CN114539138A - 用于环境检测的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
用于环境检测的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于环境检测的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用,荧光探针具有式(1)所示的结构式,由化合物A和化合物B合成制得,光学性能稳定(探针可室温稳定存放六个月以上,其光谱性质保持不变),灵敏度较高,对铜离子识别能力强,检测时溶液由黄色变为红色,可实现裸眼识别,且选择性好,响应速度较快(响应时间5min),响应范围为0.1–10μmol·L‑1,检测限低(34nM,基于国际纯粹与应用化学联合会给出的3倍空白样品标准差的方法),可用于水体及生物体系中铜离子的检测;且制备方法简单,原料易得,合成产率较高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化学分析检测技术领域,具体涉及一种用于环境检测的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
铜是人体的第三大必须微量元素,在很多生理过程中起到非常重要的作用,如维持蛋白的功能结构,参与细胞呼吸作用、基因表达及相关金属酶催化反应。但另一方面,铜含量的异常及代谢的紊乱会导致与一系列神经退行性疾病(如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、朊病毒病等)相关的氧化应激反应。美国国家环境保护局规定了铜离子的安全限量值为1.3ppm(20μmol·L-1)。鉴于铜离子的重要生理和病理功能,因此,开发高灵敏、高选择检测铜离子的方法是非常必要的。
传统检测铜离子的方法主要有原子吸收光谱法(GonzálesA.P.S.Anal.Chim.Acta2009,636,198.),原子发射光谱法(LiuY.Talanta2005,68,25.),电感耦合等离子体质谱法(WuJ.Anal.Chem.1997,69,2464.),比色法(ShiraishiY.ACSAppl.Mater.Interfaces2013,5,3454.)及伏安法(Pathirathnap.PAnal.Chem.2012,84,6298.)。但这些方法一般都耗时较长、涉及复杂繁琐的样品处理过程或需要昂贵的精密仪器等。而利用分子探针荧光法检测铜离子具有样品处理简洁、成本低廉及操作简便快速等优点,近年来得到了快速发展与利用。但目前开发的用于检测铜离子的荧光探针分子其激发及发射波长大都在中短波段区域(ChenT.Biosens.Bioelectron.2015,66,259;YangM.Sens.ActuatorsB2014,204,710;ZhangL.Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.2013,23,3511.),这样不利于复杂样品背景干扰的消除,由于波段的光生物穿透能力弱且存在生物损伤性,因此不利于生物样品的检测。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于环境工程监测和检测的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用,用以解决目前现有检测方法耗时较长、涉及复杂繁琐的样品处理过程或需要昂贵的精密仪器的缺点,以及现有荧光探针难以应对复杂样品背景干扰的技术问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种用于环境检测的荧光探针,其分子结构式如式(1)所示:
上述技术方案的设计思路在于,本发明一方面利用铜离子能选择性地水解吡啶甲酸酯的特有反应性质,将其作为荧光探针中铜离子的响应基团;另一方面在分子结构中引入二氰基异氟尔酮电子基团,利用其分子结构中酚羟基为给电子基团的大π共轭推拉体系具有很好的长波长荧光发射性能这一分子特性设计荧光基团,并在其中的酚羟基邻位引入卤素原子,使得探针的pKa值可调节,由于卤素原子较氢原子更强的电负性,因此荧光团的更容易形成酚氧负离子,从使探针可在生理pH值溶液体系中产生强的荧光发射,且通过在酚羟基位引入不同的吸电子基团能改变荧光基团的推拉电子体系的特性从而改变其荧光性质,最终获得了发射波长较长、响应效果好的用于检测铜离子的荧光探针,本发明荧光探针遇到铜离子后,铜离子能催化水解吡啶甲酸酯,从而释放有强ICT(分子内电荷转移)效应的、卤素取代的二氰基异氟尔酮大π体系,使探针溶液紫外吸收发生显著红移(颜色由黄色变为红色)且荧光发射显著增强,室温下便可以对铜离子进行检测,上述荧光探针分子具有良好的稳定性和光学性质,反应前最大吸收波长为~400nm,无显著荧光发射;随着铜离子的加入,探针分子紫外光波红移至~500nm处,并在~660nm处呈现及强的荧光发射。
作为上述技术方案的进一步优选,所述荧光探针对铜离子的检测浓度为0.1~10μmol·L-1,检测限为34nmol·L-1。
基于同一技术构思,本发明还提供一种上述荧光探针的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将化合物A和化合物B溶于溶剂中,反应1~24h,得到混合溶液;其中化合物A的分子结构式如式(2)所示:
S2、将所述混合溶液进行分离、纯化,即得所述荧光探针。
上述技术方案的设计思路在于,本发明通过简单流程即获得了特定荧光探针,原料易得,合成产率较高(在84%以上),为荧光探针的大规模生产和应用提供了现实上的可能性。
作为上述技术方案的进一步优选,S1中所述化合物A和化合物B在催化剂的催化作用下进行反应,所述催化剂包括三乙胺、4-二甲氨基吡啶、二环己基碳二亚胺、N,N-二异丙基碳二亚胺和1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺中的至少一种。
作为上述技术方案的进一步优选,S1中所述化合物A和化合物B的反应温度为20~100℃。温度会对化合物之间的反应速率产生影响,本优选方案所限定的反应温度范围即可保证反应速率处在较高水平,又可避免因温度过高造成的原料、溶剂等物质的挥发。
作为上述技术方案的进一步优选,所述溶剂包括二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺和N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的至少一种。上述溶剂不含羟基、氨基等反应型基团,不与原料产生反应,且熔沸点适中,有利于反应的顺利、高效进行。
作为上述技术方案的进一步优选,所述吡啶甲酸衍生物为吡啶甲酰氯或吡啶甲酰溴。
基于同一技术构思,本发明还提供一种上述的荧光探针的应用,所述荧光探针用于水体中铜离子的定性及定量测定,或所述荧光探针用于生物体系中铜离子的定性测定。
作为上述技术方案的进一步优选,所述荧光探针应用于水体中铜离子的定量检测,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)绘制标准曲线:将所述荧光探针溶于磷酸缓冲溶液中,得到探针溶液;向所述探针溶液中加入不同浓度的铜离子并测量特定波长下加入铜离子后所述探针溶液的荧光强度,以所得的荧光发射强度对探针溶液中铜离子的浓度绘制标准曲线;
(2)将待测水体样品配置成待测溶液,在所述待测溶液中加入所述荧光探针,测定其在所述特定波长下的荧光强度,根据该荧光强度和所述标准曲线即得到所述待测溶液中铜离子的浓度。
作为上述技术方案的进一步优选,所述荧光探针应用于生物样品的定性检测,具体包括以下步骤:将所述生物样品与所述荧光探针一同进行培育后,利用荧光成像的方法对所述生物样品进行定性分析。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
(1)本发明的荧光探针光学性能稳定(探针可室温稳定存放六个月以上,其光谱性质保持不变),灵敏度较高,对铜离子识别能力强,检测时溶液由黄色变为红色,可实现裸眼识别,且选择性好,响应速度较快(响应时间5min),响应范围为0.1–10μmol·L-1,检测限低(34nM,基于国际纯粹与应用化学联合会给出的3倍空白样品标准差的方法),可用于水体及生物体系中铜离子的检测;
(2)本发明的荧光探针制备方法简单,原料易得,合成产率较高。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的荧光探针的核磁共振氢谱图;
图2为实施例1的荧光探针在加入不同浓度铜离子后荧光发射光谱图;
图3为实施例1的铜离子浓度-荧光强度标准曲线图;
图4为实施例1的荧光探针对铜离子选择性测试结果图;
图5为实施例1的荧光探针检测Hela细胞内Cu2+的成像图片。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1:
本实施例的荧光探针,其分子结构式如式(1)所示:
本实施例的荧光探针的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将化合物B(2-吡啶甲酰氯,添加量为141mg,1.0mmol)和催化剂(三乙胺,添加量为0.69mL,5.0mmol)加入到化合物A(359mg,1.0mmol)的无水二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液中,室温25℃反应2h,得到混合溶液;其中化合物A的分子结构式如式(2)所示:
S2、对混合溶液旋蒸除去溶剂,再通过硅胶层析柱纯化(洗脱剂为二氯甲烷),收集固体即为荧光探针(产物389mg,产率84%),对荧光探针采用核磁共振氢谱分析,谱图如图1所示:
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.41(s,2H),6.83(q,J=16.2Hz,3H),6.02–5.78(m,1H),5.34(dd,J=39.9,13.8Hz,2H),4.73(d,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.54(s,2H),2.36(s,2H),1.01(s,6H).MS:m/z,理论值:[M+H]+465.35;测量值:465.33。
本实施例的荧光探针用于水体中铜离子的定量检测时,包括以下步骤:
S1、标准曲线的绘制:将上荧光探针溶解于水与二甲基亚砜的混合缓冲溶液中(H2O/DMSO=9/1,v/v,10mM磷酸缓冲液,pH7.4)),配制成10μmol·L-1的探针溶液。在3mL的比色皿中加入2mL配制的10μmol·L-1的本发明探针溶液,然后分别加入不同浓度的铜离子后均匀混合(从a-n共计14组,浓度分别为0、0.1、0.2、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10μmol·L-1),测试其荧光光谱,结果如图2所示。以溶液在660nm处荧光发射强度对Cu2+的浓度作图,如图3所示(10μmol·L-1分子探针,反应前后在660nm处荧光发射强度和铜离子浓度的线性关系;横坐标为铜离子的浓度,纵坐标为荧光强度),Cu2+浓度在0.1~10μmol·L-1范围内时,两者之间呈现良好的线性关系,能实现该浓度范围内Cu2+的定量检测,而且溶液由黄色变为红色,也适用于裸眼检测。
S2、水体检测:将待测水体样品配置成待测溶液,在待测溶液中加入荧光探针,测定其在特定波长下的荧光强度,根据该荧光强度和所述标准曲线即得到待测溶液中铜离子的浓度。
本实施例在水体中添加了干扰离子,以检测荧光探针的抗干扰性能,结果如图4(10μM本发明分子探针,加入10μmol·L-1不同离子(Pb2+、Mn2+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Cd2+、Ca2+、Li+、Zn2+、K+、Fe2+)后,在660nm处荧光发射强度的变化;横坐标为测试的干扰离子,纵坐标为荧光强度)所示,由图4可知在上述干扰离子存在的条件下,探针对Cu2+仍具有良好的选择性和灵敏度,且响应速度较快(时间为5分钟)。
本实施例的荧光探针用于生物组织样品(Hela细胞)中铜离子的定性检测时,包括以下步骤:
将生物组织样品(Hela细胞)与荧光探针一同进行培育后,利用荧光成像的方法对生物组织样品(Hela细胞)进行定性分析,如图5所示,(A)、(B)分别是本实施例荧光探针(10μmol·L-1)培养的HeLa的明场图片和荧光图片,(C)、(D)分别是荧光探针(10μmol·L-1)和Cu2+(10μmol·L-1)培养的Hela细胞的明场图片和荧光图片,可见荧光成像可观测到红色荧光(图中显示灰色),证明本实施例的荧光探针可用于定性检测生物组织样品中的铜离子。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例。对于本技术领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术构思前提下所得到的改进和变换也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
2.根据权利要求1所述的荧光探针,其特征在于,所述荧光探针对铜离子的检测浓度为0.1~10μmol·L-1,检测限为34nmol·L-1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中所述化合物A和化合物B在催化剂的催化作用下进行反应,所述催化剂包括三乙胺、4-二甲氨基吡啶、二环己基碳二亚胺、N,N-二异丙基碳二亚胺和1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中所述化合物A和化合物B的反应温度为20~100℃。
6.根据权利要求3所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂包括二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺和N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求3-6任一项所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述吡啶甲酸衍生物为吡啶甲酰氯或吡啶甲酰溴。
8.一种权利要求1或2所述的荧光探针的应用,其特征在于,所述荧光探针用于水体中铜离子的定性及定量测定,或所述荧光探针用于生物体系中铜离子的定性测定。
9.根据权利要求8所述的荧光探针的应用,其特征在于,所述荧光探针应用于水体中铜离子的定量检测,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)绘制标准曲线:将所述荧光探针溶于磷酸缓冲溶液中,得到探针溶液;向所述探针溶液中加入不同浓度的铜离子并测量特定波长下加入铜离子后所述探针溶液的荧光强度,以所得的荧光发射强度对探针溶液中铜离子的浓度绘制标准曲线;
(2)将待测水体样品配置成待测溶液,在所述待测溶液中加入所述荧光探针,测定其在所述特定波长下的荧光强度,根据该荧光强度和所述标准曲线即得到所述待测溶液中铜离子的浓度。
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