CN114552257A - 用于高动态应用的接触环 - Google Patents

用于高动态应用的接触环 Download PDF

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CN114552257A
CN114552257A CN202111355771.9A CN202111355771A CN114552257A CN 114552257 A CN114552257 A CN 114552257A CN 202111355771 A CN202111355771 A CN 202111355771A CN 114552257 A CN114552257 A CN 114552257A
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contact
ring
contact ring
electrically conductive
protrusion
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M.伯加德
J.弗蒂格
S.马萨克
H.波洛克
K.希尔
I.伊万诺夫
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TE Connectivity Germany GmbH
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    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
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    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/22—Contacts for co-operating by abutting
    • H01R13/24—Contacts for co-operating by abutting resilient; resiliently-mounted
    • H01R13/2407—Contacts for co-operating by abutting resilient; resiliently-mounted characterized by the resilient means
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    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/022—Details for dynamo electric machines characterised by the materials used, e.g. ceramics
    • H01R39/025—Conductive materials
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/24—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands
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    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
    • H01R4/60—Connections between or with tubular conductors
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    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
    • H01R4/64—Connections between or with conductive parts having primarily a non-electric function, e.g. frame, casing, rail
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    • F16B43/00—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts
    • F16B43/004—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts with a radial cut in order to improve elasticity of the washer
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    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
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    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/648—Protective earth or shield arrangements on coupling devices, e.g. anti-static shielding  
    • H01R13/658—High frequency shielding arrangements, e.g. against EMI [Electro-Magnetic Interference] or EMP [Electro-Magnetic Pulse]
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    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种接触环(10、100)形式的压缩弹簧接触件，其用于至少连接导电的第一和第二接触元件(1、2)，接触环(10、100)包括：包括导电材料的圆环结构或与其拓扑等同的结构，该结构具有在至少一侧上的多个突出部(104、1004)以及在至少一侧上的多个刃(18、108)。突出部(104、1004)和述刃(18、108)被布置为接触接触元件(1、2)的导电材料并且在它们之间形成导电连接，突出部(104、1004)和刃(18、108)穿入接触元件的电绝缘表面层。

Description

用于高动态应用的接触环
技术领域
本发明涉及一种以导电方式连接接触元件的接触环。
背景技术
接触环以压缩弹簧接触件的形式是已知的，其由导电材料制成并且因此可以在接触元件之间建立导电连接。这些接触环通常是扁平的并且具有例如波浪形状，使得它们交替地触碰接触元件的表面。
图1A至1B示出了没有连接构件的两个接触元件(图1A)和具有连接构件的两个接触元件(图1B)的传统布置。图1B中的连接构件是现有技术中已知的典型接触环。接触环呈扁平波浪形，并且通常由弹簧钢制成，其具有良好的机械性能但电热性能较差，也难以通过厚镀银来弥补。已知接触环的接触部分还不能以典型的接触力可靠地穿入电绝缘的表面层，例如氧化铝。它们还容易腐蚀。
接触元件虽然包含导电材料，但其表面由诸如天然氧化物的电绝缘层制成，接触元件不能通过图1B中所示的接触环以足够的导电方式连接。
这个问题由图1C中所示的接触环解决。这种接触环是通过闭合导电材料条带以形成封闭的环形结构而形成的，导电材料例如镀银铜合金。条带在至少一个纵向侧上包括突出部。突出部具有穿入接触元件的电绝缘表面层并由此在接触元件的导电芯之间建立导电连接的尖端或锋利边缘。
然而，由于根据图1C的接触环主要是弹性安装在接触元件之间，因此该接触环的抗振性受到限制。这是因为全部振动载荷通过突出部传递。因此，很难以将突出部或其他柔性结构的形状和尺寸设计成使得它们能够承受永久高动态载荷。因此需要将良好的电热性能与增强的抗振性相结合的接触件。
发明内容
该问题由独立权利要求的主题解决。本发明的有利实施例在从属权利要求中给出。
为了连接具有导电芯和电绝缘表面层的接触元件，本发明基于使用这样的接触构件的构思，该接触构件由导电材料制成并分别穿入接触元件的电绝缘表面层，其中避免了接触件的主要屈服承载。
根据本发明的接触构件具有环状或环状盘的形状，其中本申请中的术语“环”和“环状盘”是指圆环结构以及拓扑上等同于圆环结构的结构。为便于理解，以下仅使用术语“环”，不作进一步说明。附图通过示例的方式示出了圆环结构，但也包括拓扑上等同于圆环结构的结构。
接触构件的环形形状尤其能够实现圆柱形接触元件与相应基部区域的有效连接，因为后者具有用于在有限的环形安装空间中使用的适当结构。它是由诸如镀银铜合金的导电材料制成的盘制成的，例如，同心的、较小的圆盘和径向方向上的元件被移除，从而形成带有狭槽的扁平环。使用镀银铜合金是有利的，因为它代表了机械和电热性能之间的良好折衷。
接触环包括在面向内的侧和面向外的侧中的至少一个上的突出部。突出部从环形平面弯曲出来并且具有尖端或锋利的边缘，这些尖端或锋利的边缘穿透接触元件的电绝缘表面层，从而在接触元件的导电芯之间建立导电连接。突出物可以径向(如图1C)或切向(如图2)定向。
此外，接触环包括从环平面弯曲的刃，具有尖端或锋利的边缘，因此穿入接触元件的相对表面。刃在突出部之间均匀地间隔开。结果，刃能够在最终布置状态下实现接触环和接触元件的紧密压配合。突出部主要受弯曲(bending)应力，刃主要受屈曲(buckling)应力。因此，突出部以受控方式变形并且刃略微变形。仅配备有突出部的环形盘在纵向方向上是有弹性的。另一方面，根据本发明的环形盘在纵向方向上由刃加强。因此，通过刃减轻突出部的振动，从而使接触环具有更高的整体抗振性。
通过使用大量的短突出部，根据本发明的接触环受益于多触点物理的优点并且具有良好的电热性能。每个突出部建立导电接触，由此在接触元件之间产生多个导电连接，这导致许多短路电流和冗余接触。额外的刃进一步增强了这种效果。
与具有用于触碰接触元件的平面接触部分的已知接触环相比，根据本发明的接触环的接触部分非常有限并且由此减少了腐蚀的发生。
根据有利的实施例，突出部和刃交替地布置在接触环的内侧和外侧上。
根据另一有利实施例，突出部和刃仅布置在接触环的内侧或仅布置在接触环的外侧。
接触环可以用作包括两个接触元件的接触系统的一部分，其中接触环集成到第一接触元件中。在这种情况下，接触仅在第二接触元件和集成在第一接触元件中的接触环之间发生在一侧上。
根据所有实施例的接触环在突出部和刃的定向、布置、数量和构造方面具有高度的可调整性。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本发明，下面通过附图所示的实施例进行详细说明。相同的元件用相同的附图标记和相同的部件名称表示。此外，来自所示和描述的不同实施例的一些特征或特征的组合本身也可以是独立的创造性解决方案或根据本发明的解决方案。
图1A示出了第一和第二接触元件。
图1B示出了在已知实施例中由接触环连接的图1A中的两个接触元件。
图1C示出了具有突出部的接触环。
图2示出了根据本发明第一实施例的接触环。
图3A示出了根据本发明第一实施例的接触环连同接触元件1。
图3B示出了根据本发明第一实施例的接触环连同接触元件2。
图4示出了根据本发明第一实施例的接触环连同接触元件2，其中接触元件2的轴颈具有凹槽，接触环布置在该凹槽中。
图5A示出了根据本发明第二实施例的接触环。
图5B示出了根据本发明第二实施例的接触环连同接触元件1。
图5C示出了根据本发明第二实施例的接触环连同接触元件2。
具体实施方式
下面将参考图2至图5C详细描述本发明的实施例。
图2至图4示出了根据本发明第一实施例的接触环10。如图2所示，接触环10包括具有狭槽17的由导电材料制成的扁平环形结构。接触环10在面向内的侧104和面向外的侧1004上具有突出部104、1004。突出部104、1004从环形平面弯曲出来，逐渐变细并且具有尖端或锋利的边缘，这些尖端或锋利的边缘穿入接触元件1和2的电绝缘表面层，从而在接触元件1和2的导电芯之间建立导电连接。取决于接触元件1和2的相对表面的聚集(constellation)，突出部104、1004可以径向(如图1C中)或切向(如图2中)定向。突出部104、1004的切向定向允许更有效的组装并且因此是优选的。
此外，接触环10分别在面向内和面向外的侧上包括刃18和108，它们从环的平面弯曲出来，具有尖端或锋利的边缘，因此穿入接触元件1和2的相对表面中。刃18和108优选地但不一定均匀地设置在突出部104和1004之间。结果，刃18、108能够在最终布置状态下实现接触环10与接触元件1和2的紧密压配合。与突出部104和1004相比，刃18和108相对于环平面以更大的角度布置，因此变形更小。刃18和108在纵向方向上加强接触环10，使得突出部104和1004被减轻振动并且接触环10具有更高的整体抗振性。此外，刃18和108通过提供具有更高接触法向力的更大接触面积来降低接触电阻。
接触环10的材料优选包括镀银铜合金。与弹簧钢相比，这种材料具有良好的机械性能和良好的电热性能。
图3A和3B示出了接触环10的应用示例。接触环10布置在两个接触元件1和2之间，使得它利用突出部14和1004以及刃18和108来接触接触元件1和2的相对设置的表面。如果接触元件1和2彼此压靠，则突出部14和1004的尖端或锋利边缘以及刃18和108穿入电绝缘表面层，例如在由导电铝制成的接触元件的表面上自然形成的氧化铝层。
因此可以借助于接触环10在第一接触元件1的导电芯和第二接触元件2的导电芯之间建立导电连接，即使接触元件1和2包括将它们彼此电分离的绝缘表面。接触环10两侧的大量突出部104和1004以及刃18和108对两个接触元件1和2之间的连接的电热特性具有物理上积极的影响。
具有用于触碰接触元件1和2的尖锐的突出部104和1004以及刃18和108的接触环10的结构还使接触元件1和2的保护表面被损坏的接触部分的面积最小化。由此可以抵抗接触元件1和2的腐蚀。
图4示出了具有轴颈20的接触元件2的可能实施例，该轴颈20具有凹槽19。接触环10可通过狭槽17在径向方向上膨胀并且因此可以插入并保持在轴颈20上的凹槽19中而无需特殊的接合过程。这对于闭合的环形结构是不可能的。
图5A至5C分别单独地以及与接触元件1和接触元件2一起示出了根据本发明第二实施例的接触环。与第一实施例的接触环10一样，接触环100包括具有狭槽17的由导电材料制成的扁平环形结构。接触环100在面向外的一侧具有突出部1004。突出部1004弯曲出环形平面、逐渐变细并且具有穿入接触元件1和2的电绝缘表面层的尖端或锋利边缘，从而在接触元件1和2的导电芯之间形成导电连接。取决于接触元件1和2的相对表面的聚集，突出部1004可以径向(如图1C中)或切向(如图5A至5C中)定向。突出部1004的切向定向允许更有效的结构并且因此是优选的。
此外，接触环100在面向外的一侧包括刃108，其弯曲出环的平面，具有尖端或锋利的边缘，因此穿入接触元件1和2的相对表面。刃108优选地但不一定均匀地布置在突出部1004之间。结果，刃能够在最终布置状态下实现接触环100与接触元件1和2的紧密抵触配合。与突出部1004相比，刃108相对于环的平面以更大的角度布置，因此变形更小。刃108在纵向方向上加强接触环100，使得突出部1004因此减轻振动并且接触环100总体上具有更高的抗振性。此外，刃108通过提供具有更高接触法向力的更大接触面积来降低接触电阻。
根据第二实施例的接触环100与根据第一实施例的接触环10的不同之处在于它仅在外侧具有突出部1004和刃108而不在内侧具有突出部和刃。取决于接触元件1和2的相对表面的聚集，这种布置可以颠倒。
与根据第一实施例的接触环10一样，根据第二实施例的接触环100的材料优选地包括镀银铜合金并且其具有良好的机械性能和良好的电热性能。接触环100的设计允许通过冲压和弯曲进行简单且廉价的制造，以及非常有利的组装。
附图标记列表
1、2接触元件
3已知实施例中的接触环
4带突出部的接触环
10、100接触环
14、104、1004突出部、内突出部、外突出部
15扁平段
16闭合
17狭槽
18、108内刃、外刃
19凹槽
20轴颈

Claims (15)

1.一种接触环(10、100)，其用于至少连接导电的第一接触元件(1)和导电的第二接触元件(2)，所述接触环(10、100)包括：
包括导电材料的圆环结构或与其拓扑等同的结构，
其中，所述结构包括在至少一侧上的多个突出部(104、1004)，
其中，所述结构包括在至少一侧上的多个刃(18、108)，
其中，所述突出部(104、1004)和所述刃(18、108)被配置为使得它们接触所述接触元件(1、2)的导电材料并且在它们之间建立导电连接，
其中，所述突出部(104、1004)和所述刃(18、108)穿入所述接触元件的电绝缘表面层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的接触环(10、100)，其中，所述圆环结构或与其拓扑等同的结构以扁平方式布置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的接触环(10、100)，其中，所述圆环结构或与其拓扑等同的结构包括径向方向上的狭槽。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的接触环(10、100)，其中，每个突出部(104、1004)包括能够连接到接触元件(1、2)的锥形端部部段。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的接触环(10、100)，其中，所述突出部(104、1004)中的至少一个被弯曲以形成弹簧触点。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的接触环(10、100)，其中，每个刃(18、108)具有可连接到接触元件(1、2)的锥形端部部分。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的接触环(10、100)，其中，所述刃(18、108)的至少一部分被弯曲以形成触点。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的接触环(10、100)，其中，所述接触环(10、100)的材料包括镀银铜合金。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的接触环(10)，其中，所述内侧上的所述突出部(104)和所述外侧上的所述突出部(1004)在相反的方向上弯曲出环平面。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的接触环(10)，其中，所述内侧上的所述刃(18)和所述外侧上的所述刃(108)在相反的方向弯曲出环平面。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的接触环(10)，其中，所述接触环每侧具有五个突出部(104、1004)和六个刃(18、108)。
12.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的接触环(100)，其中，所述接触环(100)的仅一侧，外侧或内侧，具有突出部(104、1004)和刃(18、108)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的接触环(100)，其中，所述接触环在径向方向上具有狭槽，所述狭槽的边缘形成在相反的方向上弯曲出环平面的刃。
14.根据权利要求13所述的接触环(100)，其中，所述接触环在所述外侧或所述内侧上，但不在两侧上，具有16个突出部(104、1004)和九个刃(18、108)。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的接触环(10、100)，其中，所述接触环(10、100)被集成到所述接触元件中的一个中。
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