烟气快速SCR的去除NOx的工业应用。
发明内容
本发明为改善传统SCR催化剂质量大、占地面积大等问题,提供了用于去除船舶NOx的快速SCR法中NO氧化的钌铝铈锆催化剂及其制备方法。
对于该钌铝铈锆催化剂的制备方法,主要包括以下步骤:
(1)首先称取Ce的前驱体、Zr的前驱体,在去离子水中混合溶解,得到混合盐溶液,再加入Al的前驱体和碱,混合过程可以使用水浴加热搅拌等手段,其中Ce:Zr的摩尔比为1-3:1-2,Al:Ce质量比为1-2:0.3-0.6,加碱调pH值为9-13,搅拌转速为150-350r/min,搅拌时间为:2-4小时,加热温度为60-100℃;
(2)将搅拌至粘稠状的样品置于抽滤装置加入去离子水进行洗涤,得到pH为中性的样品。将中性的混合物置于烘箱干燥,马弗炉中焙烧。其中烘箱温度100-120℃,焙烧温度在550-800℃,焙烧时间为:3-5小时,研磨,即可得到目标催化剂载体样品;
(3)称取一定量的Ru的前驱物,将其在去了离子水中溶解,再加入步骤2得到的载体粉末,得到混合溶液,混合过程可于水浴加热搅拌进行;其中Ru的含量为0.3%-2.5%加热温度为50-90℃,搅拌转速为120-250r/min,搅拌时间3-5小时;
(4)将搅拌后的样品置于烘箱干燥,马弗炉中焙烧,其中烘箱温度100-110℃,焙烧温度为:350-600℃,焙烧时间2-5小时,即可得到目标催化剂样品。
所述一种用于去除船舶NOx的NO氧化催化剂及其制备方法,其特征在于:首先通过化学计量称取原料,添加原料过程中加Al的前驱物和碱溶液的顺序,溶解、水浴加热搅拌后,烘干,后经550-800℃焙烧得到目标催化剂的载体;再将Ru的前驱物溶解去离子水中,浸渍法加入制备好的载体样品,溶解,水浴加热搅拌后,烘箱烘干,后经350-600℃焙烧得到目标催化剂。
所述的Ce的前驱物为含Ce盐类、氧化铈中的一种或几种,含Ce盐类选自硫酸铈、氯化铈、硝酸铈等;
所述的Zr的前驱物为含Zr的盐类、氧化锆的一种或几种,含Zr的盐类选自氯化锆、硝酸锆、硫酸锆等;
所述含Al的前驱物是含Al的盐类或者氧化铝中的一种或几种,含Al的盐类选自硝酸铝、氯化铝等,氧化铝可以是γ-Al2O3、α-Al2O3、β-Al2O3;
所述含Ru的前驱物为含Ru的盐类或者氧化钌的一种或几种,含Ru的盐类选自硝酸钌、氯化钌、硫酸钌等;
采用的碱可以是氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠、氨水的一种或几种。
本发明具有如下优点:
1.本发明制备的钌铝铈锆催化剂可满足快速SCR的反应要求,实现高空速下仍能满足NOx的排放要求,占地面积小,能够解决船舶SCR系统布设空间不足的问题。
2.本发明制备的催化剂有一定的抗硫抗水效果,在SO2和H2O存在的条件下,仍能满足快速SCR的要求。
3.本发明制备的催化剂具有较好的高温活性,在高温气氛下仍能达到快速SCR的反应要求,在船舶烟气NOx的治理有一定的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例1和实施例2中所制得的催化剂在160-420℃的NO氧化效率图。
图2为实施例1和实施例2中所制得的催化剂在200ppm SO2和5%H2O存在的条件下的NO氧化效率图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明予以说明,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
实施例1:
准确称取质量为12.6g的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O粉末和8.1g的Zr(NO3)4·5H2O粉末,溶于一定量的去离子水中,混合均匀。将上述溶液置于超声装置中搅拌,70℃水浴加热直至透明状态,再加入1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液至pH值为12-13,得到沉淀粘稠物继续搅拌2h,后加入7.5g的γ-Al2O3粉末,继续搅拌2h,得到的粘稠物质置于陶瓷抽滤装置洗涤至中性。将所得中性物质烘箱烘干,马弗炉600℃焙烧3h,研磨至粉末,得到目标催化剂载体粉末。将29.2ml的RuCl3·6H2O(4g/L)溶液,溶于一定量的去离子水中,再将制备好的载体粉末加入,在超声装置中搅拌混合,70℃的水浴加热,搅拌3h,将其移至烘箱干燥,550℃温度马弗炉焙烧3h,研磨至20-40目,得到1#催化剂。
实施例2
准确称取质量为12.6g的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O粉末、8.1g的Zr(NO3)4·5H2O粉末和7.5g的γ-Al2O3粉末,,溶于一定量的去离子水中,混合均匀。将上述溶液置于超声装置中搅拌,70℃水浴加热,再加入1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值为12-13,得到沉淀粘稠物继续搅拌2h,将得到的粘稠物质置于陶瓷抽滤装置洗涤至中性。将所得中性物质烘箱烘干,马弗炉600℃焙烧3h,研磨至粉末,得到目标催化剂载体粉末。将29.2ml的RuCl3·6H2O(4g/L)溶液,溶于一定量的去离子水中,再将制备好的载体粉末加入,在超声装置中搅拌混合,70℃的水浴加热,搅拌3h,将其移至烘箱干燥,550℃温度马弗炉焙烧3h,研磨至20-40目,得到2#催化剂。
测试例1:
对实施例1的1#催化剂、实施例2的2#催化剂分别置于直径18mm的石英反应管中,在160-420℃范围内进行NO氧化活性测试,原料气组成:O2(5%),NO(700ppm),N2为平衡气,空速为27000h-1。NO氧化效率图结果如图1所示。可以看出在360-420℃范围内催化剂的NO氧化效率仍能具有较好的氧化活性,实施例1中催化剂活性大于50%,实施例2的催化剂氧化活性大于40%。
测试例2:
对实施例1的1#催化剂、实施例2的2#催化剂分别置于直径18mm的石英反应管中,在最高氧化效率对应的温度340℃时保持1h,再进行通硫通水2h,后停止通硫通水1.5h,对此过程进行NO氧化活性测试。原料气组成:O2(5%),NO(700ppm),SO2(200ppm),H2O(5%),N2为平衡气,空速为27000h-1。NO氧化效率图结果如图2所示。可以看出实施例1中催化剂在停止通硫通水后活性能恢复到50%,可以满足快速SCR的要求,为船舶烟气去除NOx提供了一种方法。
Claims (8)
1.一种去除NOx的NO氧化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)首先称取Ce的前驱体、Zr的前驱体,在去离子水中混合溶解,得到混合盐溶液,再加入Al的前驱体和碱,混合过程可以使用水浴加热搅拌等手段,其中Ce:Zr的摩尔比为1-3:1-2,Al:Ce质量比为1-2:0.3-0.6,加碱调pH值为9-13,搅拌转速为150-350r/min,搅拌时间为:2-4小时,加热温度为60-100℃;
(2)将搅拌至粘稠状的样品置于抽滤装置加入去离子水进行洗涤,得到pH为中性的样品。将中性的混合物置于烘箱干燥,马弗炉中焙烧。其中烘箱温度100-120℃,焙烧温度在550-800℃,焙烧时间为:3-5小时,研磨,即可得到目标催化剂载体样品;
(3)称取一定量的Ru的前驱物,将其在去了离子水中溶解,再加入步骤2得到的载体粉末,得到混合溶液,混合过程可于水浴加热搅拌进行;其中Ru的含量为0.3%-2.5%加热温度为50-90℃,搅拌转速为120-250r/min,搅拌时间3-5小时;
(4)将搅拌后的样品置于烘箱干燥,马弗炉中焙烧,其中烘箱温度100-110℃,焙烧温度为:350-600℃,焙烧时间2-5小时,即可得到目标催化剂样品。
2.按照权利要求1所述的一种去除NOx的NO氧化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的Ce的前驱物为含Ce盐类、氧化铈中的一种或几种,含Ce盐类选自硫酸铈、氯化铈、硝酸铈。
3.按照权利要求1所述的一种去除NOx的NO氧化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的Zr的前驱物为含Zr的盐类、氧化锆的一种或几种,含Zr的盐类选自氯化锆、硝酸锆、硫酸锆。
4.按照权利要求1所述的一种去除NOx的NO氧化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含Al的前驱物是含Al的盐类或者氧化铝中的一种或几种,含Al的盐类选自硝酸铝、氯化铝等,氧化铝可以是γ-Al2O3、α-Al2O3、β-Al2O3。
5.按照权利要求1所述的一种去除NOx的NO氧化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含Ru的前驱物为含Ru的盐类或者氧化钌的一种或几种,含Ru的盐类选自硝酸钌、氯化钌、硫酸钌。
6.按照权利要求1所述的一种去除NOx的NO氧化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,采用的碱可以是氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠、氨水的一种或几种。
7.按照权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法制备得到的一种去除NOx的NO氧化催化剂。
8.按照权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法制备得到的一种去除NOx的NO氧化催化剂的应用,用于船舶烟气NOx的治理。
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