CN1145700A - 减少串话干扰的连接器 - Google Patents

减少串话干扰的连接器 Download PDF

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CN1145700A
CN1145700A CN94194884A CN94194884A CN1145700A CN 1145700 A CN1145700 A CN 1145700A CN 94194884 A CN94194884 A CN 94194884A CN 94194884 A CN94194884 A CN 94194884A CN 1145700 A CN1145700 A CN 1145700A
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joint
crosstalk
electrical cnnector
electrical
piece
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CN1067179C (zh
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D·R·平尼
K·施坦顿
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ITT Industries Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02—Details
    • H04B3/32—Reducing cross-talk, e.g. by compensating
    • H04B3/34—Reducing cross-talk, e.g. by compensating by systematic interconnection of lengths of cable during laying; by addition of balancing components to cable during laying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/646—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00 specially adapted for high-frequency, e.g. structures providing an impedance match or phase match
    • H01R13/6461—Means for preventing cross-talk
    • H01R13/6464—Means for preventing cross-talk by adding capacitive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/646—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00 specially adapted for high-frequency, e.g. structures providing an impedance match or phase match
    • H01R13/6461—Means for preventing cross-talk
    • H01R13/6467—Means for preventing cross-talk by cross-over of signal conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/6608—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in single component
    • H01R13/6625—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in single component with capacitive component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S439/00—Electrical connectors
    • Y10S439/941—Crosstalk suppression

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
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Abstract

一种电气连接器包括四个延伸于输入端子(18)与输出端子(13)之间的接头(2、3、4、5)。为了减少接头线对间的串话干扰，在相距最远端子(3和5，4和6)之间设置一交叠，该端子为接头中不同的特定信号载运线对(4和5，3和6)的端子。此交叠在其间形成电容耦合，用于产生串话干扰，该串话干扰与产生于相距最近端子(3和4，5和6)间的串话干扰相抵。

Description

减少串话干扰的连接器
本发明涉及一种电气连接器，使两对或多对载有信号的接头之间的串话干扰得以减少。
由于静电(电容)或磁(电感)耦合造成信号的电磁交叉耦合的风险，在为其中每一线对均需运载独立信号的内连复用导线对而设计的连接器中，存在一个问题。这种交叉耦合称为串话干扰，并随信号频率的增加而增强。由最近的线对间电容和电感耦合引起的串话干扰产生反向相位，抵消来自平衡双线系统的另一对相距最远线对的影响。这可有效地表示为线对的每一线路与其它线对的线路间的分布电容。此问题有时由于接线习惯会更加严重。例如依照EIA/TIA568B八接头线路连接器的实际接线，接头1和2组成橙色组，接头3和6组成绿色组，接头4和5组成蓝色组，接头7和8组成棕色组。可以看到，在这样一种配置中，蓝色组与绿色组之间的串话干扰是一个主要问题，因为这两组中每组内的每一线都与另一组的一条线相邻，从而在它们之间产生静电及静磁耦合。其次，由于每线对的一条线都与另一线对的一条线相邻，在绿色组与橙色组、绿色组与棕色组之间也存在耦合。
曾有人试图降低电气连接器相邻线路间的串话干扰。例如在AT&T欧洲专利申请93301116.5(0558225A1)中揭示了一种装置，其中连接器相邻端子的端头间跨接一可重接弯头，从而使相邻端子达到一个隔开位置的一半，并达到其相对位置的一半从而可以在处于相反相位触点一半处实现相抵消，减少串音。鉴于可重接弯头的连接要求及跨接点的要求非常严格，此种装置难于生产。
另一项由92112808.8(0525703A1)号Siemens欧洲专利申请揭示的技术是一种使用印刷电路板的连接器，再配合一组双跨接干扰线，由此产生串话干扰的反相耦合，达到消除的目的。此装置需一块印刷电路板及板上的复用交叉装置。其他类似装置也描述了存在串话的线路与非干扰线路间的分离电容或电感耦合会在何处形成，以便于插入一个抗串话干扰的元件。分立元件的使用是不便且昂贵的。
本发明试图提供一种具备串话补偿功能的电气连接器，使之可靠，相对便于生产，并且不使用分立元件。
依照本发明提供了一种电气连接器，它至少包括四个延伸于输入输出端子间的接头，其特征在于在相距最远的接头之间设置一交叠，该接头为不同的特定信号载运线对的接头。此交叠在其间形成电容耦合，用于产生串话干扰，该串话干扰与产生于不同特定信号载运线对中相距最近的接头间的串话干扰相抵，从而减少总的串话干扰。
以上每种所说的相距最远接头的其中一个可以提供一种水平延长部分，覆盖在另一线对的另一相关接头上，用以在其间形成交叠和电容耦合。该相距最远接头的另外一个有一部分表面积较大，水平延长部分覆盖其上，由此增强其间的电容耦合。通过此方法，相关接头与另一线对的每一接头间的分布电容得以减小，或者理想状态下减小为零。接头可以与连接器、作为信号载运线对的相距最远的接头以及向内延伸的水平延长部分横向分开定位。
该电气连接器可以包括多种接头且四个或四个以上的所述接头组为线对，使用其它线对中相距最远的接头间的交叠在其间形成电容耦合，产生串话干扰，该串话干扰与产生于其它线对中相距最近接头间的串话干扰相抵。
在本发明的另一实施例中两个附加信号载运线对接头分别被配置在上述四个接头的两侧，该四个接头中的外部接头交叠在最近的附加线对的最远接头，在其间形成耦合，产生串话干扰，该串话干扰与产生于外部接头和附加线对相距最近接头间的串话干扰相抵。
接头可设置在一种绝缘隔离物的两侧上，以在交叠的接头之间构成一层介质。该隔离物可以是聚酰亚胺薄膜。
为了使本发明及其各种优选特征更简单易懂，下面将通过举例，参照图示作具体实施方案的描述。
图1为一示意图，说明发生在八接头连接器中的串话干扰的主要问题。
图2为一导线框架的平视图，该框架上具有按照本发明构成的连接器端子中的六个端子。
图3为第二种导线框架的平视图，示出采用按照本发明构成的连接器的两个附加端子。
图4为一平视图，表明图3及图4的框架置于绝缘介质膜二侧的安置方法。
图5为一部件分解图，显示结合了图4构造及采用了本发明特征后的完整连接器的部件。
图6显示图5中连接器的部件装配就绪，准备连接绝缘线。
参照图1，就依照实际接线法EIA/TIA 568B付诸使用的八端子线路连接器加以说明。如图所示，线路4、5、3、6相距很近，由电磁耦合产生串话干扰，其电容成分由电容器C1和C2模拟。为了补偿此种在相邻线路间产生的不希望的串话干扰，本发明试图在线路3和5以及4和6之间引入与之反相的串话干扰。这可以通过在线路3和5以及4和6之间形成增强的电容耦合来实现，如虚线所示，分别表为C1′和C2′。在相邻线对的端子中的线路2和3以及6和7之间也存在串话干扰，分别以C2和C4代表，同样，这可以通过在线路1和3以及6和8之间形成增强的电容耦合来补偿，如虚线所示，分别表为C3′和C4′。本发明与在具有四个或更多端子的连接器中形成这类补偿有关。下面参照图2导线框架10的平视图，此引线框架由薄金属板如铜铍合金压制而成，其六个端子号码定义为1、2、4、5、7、8。图3为同样方法制成的另一导线框架11的平视图，定义其两个端子为3和6。在这两个导线框架中，每个端子的一端由延长连带12组成，这些连带基本上按相互平行排列，另一端设置有伸长的开口13当从侧轨14分离出来时，定义为隔离位移连接器的叉架。从图2可以看到，端子1、4、5和8分别有宽度和表面积较大的部分15A、15B、15C和15D，它们将与图3所示的分别设置在端子3、6上的水平延长部分16A、16B和16C、16D相配合。
参照图4，此平面图显示两导线框架如何一个叠于另一个之上地叠放，其中间以绝缘膜17分隔。在此示例中，导线框架10位于底层，并且为便于说明，将其用一层透明薄膜与导线框架11隔开。薄膜可以是任何合适的绝缘材料，例如注册商标为Kapton的聚酰亚胺，其薄膜厚度为0.003英寸。若要达到显著消除串话干扰的效果，精确地确定厚度、介电常数以及控制交叠是关键的。框架可以由一层粘合剂固定在薄膜上，例如在薄膜的每一面上均涂上丙烯酸涂料，再通过热焊将框架固定。从图中可看到，水平延长部分16A、16B、16C和16D分别交叠在15A、15B、15C和15D上的部分被涂为阴影，以便于识别。与绝缘薄膜连接的中央部位用塑料材料密封，在图5以20标出，形状基本上为矩形块，并由八个平行伸长槽口21构成，此槽口一端封闭并用于接纳连接器电缆的绝缘线。密封后，切断导线框架的边轨道，尾端12成自由状，打开开口13的末端以确定隔离位移叉架22。叉架末端如图所示向上弯成直角，尾端向后向下弯曲，从而相对于块20的底部向下倾斜。从图2可看到，开口13相对于端子纵向上参差不齐，由此可通过在分离导线框架边轨过程中适当地剪切，确定叉架伸出不同距离，这样当弯曲时，不同高度的叉架排可以用于装配绝缘线的附件，这将在后面加以描述。
参照图5的分解图，对各种附加元件及其内部连接加以描述。张力释放元件23形状与矩形块相似，具有与槽口21类似的槽口24A，用于接纳和支持隔离位移连接器叉架22及绝缘线。可以看到，当隔离位移叉架固定于张力释放元件的槽口中时，张力释放元件明显地与矩形块连为一体。
铸塑基座24在其上部一侧设有空槽25，其形状允许块20及张力释放元件23滑入。在空槽的底部设有八个平行的槽口26，从插入端沿空槽延伸，以类似于从块20伸出的尾端12的槽口间隔彼此分开。槽口延伸至基座底部的凹槽，该凹槽在基座的另一面有一插入口，用于接受相关连接器。由于块20中的引线尾端插入凹槽25中，每个槽口26接收一条尾端12，并在插入中和插入后引导及分离这些引线，从而使引线保持倾斜位置，成为基座底部凹槽与相匹配连接器连接的接头。凹槽25的相对的基座壁上和张力释放元件上均设置了相互啮合锁定部件，在所述实施方案中，该锁定部件包括向内楔形突起27和凹槽28，27位于凹槽25的相对的壁上，28位于张力释放元件的相对两侧。通过咬合动作，突起与凹槽得以连接，从而将张力释放元件插入凹槽25中。配合锁定部件28可以装在张力释放元件23上，反之，也可以装在块20的两侧。
基座24配备有一个铸成的向上延伸顶盖29，该顶盖通过一铰接杆30与机座上部相连，并通过侧面连接部分31固定于开启位置上，31更主要用于顶盖的闭合。顶盖上配有八个延长凸起32，它们与槽口21、24A对应排列，当把绝缘线放入槽口中时，迫使绝缘线进入隔离位移连接器叉架22中，并在顶盖完全闭合后压紧绝缘线。
也提供外壳33，它由金属或塑料制成，其形状允许基座24铰接末端紧密插入。本外壳对于导线到隔离位移连接器的连接很有作用。将块20的槽口21和张力释放元件的槽口24A插入基座24中，再将导线放入这些槽口中，通过将基座24推入外壳，外壳强行闭合顶盖。突起32迫使绝缘导线进入产生隔离移位和导线连接的叉架22中，并引起迫使进入张力释放元件槽口24A中的导线绝缘并保持在其中。由于隔离位移连接器叉架的高度不同，一些导线在其它导线之前就被迫进入连接器中，因此，在闭合顶盖时需要减小力量，使隔离位移顺序地产生。本外壳可以作为连接器的电气屏蔽板，通过金属电缆末端屏蔽板34和固定夹片35，其屏蔽作用可大大增强。
将连接器的各元件组装完备后，就可接收绝缘导线了。如图6所示。
如果交叠水平延长部分16A-16D和宽度大的部分15A-15D与尾端12之间距离尽可能小的话，可以发现，串话干扰的补偿作用将会达到最佳效果。
虽然所述实施方案采用四对导线，很明显本发明对于任何需要减少串话干扰的两对或更多线对，如3和6、4和5的连接器都具有作用，并且，具有大数量线对的连接器也可以采用本发明。
在这方面，无论接头如何配对，串话干扰都会是个问题。以四接头的线路连接器为例作一简单说明，线路连接器的四个接头按顺序编号为1至4，除了将线对设计为1和2，3和4或1和3，2和4以外，设计为1和4，2和3(与前述实施方案的3和6，4和5类似)将会是最糟的一种情况。在每种情况下，都有些线互相靠近，并影响到不同的线对，而依照本发明的技术，就可以有效地减少或消除串话干扰。此类配置属于本发明的范围内。
本发明的原理适用于具有大数量接头的连接器。很明显，在每对接头与所有其它接头之间均存在产生串话干扰的可能性，本发明的原理也均适用于每对和其它任何一对或多对接头之间。
尽管所述实施方案采用的是安装有绝缘薄膜的导线框架，很明显，可采用其他结构。例如，接头可以腐蚀刻制在一块印刷电路板的相反两面上，或者接头可以被印制在一层绝缘膜或绝缘板上，比如丝网印刷金属模板。此类配置属于本发明的范围内。

Claims (22)

1.一种电气连接器至少包括四个延伸于输入和输出端子(12、13)之间的接头(3、4、5、6)，其特征在于在相距最远接头(3和5，4和6)之间设置一交叠，该接头为不同的特定信号载运线对的接头(4和5，3和6)。此交叠在其间形成电容耦合，用于产生串话干扰，该串话干扰与产生于不同特定信号载运线对中相距最近接头(3和4，5和6)间的串话干扰相抵，从而减少总的串话干扰。
2.权利要求1所说的电气连接器，其特征在于所述相距最远接头(3和5，4和6)中的其中一个(3、6)可以使用一种水平延长部分，覆盖在另一线对的相对应的接头(5、4)上，用以在其间形成交叠和电容耦合。
3.权利要求3所说的电气连接器，其特征在于所述相距最远接头中的另外一个(5、4)有一部分(15C、15B)表面积较大，水平延长部分(16C、16B)覆盖其上，由此增强其间的电容耦合。
4.权利要求2或3所述的电气连接器，其特征在于连接器的接头(3、4、5、6)要横向分开，其相距最远的接头(3、6)定为信号运载线对，其横向延伸的部分(16C、16B)向内伸展。
5.上述任一权利要求所说的电气连接器包括多种接头，其特征在于任何四个或更多的所述接头组为线对，使用其它线对中相距最远的接头的交叠在其间形成电容耦合，产生串话干扰，该串话干扰与产生于其它线对中相距最近接头间的串话干扰相抵。
6.权利要求4或5所说的电气连接器，其特征在于两个附加信号载运线对(1和2，7和8)分别被配置在上述四个接头(3、4、5、6)的两侧，该四个接头中的外侧接头(3、6)跨接到最近的附加线对的最远接头(1、8)，在其间形成耦合，产生串话干扰，此串话干扰与产生于外侧接头(3、6)和与附加线对(1和2，7和8)相距最近端子(2、7)间的串话干扰相抵。
7.上述任一权利要求所说的电气连接器，其特征在于接头(1-8)可设置在一种绝缘隔离物的两侧上，以便在交叠的接头之间构成一层介质。
8.权利要求7所说的电气连接器，其特征在于绝缘隔离物(17)为聚酰亚胺薄膜。
9.权利要求7或8所说的电气连接器，其特征在于接头是由一片导电材料冲压成形的复杂导线框架(10、11)的一部分，引线框架安装于绝缘隔离物(17)的相反两面上。
10.权利要求9所说的电气连接器，其特征在于接头的一端为叉形，构成隔离位移连接器的叉架(22)。
11.权利要求10所说的电气连接器，其特征在于每个接头的另一端为伸长的尾端(12)。
12.权利要求11所说的电气连接器，其特征在于其上安装有导线框架(11、12)的绝缘隔离器(17)被塑料材料(20)密封，接头末端由此延伸出来。
13.权利要求12所说的电气连接器，其特征在于确定隔离位移连接器(22)的末端向上弯曲，基本呈直角，尾端(12)向密封块(20)的后下方弯曲。
14.权利要求13所说的电气连接器，其特征在于塑料材料的密封形状为矩形块(20)，其中独立的槽口(21)基本上沿隔离位移连接器(22)平行延伸用于接收将要截断的导线的末端。
15.权利要求14所说的电气连接器，其特征在于具有一个绝缘基座，其形状恰使带尾端矩形块(20)的一端滑插入其中，并容纳之，通过附带引线(12)的一端的插入，机座中槽口(26)的定位与从块(20)伸出的尾端(12)的位置相似，这些尾端从矩形块(20)中伸出，使得当块的尾端部插入时，每个槽口能接收一个尾端，并在插入中及插入后引导和分离尾端，尾端保持在倾斜位置，作为基座对侧的孔隙中的接头，用以接收匹配连接器。
16.权利要求15所说的电气连接器，其特征在于提供了一种矩形的张力释放元件(23)，其形状类似于矩形块(20)并具有槽口(24A)，该元件用于接纳和支持隔离位移连接器端头(22)，并有效地形成块的接续部分，由此，它可与块(20)一起滑入基座(24)中。
17.权利要求15或16所说的电气连接器，其特征在于基座(24)、块(20)或张力释放元件(23)都安装有配合锁定部件(27、28)，以将块或块与张力释放元件保持于基座中。
18.权利要求15、16或17所说的电气连接器，其特征在于基座(24)顶部开启并安装有一顶盖(29)，该顶盖可闭合于机座，具有当把绝缘导线放入位于块或块与张力释放元件中的槽口(21)里时，可压入绝缘导线的结构，并迫使每一根导线均进入隔离位移连接器中。
19.权利要求18所说的电气连接器，其特征在于顶盖(29)铰接于基座(24)上。
20.权利要求1 9所说的电气连接器，其特征在于配备的外壳(33)提供了促使机座(24)插入其中的外力，能有效闭合顶盖(29)，并使其上的结构(32)压入绝缘导线，迫使每根导线都进入一个隔离位移连接器(22)。
21.权利要求20所说的电气连接器，其特征在于外壳(33)由金属制成。
22.权利要求13至21中任一权利要求所说的电气连接器，其特征在于隔离位移连接器(22)的叉架延伸高度不同，由此一些叉架在不同时刻与特定绝缘线相接触，而通过下压逐渐地进行隔离移动，可以减小所需的连接力。
CN94194884A 1993-12-03 1994-11-29 减少串话干扰的连接器 Expired - Fee Related CN1067179C (zh)

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CN108886220A (zh) * 2016-04-13 2018-11-23 泛达公司 在插头接口触点之间具有介电膜的通信插座
CN108886220B (zh) * 2016-04-13 2021-06-25 泛达公司 在插头接口触点之间具有介电膜的通信插座

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US5547405A (en) 1996-08-20
DE69406146T2 (de) 1998-02-05
SG13195G (en) 1995-06-16
RU2120688C1 (ru) 1998-10-20
CN1067179C (zh) 2001-06-13
JP3068854B2 (ja) 2000-07-24
NO962266L (no) 1996-07-31
EP0731995A1 (en) 1996-09-18
GB2271678A (en) 1994-04-20
DK0731995T3 (da) 1997-10-27
DE69406146D1 (de) 1997-11-13
FI962238A0 (fi) 1996-05-28
WO1995015598A1 (en) 1995-06-08
FI111885B (fi) 2003-09-30
GB9324816D0 (en) 1994-01-19
JPH09507951A (ja) 1997-08-12
GB2271678B (en) 1994-10-12
FI962238A (fi) 1996-07-11
NO962266D0 (no) 1996-05-31
IN185449B (zh) 2001-01-20
ES2107905T3 (es) 1997-12-01
CA2177999C (en) 2000-04-11
DE731995T1 (de) 1997-04-30
NO314477B1 (no) 2003-03-24
EP0731995B1 (en) 1997-10-08
CA2177999A1 (en) 1995-06-08

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