CN114568323A - Device and process system for producing padding by using cow dung - Google Patents
Device and process system for producing padding by using cow dung Download PDFInfo
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- CN114568323A CN114568323A CN202210107672.7A CN202210107672A CN114568323A CN 114568323 A CN114568323 A CN 114568323A CN 202210107672 A CN202210107672 A CN 202210107672A CN 114568323 A CN114568323 A CN 114568323A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/12—Microwaves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/24—Apparatus using programmed or automatic operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G15/00—Conveyors having endless load-conveying surfaces, i.e. belts and like continuous members, to which tractive effort is transmitted by means other than endless driving elements of similar configuration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G33/00—Screw or rotary spiral conveyors
- B65G33/24—Details
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G43/00—Control devices, e.g. for safety, warning or fault-correcting
- B65G43/08—Control devices operated by article or material being fed, conveyed or discharged
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/02—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
- F26B23/04—Heating arrangements using electric heating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
- G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention provides a device for producing padding by using cow dung, which comprises a reactor, a sterilization and humidity-conditioning system, a temperature and humidity control system and a feeding and discharging system, wherein the sterilization and humidity-conditioning system is connected with the reactor; the sterilization and humidity regulation system comprises a rotating motor, a rotating bearing, a steel frame, a water tank, a water pumping pump, a steam generator, a steam conveying pipeline, a steam rotating pipe and a nozzle, wherein the rotating motor is positioned at the top of the reactor, a rotating shaft of the rotating motor penetrates through the outer wall of the reactor and is positioned inside the reactor, the steel frame is rotatably connected with the rotating shaft through the rotating bearing, the steam rotating pipe is fixed on the steel frame, and the nozzle is fixed on the steam rotating pipe. According to the invention, the cow dung is treated in a harmless and zero-energy consumption manner by microwave sterilization and high-temperature drying method, and the cow dung is recycled to regenerate the padding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry manure treatment, and particularly relates to a device and a process system for producing padding by using cow manure.
Background
According to the annual book of Chinese statistics in 2020, the number of cattle raised in the animal husbandry in China reaches 9138.3 ten thousands by 2019. With the rapid increase of the number of the bred cows in China and the increase of large-scale and intensive cow farms and communities, the manure produced by the cows grows, the number of the manure is higher than 1.82 hundred million tons, and meanwhile, the problem that the manure is difficult to reasonably treat is increasingly serious, so that the manure causes great harm to ecological environment around the farms and lives of people, and the development of domestic animal husbandry is also restricted. Therefore, the green and environment-friendly treatment of the cattle manure is one of the most critical problems in the animal husbandry in China at present.
On the other hand, the quality of cattle bedding is directly related to the health of cattle. But the price of cattle bedding materials is increasing day by day, and the cost of cattle raising is greatly increased. Therefore, it is urgent to find a production method of low-cost high-quality bedding materials.
Researches indicate that the cow dung regeneration padding is more comfortable than straw, sand, sawdust and the like, but a large amount of bacteria exist in cow dung, and the incidence of cow hoof diseases is increased by adopting the non-sterilized cow dung regeneration padding. Meanwhile, the optimal humidity of the cow dung regeneration padding is 40% -50%, the overall moisture content of the cow dung after simple solid-liquid separation is about 75%, but the drying speed of the cow dung is influenced by the difference value of instantaneous moisture and balance moisture corresponding to the drying condition in the drying process by adopting the traditional cow dung drying equipment. The ideal drying process is that the internal moisture diffusion speed of the cow dung controlled by the difference is equal to the surface moisture evaporation speed controlled by the hot air drying potential, but in the actual drying process, the surface moisture evaporation speed controlled by the hot air drying potential is generally greater than the internal moisture diffusion speed of the cow dung controlled by the difference, which is called an internal control phenomenon. Therefore, the method for treating the cow dung in an environment-friendly and efficient manner is of great significance to the development of cow dung regeneration bedding technology.
At present, numerous scholars at home and abroad develop a great deal of research on cow dung regenerated padding, and invent a plurality of processes and devices for producing cow dung regenerated padding, which mainly comprises two types: direct heating and fermentation. For example, patent (CN 104557168A) discloses a method for producing environment-friendly bedding materials by using dung of dairy farms, which mainly comprises fermenting the dung after solid-liquid separation in the form of stacking and turning, and obtaining the bedding materials by adjusting the moisture of dung residues. However, the method has a large stacking amount, so that the temperature in the pile is not easy to be accurately monitored and controlled, and further the fermentation effect of the cow dung and the quality of the regenerated padding are influenced. The patent CN108901873A, a cow dung biological drying method for producing aseptic cow bed padding, regenerates cow dung into padding by the methods of secondary physical extrusion of cow dung after solid-liquid separation, adding high-temperature drying bacteria and nutrient materials into dung slag, stacking, biological drying and the like. However, in the method, continuous feeding and discharging cannot be realized, the workload is large, the biological drying time is long, and the efficiency is low. On the other hand, the electric device in the process of treating and regenerating the bedding by cow dung needs external power supply, can not realize self-sufficiency of energy, and is also a great obstacle to the development of a novel cow dung regeneration bedding technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a full-automatic device and a process system for producing padding by recycling cow dung, which can realize continuous feeding and have zero energy consumption.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a device for producing padding by using cow dung comprises a reactor, a sterilization and humidity regulation system, a temperature and humidity control system and a feeding and discharging system; the sterilization and humidity regulation system comprises a rotating motor, a rotating bearing, a steel frame, a water tank, a water pump, a steam generator, a steam conveying pipeline, a steam rotating pipe and a nozzle, wherein the rotating motor is positioned at the top of the reactor, a rotating shaft of the rotating motor penetrates through the outer wall of the reactor and is positioned in the reactor, the steel frame is in rotating connection with the rotating shaft by virtue of the rotating bearing, the steam rotating pipe is fixed on the steel frame, and the nozzle is fixed on the steam rotating pipe; the water tank, the water pump and the steam generator are sequentially connected and positioned outside the reactor, and the steam outlet end of the steam generator is communicated with the steam rotating pipe by virtue of a steam conveying pipeline; the feeding and discharging system comprises a conveyor belt group, a discharging spiral conveyor, a storage chamber and a stirring device; the top of the reactor is provided with a feed inlet, and the bottom of the reactor is provided with a discharge outlet; the conveying belt set sequentially comprises an upper conveying belt, a middle conveying belt and a lower conveying belt from top to bottom, one end of the upper conveying belt is positioned below the feeding hole, one end of the middle conveying belt, which is close to the center of the reactor, is positioned above the middle conveying belt, one end of the middle conveying belt, which is close to the center of the reactor, is positioned above the lower conveying belt, the stirring device is fixed at the bottom of the steel frame, the discharging spiral conveyor is positioned below the stirring device, the storage chamber is positioned at the bottom of the reactor, and two ends of the storage chamber are respectively communicated with the discharging spiral conveyor and the discharging hole of the reactor; the temperature and humidity control system comprises a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, and the supports of the upper conveying belt, the middle conveying belt and the lower conveying belt are all provided with the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and an infrared height detector.
Furthermore, graphene heating plates are installed below the upper portions of the upper conveying belt, the middle conveying belt and the lower conveying belt, and microwave generators are installed on two sides of the upper conveying belt, the middle conveying belt and the lower conveying belt at equal intervals.
Furthermore, a partition plate is arranged above the upper conveying belt, and one end of the partition plate is fixed on the inner wall of the reactor.
Furthermore, the side wall of the reactor is also provided with a steam extraction device, and the outer wall of the reactor is wrapped with an insulating layer; the reactor is also provided with an air suction pump and an air heater outside, one end of the air heater is connected with the air suction pump, and the other end of the air heater is connected with the heat insulation layer of the reactor by means of a hot air transmission pipeline.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a solar power system, wherein the solar power system comprises a solar panel and an energy storage device, the solar panel is positioned at the top and the outer wall of the reactor, the energy storage device is positioned at the bottom side in the reactor, and the solar panel is connected with the energy storage device by virtue of a photoelectric conversion device.
Furthermore, the number of the conveyor belt groups is four, and the four conveyor belt groups are symmetrically distributed in the reactor.
Furthermore, the device is also provided with a central integrated control system, and the central integrated control system is used for controlling the sterilization and humidity control system, the temperature and humidity control system and the feeding and discharging system.
A process system for producing padding by using cow dung comprises the following steps:
A. before the materials enter the reactor, weighing the mass of the empty reactor by using a mass detector, and recording the mass as m 0;
B. the central integrated control system controls the upper conveying belt and the middle conveying belt to rotate towards the center of the reactor, the lower conveying belt to rotate towards the inner wall of the reactor, simultaneously materials after solid-liquid separation are input into the reactor from the feed inlet, and the upper conveying belt and the middle conveying belt convey the materials to the lower conveying belt and move towards the inner wall of the reactor along with the lower conveying belt; infrared height detector at lower conveyor beltWhen the height change near the inner wall is detected, the infrared height detector transmits a signal to the central integrated control system; the central integrated control system processes the signals and feeds back the signals to the middle conveyor belt and the lower conveyor belt, the lower conveyor belt finishes material conveying and stops rotating, and the middle conveyor belt rotates in the opposite direction; when the infrared height detector at the middle conveyor belt detects the height change at the position close to the inner wall, the infrared height detector transmits a signal to the central integrated control system; the central integrated control system processes the signals and feeds back the signals to the middle conveyor belt and the upper conveyor belt, the middle conveyor belt finishes material conveying and stops rotating, and the upper conveyor belt rotates in the opposite direction; when the infrared height detector at the upper conveying belt detects the height change at the position close to the inner wall, the infrared height detector transmits a signal to the central integrated control system, the central integrated control system processes the signal and feeds the signal back to the upper conveying belt, the upper conveying belt finishes material conveying and stops rotating, and feeding is finished; total mass of material and reactor, denoted m1；
C. After feeding is finished, starting a sterilization and humidity control system and a temperature and humidity control system, sterilizing the materials by using microwaves generated by a microwave generator, drying the materials by using an air heater and a graphene heating plate, and moisturizing and humidifying the inside of the reactor by using a steam generator; the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor detect the temperature and the humidity in the reactor on line in real time;
D. the sum of the mass of the material and the reactor is recorded at any moment and recorded as m2The mass of the material and the reactor with the water content of 30-40 percent is recorded as m3(ii) a When m is2Is equal to m3When the sterilization and drying are completed, the upper conveyor belt, the middle conveyor belt and the lower conveyor belt all start to rotate towards the center of the reactor, the material falls, and meanwhile, the discharge screw conveyor is started to realize automatic discharge;
E. when m is2Is equal to m0At that time, the re-feeding was started.
Further, the material is livestock manure, and the livestock manure is cow manure.
The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the cow dung is treated in a harmless and zero-energy consumption manner by microwave sterilization and high-temperature drying method, and the cow dung is recycled to regenerate the padding. The steam generator increases the relative humidity of the medium while increasing the temperature of the medium so as to maintain 45% of the environmental humidity of the reactor, and the purpose of uniformity of the internal and external dry humidity of the cow dung is achieved by adjusting the relation between the diffusion speed of the internal moisture and the evaporation speed of the surface moisture during drying of hot air. When the water content of the cow dung is higher than the internal humidity of the reactor, the water is transported to the environment by the cow dung; when the moisture content of the cow dung is lower than the humidity in the reactor, the moisture is transported to the cow dung from the environment.
The solar power system in the device can convert solar energy into electric energy, and the electric energy is stored in the energy storage device and is used by electric devices in equipment. The system realizes the self-sufficiency of the device energy consumption without external energy supply. Meanwhile, no gas pollutants and solid pollutants are generated in the solar photoelectric conversion process, and the requirement of clean production is met. Through utilizing central integrated control system to combine quality sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, infrared height detector etc. realized the full automatization of cow dung regeneration bedding and padding in-process, reduced the cost of labor of production, increased the income of plant. On the other hand, the temperature and the humidity in the control reactor that combine central integrated control system can be accurate through temperature sensor have guaranteed cow dung and have disinfected and the moisture content of drying process self, have improved the quality of cow dung regeneration bedding and padding.
Compared with a method for producing the padding by fermentation, the microwave sterilization-high temperature drying method is shorter in time, and the time cost of the cow dung regenerated padding is reduced; meanwhile, the rotating motor is adopted to drive the steam nozzle on the steel frame to rotate, so that cow dung at different positions in the reactor are in the same humidity field, and the cow dung at different positions has the same water content. Compared with a fermentation tank, the microwave sterilization and high-temperature heating device has the advantages of small occupied area, low modification cost of a farm and simple equipment operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a conveyor belt according to the invention;
wherein, 1 represents a solar panel, 2 represents an insulating layer, 3 represents a feeding hole, 4 represents a central integrated control system, 5 represents an energy storage device, 6 represents a storage chamber, 7 represents a discharging hole, 8 represents a discharging screw conveyor, 9-1 represents an upper conveying belt, 9-2 represents a middle conveying belt, 9-3 represents a lower conveying belt, 10 represents a microwave generator, 11 represents a graphene heating plate, 12 represents a temperature sensor, 13 represents a humidity sensor, 14 represents a partition plate, 15 represents a rotating motor, 16 represents a rotating bearing, 17 represents a nozzle, 18 represents a rotating shaft, 19 represents a steel frame, 20 represents, 21 represents a water tank, 22 represents a water pumping pump, 23 represents a steam generator, 24 represents a steam rotating pipe, 24-1 represents a steam conveying pipeline, 25 represents a pumping pump, 26 represents an air heater, 27 represents a hot air conveying pipeline, And 28, a steam extraction device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a device for producing padding by using cow dung comprises a reactor, a sterilization and humidity control system, a temperature and humidity control system and a feeding and discharging system; the sterilization and humidity regulation system comprises a rotating motor 15, a rotating bearing 16, a steel frame 19, a water tank 21, a water pumping pump 22, a steam generator 23, a steam conveying pipeline 24-1, a steam rotating pipe 24 and a nozzle 17, wherein the rotating motor 15 is positioned at the top of the reactor, a rotating shaft 18 of the rotating motor 15 penetrates through the outer wall of the reactor and is positioned in the reactor, the steel frame 19 is in rotating connection with the rotating shaft 18 through the rotating bearing 16, the steam rotating pipe 21 is fixed on the steel frame 19, and the nozzle 17 is fixed on the steam rotating pipe 21; the water tank 21, the water pump 22 and the steam generator 23 are sequentially connected and positioned outside the reactor, and the steam outlet end of the steam generator 23 is communicated with the steam rotary pipe 21 by virtue of a steam conveying pipeline 24-1; the feeding and discharging system comprises a conveyor belt group, a discharging spiral conveyor 8, a storage chamber 6 and a stirring device 20; the top of the reactor is provided with a feed inlet 3, and the bottom of the reactor is provided with a discharge outlet 7; the conveying belt set sequentially comprises an upper conveying belt 9-1, a middle conveying belt 9-2 and a lower conveying belt 9-3 from top to bottom, one end of the upper conveying belt 9-1 is located below the feeding hole 3, one end of the middle conveying belt, close to the center of the reactor, is located obliquely above the middle conveying belt 9-2, one end of the middle conveying belt 9-2, close to the center of the reactor, is located obliquely above the lower conveying belt 9-3, the stirring device 20 is fixed at the bottom of the steel frame 19, the discharging spiral conveyor 8 is located below the stirring device 20, the storage chamber 6 is located at the bottom of the reactor, and two ends of the storage chamber 6 are respectively communicated with the discharging spiral conveyor 8 and the discharging hole 7 of the reactor; the temperature and humidity control system comprises a temperature sensor 12 and a humidity sensor 13, and the temperature sensor 12, the humidity sensor 13 and an infrared height detector are arranged on the supports of the upper conveying belt 9-1, the middle conveying belt 9-2 and the lower conveying belt 9-3.
Graphene heating plates 11 are arranged below the upper portions of the upper conveyor belt 9-1, the middle conveyor belt 9-2 and the lower conveyor belt 9-3, and microwave generators 10 are arranged on two sides of the upper conveyor belt 9-1, the middle conveyor belt 9-2 and the lower conveyor belt 9-3 at equal intervals. A partition plate 14 is arranged above the upper conveying belt 9-1, and one end of the partition plate 14 is fixed on the inner wall of the reactor. The side wall of the reactor is also provided with a steam extraction device 28, and the outer wall of the reactor is wrapped with an insulating layer 2; an air suction pump 25 and an air heater 26 are arranged outside the reactor, one end of the air heater 26 is connected with the air suction pump 25, and the other end of the air heater 26 is connected with the heat-insulating layer 2 of the reactor through a hot air transmission pipeline 27.
The device also comprises a solar power system, wherein the solar power system comprises a solar panel 1 and an energy storage device 5, the solar panel 1 is positioned at the top and the outer wall of the reactor, the energy storage device 5 is positioned at the bottom side in the reactor, and the solar panel 1 is connected with the energy storage device 5 by virtue of a photoelectric conversion device. The number of the conveyor belt groups is four, and the four conveyor belt groups are symmetrically distributed in the reactor.
The device is also provided with a central integrated control system 4, and the central integrated control system is used for controlling the sterilization and humidity regulation system, the temperature and humidity control system and the feeding and discharging system.
In the specific implementation: a process system for producing padding by utilizing cow dung recycling comprises the following steps:
A. before the cow dung material enters the reactor, weighing the mass of the empty reactor by using a mass detector, and recording the mass as m 0;
B. the central integrated control system 4 controls the upper conveyor belt 9-1 and the middle conveyor belt 9-2 to rotate towards the center of the reactor, the lower conveyor belt 9-3 to rotate towards the inner wall of the reactor, simultaneously, cow dung materials after solid-liquid separation are input into the reactor from a feed inlet, the cow dung materials are conveyed to the lower conveyor belt 9-3 by the upper conveyor belt 9-1 and the middle conveyor belt 9-2 and move towards the inner wall of the reactor along with the lower conveyor belt 9-3; when the infrared height detector at the lower conveyor belt 9-3 detects the height change at the position close to the inner wall, the infrared height detector transmits a signal to the central integrated control system 4; the central integrated control system 4 processes the signals and feeds back the signals to the middle conveyor belt 9-2 and the lower conveyor belt 9-3, the lower conveyor belt 9-3 finishes the conveyance of cow dung materials and stops rotating, and the middle conveyor belt 9-2 rotates in the opposite direction; when the infrared height detector at the middle conveyor belt 9-2 detects the height change at the position close to the inner wall, the infrared height detector transmits a signal to the central integrated control system 4; the central integrated control system 4 processes the signals and feeds back the signals to the middle conveyor belt 9-2 and the upper conveyor belt 9-1, the middle conveyor belt 9-2 finishes the conveyance of cow dung materials and stops rotating, and the upper conveyor belt 9-1 rotates in the opposite direction; when the infrared height detector at the upper conveying belt 9-1 detects the height change at the position close to the inner wall, the infrared height detector transmits a signal to the central integrated control system 4, the central integrated control system 4 processes the signal and feeds the signal back to the upper conveying belt 9-1, the upper conveying belt 9-1 finishes the conveying of cow dung materials and stops rotating, and the feeding is finished; the total mass of the material and the reactor with a water content of 70% is recorded as m1；
C. After the feeding is finished, starting a sterilization and humidity control system and a temperature and humidity control system, sterilizing the cow dung material by using the microwaves generated by a microwave generator 10, drying the cow dung material by using an air heater 26 and a graphene heating plate 11, and supplementing water and humidifying in the reactor by using a steam generator 23; the temperature sensor 12 and the humidity sensor 13 detect the temperature and the humidity in the reactor on line in real time;
D. the sum of the mass of the material and the reactor is recorded at any moment and recorded as m2The mass of the material and the reactor with the water content of 30-40 percent is recorded as m3(ii) a When m is2Is equal to m3When sterilization and drying are completed, the upper conveyor belt 9-1, the middle conveyor belt 9-2 and the lower conveyor belt 9-3 all start to rotate towards the center of the reactor, materials fall down, and meanwhile, the discharge spiral conveyor 8 starts to realize automatic discharge;
E. when m is2Is equal to m0At that time, the re-feeding was started.
A part of the solar panels 1 are arranged on the south side of the reactor and mainly supply power to the conveyor belt group, the air suction pump 25, the water suction pump 22 and the like; the other part of the solar panel 1 is arranged at the top of the reactor, the inclination angle of the solar panel 1 is realized through the rotating bearing and the movable support, the solar panel 1 is always positioned on the direct irradiation surface of the sun, the highest light energy utilization rate of the solar panel 1 is ensured, and the solar panel mainly supplies power to the rotating motor 15, the steam nozzle 17 and the central integrated control system 4.
The steam conveying pipeline 24-1 and the hot air conveying pipeline 27 are wrapped by heat insulation devices, so that the steam and the hot air in the pipelines can be prevented from carrying out convection heat exchange with the air outside the pipelines, and the steam condensation or the hot air temperature reduction can be avoided.
A partition plate 14 is arranged at the feed inlet 3 to ensure that the cow dung on the conveyor belt group is proper in thickness and is uniformly spread on the conveyor belt, or the continuous linear feeding of the cow dung by the feeder is ensured by calibrating the spiral feeder; the speed of the screw feeder and the conveyor belt was adjusted. The sterilizing effect of the microwave on the cow dung and the drying effect of the heating plate on the cow dung are ensured. The graphene heating plate 11 can realize rapid temperature rise and has stable temperature at a constant temperature stage. The microwave generators 10 are arranged on two sides of the conveying belt at fixed intervals, so that cow dung at different positions of the conveying belt has a good sterilization effect. The conveying belt group is controlled by the relay, so that the rotating wheel of the conveying belt can change the rotating direction according to different conditions, and the automation and the continuous feeding and discharging of the cow dung are ensured.
The steam nozzle 17 is arranged on the steel frame 19, and the rotation of the steel frame 19 can ensure that the steam sprayed by the steam nozzle 17 is more uniformly distributed in the reactor so as to ensure the water content of the cow dung in the sterilization and fire-extinguishing process; the steam nozzle 17 should be made of stainless steel material, which is not easy to rust and corrode in the humid environment of the reactor, ensuring the service life of the nozzle. The rotating shaft 18 and the steel frame 19 are made of corrosion-resistant materials, such as fluorine plastic steel, stainless steel and the like, so as to ensure that the rotating shaft and the steel frame are not corroded and rusted in the humid environment of the reactor; the steam nozzle 17 and the outer surface of the microwave generator 10 should be coated with an anticorrosive material, which also ensures that they are not corroded and rusted in the moist environment of the reactor, ensuring the life of the equipment.
Firstly, due to the centripetal force, the steam sprayed by the steam nozzle 17 can be spread to a far place, and the required water content effect of the cow dung at each place can be ensured. Secondly, due to the rotation of the steel frame 19, the temperature field and the humidity field in the reactor are distributed uniformly, so that the cow dung on different layers of conveyor belts and the cow dung on the same layer and different positions are ensured to be in the same environment, and the cow dung after the sterilization and drying treatment has no difference.
The stirring device 20 extends into the cow dung to prevent the sterilized and dried cow dung from generating surface shell phenomenon in the storage chamber 6, so that the breeding of anaerobic bacteria caused by heat transfer blockage and temperature rise in the cow dung and oxygen deficiency is avoided, and the cow dung after sterilization and drying is prevented from generating odor.
And in the microwave sterilization stage, the temperature sensor 12 and the humidity sensor 13 detect the temperature and the humidity in the reactor on line in real time. If the temperature is too low, the temperature sensor 13 transmits a signal to the control system, the control system processes the signal and feeds back the signal to the graphene heating plate 10 controller, the graphene heating plate 10 is started until the target temperature is reached, the temperature sensor 12 transmits a signal to the control system, and the control system processes the signal and closes the graphene heating plate 10. In the monitoring process, if the humidity sensor 13 detects that the humidity in the reactor is higher than the required humidity, the signal is transmitted to the control system, the control system processes the signal, feeds back the signal to the controller of the steam extraction device 28, and starts the steam extraction device 28 to remove the water vapor; if the humidity sensor 13 detects that the humidity in the reactor is lower than the required humidity, the humidity sensor 13 will send a signal to the control system, which will process it and send a feedback signal to the water pump 22 and the steam generator 23, which will both start to operate. The water pump 22 pumps water into the steam generator 23, the water is heated to become steam, and reaches the steam nozzle 17 of each layer of steel frame 19 through the steam conveying pipeline 24-1 to humidify the water in the reactor. And (3) until the microwave sterilization is finished, transmitting the signal to a control system by the controller of the microwave generator 11, processing the signal by the control system, transmitting the feedback signal to the controller of the microwave generator 11, and closing the microwave generator 11. At this point, the microwave sterilization phase is ended.
After microwave sterilization is completed, the control system sends a signal to the graphene heating plate controller to excite the graphene heating plate 10 to heat cow dung on the conveyor belt group. At this point, the process enters a third stage, the high temperature heating stage. Graphite alkene hot plate 10 begins work, heats the cow dung on the conveyer belt group, and after reaching the requirement temperature, temperature sensor 12 signals to control system, and control system handles it to with feedback signal transmission to graphite alkene hot plate controller, graphite alkene hot plate 10 no longer heaies up, keeps the constant temperature state. In the high-temperature drying process, the working modes of the temperature sensor 12 and the humidity sensor 13 are the same as those in the microwave sterilization stage, the temperature and the humidity in the reactor are monitored in real time, and the temperature and the humidity in the reactor are adjusted. At the same time, a mass sensor installed between the support and the reactor monitors the reactor mass in real time, denoted m2. Meanwhile, the mass of the cow dung with the water content of 30-40 percent and the mass of the reactor are recorded as m3. Comparing m by computer2And m3And (4) judging whether the drying is finished or not. If m2Is close to m3Then the computer sends a signal to the graphene heating plate controller to stop the operation of the graphene heating plate 10. Thus, the high-temperature drying is completed.
The quality sensor sends a signal to the control system, the control system processes the signal and sends a feedback signal to the controller of the conveyor belt group, the graphene heating plate controller and the rotating motorA machine controller and a bottom screw feeder controller. The graphene heating plate controller and the rotating motor controller stop corresponding equipment to work, and the conveying belt group controller starts the conveying belt group to work. At this point, the 4 th stage discharge was entered. Firstly, exciting a lower conveyor belt 9-3 to rotate, and pouring a third layer of cow dung into a storage chamber 6; the cow dung dropped by the middle conveyor belt 9-2 stays in the lower conveyor belt 9-3 for a short time and then falls into the storage chamber 6; and finally, opening the upper conveyor belt 9-1, and pouring the cow dung in the upper conveyor belt 9-1 into the storage chamber 6 in the same way. Finally, the detection mass m at the mass sensor2Approximate reactor mass m0And after the continuous period of time is not changed, an instruction is sent to the computer, the control system processes the instruction, a feedback signal is sent to the conveyor belt group controller, the conveyor belt group stops working, and a new production process is started.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an utilize device of cow dung production bedding and padding which characterized in that: comprises a reactor, a sterilization and humidity regulation system, a temperature and humidity control system and a feeding and discharging system; the sterilization and humidity regulation system comprises a rotating motor (15), a rotating bearing (16), a steel frame (19), a water tank (21), a water pumping pump (22), a steam generator (23), a steam conveying pipeline (24-1), a steam rotating pipe (24) and a nozzle (17), wherein the rotating motor (15) is positioned at the top of the reactor, a rotating shaft (18) of the rotating motor (15) penetrates through the outer wall of the reactor and is positioned in the reactor, the steel frame (19) is in rotating connection with the rotating shaft (18) through the rotating bearing (16), the steam rotating pipe (21) is fixed on the steel frame (19), and the nozzle (17) is fixed on the steam rotating pipe (21); the water tank (21), the water pumping pump (22) and the steam generator (23) are sequentially connected and positioned outside the reactor, and the steam outlet end of the steam generator (23) is communicated with the steam rotary pipe (21) by virtue of a steam conveying pipeline (24-1); the feeding and discharging system comprises a conveyor belt group, a discharging spiral conveyor (8), a storage chamber (6) and a stirring device (20); the top of the reactor is provided with a feed inlet (3), and the bottom of the reactor is provided with a discharge outlet (7); the conveying belt set sequentially comprises an upper conveying belt (9-1), a middle conveying belt (9-2) and a lower conveying belt (9-3) from top to bottom, one end of the upper conveying belt (9-1) is located below the feeding port (3), one end of the upper conveying belt close to the center of the reactor is located obliquely above the middle conveying belt (9-2), one end of the middle conveying belt (9-2) close to the center of the reactor is located obliquely above the lower conveying belt (9-3), the stirring device (20) is fixed at the bottom of the steel frame (19), the discharging spiral conveyor (8) is located below the stirring device (20), the material storage chamber (6) is located at the bottom of the reactor, and two ends of the material storage chamber (6) are respectively communicated with the discharging spiral conveyor (8) and the discharging port (7) of the reactor; the temperature and humidity control system comprises a temperature sensor (12) and a humidity sensor (13), and the temperature sensor (12), the humidity sensor (13) and an infrared height detector are arranged on the supports of the upper conveying belt (9-1), the middle conveying belt (9-2) and the lower conveying belt (9-3);
graphene heating plates (11) are arranged below the upper portions of the upper conveying belt (9-1), the middle conveying belt (9-2) and the lower conveying belt (9-3), and microwave generators (10) are arranged on two sides of the upper conveying belt (9-1), the middle conveying belt (9-2) and the lower conveying belt (9-3) at equal intervals.
2. The apparatus for producing bedding using cow dung as set forth in claim 1, wherein: a partition plate (14) is arranged above the upper conveying belt (9-1), and one end of the partition plate (14) is fixed on the inner wall of the reactor.
3. The apparatus for producing bedding using cow dung as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the side wall of the reactor is also provided with a steam extraction device (28), and the outer wall of the reactor is wrapped with an insulating layer (2); an air suction pump (25) and an air heater (26) are further arranged outside the reactor, one end of the air heater (26) is connected with the air suction pump (25), and the other end of the air heater is connected with the heat insulation layer (2) of the reactor through a hot air transmission pipeline (27).
4. The apparatus for producing bedding using cow dung as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a solar power system, wherein the solar power system comprises a solar panel (1) and an energy storage device (5), the solar panel (1) is positioned at the top and the outer wall of the reactor, the energy storage device (5) is positioned at the bottom side inside the reactor, and the solar panel (1) is connected with the energy storage device (5) by means of a photoelectric conversion device.
5. The apparatus for producing bedding using cow dung as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the number of the conveyor belt groups is four, and the four conveyor belt groups are symmetrically distributed in the reactor.
6. The apparatus for producing bedding using cow dung as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the device is also provided with a central integrated control system (4) which is used for controlling the sterilization and humidity regulation system, the temperature and humidity control system and the feeding and discharging system.
7. A process system for producing padding by using cow dung is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A. before the material enters the reactor, the empty reactor mass is weighed by a mass detector and is recorded as m0；
B. The central integrated control system (4) controls the upper conveyor belt (9-1) and the middle conveyor belt (9-2) to rotate towards the center of the reactor, the lower conveyor belt (9-3) to rotate towards the inner wall of the reactor, simultaneously materials after solid-liquid separation are input into the reactor from the feed inlet, the upper conveyor belt (9-1) and the middle conveyor belt (9-2) transport the materials onto the lower conveyor belt (9-3) and move towards the inner wall of the reactor along with the lower conveyor belt (9-3); when the conveyor belt (9)-3) the infrared height detector transmits a signal to the central integrated control system (4) when it detects a change in height near the inner wall; the central integrated control system (4) processes the signals and feeds back the signals to the middle conveyor belt (9-2) and the lower conveyor belt (9-3), the lower conveyor belt (9-3) finishes material conveying and stops rotating, and the middle conveyor belt (9-2) rotates in the opposite direction; when the infrared height detector at the middle conveyor belt (9-2) detects the height change at the position close to the inner wall, the infrared height detector transmits a signal to the central integrated control system (4); the central integrated control system (4) processes the signals and feeds back the signals to the middle conveyor belt (9-2) and the upper conveyor belt (9-1), the middle conveyor belt (9-2) finishes material conveying and stops rotating, and the upper conveyor belt (9-1) rotates in the opposite direction; when the infrared height detector at the upper conveying belt (9-1) detects the height change at the position close to the inner wall, the infrared height detector transmits a signal to the central integrated control system (4), the central integrated control system (4) processes the signal and feeds the signal back to the upper conveying belt (9-1), the upper conveying belt (9-1) finishes material conveying and stops rotating, and feeding is finished; total mass of material and reactor, denoted m1；
C. After feeding is finished, starting a sterilization and humidity control system and a temperature and humidity control system, sterilizing the materials by using microwaves generated by a microwave generator (10), drying the materials by using an air heater (26) and a graphene heating plate (11), and supplementing water and humidifying in a reactor by using a steam generator (23); the temperature sensor (12) and the humidity sensor (13) detect the temperature and the humidity in the reactor on line in real time;
D. the sum of the mass of the material and the reactor is recorded at any moment and recorded as m2The mass of the material and the reactor with the water content of 30-40 percent is recorded as m3(ii) a When m is2Is equal to m3When sterilization and drying are completed, the upper conveyor belt (9-1), the middle conveyor belt (9-2) and the lower conveyor belt (9-3) all start to rotate towards the center of the reactor, materials fall down, and meanwhile, the discharge spiral conveyor (8) is started to realize automatic discharge;
E. when m is2Is equal to m0At the beginning ofAnd (4) feeding again.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the system comprises: the material is livestock and poultry manure which is cow manure.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114868750A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-09 | 中国农业大学 | Application of allicin in production of cow dung recycled padding, bactericide and preparation method thereof, and production method of cow dung recycled padding |
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