CN114568705B - 一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液及其制备方法。首先，获取乳清蛋白中的α‑乳白蛋白、β‑乳球蛋白，大豆分离蛋白中的7S大豆球蛋白、11S大豆球蛋白。其次，按一定质量分数在β‑乳球蛋白和7S大豆球蛋白溶液中，先加入硫酸锌溶液，再加入α‑乳白蛋白和11S大豆球蛋白溶液，在4℃下缓慢搅拌，加入蔗糖、乳酸、玫瑰香精、羟苯乙酯，加纯化水补足100mL。滴加稀氢氧化钠溶液调节pH为7.0，缓慢搅拌均匀，灭菌，灌封在8mL口服液瓶中。本发明提供了配方比例及添加顺序，实验证明锌吸收效率高，并解决了常规补锌剂吸收效果较弱，有不良反应的问题，是一种理想的补锌蛋白口服液。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品和保健品技术领域，具体涉及一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液及其制备方法。
背景技术
锌元素是人类所必需的微量营养素，在结构稳定、生物催化和信号调节等方面发挥着重要作用。锌缺乏会导致免疫功能障碍、持续性腹泻、慢性炎症、肝病等严重疾病。锌缺乏现象在发展中国家较为严重，是导致全球4％儿童发病率和死亡率的主要原因。由于人体不能产生锌，也没有专门的锌贮存器，因此人体必须每天从饮食中摄入锌，进而维持细胞水平的锌稳态。
随着人们认识到锌的重要性，锌补充剂也在不断发展和更新，主要经历了无机锌、简单有机酸锌、酵母锌、蛋白质锌四个阶段。与前三代相比，蛋白锌具有稳定性好、刺激性小、人体胃肠道生物利用度高的优点，是目前最安全有效的锌补充剂。目前市面上常见的两种补锌剂，一种是葡萄糖酸锌，葡萄糖酸锌虽然是弱酸弱碱盐，但仍能与胃酸反应生成氯化锌，刺激肠胃，产生恶心呕吐等副作用。且会与纤维素，植酸等发生不溶反应，与微量元素发生拮抗作用，不利于锌的吸收。另一种是利用乳清蛋白促进锌吸收，但吸收效果并不显著。经研究表明，乳清蛋白的主要成分为α-乳白蛋白，β-乳球蛋白、乳铁蛋白、牛血清白蛋白和免疫球蛋白。大豆蛋白的氨基酸组成与牛奶蛋白相近,其必需氨基酸含量较丰富,是植物性的完全蛋白。β-伴大豆球蛋白(7S)和大豆球蛋白(11S)是大豆蛋白的主要组成成分，其中β-伴大豆球蛋白(7S)约占30％，大豆球蛋白(11S)约占40％。研究表明，11S球蛋白与7S球蛋白比例增大时，蛋白形成凝胶的硬度和凝胶黏度会升高，乳化活性会降低。而根据实验发现，不同蛋白质对锌吸收影响作用不同。
本发明公开了一种高效促进锌离子吸收的蛋白口服液及制备方法，提供了一种来源天然、吸收效率显著的补锌口服液。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液及其制备方法。本发明提供的蛋白口服液主要成分来源于食用的天然牛乳和大豆、口感良好，成分稳定，可以显著提高锌的吸收效率，且无不良作用。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供技术方案包括以下步骤：
取配方量的所述α-乳白蛋白、β-乳球蛋白、7S大豆球蛋白、11S大豆球蛋白、硫酸锌、蔗糖、乳酸、玫瑰香精和羟苯乙酯，制成有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液。
优选地，由以下主要原料组成：α-乳白蛋白，β-乳球蛋白，7S大豆球蛋白，11S大豆球蛋白，硫酸锌。
优选地，所述口服液中β-乳球蛋白：7S大豆球蛋白：硫酸锌：α-乳白蛋白：11S大豆球蛋白的质量比为(10％-15％)：(10％-15％)：(0.5％-1％)：(20％-25％)：(10％-15％)
优选地，原料的加入顺序为：先在β-乳球蛋白和7S大豆球蛋白溶液中，加入硫酸锌溶液，再加入α-乳白蛋白和11S大豆球蛋白溶液。由已有研究成果可知，α-乳白蛋白与锌的结合强度高于β-乳球蛋白与锌的结合强度。因此，首先使β-乳球蛋白充分结合锌离子，继而加入α-乳白蛋白结合锌离子，可以使锌离子被充分结合在蛋白质上。
优选地，蛋白和锌复合物需在4℃下连续缓慢搅拌反应20-30min，使蛋白充分地结合锌离子。
优选地，加入8-9g蔗糖、0.1-0.2g乳酸、0.05-0.15g玫瑰香精、0.02-0.03g羟苯乙酯，加纯化水补足100mL，使口服液具有良好的口感和稳定性。
优选地，滴加少量稀氢氧化钠溶液调节pH为7.0，连续缓慢搅拌均匀，灭菌，灌封在8mL的口服液瓶中。
附图说明
图1为Caco-2单分子层细胞中不同口服液的锌吸收率。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液及其制备方法，为了进一步说明本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明提供的一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液及其制备方法进行详细地描述。
实施例1
一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液，制备方法如下：
制备有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液：在质量分数为10％-15％的β-乳球蛋白溶液和质量分数为10％-15％的7S大豆球蛋白中，先加入质量分数为0.5％-1％的硫酸锌溶液，再加入质量分数为20％-25％的α-乳白蛋白和质量分数为10％-15％的11S大豆球蛋白，在4℃下连续缓慢搅拌反应20min，使蛋白充分地结合锌离子。之后，加入8g蔗糖、0.1g乳酸、0.05g玫瑰香精、0.02g羟苯乙酯，加纯化水补足100mL。最后滴加少量稀氢氧化钠溶液调节pH为7.0，连续缓慢搅拌均匀，灭菌，灌封在8mL的口服液瓶中。
实施例2
一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液，制备方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：β-乳球蛋白：7S大豆球蛋白：硫酸锌：α-乳白蛋白：11S大豆球蛋白的质量比为(5％-7.5％)：(5％-7.5％)：(0.25％-0.5％)：(10％-12.5％)：(5％-7.5％)。
实施例3
一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液，制备方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：蛋白和锌复合物在4℃下连续缓慢搅拌反应30min。
实施例4
一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液，制备方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：加入9g蔗糖、0.2g乳酸、0.15g玫瑰香精、0.03g羟苯乙酯，加纯化水补足100mL。
实施例5
一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液，制备方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：灌封在10mL的口服液瓶中。
对比例1
一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液，制备方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：不分离纯化α-乳白蛋白和β-乳球蛋白，使用15％的乳清蛋白。不分离纯化11S大豆球蛋白和7S大豆球蛋白，使用15％的大豆蛋白。
对比例2
一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液，制备方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：β-乳球蛋白：7S大豆球蛋白：硫酸锌：α-乳白蛋白：11S大豆球蛋白的质量比为(20％-25％)：(20％-25％)：(0.5％-1％)：(10％-15％)：(20％-25％)。
对比例3
一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液，制备方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：原料的加入顺序为：先在α-乳白蛋白和11S大豆球蛋白溶液中加入硫酸锌溶液，再加入β-乳球蛋白和7S大豆球蛋白溶液。
对比例4
一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液，制备方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：原料的加入顺序为：先混合蛋白溶液，再加入硫酸锌溶液。
对比例5
一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液，制备方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：蛋白和锌复合物在4℃下连续缓慢搅拌反应10min。
对比例6
一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液，制备方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：加入2g蔗糖、0.1g乳酸、0.001g玫瑰香精、0.005g羟苯乙酯，加纯化水补足100mL。
性能考察
1、蛋白口服液体外锌吸收性实验
Caco-2细胞是一种人克隆结肠腺癌细胞，结构和功能类似于分化的小肠上皮细胞，具有微绒毛等结构，并含有与小肠刷状缘上皮相关的酶系，可以用来进行模拟体内肠转运的实验，能比较方便的模拟体内环境，将0.5mL Caco-2细胞以2×105个/mL的密度置于12孔Transwell培养板上室中，1.5mL含血清的DMEM于下室。培养基每隔一天更换一次，7天后每天更换一次。使用Millicell ERS-2测定单分子膜上皮间电阻(TEER)。当TEER值大于1000Ω·cm2时，进行锌吸收实验。实验前，Caco-2细胞单层细胞与含2％胎牛血清的DMEM孵育1小时。除去培养基后，用D-Hank's平衡盐溶液洗涤细胞层3次。上室加入0.5mL样品，下室加入1mL D-Hank。每组每孔设3个重复。在培养箱中孵育2h后，收集下室样品，用0.5mL D-Hank's清洗1次，混合。锌含量采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)检测。
将实施例1和对比例1～6制得的蛋白口服液作为样品；去离子水作为空白对照样品。如图1所示，为Caco-2单分子层细胞中不同样品的锌吸收率。从结果来看，实施例1对锌的吸收明显大于其他组别，说明制备的蛋白口服液为一种良好的补锌制剂。经过对比实验可以发现，乳清蛋白和大豆蛋白对锌吸收的促进作用一般，且四种蛋白的添加比例，四种蛋白和硫酸锌的添加顺序，蛋白和锌复合物的搅拌时间，以及蔗糖、乳酸、玫瑰香精、羟苯乙酯的添加量都可能对锌吸收量造成影响。
2、蛋白口服液感官特性评价
将实施例1和对比例1～6制得的促锌吸收的蛋白口服液进行感官评价，评审组由来自不同地区、不同年龄、不同性别和不同职业，并且掌握基本的感官评价知识与技巧的20名评价员组成，由评审组依据色泽、香味、口感及组织形态等感官综合评定，感官评价结果见表1。
表1不同蛋白口服液的感官评价结果
由表1的结果可知，蔗糖、乳酸、玫瑰香精、羟苯乙酯的加入量会对口服液的色泽、滋味有显著的影响。而实施例1在色泽、气味、滋味和组织状态方面都获得了较高的分数。
上述实施例的结果表明，本发明提供的有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液可以促进锌离子吸收，且吸收效果显著。
虽然本发明以较佳的实施例公开如上，但实施例仅是对技术方案的具体描述，并非是对技术方案的限制，本领域技术人员在不改变本发明的实质内容的条件下，可以做替换或改动，因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (1)
1.一种有利于锌吸收的蛋白口服液的制备方法，其特征在于，先在β-乳球蛋白和7S大豆球蛋白溶液中加入硫酸锌；再加入α-乳白蛋白与11S大豆球蛋白；在4℃下连续缓慢搅拌反应20min，使蛋白充分地结合锌离子；加入8-9g蔗糖、0.1-0.2g乳酸、0.05-0.15g玫瑰香精、0.02-0.03g羟苯乙酯，加纯化水补足100mL；最后滴加少量稀氢氧化钠溶液调节pH为7.0，连续缓慢搅拌均匀，灭菌，灌封在8mL的口服液瓶中；其中，所述口服液中β-乳球蛋白：7S大豆球蛋白：硫酸锌：α-乳白蛋白：11S大豆球蛋白的质量比为10％-15％：10％-15％：0.5％-1％：20％-25％:10％-15％。
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