CN114573391A - Sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
- C05C5/04—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing calcium nitrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Abstract
The invention discloses a sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts and a preparation method thereof, wherein the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-45 parts of softened water, 10-50 parts of sugar alcohol, 25-70 parts of calcium fertilizer, 1-5 parts of auxiliary agent, 0.2-0.5 part of surfactant, 0.01-1 part of nutrition enhancer and 0.1-0.5 part of preservative. Weighing the raw materials in parts by weight for later use; adding softened water and sugar alcohol into a reaction kettle, keeping the temperature of 60-70 ℃ and continuously stirring until the solution is uniform and clear; and keeping the temperature, sequentially adding the calcium fertilizer and the auxiliary agent into the clarified solution, continuously stirring, adding the surfactant after the liquid is clarified, chelating for 30-60 minutes at the stirring speed of 150-. The fertilizer has the advantages of simple preparation method, low cost and simple production process, improves the photosynthesis and carbon-nitrogen metabolism capability of the peanuts in the key growth period, can obviously improve the pod traits of the peanuts, and finally promotes the yield increase of the peanuts by 10-30%.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts and a preparation method thereof.
Technical background:
with the improvement of economic level of China, the structure of edible oil is undergoing adjustment, for example, in the period of 2016-2019, the demand of peanut oil in China is increased by 20.5%, the soybean oil is increased by 4.8%, which is far lower than the increase range of peanut oil, and the import of oil crops in the same period is increased by 72.2%. Therefore, the method improves the yield and the quality of the peanuts by technical means, and is an effective way for solving the contradiction between supply and demand of the vegetable oil and ensuring the safety of edible oil in China.
Calcium is one of the medium elements necessary for plant growth, is an element which acts only in an apoplast except boron, can be combined with calmodulin to regulate a metabolic process, and has the functions of maintaining cell walls, cell membranes and membrane proteins stably and the like. As a typical calcium-loving crop, the demand of peanuts for calcium is higher than that of phosphorus, the calcium is the third major nutrient element, and the calcium absorbed by every 100kg of pods is as high as 2.0-2.5 kg. The peanuts are extremely sensitive to the calcium, the calcium deficiency can influence the whole process of growth and development, morphogenesis and substance production of the peanuts, the activity of the peanut root systems is reduced, the chlorophyll content and the photosynthetic rate are reduced, the transportation of carbohydrates is influenced, the activities of peroxidase and catalase are reduced, peroxidation is generated, the permeability of plasma membranes is increased, the plant senescence is accelerated, and finally, the peanut shells are empty, the yield is reduced and the like. The research has proved that the calcium application can improve the plumpness and the kernel-out rate of the peanut, the pod is plump, and simultaneously can improve the content of the crude fat and the crude protein of the kernel, improve the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid in fatty acid, increase the content of the restrictive amino acid lysine and methionine, etc. Therefore, the calcium has irreplaceable effect on maintaining the normal growth process of the peanuts, ensuring the high quality and the high yield of the peanuts and the like.
Although the content of the calcium is higher in some soils, the calcium is easy to fix, and the absorption of the calcium by root systems and pods is directly influenced. In addition, the peanut cultivation process is mostly carried out with one-time basal application, and generally, extra-root topdressing is not carried out, so that the root breaking phenomenon in the topdressing process is prevented. However, even if the dispersion is applied to the soil surface, the dispersion is lost due to volatilization, rainwater runoff, and the like, and the absorption efficiency of the calcitonin is affected. Because the wax layer of the peanut leaf is thin, the nutrient utilization efficiency of the leaf surface spraying is high, the absorption and the transportation are fast, and the assimilation in the plant body can be rapidly realized. Meanwhile, the nutrient demand of the peanuts in the flowering and fruiting periods is large, the nutrients are difficult to release effectively and quickly by basal application, and the nutrient demand of the peanuts in the key growth period can be met quickly by taking foliar spraying as effective supplement of root application. Therefore, the yield and input ratio of the foliar spraying is high, and the yield and income increase of farmers can be better realized.
In the prior art, researches on preparation of a special peanut fertilizer have been carried out, and a Chinese patent CN 109809891A discloses a special peanut foliar fertilizer, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of plain sand soil, 20-30 parts of manure soil, 10-15 parts of Hu Fang powder, 5-10 parts of fermented pigeon manure, 5-10 parts of leaf mold, 1-2 parts of octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 1-2 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.3-0.6 part of tannic acid powder, 0.5-1 part of boric acid, 0.5-1 part of amino acid, 0.2-0.5 part of potassium sulfate, 1-2 parts of chelating agent and 0.5-1 part of amino acid fermenting agent. But the raw materials are complex, potential pollution of heavy metals, antibiotics and the like may exist in the raw materials such as pigeon manure and the like, and in addition, although a chelating agent is added into the special fertilizer, the actual chelating rate is unknown, and the nutrient content in the fertilizer is unclear. Chinese patent CN 105418230A discloses an improved special foliar fertilizer for peanut cold resistance, which can improve the suspension property, the viscosity retention property, the moisture retention property and the lubricity of a compound fertilizer, promote the rooting of plants, provide various nutrient elements and mineral substances required by the growth of peanuts in a synergistic manner, and integrally improve the cold resistance of the peanuts. But the production process needs the steps of crushing, adding water and stirring, pressing, roasting at high temperature and then crushing, and the like, the production process is complicated and takes longer time, and the obtained product is in a particle suspension state, so that nutrients are difficult to release. Chinese patent CN 102976811A discloses a special foliar fertilizer for cold resistance of peanuts, which is prepared according to the following proportion: 0.2kg of calcium nitrate, 0.4-0.6kg of common white sugar, 0.15-0.3kg of glucose and 100kg of distilled water, and the raw materials are uniformly mixed to form the foliar fertilizer spray liquid. However, the calcium nutrient element in the fertilizer is still in an inorganic state, the nutrient content of the calcium is low, and the dosage required by spraying is large.
The sugar alcohol is a nutrient substance endogenously produced by plants, can be used as a photosynthetic product to participate in cell metabolism, and can also be used as a carrier to promote the migration of nutrient elements in plants. In addition, the sugar alcohol can improve the stress resistance of the plant by maintaining the osmotic pressure of the cells, eliminating active oxygen, regulating the activity of key enzyme and the like, and the signal transduction function can also change the metabolic process of the cells and indirectly regulate and control the physiological metabolism of the plant, thereby influencing the growth and development of the plant. Therefore, the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts, which is simple in process flow, clear in chelating rate and high in absorption efficiency, is researched, and has important practical significance for promoting the yield and quality of peanuts.
The invention content is as follows:
the sugar alcohol calcium fertilizer special for peanuts is used for relieving the symptom of calcium nutrient deficiency in the growth process of the peanuts, strengthening plant nutrition, solving the problems of complex production process of the traditional chemical fertilizer, low production cost, time-saving, labor-saving and quick response when being sprayed on leaf surfaces.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts. The feed is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-45 parts of softened water, 10-50 parts of sugar alcohol, 25-70 parts of calcium fertilizer, 1-5 parts of auxiliary agent, 0.2-0.5 part of surfactant, 0.01-1 part of nutrition enhancer and 0.1-0.5 part of preservative.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the sugar alcohol comprises one or more of mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, and erythritol.
The calcium fertilizer comprises one or more of calcium chloride, calcium nitrate and calcium acetate.
The auxiliary agent comprises one or more of glycerol, ethylene glycol and EDTA-2Na, and is used for maintaining the stability of the sugar alcohol chelated calcium.
The surfactant comprises one or more of Tween 80, dodecyl betaine and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, is used for improving the wettability of the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer, reducing the surface tension, and is easier to attach to blades after being sprayed.
The nutrition enhancer comprises one or more of inositol, brassin and chlormequat chloride. The common nutrient of the peanuts and the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer are used together, so that the labor and the force are saved.
Because sugar alcohol substances are easy to breed bacteria, a proper amount of preservative is added into the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts, and the preservative comprises one or more of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts, which comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing 20-45 parts of softened water, 10-50 parts of sugar alcohol, 25-70 parts of calcium fertilizer, 1-5 parts of auxiliary agent, 0.2-0.5 part of surfactant, 0.01-1 part of nutrition enhancer and 0.1-0.5 part of preservative according to the parts by weight for later use;
(2) adding the softened water and the sugar alcohol weighed in the step (1) into a reaction kettle, keeping the constant temperature of 60-70 ℃, and continuously stirring until the solution is uniform and clear;
(3) and (3) keeping the temperature in the reaction kettle at 60-70 ℃, sequentially adding the calcium fertilizer and the auxiliary agent into the clarified solution obtained in the step (2), continuously stirring, adding the surfactant after the liquid is clarified, setting the stirring speed at 150-.
And spraying the foliar fertilizer before 10 am or after 4 pm on fine days and when the peanut foliar fertilizer is dry. At the moment, the leaf air holes are large in opening degree and large in fertilizer absorption amount, metabolism of key enzymes can be rapidly induced, and the effects of promoting growth and increasing yield are achieved. The first spraying can be carried out at the initial stage of peanut flowering and needle setting, the dosage is 0.1-1.0kg per mu, the peanut is diluted by 50-500 times (the concentration range of calcium ions is controlled to be 0.4-2.0g/L), the peanut is sprayed once every 7-14 days, the continuous spraying is not suitable for more than 5 times, and the spraying is carried out each time until the spraying on the leaf surfaces and the leaf backs is uniform and no liquid drops are formed. The number of applications may be increased appropriately when the soil or crop exhibits severe calcium deficiency. The day before spraying is sunny, and if the rain is met within 4 hours after spraying, the secondary spraying is needed.
The calcium element of the foliar fertilizer is mainly in a chelated state, the chelating agent sugar alcohol has high bioavailability, can change the chemical form of the calcium, has certain wettability, and reduces the optical contact angle of the foliar fertilizer, thereby enhancing the foliar penetration capability of the calcium fertilizer and improving the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer. Compared with the prior art, the fertilizer has the advantages of simple preparation method, lower cost and simple production process, can promote the absorption of the leaves to the calcium by reasonably spraying the leaves without changing the current production situation of the existing peanuts, improves the photosynthesis and the carbon-nitrogen metabolism capability of the peanuts in the key growth period, promotes the growth of the peanuts, enhances the stress resistance of plants, can obviously improve the pod traits of the peanuts, and finally promotes the yield increase of the peanuts by 10-30%.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing optical contact angles of different solutions on peanut leaf surfaces, wherein a is clear water, b is calcium nitrate, c is sugar alcohol mixed calcium which is not subjected to chelation reaction and only simply dissolves and mixes sugar alcohol and calcium salt, and d is sugar alcohol chelated calcium which is subjected to chelation reaction.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1:
the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of softened water, 45 parts of sugar alcohol, 30 parts of calcium fertilizer, 2 parts of auxiliary agent, 0.2 part of surfactant, 1 part of nutrition enhancer and 0.5 part of preservative. Wherein 45 parts of sugar alcohol comprise 10 parts of mannitol, 30 parts of sorbitol and 5 parts of erythritol, 30 parts of calcium fertilizer comprise 5 parts of calcium chloride and 25 parts of calcium nitrate, 2 parts of auxiliary agent comprise 1 part of glycerol and 1 part of EDTA-2Na, 1 part of nutrition enhancer is 1 part of inositol, 0.2 part of surfactant comprises 800.1 parts of Tween and 0.1 part of dodecyl betaine, and 0.5 part of preservative is 0.5 part of potassium sorbate.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) respectively weighing 25 parts of softened water, 45 parts of sugar alcohol, 30 parts of calcium fertilizer, 2 parts of auxiliary agent, 0.2 part of surfactant, 1 part of nutrition enhancer and 0.5 part of preservative according to parts by weight for later use;
(2) adding the softened water and the sugar alcohol weighed in the step (1) into a reaction kettle, keeping the constant temperature of 60-70 ℃, and continuously stirring until the solution is uniform and clear;
(3) and (3) keeping the temperature in the reaction kettle at 65 ℃, sequentially adding the calcium fertilizer and the auxiliary agent into the clarified solution obtained in the step (2) and continuously stirring, adding the surfactant after the liquid is clarified, setting the stirring speed to be 180 r/min for chelation for 40 min, cooling, adding the nutrition enhancer and the preservative, and continuously stirring until the liquid is clarified to obtain the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts, wherein the chelation rate is determined to be more than or equal to 90%.
The chelating rate of the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer disclosed by the invention is measured by adopting a method shown in Chinese patents CN110015945B, CN109100312B, CN109142450B and CN 106290315B.
The sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts prepared in the embodiment is subjected to fertilizer efficiency test in garden villages behind Qingdao, i.e. inking zones, the peanut variety to be tested is 'flower cultivation 22', the test adopts random block group design, and 3 treatments are set in total: the method comprises the following steps of comparing clear water, inorganic calcium nitrate salt and a sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts (the calcium content is more than or equal to 80g/L), wherein the concentration of calcium is 1.8g/L, the spraying is repeated for 4 times, the spraying time is dry, sunny and calm morning, the spraying is carried out for the first time in the late-flowering mid-term, the spraying is carried out once every 12-14 days, the spraying is carried out for 5 times totally, and the peanut is examined after harvesting.
Table 1: influence of sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts on yield and dry matter content of whole plant
Table 1 shows the influence of the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts on the yield and the dry matter content of the whole plant, and it can be found from the table that after the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts in example 1 is applied, the yield of peanuts is respectively increased by 12.35% and 6.32% compared with the clear water control and the inorganic calcium salt treatment, and the dry matter content of the whole plant is respectively increased by 17.00% and 13.48%. The result shows that the application of the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts can obviously improve the peanut yield and the dry matter content, and the yield increasing effect is remarkable.
Table 2: influence of sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts on pod traits
Table 2 shows the influence of the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts on pod traits, and the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts in the harvest period can obviously improve the pod traits of peanuts, wherein the number of double-kernel fruits, the number of full fruits and the total number of fruits are respectively increased by 28.43%, 35.40% and 9.24% compared with the control, and are respectively increased by 2.02, 2.35 and 3.52 compared with the inorganic calcium salt treatment. After the plumpness rate is measured and calculated, the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts can obviously improve the plumpness rate of peanut pods, which shows that the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts in the embodiment 1 can effectively promote pod development and improve the plumpness of fruits, so that the yield of peanuts is improved.
Table 3: influence of sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts on leaf calcitonin content in flowering needle stage, pod bearing stage and full fruit stage
Table 3 shows the influence of the special chelated calcium fertilizer for peanuts on the calcium content of peanut leaf blades in the flowering phase, the pod bearing phase and the full fruit phase, and analysis on the results shows that the calcium content of the peanut leaves is continuously accumulated along with the promotion of the growth phase, and the calcium content reaches the maximum in the maturation phase. The contents of the leaf calcium salt sprayed with the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts are respectively 18.98%, 27.83% and 28.21% higher than the reference in three periods, and are respectively 9.76%, 10.40% and 15.43% higher than the inorganic calcium salt treatment. The sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts disclosed in the embodiment 1 can effectively supplement calcium, provide nutrients for peanut leaves, relieve the nutrient deficiency phenomenon in the growth period and improve the content of calcium.
Example 2:
the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts, which is disclosed by the embodiment, comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 41 parts of softened water, 12 parts of sugar alcohol, 46 parts of calcium fertilizer, 3 parts of auxiliary agent, 0.5 part of surfactant, 0.05 part of nutrition enhancer and 0.2 part of preservative, wherein the 12 parts of sugar alcohol comprise 4 parts of mannitol and 8 parts of sorbitol, the 46 parts of calcium fertilizer comprise 40 parts of calcium nitrate and 6 parts of calcium acetate, the 3 parts of auxiliary agent comprise 1 part of ethylene glycol and 2 parts of EDTA-2Na 2, the 0.5 part of surfactant is 0.5 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, the 0.05 part of nutrition enhancer is 0.05 part of brassin, and the 0.2 part of preservative is 0.2 part of sodium benzoate. The difference between the specific preparation steps of the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the chelating temperature is controlled to 65 ℃ by heating in a water bath, 150 rpm is used for chelating for 50 minutes, the rest steps are the same as the embodiment 1, and the chelating rate of the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts in the embodiment 2 is determined to be more than or equal to 60 percent.
The sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts prepared in the embodiment is subjected to fertilizer efficiency test in Qingdao, namely, the ink area wind-moving shop town, the peanut variety is 'Shanghai 11', the test adopts random block group design, the test is repeated for 3 times, and 5 calcium concentration gradient treatments are totally set: 0. 0.4 g/L, 0.8 g/L, 1.6g/L and 2.4g/L, spraying the foliage of the peanuts in the seedling stage, the flowering and sowing stage, the podding stage and the full fruit stage of the peanuts, spraying the foliage of the peanuts for 4 times in the test period, and testing the seeds of the peanuts after harvesting.
Table 4: influence of concentration of sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts on peanut yield and composition factors thereof
From table 4, it can be found that spraying the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts with different concentrations can significantly improve the single-plant fruiting number, the single-plant plumpness number, the kernel weight, the single-plant pod weight and the total yield of peanuts, and the yield increase range is 5.97% -28.69%, wherein each index of spraying the fertilizer special for peanuts with the 1.6g/L of calcium concentration is superior to other treatments. Data fitting is carried out on the yield of different treatments, and the spraying concentration of the special fertilizer calcium element for peanuts disclosed by the embodiment 2 is 1.5-1.8 g/L, so that the yield increasing effect of the peanuts is remarkable.
Table 5: influence of concentration of sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts on fat content of seeds
Table 5 shows the influence of the concentration of the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts on the fat content of the seed kernels, and it can be found from the results that the foliar spraying of the fertilizer special for peanuts disclosed in this example 2 can effectively increase the fat content of the peanut seeds, wherein compared with the spraying of clear water control treatment, the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts with 1.6g/L of calcium concentration increases by 12.14%, 2.75% and 4.95% respectively in the pod setting stage, the full fruit stage and the mature stage, and the quality improvement effect is outstanding, which indicates that the optimum spraying concentration of calcium silicate on peanuts is 1.6g/L for the calcium fertilizer special for peanuts provided in this example 2.
Example 3:
the raw materials of the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts, which are disclosed by the embodiment, comprise 28 parts of softened water, 18 parts of sugar alcohol, 70 parts of a calcium fertilizer, 5 parts of an auxiliary agent, 0.5 part of a surfactant, 0.05 part of a nutrition enhancer and 0.1 part of a preservative in parts by weight. Wherein 18 parts of sugar alcohol comprise 5 parts of mannitol, 8 parts of sorbitol and 5 parts of xylitol, 70 parts of calcium fertilizer comprise 5 parts of calcium chloride, 60 parts of calcium nitrate and 5 parts of calcium acetate, 5 parts of auxiliary agent comprise 1 part of glycerol, 2 parts of ethylene glycol and 2 parts of EDTA-2Na, 0.5 part of surfactant comprises 800.3 parts of Tween and 0.2 part of dodecyl betaine, 0.05 part of nutrition enhancer is 0.05 part of chlormequat chloride, and 0.1 part of preservative is 0.1 part of potassium sorbate. The difference between the concrete preparation steps of the embodiment 3 and the embodiment 1 is that the chelating temperature is controlled to be 60 ℃ by heating in a water bath, and the chelating is carried out for 35 minutes at 200 revolutions per minute, so that the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts is prepared, and the chelating rate is more than or equal to 60% by determination.
The sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts prepared in the embodiment is tested and researched in garden villages behind Qingdao, namely inking zones, peanut varieties are 'flower growing 22', the test is designed in a random block mode, the test is repeated for 3 times, 4 gradient treatments such as calcium concentration 0, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0g/L are set, spraying is carried out for the first time in the dry, sunny and windless morning at the pod setting stage of the peanuts, then the spraying is carried out once every 12-14 days, the spraying is carried out for 4 times in the test period, and the peanuts are harvested and tested.
Table 6: influence of concentration of sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts on yield and quality of peanuts
The test results (table 6) are analyzed, and the fertilizer application treatment can improve the peanut yield and the content of the crude fat and the crude protein of the seed kernels, wherein the yield and the seed kernel variety are improved to the maximum extent by spraying the special chelating fertilizer for the peanuts of 1.6g/L, and the yield, the yield and the seed kernel variety are respectively improved by 11.48%, 5.74% and 7.82% compared with spraying the clear water. The influence of spraying 2.0g/L special chelating fertilizer for peanuts on the yield is small, but the quality of the peanuts can be obviously improved, and the contents of the crude fat and the crude protein of the kernels are respectively improved by 1.11 percent and 7.86 percent.
Example 4:
the raw material dosage of the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts is as follows: 33 parts of softened water, 29 parts of sugar alcohol, 38 parts of calcium fertilizer, 5 parts of auxiliary agent, 0.4 part of surfactant, 1 part of nutrition enhancer and 0.3 part of preservative. Wherein 29 parts of sugar alcohol comprise 15 parts of mannitol, 5 parts of sorbitol, 5 parts of xylitol and 4 parts of erythritol, 38 parts of calcium fertilizer comprise 30 parts of calcium nitrate and 8 parts of calcium acetate, 5 parts of auxiliary agent comprise 0.3 part of glycerol and 0.2 part of glycol, 0.4 part of surfactant is tween 800.4, 1 part of nutrition enhancer is inositol 1, and 0.3 part of preservative is sodium benzoate 0.3. The difference between the concrete preparation steps of the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the temperature in the reaction kettle is kept at 70 ℃ in the chelation process, the reaction is carried out for 60 minutes at 200 r/min, the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts is prepared after cooling, and the chelation rate is more than or equal to 80% through detection.
Example 5:
the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts in the embodiment is different from that in the embodiment 4 in that: 36 parts of softened water, 21 parts of sugar alcohol, 42 parts of calcium fertilizer, 2 parts of auxiliary agent, 0.5 part of surfactant, 0.02 part of nutrition enhancer and 0.2 part of preservative. Wherein 21 parts of sugar alcohol comprise 10 parts of mannitol, 5 parts of sorbitol, 3 parts of xylitol and 3 parts of erythritol, 42 parts of calcium fertilizer comprise 10 parts of calcium chloride, 24 parts of calcium nitrate and 8 parts of calcium acetate, 2 parts of auxiliary agent comprise 0.2 part of glycerol, 0.5 part of surfactant comprises 800.2 parts of tween, 0.2 part of dodecyl betaine and 0.1 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.02 part of nutrition enhancer comprises 0.02 part of chlormequat chloride, and 0.2 part of preservative comprises 0.2 part of potassium sorbate. The difference between the concrete preparation steps of the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the temperature in the reaction kettle is kept at 70 ℃ in the chelation process, the reaction is carried out for 45 minutes at 180 r/min, the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts is prepared after cooling, and the chelation rate is more than or equal to 70% through detection.
Example 6:
table 7: correlation between mass ratio of sugar alcohol to calcium in sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts and chelation rate
| n＝M(sugar alcohol)：M(calcium fertilizer) | Rate of chelation |
| n>0.8 | ≥80％ |
| 0.8>n>0.4 | ≥60％ |
| 0.4>n>0.25 | ≥40％ |
| n<0.25 | ≤40％ |
Table 1 shows the relationship between the chelation rate and the mass ratio of calcium alkoxide in the sugar alcohol calcium fertilizer specially used for peanuts in this example. The higher the chelation rate is, the higher the content of the sugar alcohol chelated calcium in the special chelated fertilizer for peanuts is, and under the condition of the same spraying concentration, the faster the chelated calcium is absorbed by peanut leaves, the lower the chelation rate is, and the higher the content of the inorganic calcium is. Because the peanut leaves absorb the organic chelated calcium at a high speed and absorb the inorganic calcium ions at a low speed, the proportion of the organic chelated calcium and the inorganic calcium ions in the chelated fertilizer can be adjusted by controlling the chelation rate, and then the absorption rate of the peanut leaves to the calcium is adjusted to adapt to the needs of peanuts with different soil conditions and different growth periods to the calcium.
Meanwhile, in order to explore the wettability of key components of the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts, an optical contact angle meter is used for measuring the contact angles of clear water and various calcium fertilizers and peanut leaf surfaces, and then the difference of the wettability before and after chelation reaction is compared. The fertilizers to be tested were clean water (a), calcium nitrate (b), sugar alcohol mixed calcium (c) in which only sugar alcohol and calcium salt were simply dissolved and mixed without undergoing a chelating reaction, and sugar alcohol chelated calcium (d) in which sugar alcohol and calcium were subjected to a chelating reaction, respectively. The sugar alcohol-mixed calcium (c) and the sugar alcohol-chelated calcium (d) have the same composition, and each of them contains only a sugar alcohol and an inorganic calcium salt, and the difference is whether or not a chelating reaction is performed. The specific implementation procedure of sugar alcohol chelated calcium (d) is similar to that of example 1, but no surfactant, nutrition enhancer, preservative, etc. are added;
fig. 1 is a graph comparing optical contact angles of different solutions on peanut leaf surfaces, and it can be seen from the contact angle images that the average contact angle of the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer (d) is 75.41 degrees, which is smaller than that of the sugar alcohol mixed calcium (c), the inorganic calcium nitrate salt (b) and the clear water (a), indicating that the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer has good hydrophilicity. The contact is large, the wettability is low, the sugar alcohol has certain wettability, so that the surface tension of the fertilizer can be reduced to a certain extent, meanwhile, the surfactant has the functions of emulsification and dispersion, and the two are added together to form a synergistic effect, so that the tension of a liquid-solid interface is effectively reduced. In addition, although the mixture of sugar alcohol and calcium salt which has not undergone the chelating reaction can also reduce the surface tension of the leaf surface, the effect on the peanuts is far less than that of the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer which has undergone the chelating reaction. A large number of pores exist on the surface of peanut leaves, so that after the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer is sprayed, the calcitonin can be quickly absorbed by the leaves through the cuticle and the pores, and the nutrition of the peanut calcitonin can be quickly strengthened.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the calcium chelate fertilizer special for peanut sugar alcohol synthesized by adopting the sugar alcohol chelation technology has the advantages that the calcium exists mainly in a chelated state, the chelation rate is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the maximum rate can reach 99 percent.
2. The calcium phosphate chelating agent has the advantages of changing the occurrence form of the calcium phosphate, having the functions of moistening and permeating, having high nutrient absorption and transfer efficiency, promoting the absorption of the peanuts to the calcium phosphate, improving the carbon nitrogen metabolic enzyme capability in the growth period, and further improving the yield and the quality.
3. The sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts can obviously improve the stress resistance of crops, and has more prominent application effect in calcium-deficient areas or in severe weather and stress environments and the like.
4. The production process is simple and convenient, the cost is lower, the spraying amount of the leaf surfaces is less, the safety and the convenience are realized, the input-output ratio is high, and the method is easy to accept by farmers.
In conclusion, the method has the advantages that the calcitonin is absorbed by the peanuts by changing the form (chelated state) of the calcitonin with low investment, and the problem of lacking of the calcitonin from the peanuts due to the fact that the calcitonin is difficult to absorb in the soil or the calcitonin is difficult to migrate in plants can be solved, so that the yield and the variety are improved, the great benefit is obtained, and the effects of increasing the yield and the income are obvious.
Claims (10)
1. A sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts. The feed is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-45 parts of softened water, 10-50 parts of sugar alcohol, 25-70 parts of calcium fertilizer, 1-5 parts of auxiliary agent, 0.2-0.5 part of surfactant, 0.01-1 part of nutrition enhancer and 0.1-0.5 part of preservative.
2. The sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts according to claim 1, wherein the sugar alcohol comprises one or more of mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol and erythritol.
3. The sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts according to claim 1, wherein the calcium fertilizer comprises one or more of calcium chloride, calcium nitrate and calcium acetate.
4. The sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary agent comprises one or more of glycerol, ethylene glycol, EDTA-2 Na.
5. The sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant comprises one or more of tween 80, dodecyl betaine, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
6. The sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts according to claim 1, wherein the nutrition enhancer comprises one or more of inositol, brassin and chlormequat chloride.
7. The sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts according to claim 1, wherein the preservative comprises one or more of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate.
8. The sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts according to claim 1, wherein the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts is sprayed before 10 am or after 4 pm on a sunny day and when the peanut leaves are dry.
9. The sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first spraying is carried out at the beginning of peanut flowering and needle emergence, the dosage of each mu is 0.1-1.0kg, the calcium ion concentration is controlled within the range of 0.4-2.0g/L, the spraying is carried out once every 7-14 days, the continuous spraying is not more than 5 times, the spraying is carried out each time until the leaf surfaces and the leaf backs are uniformly sprayed and no liquid drops are formed, when the soil or crops show serious calcium deficiency, the application frequency can be properly increased, the day before the spraying is sunny, and the supplementary spraying is carried out once when the rain occurs within 4 hours after the spraying.
10. The preparation method of the sugar alcohol chelated calcium fertilizer special for peanuts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing 20-45 parts of softened water, 10-50 parts of sugar alcohol, 25-70 parts of calcium fertilizer, 1-5 parts of auxiliary agent, 0.2-0.5 part of surfactant, 0.01-1 part of nutrition enhancer and 0.1-0.5 part of preservative according to the parts by weight for later use;
(2) adding the softened water and the sugar alcohol weighed in the step (1) into a reaction kettle, keeping the constant temperature of 60-70 ℃, and continuously stirring until the solution is uniform and clear;
(3) and (3) keeping the temperature in the reaction kettle at 60-70 ℃, sequentially adding the calcium fertilizer and the auxiliary agent into the clarified solution obtained in the step (2), continuously stirring, adding the surfactant after the liquid is clarified, setting the stirring speed at 150-.
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