CN114568323B - Device and process system for producing padding by utilizing cow dung - Google Patents
Device and process system for producing padding by utilizing cow dung Download PDFInfo
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- CN114568323B CN114568323B CN202210107672.7A CN202210107672A CN114568323B CN 114568323 B CN114568323 B CN 114568323B CN 202210107672 A CN202210107672 A CN 202210107672A CN 114568323 B CN114568323 B CN 114568323B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/12—Microwaves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/24—Apparatus using programmed or automatic operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G15/00—Conveyors having endless load-conveying surfaces, i.e. belts and like continuous members, to which tractive effort is transmitted by means other than endless driving elements of similar configuration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G33/00—Screw or rotary spiral conveyors
- B65G33/24—Details
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G43/00—Control devices, e.g. for safety, warning or fault-correcting
- B65G43/08—Control devices operated by article or material being fed, conveyed or discharged
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/02—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
- F26B23/04—Heating arrangements using electric heating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
- G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention provides a device for producing padding by utilizing cow dung, which comprises a reactor, a sterilization and humidity control system, a temperature and humidity control system and a feeding and discharging system; the sterilization and humidity control system comprises a rotating motor, a rotating bearing, a steel frame, a water tank, a water pump, a steam generator, a steam conveying pipeline, a steam rotating pipe and a nozzle, wherein the rotating motor is positioned at the top of the reactor, a rotating shaft of the rotating motor penetrates through the outer wall of the reactor and is positioned inside the reactor, the steel frame is rotationally connected with the rotating shaft by virtue of the rotating bearing, the steam rotating pipe is fixed on the steel frame, and the nozzle is fixed on the steam rotating pipe. The invention carries out harmless and zero-energy-consumption treatment on cow dung by a microwave sterilization and high-temperature drying method, and recycles the cow dung to recycle the padding, thereby solving the problem of ecological environment pollution of the cow dung to the periphery of a farm, and simultaneously providing a method for producing high-quality padding with low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock manure treatment, and particularly relates to a device and a process system for producing padding by using cow manure.
Background
According to the year's authentication of statistics in China in 2020, the number of cattle raised in the Chinese animal husbandry reaches 9138.3 ten thousand by 2019. With the rapid increase of the number of cattle cultivated in China and the increase of large-scale and intensive dairy farms and communities, the manure generated by the cattle is increased along with the increase, the number of the manure is higher than 1.82 hundred million tons, and meanwhile, the problem that the manure is difficult to reasonably treat is increasingly serious, and the manure causes great harm to ecological environments and mass life around the farms and also restricts the development of domestic animal husbandry. Therefore, the environment-friendly treatment of cow dung is one of the most critical problems faced by the livestock industry in China at present.
On the other hand, the quality of the cattle bedding is directly related to the health problems of the cattle. But the price of the cattle mattress material is increased increasingly, and the cattle raising cost is greatly increased. Therefore, it is urgent to find a production method of low-cost high-quality bovine mattress material.
Researches indicate that the cow dung regenerated padding is more comfortable than straw, sand, sawdust and the like, but a large amount of bacteria exist in cow dung, and the cow dung regenerated padding which is not sterilized increases the prevalence rate of cow limb and hoof diseases. Meanwhile, the optimal humidity of the cow dung regenerated padding is 40% -50%, and the overall water content of the cow dung after simple solid-liquid separation is about 75%, but by adopting traditional cow dung drying equipment, the drying speed of the cow dung is influenced by the difference value between instantaneous water and equilibrium water corresponding to the drying condition in the drying process. The ideal drying process is that the internal moisture diffusion speed of cow dung controlled by the difference is equal to the surface moisture evaporation speed controlled by the hot air drying potential, but in the actual drying process, the surface moisture evaporation speed controlled by the hot air drying potential is generally larger than the internal moisture diffusion speed of cow dung controlled by the difference, which is called an internal control phenomenon. Therefore, finding a green, environment-friendly and high-efficiency method for treating cow dung has important significance for developing cow dung recycling padding technology.
Up to now, numerous scholars at home and abroad develop a great deal of researches on cow dung regenerated padding, and also invent a plurality of processes and devices for producing cow dung regenerated padding, which are mainly divided into two types: directly heating and fermenting. The patent- (method for producing environment-friendly padding by utilizing dairy waste (CN 104557168A) mainly comprises the steps of fermenting dairy waste after solid-liquid separation in a stacking and turning mode, and adjusting moisture of manure residues to obtain the padding. However, the method is not easy to accurately monitor and control the temperature in the stack due to large stacking amount, so that the fermentation effect of cow dung and the quality of regenerated padding are affected. The patent- "cow dung biological drying method for producing aseptic cow dung bedding material" (CN 108901873A) regenerates cow dung into bedding material by means of twice physical extrusion of cow dung after solid-liquid separation, adding high-temperature drying bacteria and nutrient material into manure residue, piling up, biological drying and the like. However, in the method, continuous feeding and discharging cannot be realized, the workload is large, and meanwhile, the biological drying time is long and the efficiency is low. On the other hand, the electric device in the cow dung treatment and regeneration padding process needs external power supply, can not realize self-sufficiency of energy, and is also a great obstacle for developing novel cow dung regeneration padding technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a device and a process system for producing padding by recycling cow dung, which are full-automatic, can realize continuous feeding and have zero energy consumption.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a device for producing padding by utilizing cow dung comprises a reactor, a sterilization and humidity control system, a temperature and humidity control system and a feeding and discharging system; the sterilization and humidity control system comprises a rotating motor, a rotating bearing, a steel frame, a water tank, a water pump, a steam generator, a steam conveying pipeline, a steam rotating pipe and a nozzle, wherein the rotating motor is positioned at the top of the reactor, a rotating shaft of the rotating motor penetrates through the outer wall of the reactor and is positioned in the reactor, the steel frame is in rotating connection with the rotating shaft by virtue of the rotating bearing, the steam rotating pipe is fixed on the steel frame, and the nozzle is fixed on the steam rotating pipe; the water tank, the water pump and the steam generator are sequentially connected and positioned outside the reactor, and the steam outlet end of the steam generator is communicated with the steam rotating pipe by means of a steam conveying pipeline; the feeding and discharging system comprises a conveyor belt group, a discharging spiral conveyor, a storage chamber and a stirring device; the top of the reactor is provided with a feed inlet, and the bottom of the reactor is provided with a discharge outlet; the conveying belt set sequentially comprises an upper conveying belt, a middle conveying belt and a lower conveying belt from top to bottom, one end of the upper conveying belt is positioned below the feed inlet, one end of the upper conveying belt, which is close to the center of the reactor, is positioned obliquely above the middle conveying belt, one end of the middle conveying belt, which is close to the center of the reactor, is positioned obliquely above the lower conveying belt, the stirring device is fixed at the bottom of the steel frame, the discharging screw conveyor is positioned below the stirring device, the storage chamber is positioned at the bottom of the reactor, and two ends of the storage chamber are respectively communicated with the discharging screw conveyor and the discharge outlet of the reactor; the temperature and humidity control system comprises a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, and the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the infrared height detector are arranged on the supports of the upper conveyor belt, the middle conveyor belt and the lower conveyor belt.
Further, a graphene heating plate is arranged below the upper part of the upper conveyor belt, the middle conveyor belt and the lower conveyor belt, and microwave generators are arranged on two sides of the upper conveyor belt, the middle conveyor belt and the lower conveyor belt at equal intervals.
Further, a baffle plate is arranged above the upper conveyor belt, and one end of the baffle plate is fixed on the inner wall of the reactor.
Further, the side wall of the reactor is also provided with a steam extraction device, and the outer wall of the reactor is wrapped with a heat preservation layer; the reactor is also provided with an air pump and an air heater, one end of the air heater is connected with the air pump, and the other end of the air heater is connected with the heat preservation layer of the reactor by means of a hot air transmission pipeline.
Further, the device also comprises a solar power system, the solar power system comprises a solar panel and an energy storage device, the solar panel is positioned at the top and the outer wall of the reactor, the energy storage device is positioned at the bottom side inside the reactor, and the solar panel is connected with the energy storage device by virtue of a photoelectric conversion device.
Further, the number of the conveyor belt groups is four, and the four conveyor belt groups are symmetrically distributed in the reactor.
Further, the device is also provided with a central integrated control system, and the central integrated control system is used for controlling the sterilization and humidity control system, the temperature and humidity control system and the material inlet and outlet system.
A process system for producing padding by using cow dung, comprising the following steps:
A. before the materials enter the reactor, weighing the empty reactor mass by using a mass detector, and marking the empty reactor mass as m0;
B. the upper conveyor belt and the middle conveyor belt are controlled by a central integrated control system to rotate towards the center of the reactor, the lower conveyor belt rotates towards the inner wall of the reactor, and simultaneously, materials after solid-liquid separation are input into the reactor through a feed inlet, transported onto the lower conveyor belt by the upper conveyor belt and the middle conveyor belt and move towards the inner wall of the reactor along with the lower conveyor belt; when the infrared height detector at the lower conveyor belt detects the height change at the position close to the inner wall, the infrared height detector transmits a signal to the central integrated control system; the central integrated control system processes the signals and feeds back the signals to the middle conveyor belt and the lower conveyor belt, the lower conveyor belt finishes material conveying and stops rotating, and the middle conveyor belt rotates in the opposite direction; when the infrared height detector at the middle conveyor belt detects the height change at the position close to the inner wall, the infrared height detector transmits a signal to the central integrated control system; the central integrated control system processes the signals and feeds back the signals to the middle conveyor belt and the upper conveyor belt, the middle conveyor belt finishes material conveying and stops rotating, and the upper conveyor belt rotates in the opposite direction; when the infrared height detector at the upper conveyor belt detects the height change at the position close to the inner wall, the infrared height detector transmits signals to the central integrated control system, the central integrated control system processes the signals and feeds back the signals to the upper conveyor belt, the upper conveyor belt finishes material conveying and stops rotating, and feeding is finished; the total mass of the material and the reactor is denoted as m 1;
C. after the feeding is finished, a sterilization and humidity control system and a temperature and humidity control system are started, the materials are sterilized by microwaves generated by a microwave generator, the materials are dried by an air heater and a graphene heating plate, and the inside of the reactor is supplemented with water and humidified by a steam generator; the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor detect the temperature and the humidity in the reactor on line in real time;
D. recording the sum of the materials and the mass of the reactor at the moment, marking m 2, and marking the materials with the water content of 30-40% and the mass of the reactor as m 3; when m 2 is equal to m 3, sterilization and drying are completed, the upper conveyor belt, the middle conveyor belt and the lower conveyor belt all start to rotate towards the center of the reactor, materials fall down, and meanwhile, the discharging screw conveyor is started to realize automatic discharging;
E. when m 2 equals m0, the re-feed is started.
Further, the material is livestock manure, and the livestock manure is cow manure.
The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows: the invention carries out harmless and zero-energy-consumption treatment on cow dung by a microwave sterilization and high-temperature drying method, and recycles the cow dung to recycle the padding, thereby solving the problem of ecological environment pollution of the cow dung to the periphery of a farm, and simultaneously providing a method for producing high-quality padding with low cost. The steam generator improves the medium temperature and the medium relative humidity at the same time so as to maintain the 45% environment humidity of the reactor, and the aim of uniformity of the inner and outer dryness and humidity of the cow dung is achieved by adjusting the relationship between the internal moisture diffusion speed and the surface moisture evaporation speed controlled by hot air drying. When the moisture content of the cow dung is higher than the internal humidity of the reactor, the moisture is transported to the environment by the cow dung; when the moisture content of the cow dung is lower than the internal humidity of the reactor, the moisture is transported from the environment to the inside of the cow dung.
The solar power system in the device can convert solar energy into electric energy, and the electric energy is stored in the energy storage device for electric devices in the equipment. The system realizes 'self-sufficiency' of energy consumption of the device, and no external energy source is supplied. Meanwhile, gas pollutants and solid pollutants are not generated in the solar photoelectric conversion process, so that the requirement of clean production is met. By utilizing a central integrated control system in combination with a quality sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, an infrared height detector and the like, full automation in the cow dung recycling padding process is realized, the labor cost of production is reduced, and the income of a farm is increased. On the other hand, the temperature and the humidity in the reactor can be accurately controlled by combining the temperature sensor with the central integrated control system, so that the water content of the cow dung in the sterilization and drying processes is ensured, and the quality of the cow dung regeneration padding is improved.
Compared with the method for producing the padding by fermentation, the microwave sterilization-high-temperature drying method is shorter in time and cost for throwing the cow dung regenerated padding is reduced; meanwhile, the rotating motor is adopted to drive the steam nozzle on the steel frame to rotate, so that cow dung at different positions in the reactor is in the same humidity field, and the cow dung at different positions is guaranteed to have the same water content. Compared with a fermentation tank, the microwave sterilization-high-temperature heating device has the advantages of small occupied area, low farm transformation cost and simple equipment operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a conveyor belt according to the present invention;
wherein 1 represents solar panel, 2 represents heat preservation layer, 3 represents feed inlet, 4 represents central integrated control system, 5 represents energy storage device, 6 represents storage chamber, 7 represents discharge outlet, 8 represents discharge screw conveyor, 9-1 represents upper conveyor belt, 9-2 represents middle conveyor belt, 9-3 represents lower conveyor belt, 10 represents microwave generator, 11 represents graphene heating plate, 12 represents temperature sensor, 13 represents humidity sensor, 14 represents baffle, 15 represents rotating motor, 16 represents rotating bearing, 17 represents nozzle, 18 represents rotating shaft, 19 represents steelframe, 20 represents, 21 represents water tank, 22 represents water pump, 23 represents steam generator, 24 represents steam rotating pipe, 24-1 represents steam delivery pipeline, 25 represents air pump, 26 represents air heater, 27 represents hot air transmission pipeline, 28 represents steam extraction device.
Description of the embodiments
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
1-2, a device for producing padding by using cow dung comprises a reactor, a sterilization and humidity control system, a temperature and humidity control system and a feeding and discharging system; the sterilization and humidity control system comprises a rotating motor 15, a rotating bearing 16, a steel frame 19, a water tank 21, a water pump 22, a steam generator 23, a steam conveying pipeline 24-1, a steam rotating pipe 24 and a nozzle 17, wherein the rotating motor 15 is positioned at the top of the reactor, a rotating shaft 18 of the rotating motor 15 penetrates through the outer wall of the reactor and is positioned in the reactor, the steel frame 19 is in rotating connection with the rotating shaft 18 by virtue of the rotating bearing 16, the steam rotating pipe 24 is fixed on the steel frame 19, and the nozzle 17 is fixed on the steam rotating pipe 24; the water tank 21, the water pump 22 and the steam generator 23 are sequentially connected and positioned outside the reactor, and the steam outlet end of the steam generator 23 is communicated with the steam rotating pipe 24 by means of the steam conveying pipeline 24-1; the feeding and discharging system comprises a conveyor belt group, a discharging screw conveyor 8, a storage chamber 6 and a stirring device 20; the top of the reactor is provided with a feed inlet 3, and the bottom of the reactor is provided with a discharge outlet 7; the conveyor belt group sequentially comprises an upper conveyor belt 9-1, a middle conveyor belt 9-2 and a lower conveyor belt 9-3 from top to bottom, one end of the upper conveyor belt 9-1 is positioned below the feed inlet 3, one end of the upper conveyor belt close to the center of the reactor is positioned obliquely above the middle conveyor belt 9-2, one end of the middle conveyor belt 9-2 close to the center of the reactor is positioned obliquely above the lower conveyor belt 9-3, the stirring device 20 is fixed at the bottom of the steel frame 19, the discharging screw conveyor 8 is positioned below the stirring device 20, the storage chamber 6 is positioned at the bottom of the reactor, and two ends of the storage chamber 6 are respectively communicated with the discharging screw conveyor 8 and the discharge outlet 7 of the reactor; the temperature and humidity control system comprises a temperature sensor 12 and a humidity sensor 13, and the temperature sensor 12, the humidity sensor 13 and an infrared height detector are arranged on the supports of the upper conveyor belt 9-1, the middle conveyor belt 9-2 and the lower conveyor belt 9-3.
The graphene heating plates 11 are arranged below the upper parts of the upper conveyor belt 9-1, the middle conveyor belt 9-2 and the lower conveyor belt 9-3, and the microwave generators 10 are arranged on two sides of the upper conveyor belt 9-1, the middle conveyor belt 9-2 and the lower conveyor belt 9-3 at equal intervals. A partition plate 14 is arranged above the upper conveyor belt 9-1, and one end of the partition plate 14 is fixed on the inner wall of the reactor. The side wall of the reactor is also provided with a steam extraction device 28, and the outer wall of the reactor is wrapped with a heat preservation layer 2; the reactor is also provided with an air pump 25 and an air heater 26, one end of the air heater 26 is connected with the air pump 25, and the other end is connected with the heat preservation layer 2 of the reactor by means of a hot air transmission pipeline 27.
The device also comprises a solar power system, the solar power system comprises a solar panel 1 and an energy storage device 5, the solar panel 1 is positioned at the top and the outer wall of the reactor, the energy storage device 5 is positioned at the bottom side inside the reactor, and the solar panel 1 is connected with the energy storage device 5 by virtue of a photoelectric conversion device. The number of the conveyor belt groups is four, and the four conveyor belt groups are symmetrically distributed in the reactor.
The device is also provided with a central integrated control system 4, and the central integrated control system is used for controlling a sterilization and humidity control system, a temperature and humidity control system and a material inlet and outlet system.
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps: a process system for producing padding by recycling cow dung comprises the following steps:
A. before cow dung enters the reactor, weighing the empty reactor mass by using a mass detector, and marking the empty reactor mass as m0;
B. the upper conveyor belt 9-1 and the middle conveyor belt 9-2 are controlled to rotate towards the center of the reactor and the lower conveyor belt 9-3 rotates towards the inner wall of the reactor by the central integrated control system 4, meanwhile, cow dung materials after solid-liquid separation are input into the reactor through a feed inlet, and the cow dung materials are transported onto the lower conveyor belt 9-3 by the upper conveyor belt 9-1 and the middle conveyor belt 9-2 and move towards the inner wall of the reactor along with the lower conveyor belt 9-3; when the infrared height detector at the lower conveyor belt 9-3 detects the height change at the near inner wall, the infrared height detector transmits a signal to the central integrated control system 4; the central integrated control system 4 processes the signals and feeds back the signals to the middle conveyor belt 9-2 and the lower conveyor belt 9-3, the lower conveyor belt 9-3 finishes the conveying and stopping rotation of the cow dung material, and the middle conveyor belt 9-2 rotates in the opposite direction; when the infrared height detector at the middle conveyor belt 9-2 detects the height change at the near inner wall, the infrared height detector transmits a signal to the central integrated control system 4; the central integrated control system 4 processes the signals and feeds back the signals to the middle conveyor belt 9-2 and the upper conveyor belt 9-1, the middle conveyor belt 9-2 finishes the conveying and stopping rotation of the cow dung material, and the upper conveyor belt 9-1 rotates in the opposite direction; when the infrared height detector at the upper conveyor belt 9-1 detects the height change at the position close to the inner wall, the infrared height detector transmits signals to the central integrated control system 4, the central integrated control system 4 processes the signals and feeds back the signals to the upper conveyor belt 9-1, the upper conveyor belt 9-1 finishes the conveying and stopping rotation of the cow dung materials, and the feeding is finished; the total mass of the material and the reactor with the water content of 70% is denoted as m 1;
C. after the feeding is finished, a sterilization and humidity control system and a temperature and humidity control system are started, the cow dung material is sterilized by microwaves generated by a microwave generator 10, the cow dung material is dried by an air heater 26 and a graphene heating plate 11, and the inside of the reactor is supplemented with water and humidified by a steam generator 23; the temperature sensor 12 and the humidity sensor 13 detect the temperature and the humidity in the reactor on line in real time;
D. recording the sum of the materials and the mass of the reactor at the moment, marking m 2, and marking the materials with the water content of 30-40% and the mass of the reactor as m 3; when m 2 is equal to m 3, sterilization and drying are completed, the upper conveyor belt 9-1, the middle conveyor belt 9-2 and the lower conveyor belt 9-3 start to rotate towards the center of the reactor, the materials fall down, and meanwhile, the discharging screw conveyor 8 is started to realize automatic discharging;
E. when m 2 equals m0, the re-feed is started.
A part of solar panels 1 are arranged on the south side of the reactor and mainly supply power to a conveyor belt group, an air pump 25, a water pump 22 and the like; the other part of solar panel 1 is arranged at the top of the reactor, and the inclination angle of the solar panel 1 is realized through a rotating bearing and a movable bracket, so that the solar panel 1 is always positioned on the direct irradiation surface of the sun, the highest light energy utilization rate of the solar panel 1 is ensured, and the rotating motor 15, the steam nozzle 17 and the central integrated control system 4 are mainly powered.
The steam conveying pipeline 24-1 and the hot air conveying pipeline 27 are wrapped with heat preservation devices, so that the steam and the hot air in the pipeline and the air outside the pipeline can be prevented from being subjected to convection heat exchange, and the steam is prevented from being condensed or the temperature of the hot air is prevented from being reduced.
A baffle plate 14 is arranged at the feed inlet 3 to ensure that the cow dung on the conveyor belt is proper in thickness and uniformly paved on the conveyor belt, or the continuous linear feeding of the cow dung by the feeder is ensured by calibrating the spiral feeder; the speed of the screw feeder and the conveyor belt was adjusted. The sterilizing effect of microwaves on the cow dung and the drying effect of the heating plate on the cow dung are ensured. The graphene heating plate 11 can achieve rapid temperature rise and is stable in temperature in the constant temperature stage. The microwave generators 10 are installed at both sides of the conveyor belt at fixed intervals, so that cow dung at different positions of the conveyor belt has good sterilizing effect. The conveyor belt group is controlled by the relay, so that the rotating direction of the rotating wheel of the conveyor belt can be changed according to different conditions, and the automation and continuous feeding and discharging of cow dung are ensured.
The steam nozzle 17 is arranged on the steel frame 19, and the rotation of the steel frame 19 can ensure that the steam sprayed by the steam nozzle 17 is distributed more uniformly in the reactor so as to ensure the water content of cow dung in the sterilization and fire extinguishment process; the steam nozzle 17 should be of stainless steel material, which is not prone to rust and corrosion in the wet environment of the reactor, ensuring the service life of the nozzle. The shaft 18 and steel frame 19 are of corrosion resistant material such as fluoroplastic steel, stainless steel, etc. to ensure that they will not corrode and rust in the wet environment of the reactor; the steam nozzle 17 and the outer surface of the microwave generator 10 should be coated with a corrosion-resistant material, which also ensures that it will not corrode and rust in the wet environment of the reactor, ensuring the life of the equipment.
Firstly, due to centripetal force, the steam sprayed by the steam nozzle 17 can be transmitted to a far place, so that the cow dung at all places can reach the required water content effect. Secondly, due to the rotation of the steel frame 19, the temperature field and the humidity field in the reactor are distributed uniformly, so that cow dung on different layers of conveyor belts and cow dung on different positions of the same layer are ensured to be in the same environment, and the cow dung after sterilization-drying treatment has no difference.
The stirring device 20 stretches into the cow dung to prevent the cow dung after sterilization and drying from being subjected to surface shelling in the storage chamber 6, so that the phenomenon that anaerobic bacteria are bred due to heat transfer resistance and temperature rise in the cow dung and oxygen deficiency is avoided, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that the cow dung after sterilization and drying is not odorous is avoided.
The temperature sensor 12 and the humidity sensor 13 detect the temperature and the humidity in the reactor on line in real time in the microwave sterilization stage. If the temperature is too low, the temperature sensor 13 transmits a signal to the control system, the control system processes the signal, and feeds back the signal to the graphene heating 10 board controller, the graphene heating board 10 is started, the temperature sensor 12 transmits a signal to the control system again until the target temperature is reached, the control system processes the signal, and the graphene heating board 10 is closed. In the monitoring process, if the humidity sensor 13 detects that the humidity in the reactor is higher than the required humidity, a signal is transmitted to the control system, the control system processes the humidity, and feeds back the signal to the controller of the steam extraction device 28, and the steam extraction device 28 is started to remove steam; if the humidity sensor 13 detects that the humidity in the reactor is lower than the required humidity, the humidity sensor 13 sends a signal to the control system, the control system processes the signal and sends a feedback signal to the water pump 22 and the steam generator 23, and the two start to work. The water pump 22 pumps water into the steam generator 23, the water is heated to steam, and the steam reaches the steam nozzle 17 of each layer of steel frame 19 through the steam conveying pipeline 24-1 to moisturize the water in the reactor. Until the microwave sterilization is finished, the controller of the microwave generator 11 transmits a signal to the control system, the control system processes the signal and transmits a feedback signal to the controller of the microwave generator 11, and the microwave generator 11 is turned off. So far, the microwave sterilization phase is ended.
After the microwave sterilization is completed, the control system sends a signal to the graphene heating plate controller to excite the graphene heating plate 10 to heat the cow dung on the conveyor belt group. At this point, the process enters the third stage, the high temperature heating stage. The graphene heating plate 10 starts to work, the cow dung on the conveyor belt group is heated, after the required temperature is reached, the temperature sensor 12 sends a signal to the control system, the control system processes the cow dung, and sends a feedback signal to the graphene heating plate controller, the graphene heating plate 10 is not heated any more, and the constant temperature state is maintained. In the high-temperature drying process, the working modes of the temperature sensor 12 and the humidity sensor 13 are the same as those of the microwave sterilization stage, the temperature and the humidity in the reactor are monitored in real time, and the temperature and the humidity in the reactor are adjusted. Meanwhile, a mass sensor installed between the bracket and the reactor monitors the mass of the reactor in real time, and is denoted as m 2. Meanwhile, the mass of cow dung with the water content of 30-40% and the mass of the reactor are denoted as m 3. And comparing the values of m 2 and m 3 by a computer, and judging whether the drying is finished or not. If m 2 is close to m 3, the computer sends a signal to the graphene hotplate controller to stop the graphene hotplate 10 from operating. Thus, the high-temperature drying is completed.
And a signal is sent to the control system by the mass sensor, the control system processes the signal and sends a feedback signal to the controller of the conveyor belt group, the graphene heating plate controller, the rotating motor controller and the screw feeder controller at the bottom. The graphene heating plate controller and the rotating motor controller stop corresponding equipment from working, and the conveyor belt group controller starts the conveyor belt group to work. At this point, stage 4 is entered-discharge. Firstly, exciting a lower conveyor belt 9-3 to rotate, and pouring the third layer of cow dung into a storage chamber 6; then, the cow dung falling off from the middle conveyor belt 9-2 falls into the storage chamber 6 after the cow dung stays briefly on the lower conveyor belt 9-3; finally, the upper conveyor belt 9-1 is started, and the cow dung in the upper conveyor belt 9-1 is poured into the storage chamber 6 in the same way. Finally, after the detection mass m 2 of the mass sensor approaches the reactor mass m0 and is unchanged for a period of time, an instruction is sent to the computer, the control system processes the detection mass m 2, a feedback signal is sent to the conveyor belt group controller, the operation of the conveyor belt group is stopped, and a new production flow is started.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A device for producing padding by using cow dung, which is characterized in that: comprises a reactor, a sterilization and humidity control system, a temperature and humidity control system and a material inlet and outlet system; the sterilization and humidity control system comprises a rotating motor (15), a rotating bearing (16), a steel frame (19), a water tank (21), a water pump (22), a steam generator (23), a steam conveying pipeline (24-1), a steam rotating pipe (24) and a nozzle (17), wherein the rotating motor (15) is positioned at the top of the reactor, a rotating shaft (18) of the rotating motor (15) penetrates through the outer wall of the reactor and is positioned in the reactor, the steel frame (19) is in rotating connection with the rotating shaft (18) by virtue of the rotating bearing (16), the steam rotating pipe (24) is fixed on the steel frame (19), and the nozzle (17) is fixed on the steam rotating pipe (24); the water tank (21), the water pump (22) and the steam generator (23) are sequentially connected and positioned outside the reactor, and the steam outlet end of the steam generator (23) is communicated with the steam rotating pipe (24) by means of the steam conveying pipeline (24-1); the feeding and discharging system comprises a conveyor belt group, a discharging spiral conveyor (8), a storage chamber (6) and a stirring device (20); the top of the reactor is provided with a feed inlet (3), and the bottom of the reactor is provided with a discharge outlet (7); the conveying belt set sequentially comprises an upper conveying belt (9-1), a middle conveying belt (9-2) and a lower conveying belt (9-3) from top to bottom, one end of the upper conveying belt (9-1) is positioned below the feeding hole (3), one end of the upper conveying belt, which is close to the center of the reactor, is positioned obliquely above the middle conveying belt (9-2), one end of the middle conveying belt (9-2), which is close to the center of the reactor, is positioned obliquely above the lower conveying belt (9-3), the stirring device (20) is fixed at the bottom of the steel frame (19), the discharging screw conveyor (8) is positioned below the stirring device (20), the storage chamber (6) is positioned at the bottom of the reactor, and two ends of the storage chamber (6) are respectively communicated with the discharging screw conveyor (8) and the discharging hole (7) of the reactor; the temperature and humidity control system comprises a temperature sensor (12) and a humidity sensor (13), and the brackets of the upper conveyor belt (9-1), the middle conveyor belt (9-2) and the lower conveyor belt (9-3) are respectively provided with the temperature sensor (12), the humidity sensor (13) and an infrared height detector;
the upper conveyor belt (9-1), the middle conveyor belt (9-2) and the lower conveyor belt (9-3) are provided with graphene heating plates (11) below the upper parts, and microwave generators (10) are arranged on two sides of the upper conveyor belt (9-1), the middle conveyor belt (9-2) and the lower conveyor belt (9-3) at equal intervals.
2. An apparatus for producing litter utilizing cow dung according to claim 1, wherein: a partition board (14) is arranged above the upper conveyor belt (9-1), and one end of the partition board (14) is fixed on the inner wall of the reactor.
3. An apparatus for producing litter utilizing cow dung according to claim 1, wherein: the side wall of the reactor is also provided with a steam extraction device (28), and the outer wall of the reactor is wrapped with a heat preservation layer (2); the reactor is also provided with an air pump (25) and an air heater (26), one end of the air heater (26) is connected with the air pump (25), and the other end of the air heater is connected with the heat insulation layer (2) of the reactor by means of a hot air transmission pipeline (27).
4. An apparatus for producing litter utilizing cow dung according to claim 1, wherein: the solar energy power system comprises a solar panel (1) and an energy storage device (5), wherein the solar panel (1) is positioned at the top and the outer wall of the reactor, the energy storage device (5) is positioned at the bottom side inside the reactor, and the solar panel (1) is connected with the energy storage device (5) by means of a photoelectric conversion device.
5. An apparatus for producing litter utilizing cow dung according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the conveyor belt groups is four, and the four conveyor belt groups are symmetrically distributed in the reactor.
6. An apparatus for producing litter utilizing cow dung according to claim 1, wherein: the device is also provided with a central integrated control system (4) which is used for controlling the sterilization and humidity control system, the temperature and humidity control system and the material inlet and outlet system.
7. A process system for an apparatus for producing litter from cow dung according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
A. before the materials enter the reactor, weighing the empty reactor mass by using a mass detector, and marking the empty reactor mass as m0;
B. the upper conveyor belt (9-1) and the middle conveyor belt (9-2) are controlled to rotate towards the center of the reactor by the central integrated control system (4), the lower conveyor belt (9-3) rotates towards the inner wall of the reactor, meanwhile, materials after solid-liquid separation are input into the reactor through a feed inlet, and the materials are transported onto the lower conveyor belt (9-3) by the upper conveyor belt (9-1) and the middle conveyor belt (9-2) and move towards the inner wall of the reactor along with the lower conveyor belt (9-3); when the infrared height detector at the lower conveyor belt (9-3) detects the height change at the near inner wall, the infrared height detector transmits a signal to the central integrated control system (4); the central integrated control system (4) processes the signals and feeds back the signals to the middle conveyor belt (9-2) and the lower conveyor belt (9-3), the lower conveyor belt (9-3) finishes material conveying and stops rotating, and the middle conveyor belt (9-2) rotates in the opposite direction instead; when the infrared height detector at the middle conveyor belt (9-2) detects the height change at the near inner wall, the infrared height detector transmits a signal to the central integrated control system (4); the central integrated control system (4) processes the signals and feeds back the signals to the middle conveyor belt (9-2) and the upper conveyor belt (9-1), the middle conveyor belt (9-2) finishes material conveying and stops rotating, and the upper conveyor belt (9-1) rotates in the opposite direction; when the infrared height detector at the upper conveyor belt (9-1) detects the height change at the position close to the inner wall, the infrared height detector transmits signals to the central integrated control system (4), the central integrated control system (4) processes the signals and feeds back the signals to the upper conveyor belt (9-1), the upper conveyor belt (9-1) finishes material conveying and stops rotating, and feeding is finished; the total mass of the material and the reactor is denoted as m 1;
C. after the feeding is finished, a sterilization and humidity control system and a temperature and humidity control system are started, the materials are sterilized by microwaves generated by a microwave generator (10), the materials are dried by an air heater (26) and a graphene heating plate (11), and the inside of the reactor is supplemented with water and humidified by a steam generator (23); the temperature sensor (12) and the humidity sensor (13) detect the temperature and the humidity in the reactor on line in real time;
D. recording the sum of the materials and the mass of the reactor at the moment, marking m 2, and marking the materials with the water content of 30-40% and the mass of the reactor as m 3; when m 2 is equal to m 3, sterilization and drying are completed, the upper conveyor belt (9-1), the middle conveyor belt (9-2) and the lower conveyor belt (9-3) start to rotate towards the center of the reactor, materials fall, and meanwhile, the discharging screw conveyor (8) is started to realize automatic discharging;
E. when m 2 equals m0, the re-feed is started.
8. A process system for an apparatus for producing litter from cow dung of claim 7 wherein: the material is livestock manure, and the livestock manure is cow manure.
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| KR20140132615A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2014-11-18 | 하재현 | Highly water contained waste drying apparatus, and manufacturing method for refuse derived fuel using highly water contained waste, pretreatment method for highly water contained waste |
| CN104557168A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2015-04-29 | 内蒙古伊利实业集团股份有限公司 | Method for producing environmentally friendly bedding material by using dairy cattle farm wastes |
| CN207280146U (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2018-04-27 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of multilayer mesh belt formula ox bed regeneration bedding and padding device |
| CN108901873A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-11-30 | 江苏思威博生物科技有限公司 | A kind of biological dewatered method of cow dung producing sterile cow mattress materials |
| CN212109427U (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-12-08 | 中国农业大学 | Hot air drying production device for cow bed recycled padding with adjustable temperature and humidity |
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