CN114557400A - Cyprinus carpio feed with immunity enhancing effect and pond circulating culture method - Google Patents
Cyprinus carpio feed with immunity enhancing effect and pond circulating culture method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/10—Cleaning bottoms or walls of ponds or receptacles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a cyprinus carpio feed with an immunity enhancing effect and a pond circulating culture method, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The carp breeding feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of fish meal, 4-7 parts of chicken meal, 24-28 parts of soybean meal, 20-25 parts of rapeseed meal, 4-7 parts of DDGS, 12-15 parts of wheat, 4-5 parts of soybean oil, 12-14 parts of rice bran, 2-2.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of 98.5% lysine, 0.1 part of methionine, 0.2 part of a mixed feeding premix, 0.1-0.2 part of an immunopotentiator, 0.1-0.2 part of a traditional Chinese medicine additive and 0.1-0.2 part of a complex enzyme preparation. The cyprinus carpio feed with the immunity enhancement function is matched with a corresponding pond culture system and a corresponding management mode for culture, so that the cyprinus carpio growth and development can be promoted, the immunity of a fish body can be improved, the emission of nitrogen and phosphorus can be reduced, and the safety is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a cyprinus carpio feed with an immunity enhancing effect and a pond circulating aquaculture method.
Background
The cyprinid is the largest fish family, about more than 200 genera exist, more than 2000 genera belong to fresh water fish, are distributed in various parts of the world such as China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Bengal and the like, are rich in changes in form and ecological habits, and are mostly important fish with cultivation economy such as carps, crucian carps, grass carps and the like. With the continuous development of the fishery industry and the increasing demand of the consumer market, the breeding problem is more and more concerned. The feed accounts for the largest proportion in the culture cost, the high-quality feed has the functions of good palatability, growth and development promotion, immunity enhancement and the like on the premise of meeting the requirements of various nutrient substances of the fish body, and the fish culture efficiency is improved and the ammonia nitrogen emission is reduced under the cooperation of a high-efficiency culture mode. In order to pursue high benefits, terminal farmers often continuously improve density and improve feeding rate to achieve the purpose of high yield and high benefits, a common breeding soil pond is a relatively closed breeding environment, excrement and uneaten feed deposit under a large amount of fed feed causes water quality deterioration, causes germ breeding, is often accompanied by a series of problems of low survival rate, high disease rate and the like, the problems are difficult to solve by a scheme of using a large amount of medicines and water adjusting products, causes frequent crucian gill hemorrhage, grass carp hemorrhage and the like in high-temperature seasons in summer to cause a large amount of deaths, and has large loss and poor benefits. Therefore, the feed capable of improving the immunity of carps is researched, and a green and efficient culture system and a green and efficient culture mode are developed and matched to improve the culture efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cyprinus carpio feed with an immunity enhancing effect and a pond circulating culture method, which can accelerate the growth speed of a cyprinus carpio body and solve the problems of low survival rate, high morbidity, water pollution discharge and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a cyprinid feed with an immunity enhancing effect, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of fish meal, 4-7 parts of chicken meal, 24-28 parts of soybean meal, 20-25 parts of rapeseed meal, 4-7 parts of DDGS, 12-15 parts of wheat, 4-5 parts of soybean oil, 12-14 parts of rice bran, 2-2.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of 98.5% lysine, 0.1 part of methionine, 0.2 part of a mixed feeding premix, 0.1-0.2 part of an immunopotentiator, 0.1-0.2 part of a traditional Chinese medicine additive and 0.1-0.2 part of a complex enzyme preparation.
Further, the omnivorous premix comprises 0.02 part by weight of VA and 0.02 part by weight of VB10.02 part and VB20.03 part and VB60.03 part and VB120.04 part, VC 0.3 part and VD30.02 part, VE 0.1 part, VK30.01 portion, 0.08 portion of nicotinic acid, 0.04 portion of calcium pantothenate, 0.01 portion of folic acid and 0.5 portion of biotin; the immunopotentiator comprises 0.25 part of chitin, 0.25 part of fructo-oligosaccharide, 0.25 part of isomaltose and 0.25 part of galactooligosaccharide, the traditional Chinese medicine additive comprises 0.2 part of isatis root, 0.2 part of astragalus, 0.2 part of coptis, 0.2 part of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 0.2 part of liquorice by weight, and the complex enzyme preparation comprises 0.25 part of amylase, 0.25 part of protease, 0.25 part of pectinase and 0.25 part of phytase by weight.
The invention provides a preparation method of the cyprinid feed with the immunity enhancing effect, which comprises the following steps:
pulverizing fish meal, chicken powder, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, wheat and rice bran, then uniformly mixing with the rest raw materials, granulating the pulverized and mixed materials, cooling and drying to finally obtain the cyprinus carpio feed with the function of enhancing immunity.
Further, the pulverization is to 60 mesh.
Further, the granulation is to granulate at 85-90 ℃.
The invention also provides a breeding method adopting the cyprinus carpio feed with the immune enhancement effect, which comprises the following steps:
(1) 2 conical bottom drums are arranged in the culture pond per mu, the diameter of the upper opening of each conical bottom drum is 10m, the diameter of the bottom of each conical bottom drum is 8m, the total height of each conical bottom drum is 1.5m, the thickness of each conical bottom drum is 15mm, the interval between each conical bottom drum is 0.5m, the edge of each conical bottom drum is 10cm higher than the water surface, and the bottom of each conical bottom drum is connected with a sludge extraction pump and is provided with a filtering device;
(2) the water quality requirement is as follows: dissolved oxygen of 5-8mg/L, nitrogen dioxide content of less than 0.08mg/L, ammonia content of less than 0.08mg/L, pH value of 7-8.5 and water temperature of 22-30 ℃;
(3) selecting fish fry: selecting healthy fries with good varieties and uniform sizes, and sterilizing the fries before stocking;
(4) fry stocking: in 3-4 months, 1400-1600 tails of seedlings are placed in a barrel with a conical bottom, and each tail is about 50 g; 50-100 filter-feeding fish species (such as spotted silver carps) are put in the periphery of the conical-bottom round barrel, so that the self-purification capacity of the water body is improved;
(5) feeding the feed: feeding the cyprinid feed with the immunity enhancing effect, adjusting the feeding rate according to the water temperature and the fish body specification, weighing once every half month, fishing crucian carps with the weight not less than 20, calculating the average weight value and the fullness, and determining the feed feeding amount; the granules pass through a pipeline from the storage bin to reach a small automatic feeding machine fixed in the middle of the culture barrel, and are uniformly fed in 360 degrees;
(6) water quality management: after the last feeding is finished for 1 hour every day, starting an electric pump to automatically absorb and separate excrement and feed residues at the bottom of the conical bottom barrel, simultaneously circularly changing water by 10-20%, supplementing water in the culture pond into the conical bottom barrel, keeping the pH value at 7-8.5, and using micropore oxygenation to ensure that the dissolved oxygen of each conical bottom barrel is kept at 5-8mg/L and changing water for the pond by 10-20% every month;
(7) disease prevention and treatment: timely cleaning diseased fish and dead fish, and regularly sterilizing.
Further, the fish fry is soaked in 3 wt% of salt solution for 3-5 min in the disinfection treatment in the step (3).
Further, the feed in the step (5) is fed for 2-4 times per day by adopting an automatic bait casting machine.
Further, the sludge in the step (6) is used for culturing submerged plants, the submerged plants are cultured at the bottom of the pond outside the conical bottom drum, and the submerged plants are at least one of seaweed flowers, tape grass, hornworts, plantains, watermifoil and hydrilla verticillata. Plants are planted in the fixed area of the pond by fixed floating raft, and can be water spinach, leaf lettuce, garland chrysanthemum and the like, so that the function of purifying water quality is achieved.
Further, the medicament for disinfection in the step (7) is any one of chlorine dioxide and iodine preparations.
The invention has the following technical effects:
1) when the microflora balance in the intestinal tract of fish is disrupted, harmful microorganisms dominate, resulting in fish disease. In the feed, immunopotentiators such as chitin, fructo-oligosaccharide, isomaltose and galacto-oligosaccharide are added, so that the feed can promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms in animal intestinal tracts, help fish bodies to establish a microflora with stable dominance of the beneficial microorganisms, and enhance the disease resistance of the fish bodies.
2) The use of the traditional Chinese medicine additive can supplement the deficiency of the nutrient components of the fish feed, improve the feed performance and prevent the feed quality from deteriorating. It also has effects of improving palatability of feed, increasing utilization rate of feed by fish, enhancing disease resistance, promoting normal development of fish body, accelerating growth and production, and increasing yield and quality.
3) The complex enzyme preparation is added, so that the digestible energy of the feed can be improved, and the digestibility of the fish body on the enzyme substances can be improved. In general, in young fish, some digestive enzymes are not secreted sufficiently because the digestive system has not yet developed to maturity. The compound enzyme preparation is added to improve the digestibility of the feed and the production performance of the fish. In addition, the content of phytate phosphorus in grains and byproducts thereof is high, the utilization rate of phytate phosphorus in fishes is low, and the phytase added in aquatic feeds can also improve the utilization rate of phytate phosphorus and the conversion efficiency of feeds.
4) According to the invention, the conical bottom barrel is arranged in the culture pond, and the sludge at the bottom is extracted at regular time, so that the undigested feed and the discharged excrement are reduced, the discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus can be reduced, the water quality is kept clean, the growth of harmful microorganisms such as germs can be effectively reduced, and the pollution degree of the growing water environment of the fish body is relatively low. In addition, the extracted sludge is used for culturing submerged plants, so that not only is the reuse of the sludge realized, but also the self-purification capacity of water is greatly improved, and the method is an ecological and environment-friendly carp culturing method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a carp farming system according to the present invention; wherein, 1 is a culture pond, 2 is a cone bottom barrel, 3 is a feed bin, 4 is an aerator, 5 is a 360-degree automatic batch feeder, 6 is a filter, and 7 is a floating frame.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
In the following examples, the omnivorous premix comprises 0.02 part by weight of VA and 0.02 part by weight of VB10.02 part and VB20.03 part and VB60.03 part and VB120.04 part, VC 0.3 part and VD30.02 part, VE 0.1 part, VK30.01 portion, 0.08 portion of nicotinic acid, 0.04 portion of calcium pantothenate, 0.01 portion of folic acid and 0.5 portion of biotin. The immunopotentiator comprises 0.25 part of chitin, 0.25 part of fructo-oligosaccharide, 0.25 part of isomaltose and 0.25 part of galacto-oligosaccharide by weight. The traditional Chinese medicine additive comprises, by weight, 0.2 part of isatis root, 0.2 part of astragalus, 0.2 part of coptis root, 0.2 part of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 0.2 part of liquorice. The compound enzyme preparation comprises 0.25 part of amylase, 0.25 part of protease, 0.25 part of pectinase and 0.25 part of phytase by weight.
Example 1
5 parts of fish meal, 7 parts of chicken meal, 28 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of rapeseed meal, 5 parts of DDGS, 14.6 parts of wheat and 13 parts of rice bran are crushed to 60 meshes, and then are mixed with 4 parts of soybean oil, 2.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of 98.5% lysine, 0.1 part of methionine, 0.2 part of omnivorous premix, 0.1 part of immunopotentiator, 0.1 part of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 0.1 part of complex enzyme preparation. Mixing, granulating at 85 deg.C, cooling, and oven drying to obtain Cyprinus Carpio feed with immunity enhancing effect.
Example 2
Crushing 8 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of chicken meal, 26 parts of soybean meal, 24 parts of rapeseed meal, 4 parts of DDGS, 13 parts of wheat and 14 parts of rice bran to 60 meshes, then uniformly mixing with 4 parts of soybean oil, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of 98.5% lysine, 0.1 part of methionine, 0.2 part of omnivorous premix, 0.1 part of immunopotentiator, 0.1 part of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 0.2 part of complex enzyme preparation, granulating the crushed and mixed materials at 90 ℃, cooling and drying to finally obtain the cyprinus carpio feed with the immunopotentiation effect.
Example 3
Crushing 6 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of chicken meal, 24 parts of soybean meal, 25 parts of rapeseed meal, 7 parts of DDGS, 12 parts of wheat and 12.5 parts of rice bran to 60 meshes, then uniformly mixing with 4 parts of soybean oil, 2.4 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of 98.5% lysine, 0.1 part of methionine, 0.2 part of omnivorous premix, 0.2 part of immunopotentiator, 0.2 part of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 0.2 part of complex enzyme preparation, granulating the crushed and mixed materials at 88 ℃, cooling and drying to finally obtain the cyprinus carpio feed with the immunopotentiating effect.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that no Chinese medicinal additive is added.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 2 is that no immunopotentiator was added.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 3 is that no complex enzyme preparation is added.
Test example 1
The cyprinid feed with the immunopotentiation effect in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3 is respectively used for crucian breeding, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) conical bottom drums are arranged in the culture pond, the interval between the conical bottom drums is 0.5m, the edge of each conical bottom drum is 5cm higher than the water surface, and the bottom of each conical bottom drum is connected with a sludge extraction pump and is provided with a filtering device;
(2) the water quality requirement is as follows: the dissolved oxygen is 5-8mg/L, the nitrogen dioxide content is less than 0.08mg/L, the ammonia gas content is less than 0.08mg/L, the pH value is 7-8, and the water temperature is 22-30 ℃;
(3) selecting fish fry: selecting healthy crucian fries with good variety and uniform size, and soaking the fries in 3% salt solution for 5min for disinfection before stocking;
(4) fry stocking: 1500 tails of seedlings are put in a barrel with a conical bottom in month 4, and each tail is 51 g; breeding 80 tail silver carps at the periphery of the barrel with the conical bottom;
(5) feeding the feed: the cyprinid feed with the immunity enhancement effect in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3 is fed respectively, an automatic bait feeder is adopted to feed 3 times a day, and the feed feeding amount of each time is 3 percent of the weight of the crucian;
(6) water quality management: automatically absorbing and separating sludge (feces and feed residues) at the bottom of the conical bottom barrel every day, simultaneously circularly changing water by 20 percent, supplementing water in the culture pond into the conical bottom barrel, keeping the pH value at 7-8, ensuring the dissolved oxygen of each conical bottom barrel to be kept at 5-8mg/L by using micropore oxygenation, and changing water for the pond by 20 percent every month; the extracted sludge is used for cultivating goldfish algae (submerged plants), and water spinach is planted in a pond fixed area by fixed floating drainage;
(7) disease prevention and treatment: the sick fish and the dead fish are cleaned in time and disinfected by quicklime regularly.
The growth of the crucian carps was recorded for five months after continuous feeding, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 growth of Carassius auratus fed with feed products of different formulations and processes
| Raw materials | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| |
5 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 6 |
| |
7 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 6 |
| Bean pulp | 28 | 26 | 24 | 28 | 26 | 24 |
| Rapeseed meal | 20 | 24 | 25 | 20 | 24 | 25 |
| |
5 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 7 |
| Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) | 14.6 | 13 | 12 | 14.6 | 13 | 12 |
| Rice bran | 13 | 14 | 12.5 | 13 | 14 | 12.5 |
| Soybean oil | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Calcium dihydrogen phosphate | 2.5 | 2 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.4 |
| 98.5% lysine | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Methionine | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Mixed-eating premix | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Chinese medicine additive | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Immunopotentiating agent | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Complex enzyme preparation | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) | 1.51 | 1.43 | 1.40 | 1.62 | 1.51 | 1.48 |
| Survival rate (%) | 92.5％ | 94.2％ | 98.1％ | 87.7％ | 91.5％ | 95.3％ |
Note: the feed conversion rate is the feed feeding amount/(the final weight of the fish body-the initial weight of the fish body);
survival rate is the number of survivors/total number x 100%.
As can be seen from table 1, when the feed prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention is used for crucian cultivation and is combined with the pond cultivation system and method of the present invention, the growth rate and survival rate of crucian are significantly increased, the prevalence rate is reduced, and the pond water quality is greatly improved by filtering, collecting and recycling feces and undigested feed. The data show that the addition of a certain amount of traditional Chinese medicine additives, immunopotentiators and complex enzyme preparations can enhance the immunity of the crucian, improve the survival rate, promote the conversion, absorption and utilization of nutrients by the crucian, reduce the FCR, and have better growth indexes than comparative examples.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The cyprinus carpio feed with the immunity enhancing effect is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of fish meal, 4-7 parts of chicken meal, 24-28 parts of soybean meal, 20-25 parts of rapeseed meal, 4-7 parts of DDGS, 12-15 parts of wheat, 4-5 parts of soybean oil, 12-14 parts of rice bran, 2-2.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of 98.5% lysine, 0.1 part of methionine, 0.2 part of a mixed feeding premix, 0.1-0.2 part of an immunopotentiator, 0.1-0.2 part of a traditional Chinese medicine additive and 0.1-0.2 part of a complex enzyme preparation.
2. The feed for carp of family Cyprinus carpiod with immunopotentiation according to claim 1, wherein said omnivorous premix comprises VA 0.02 part and VB10.02 part and VB20.03 part and VB60.03 part and VB120.04 part, VC 0.3 part and VD30.02 part, VE 0.1 part, VK30.01 part, 0.08 part of nicotinic acid, 0.04 part of calcium pantothenate, 0.01 part of folic acid and 0.5 part of biotin; the immunopotentiator comprises 0.25 part of chitin, 0.25 part of fructo-oligosaccharide, 0.25 part of isomaltose and 0.25 part of galactooligosaccharide, the traditional Chinese medicine additive comprises 0.2 part of isatis root, 0.2 part of astragalus, 0.2 part of coptis, 0.2 part of bighead atractylodes rhizome and 0.2 part of liquorice by weight, and the complex enzyme preparation comprises 0.25 part of amylase, 0.25 part of protease, 0.25 part of pectinase and 0.25 part of phytase by weight.
3. A method for preparing a carp feed having immunopotentiating effect according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
pulverizing fish meal, chicken powder, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, wheat and rice bran, uniformly mixing with the rest raw materials, granulating the pulverized and mixed materials, cooling and drying to finally obtain the cyprinoid feed with the immunity enhancing effect.
4. The method for preparing a carp feed according to claim 3, wherein said pulverizing is performed to 60 mesh.
5. The method for preparing a carp feed according to claim 3, wherein said granulating is carried out at 85-90 ℃.
6. A method of raising carps using the feed for carps having immunopotentiating effect according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
(1) a conical bottom drum is arranged in the culture pond, and the bottom of the conical bottom drum is connected with a sludge extraction pump;
(2) the water quality requirement is as follows: dissolved oxygen of 5-8mg/L, nitrogen dioxide content of less than 0.08mg/L, ammonia content of less than 0.08mg/L, pH value of 7-8.5 and water temperature of 22-30 ℃;
(3) selecting fish fry: selecting healthy crucian fries with good variety and uniform size, and performing disinfection treatment before stocking the fries;
(4) fry stocking: in 3-4 months, 1400-1600 tails of seedlings are placed in a barrel with a conical bottom, and each tail is 50 g;
(5) feeding the feed: feeding the cyprinoid feed with the immunity enhancing effect, and adjusting the feeding rate according to the water temperature and the fish body specification, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 2.5-4% of the weight of the crucian;
(6) water quality management: absorbing sludge at the bottom of the conical bottom barrel every day, supplementing water for the culture pond, keeping the pH value at 7-8.5 and keeping the dissolved oxygen at 5-8 mg/L;
(7) disease prevention and treatment: timely cleaning diseased fish and dead fish, and regularly sterilizing.
7. The cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the disinfection treatment in step (3) is carried out by soaking the fry in 3 wt% salt solution for 3-5 min.
8. The farming method of claim 6 wherein the feed of step (5) is fed 2 to 4 times a day using an automatic feeder.
9. The cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the sludge of step (6) is used for cultivation of plants.
10. The culture method according to claim 6, wherein the disinfectant in step (7) is selected from any one of chlorine dioxide and iodine preparations.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210172530.9A CN114557400A (en) | 2022-02-24 | 2022-02-24 | Cyprinus carpio feed with immunity enhancing effect and pond circulating culture method |
| PCT/CN2022/094036 WO2023159782A1 (en) | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-20 | Cyprinid fish feed having immunological enhancement effect and pond circulating culture method |
| ZA2022/09115A ZA202209115B (en) | 2022-02-24 | 2022-08-15 | Cyprinid feed with immune-enhancing effect and method of recycling pond culture |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210172530.9A CN114557400A (en) | 2022-02-24 | 2022-02-24 | Cyprinus carpio feed with immunity enhancing effect and pond circulating culture method |
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| CN114557400A true CN114557400A (en) | 2022-05-31 |
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| CN202210172530.9A Pending CN114557400A (en) | 2022-02-24 | 2022-02-24 | Cyprinus carpio feed with immunity enhancing effect and pond circulating culture method |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114557400A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2023159782A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA202209115B (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103549181A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-02-05 | 江苏福瑞水产养殖有限公司 | Chinese herbal micro-ecologic farmed fish feed suitable for carps in earlier period and preparation method thereof |
| CN104366036A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2015-02-25 | 李丁成 | Freshwater cyprinidae fish mixed feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN104605207A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-05-13 | 通威股份有限公司 | Feed combined feeding method for carp culture |
| CN106071375A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 安庆市皖宜季牛水产养殖有限责任公司 | A kind of growth-promoting feed strengthening Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) immunity |
| CN112352875A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-02-12 | 通威股份有限公司 | Special feed for high-density carp breeding and breeding method thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106922573A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-07-07 | 刘金望 | A kind of fresh-water fishes high-yield cultivation method |
| CN112314812A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-02-05 | 通威股份有限公司 | High-density grass carp and crucian carp mixed culture compound feed and using method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-02-24 CN CN202210172530.9A patent/CN114557400A/en active Pending
- 2022-05-20 WO PCT/CN2022/094036 patent/WO2023159782A1/en unknown
- 2022-08-15 ZA ZA2022/09115A patent/ZA202209115B/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104366036A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2015-02-25 | 李丁成 | Freshwater cyprinidae fish mixed feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN103549181A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-02-05 | 江苏福瑞水产养殖有限公司 | Chinese herbal micro-ecologic farmed fish feed suitable for carps in earlier period and preparation method thereof |
| CN104605207A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-05-13 | 通威股份有限公司 | Feed combined feeding method for carp culture |
| CN106071375A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 安庆市皖宜季牛水产养殖有限责任公司 | A kind of growth-promoting feed strengthening Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) immunity |
| CN112352875A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-02-12 | 通威股份有限公司 | Special feed for high-density carp breeding and breeding method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA202209115B (en) | 2023-04-26 |
| WO2023159782A1 (en) | 2023-08-31 |
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