CN114552988A - 一种Buck型功率因数校正电路的软启动方法 - Google Patents

一种Buck型功率因数校正电路的软启动方法 Download PDF

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CN114552988A
CN114552988A CN202210203648.3A CN202210203648A CN114552988A CN 114552988 A CN114552988 A CN 114552988A CN 202210203648 A CN202210203648 A CN 202210203648A CN 114552988 A CN114552988 A CN 114552988A
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soft start
ton
power factor
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factor correction
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CN114552988B (zh
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陈万军
段力冬
陈兴欢
孙瑞泽
张波
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及Buck型功率因数校正电路领域，具体涉及Buck型功率因数校正电路的软启动方法。同过检测输入电压，设计预估输出电压函数，以计算出开关管开启周期变化函数和占空比变化函数，完成Buck型功率因数校正电路软启动模型设计，可以通过DSP配置参数，实现适应不同输入不同输出和不同负载的变化，有效抑制Buck型功率因数校正电路在启动时的冲击电流，启动速度较快，同时通过检测输入电压的相位变化兼顾功率因数的快速稳定，保证了软启动过程高效和可靠。

Description

一种Buck型功率因数校正电路的软启动方法
技术领域
本发明涉及Buck型功率因数校正电路领域，具体涉及Buck型功率因数校正电路的软启动方法
背景技术
在日常的用电器中，存在大量的非线性负载。这些非线性负载将会给电网带来大量的谐波，从而降低了电网在工作中的可靠性。功率因数校正技术(Power FactorCorrection，PFC) 是降低谐波对电网污染有效的方法，它能从谐波源的源头消除设备内部的谐波。降压型Buck PFC变换器可以实现单级PFC，不仅能在宽输入电压范围内保持较高且相对稳定的变换效率，同时其开关管和二极管等主功率器件与输出电容上电压应力低，利于后级直流/直流(DC/DC) 变换器功率器件和磁性元件的设计及效率和功率密度的优化，寿命较长且成本较低，在低功率场合应用广泛。
然而，此类Buck型PFC在启动时，由于输出电压较大和功率电感非常小，会产生较大的输入冲击电流，严重会造成开关管功率器件的损坏和保险丝的熔断，破坏电源本体。
传统做法是在周期不变的情况下逐渐增大占空比以实现软启动。这种方法的缺点有：1. 只能对占空比的调节，如果冲击电流过大或者开关周期较短无法更好的抑制电流；2.启动时间较长在秒级，无法快速启动；3.在启动过程中没有检测输入电压的相位，无法兼顾功率因数在软启动过程中的快速稳定。
发明内容
针对传统软启动技术的不足，本发明提供了一种Buck型功率因数校正电路的软启动方法可以有效抑制Buck型功率因数校正电路在启动时的冲击电流。
本发明的技术方案为：
一种Buck型功率因数校正电路的软启动方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1：设置正常工作下,功率开关管的开关周期T、占空比D以及软启动周期Tup；
步骤S2：检测输入电压的幅值Vin(t)＝Vm·sin(2πωt+θ)，其中Vm为输入电压幅值，ω为输入电压频率，θ为输入电压相位；
步骤S3：根据步骤S1和步骤S2中得到的参数，启动软启动开关模型控制PWM实现软启动，其中S3至少还包括如下步骤：
步骤S31：设计输出电压的变化趋势，计算输出电压预测函数Vout_p(t)；
步骤S32：设置开关周期T(t)函数和Ton(t)函数的上下限，计算开管周期T变化趋势函数 T(t)以及占空比变换函数D(t),完成软启动控制模型；
步骤S33：根据设置的参数进行软启动，控制PWM的开关周期和开启时间；
步骤S4：T(t)和Ton(t)都到规定上下限，进入正常工作模式；软启动结束；
步骤S31中，设计输出电压Vout_p(t)的函数表达式为：
Vout_p(t)＝Vout·sin(πt/2Tup)·(1+0.04·sin(θ+π/2+2πωt)
其中Tup为软启动过程持续时间，一般在0.5秒以内，具体时间依靠经验而定。
步骤S32中，开关周期变化函数T(t)和占空比变化函数D(t)由开关开启时间Ton(t)和关闭时间Toff(t)组成：
为保证输出电压稳定，电源软启动过程中输出电压的趋势按照正弦函数的上升方式进行，顾将开关开启时间的变化趋势设计为：
Ton(t)＝(Ton-n)·sin(πt/2Tup)+n
其中n为初始开启时间，n的到校一般取Ton的百分之十，具体依据输入电压和输出负载的大小调整。
由于Buck电路输出电感较小的特点，软启动过程在CRM模式中进行。为保障整体软启动过程中处CRM模式,所以开关关闭时间Toff(t)的变换趋势设计为：
Toff(t)＝(Vin(t)-Vout_p(t))·Ton(t)/Vout_p(t)
得到开关周期时间T(t)和占空比D(t)：
T(t)＝Ton(t)+Toff(t)
D(t)＝Ton(t)/T(t)
本发明的有益效果为：
1.本软启动方法，在无需增加额外硬件电路的情况下，实现了对数字Buck型功率因数校正电路的软启动，有效抑制Buck型功率因数校正电路在启动时的冲击电流。
2.本软启动方法，可以根据不同的输入电压、输出电压和负载进行DSP的参数改变，设置不同的软启动模型，并且可以设置输出电压的上升曲线和上升时间，极大提高了产品的适用性。
3.相较传统的软启动方法，启动速度较快，软启动时间Tup范围在0.16—0.5秒。
4.同时通过检测输入电压的相位变化兼顾功率因数的快速稳定，保证了软启动过程高效和可靠。
附图说明
图1为实施软启动方法的流程示意图；
图2为Buck型功率因数校正电路原理图；
图3为实例中开关周期时间T(t)和占空比D(t)变换图；
具体实施方式
本示例的Buck型功率因数校正电路的软启动方法过程如下：
在输入电压240Vac，输出电压50V，输出电流2A的情况下。
(1)设置开关周期为1μs，占空比为14％；
(2)检测输入电压Vin(t)＝Vm·sin(2πωt+θ)，其中Vm＝240，ω＝50，θ＝0；
(3)设置开关周期变化函数T(t)的下限为1μs，开关开启时间变化函数Ton(t)的上限为 140ns；
(4)设计输出电压变化趋势函数Vout_p(t)为：
Vout_p(t)＝Vout·sin(πt/2Tup)·(1+0.04·sin(θ+π/2+2πωt)
其中Vout＝50、Tup＝0.16s、ω＝50Hz；
(5)设置开关周期T(t)和占空比D(t)
Ton(t)＝(Ton-n)·sin(πt/2Tup)+n
Toff(t)＝(Vin-Vout_p(t))·Ton(t)/Vout_p(t)
T(t)＝Ton(t)+Toff(t)
D(t)＝Ton(t)/T(t)；
(6)按照T(t)函数和D(t)函数启动PWM控制；
(7)T(t)达到1μs，D(t)14％；软启动结束。

Claims (2)

1.一种Buck型功率因数校正电路的软启动方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：设置正常工作下，功率开关管的开关周期T、占空比D以及软启动周期Tup；
步骤S2：检测输入电压的幅值Vin(t)＝Vm·sin(2πωt+θ)，其中Vm为输入电压幅值，ω为输入电压频率，θ为输入电压相位；
步骤S3：根据步骤S1和步骤S2中的参数，启动软启动开关模型控制PWM实现软启动，具体方法为：
步骤S31：计算输出预测电压Vout_p(t)：
Vout_p(t)＝Vout·sin(πt/2Tup)·(1+0.04·sin(θ+π/2+2πωt)
其中Tup为软启动过程持续时间；
步骤S32：设置开关周期T(t)函数和Ton(t)函数的上下限，计算开关周期T变化趋势函数T(t)以及占空比变换函数D(t)，完成软启动控制模型；其中开关周期变化函数T(t)和占空比变化函数D(t)由开关开启时间Ton(t)和关闭时间Toff(t)组成：
Ton(t)＝(Ton-n)·sin(πt/2Tup)+n
Toff(t)＝(Vin(t)-Vout_p(t))·Ton(t)/Vout_p(t)
其中n为初始开启时间，从而得到开关周期时间T(t)和占空比D(t)：
T(t)＝Ton(t)+Toff(t)
D(t)＝Ton(t)/T(t)
步骤S33：根据得到的参数进行软启动，控制PWM的开关周期和开启时间；
步骤S4：T(t)和Ton(t)都到设定的上下限，进入正常工作模式，软启动结束。
2.根据权利要求1所述的Buck型功率因数校正电路的软启动方法，其特征在于，Tup的大小在0.16s-0.5s之间。
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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2081286A2 (en) * 2008-01-18 2009-07-22 Power Integrations, Inc. Control arrangement for a PFC power converter
CN101741235A (zh) * 2009-12-29 2010-06-16 重庆大学 输出电压可控的降压型三相功率因数校正器
CN201656761U (zh) * 2010-01-08 2010-11-24 康佳集团股份有限公司 用于pfc开关电源的软启动电路
CN103560663A (zh) * 2013-11-06 2014-02-05 武汉理工大学 功率因数校正装置及方法
CN107171544A (zh) * 2017-05-23 2017-09-15 杭州电子科技大学 一种全数字式全桥隔离型单相单级功率因数校正（pfc）变换器
CN108075633A (zh) * 2017-11-23 2018-05-25 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 功率因数校正电路的软启动方法、装置、电路及电器
CN108551256A (zh) * 2018-06-14 2018-09-18 徐杰 一种Boost功率因数校正电路

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2081286A2 (en) * 2008-01-18 2009-07-22 Power Integrations, Inc. Control arrangement for a PFC power converter
CN101741235A (zh) * 2009-12-29 2010-06-16 重庆大学 输出电压可控的降压型三相功率因数校正器
CN201656761U (zh) * 2010-01-08 2010-11-24 康佳集团股份有限公司 用于pfc开关电源的软启动电路
CN103560663A (zh) * 2013-11-06 2014-02-05 武汉理工大学 功率因数校正装置及方法
CN107171544A (zh) * 2017-05-23 2017-09-15 杭州电子科技大学 一种全数字式全桥隔离型单相单级功率因数校正（pfc）变换器
CN108075633A (zh) * 2017-11-23 2018-05-25 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 功率因数校正电路的软启动方法、装置、电路及电器
CN108551256A (zh) * 2018-06-14 2018-09-18 徐杰 一种Boost功率因数校正电路

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