CN114535802A - Laser welding device capable of rotating and welding method thereof - Google Patents
Laser welding device capable of rotating and welding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114535802A CN114535802A CN202210351472.6A CN202210351472A CN114535802A CN 114535802 A CN114535802 A CN 114535802A CN 202210351472 A CN202210351472 A CN 202210351472A CN 114535802 A CN114535802 A CN 114535802A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 320
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 11
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
- B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
- B23K26/0884—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions in at least in three axial directions, e.g. manipulators, robots
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The invention relates to a welding device and a welding method, in particular to a laser welding device capable of realizing rotation and a welding method thereof, which solve the technical problems that when the traditional welding workpiece adopts two-time welding, welding spatter is large, smoke pollution is serious, welding deformation is large, when argon arc welding is adopted, operation requirement is high, production efficiency is low, and batch automatic production of the welding workpiece is difficult to realize by both the two welding methods. The laser welding device capable of realizing rotation comprises a three-axis movement mechanism, a welding mechanism and an optical welding head; the three-axis movement mechanism comprises a base, a first driving unit arranged on the sliding frame and used for driving the sliding frame to move along the y axis, a sliding plate arranged on the sliding frame, and a second driving unit arranged on the switching mechanism and used for driving the sliding plate to move along the x axis; the invention also provides a laser welding method capable of realizing rotation, which solves the problem of welding workpieces and components thereof, and particularly effectively solves the problem of welding a cover hub.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a welding device and a using method thereof, in particular to a laser welding device capable of realizing rotation and a welding method thereof.
Background
Laser welding is an efficient precision welding method using a laser beam with high energy density as a heat source, and is one of important methods for applying laser material processing technology. Laser welding can be realized by using continuous or pulse laser beams, and the principles of laser welding can be divided into heat conduction type laser welding and laser deep fusion welding. 2, the power density is less than 104-105W/cm, and the welding is heat conduction welding, wherein the melting depth is shallow and the welding speed is slow; when the power density is more than 105-107W/cm 2, the metal surface is recessed into 'holes' under the action of heat to form deep fusion welding, and the method has the characteristics of high welding speed and large depth-to-width ratio. The heat conduction type laser welding principle is as follows: the laser radiation heats the surface of a workpiece to be processed, the heat on the surface of the workpiece is guided to the inside of the workpiece to be diffused through heat conduction, and the workpiece is melted by controlling laser parameters such as the width, the energy, the peak power, the repetition frequency and the like of laser pulses to form a specific molten pool.
The laser deep fusion welding mainly relates to a laser welding machine for welding gears and metallurgical thin plates; laser deep melting welding generally adopts continuous laser beams to complete material connection, the metallurgical physical process of the laser deep melting welding is very similar to electron beam welding, and an energy conversion mechanism is completed through a 'keyhole' structure. Under sufficiently high power density laser irradiation, the material evaporates and forms pores. The vapor filled aperture acts as a black body and absorbs substantially all of the incident beam energy, the equilibrium temperature in the cavity is about 2500 ℃, and heat is transferred from the outer wall of the high temperature cavity to melt the metal surrounding the cavity. The pores are filled with high-temperature steam generated by continuous evaporation of the wall material under the irradiation of the light beam, the walls of the pores surround the molten metal, and the periphery of the liquid metal surrounds the solid material (in most conventional welding processes and laser conduction welding, energy is firstly deposited on the surface of a workpiece and then is transmitted into the interior of the workpiece by transmission). The liquid flow outside the pore wall and the surface tension of the wall layer are in accordance with the steam pressure continuously generated in the pore cavity and keep dynamic balance. The light beam continuously enters the small hole, the material outside the small hole continuously flows, and the small hole is always in a flowing stable state along with the movement of the light beam. That is, the keyhole and the molten metal surrounding the keyhole wall move forward with the forward velocity of the pilot beam, and the molten metal fills the void left by the removal of the keyhole and condenses with it, thereby forming a weld. The above process occurs very fast, and the welding speed can easily reach several meters per minute.
The cover hub is used as an important component of a heavy-duty vehicle type speed changer such as a motor home, the welding quality of each welding position plays an important role in the overall usability of the motor home, a welding seam is usually an arc curve rather than a straight line, and a mode of welding while rotating is needed in the welding process, so that certain difficulty exists in welding. The traditional cover wheel hub welding generally adopts two-protection welding and argon arc welding, but the two-protection welding has the problems of larger splashing, serious smoke pollution, large welding deformation and the like in the welding process; the argon arc welding also has the problems of high operation requirement and low production efficiency, and the two are not easy to realize automatic control, so that the problems bring serious adverse effects to the batch automatic production of the cover hub.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that when the traditional welding workpiece adopts secondary protection welding, the welding spatter is large, the smoke pollution is serious, the welding deformation is large, and when argon arc welding is adopted, the operation requirement is high, the production efficiency is low, and batch automatic production of the welding workpiece is difficult to realize by both welding methods.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a laser welding device capable of realizing rotation is characterized in that: the device comprises a three-axis movement mechanism, a welding mechanism and an optical welding head;
the three-axis movement mechanism comprises a base, a sliding frame arranged on the base, a first driving unit arranged on the sliding frame and used for driving the sliding frame to move along the y-axis direction, a sliding plate arranged on the sliding frame, a switching mechanism fixedly arranged on the sliding plate, and a second driving unit arranged on the switching mechanism and used for driving the sliding plate to move along the x-axis direction;
the switching mechanism comprises a connecting plate, a ball screw, an upper sliding block, a lower sliding block, a second driving motor and two limiting blocks, wherein the upper sliding block and the lower sliding block are arranged on the ball screw;
the ball screw penetrates through the two limiting blocks, one end of the ball screw is connected with the output of a second driving motor, and the second driving motor drives the ball screw to drive the upper sliding block and the lower sliding block to move between the two limiting blocks;
the optical welding head is arranged on the upper sliding block and the lower sliding block, and the second driving motor drives the optical welding head to move along the z-axis direction through the upper sliding block and the lower sliding block;
the welding mechanism is arranged on the base and positioned below the optical welding head, and comprises a rotary table, a four-jaw chuck and a positioning tool which are sequentially connected from bottom to top, and a first driving motor which is arranged on the base and drives the rotary table, wherein the rotary table is arranged on the base, and jaws of the four-jaw chuck are used for clamping the positioning tool;
a first sliding assembly is arranged between the sliding frame and the base, and a second sliding assembly is arranged between the sliding plate and the sliding frame.
Further, the sliding frame comprises two vertical beams arranged on the base and a cross beam fixedly connected with the upper ends of the two vertical beams respectively;
the first sliding assembly comprises a pair of first sliding rails arranged on two sides of the base and a pair of first sliding chutes respectively arranged at the lower ends of the two vertical beams;
the first sliding rail is matched with the first sliding groove;
the second sliding assembly comprises a pair of second sliding rails arranged on the cross beam and a pair of second sliding grooves which are respectively arranged below the sliding plate and matched with the pair of second sliding rails.
Furthermore, the first driving unit and the second driving unit have the same structure and respectively comprise a driving motor, a rack, a gear meshed with the rack and a transmission structure consisting of a toothed belt, a driving belt wheel matched with the toothed belt and a driven belt wheel;
the two racks of the first driving unit are respectively arranged on the two side walls of the base;
the two driving motors of the first driving unit are respectively and fixedly arranged on the two vertical beams, and the output ends of the two driving motors are respectively connected with the driving belt wheel; the driven belt wheel and the gear are coaxially arranged on the vertical beam through a bearing; a driving motor of the first driving unit drives the vertical beam to slide along the y-axis direction through a transmission structure;
two racks of the second driving unit are respectively arranged between the pair of second sliding rails on the cross beam;
the driving motor of the second driving unit is arranged on the connecting plate, the output end of the driving motor is connected with the driving belt wheel of the second driving unit, and the driven belt wheel and the gear are coaxially arranged on the sliding plate through a bearing; a gear of the second driving unit is meshed with a rack on the cross beam; and the driving motor of the second driving unit drives the sliding plate to slide along the x-axis direction through the transmission structure.
Furthermore, a compressed air nozzle and an argon protection nozzle of the optical welding head are respectively arranged on the two sides of the optical welding head;
the compressed air nozzle and the argon protection nozzle of the optical welding head are both used for connecting an external air source;
the knob of the optical welding head is arranged on the side wall of the front surface of the optical welding head and is used for adjusting the size of an output light spot of the optical welding head;
a light screen is arranged below the optical welding head, the light screen is arranged along an output light path of the optical welding head, and a light passing hole is formed in the light screen and used for passing through output laser of the optical welding head; the optical bonding head is used to mount the optical fiber.
Further, the driving motors of the first driving motor, the second driving motor, the first driving unit and the second driving unit are all servo motors.
Further, the device also comprises a control module; the control module is respectively electrically connected with the first driving motor, the second driving motor, the driving motors of the first driving unit and the second driving unit, and the control device of the compressed air nozzle and the argon protection nozzle.
In addition, the invention also provides a laser welding method capable of realizing rotation, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparation before welding
1.1) determining the welding depth and position according to the specification of a welding workpiece;
1.2) cleaning the welding part of the welding workpiece;
step 2: debugging
2.1) clamping the positioning tool on a four-jaw chuck, and then positioning a welding workpiece;
2.2) adjusting the position of the welding mechanism and the compressed air and argon gas source;
2.3) connecting a control module;
2.4) setting welding parameters;
and step 3: welding of
Pressing a start button of the control module to start welding;
and 4, step 4: checking the welding quality, and executing the step 5 after the quality is determined to be not different;
and 5: and (5) repeating the step (3) and the step (4) to carry out continuous welding until all the welded workpieces are finished.
Further, in step 1, the welding workpiece is a cover hub;
in step 1.1), determining the welding depth according to the specification of the welding workpiece specifically comprises:
when the thickness of the cover wheel hub and the components thereof is 2mm, the welding depth is 1.5-2 mm;
when the thickness of the cover hub and the components thereof is 3mm, the welding depth is 2.5-3 mm.
Further, the step 2.1) is specifically as follows: and testing and adjusting the four-jaw chuck by using a dial indicator to ensure that the end face circle runout of the positioning tool is less than 0.05mm, and sleeving the hub of the to-be-welded cover and the assembly thereof which are cleaned completely into the positioning tool. Because the welding seam of the cover wheel hub and the assembly thereof has a clearance of only 0.1mm, and the circular runout of the positioning tool is less than 0.05mm, the cover wheel hub and the assembly thereof can be ensured to be in a rotating process, so that the spot center of the optical welding head and the welding seam center are kept to be completely coincided, and further the welding penetration and the accuracy are ensured.
Further, the gas source in the step 2.2) is a compressed air source and an argon gas source, and the step 2.2) specifically comprises the following steps:
2.2.1) adjusting a knob on the optical welding head to adjust the diameter of a circular output light spot of the optical welding head to 2.5 mm; the light spot is adjusted to be 2.5mm so as to adjust the power density by combining the output power of the optical fiber, further meet the requirement of penetration depth and avoid welding through or insufficient penetration depth of the cover hub and components thereof;
2.2.2) adjusting a compressed air source to ensure that the compressed air source is dry and the pressure is more than 0.2 MP; the front-end protective lens of the optical welding head can be effectively protected when the pressure of the compressed air is more than 0.2MPa, and the front-end protective lens is easy to burn due to splashing when the pressure is too small for welding;
2.2.3 adjusting the three-axis movement mechanism, moving the optical welding head to an initial welding position, and adjusting the height of the lower edge of the light screen and the position of the workpiece to be welded, wherein the height difference between the lower edge of the light screen and the position of the workpiece to be welded is 132-133 mm; the welding working distance is adjusted to 132mm-133mm so as to have enough defocusing amount and avoid splashing to burn the front protective lens;
2.2.4) adjusting the flow of an argon gas source to be 18-20L/min, and ensuring that an argon protection nozzle is opposite to the position of a light spot, and the height distance between the argon protection nozzle and the light spot is 15-20 mm; argon gas flow is 18-20L/min, and just for the facula height be 15-20mm, can be at the better protection molten bath of welding process, make cover wheel hub welding back welding seam more level and smooth even, pressure too can make the molten bath undulant too big in welding process, cover wheel hub welding back welding bead surface fold is uneven, pressure too little or the position not to making cover wheel hub's welding bead surface oxidation, the slagging aggravation, the welding back surface welding slag is serious and the inside gas pocket of producing of welding bead and the defect of mingling easily.
2.2.5) adjusting the speed of the rotary table to be 10 r/min. The turntable speed provides a proper welding speed for 10r/min, so that the requirements of the penetration depth and the surface of the hub of the cover are better met under the condition of proper laser power output, the penetration depth is insufficient or welding pores occur at an excessively high speed, and the penetration depth is excessively deep or a heat affected zone is excessively large and the deformation is increased at an excessively low speed.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the laser welding device capable of realizing rotation and the welding method thereof, laser is used as a welding heat source, so that the energy consumption is low, the pollution is very small, the energy consumption is greatly reduced, no smoke and dust is splashed in the welding process, and the environment-friendly production is really realized; the laser welding process is a fast heating and fast cooling process, so that the heat influence on the welding workpiece and the component is small, the deformation of the welding workpiece and the component is small, and the tolerance precision of the welding workpiece and the component is greatly ensured; the welded surfaces of the welding workpiece and the components thereof are flat, smooth and beautiful, secondary processing is not needed, and the welding workpiece and the components thereof can be directly assembled; particularly, the welding of one cover hub and the components thereof can be controlled within 6-7s in the whole light-emitting welding process, the time consumption is short, the efficiency is high, the operation is convenient, and the automatic welding is easy to realize; thereby the problem of cover wheel hub and subassembly in the welding has effectually been solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a laser welding apparatus capable of rotating according to the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures are:
1-optical welding head, 2-base, 3-bottom beam, 4-vertical beam, 5-crossbeam, 6-sliding plate, 7-toothed belt, 8-positioning tool, 9-four-jaw chuck, 10-rotary table, 11-first driving motor, 12-optical fiber, 13-connecting plate, 14-upper and lower sliding blocks, 15-limiting block, 16-driving motor, 17-gear, 18-rack, 19-compressed air nozzle, 20-argon protection nozzle, 21-knob, 22-light screen, 23-second driving motor and 24-ball screw.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the technical solutions of the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a laser welding apparatus capable of realizing rotation includes a three-axis movement mechanism, a welding mechanism, and an optical welding head 1; the three-axis movement mechanism comprises a base 2, a sliding frame arranged on the base 2, a first driving unit arranged on the sliding frame and used for driving the sliding frame to move along the y-axis direction, a sliding plate 6 arranged on the sliding frame, a switching mechanism fixedly installed on the sliding plate 6, and a second driving unit arranged on the switching mechanism and used for driving the sliding plate 6 to move along the x-axis direction; the sliding frame comprises two vertical beams 4 arranged on the base 2 and a cross beam 5 fixedly connected with the upper ends of the two vertical beams 4 respectively;
the switching mechanism comprises a connecting plate 13, a ball screw 24, an upper slider 14 and a lower slider 14 which are arranged on the ball screw 24, a second driving motor 23 and two limiting blocks 15 which are fixedly arranged at two ends of the connecting plate 13; the ball screw 24 penetrates through the two limiting blocks 15, one end of the ball screw is connected with the output of the second driving motor 23, and the second driving motor 23 drives the ball screw 24 to drive the upper and lower sliding blocks 14 to move between the two limiting blocks 15; the optical welding head 1 is arranged on the upper and lower sliding blocks 14, and the second driving motor 23 drives the optical welding head 1 to move along the z-axis direction through the upper and lower sliding blocks 14;
the welding mechanism is arranged on the base 2 and positioned below the optical welding head 1, and comprises a rotary table 10, a four-jaw chuck 9 and a positioning tool 8 which are sequentially connected from bottom to top, and a first driving motor 11 which is arranged on the base 2 and drives the rotary table 10, wherein the rotary table 10 is arranged on the base 2, and jaws of the four-jaw chuck 9 are used for clamping the positioning tool 8;
in addition, a first sliding component is arranged between the sliding frame and the base 2, and a second sliding component is arranged between the sliding plate 6 and the sliding frame. The first sliding assembly comprises a pair of first sliding rails arranged on two sides of the base 2 and a pair of first sliding chutes respectively arranged at the lower ends of the two vertical beams 4; the first sliding rail is matched with the first sliding groove;
the second sliding assembly comprises a pair of second sliding rails arranged on the cross beam 5 and a pair of second sliding chutes respectively arranged below the sliding plate 6 and matched with the pair of second sliding rails.
In the embodiment, the first driving unit and the second driving unit have the same structure, and both include a driving motor 16, a rack 18, a gear 17 engaged with the rack 18, and a transmission structure composed of a toothed belt 7, a driving pulley adapted to the toothed belt 7, and a driven pulley; the first drive motor 11, the second drive motor 23, the drive motors 16 of the first drive unit and the second drive unit are all servo motors.
The number of the racks 18 of the first driving unit is two, and the racks are respectively arranged on two side walls of the base 2; two driving motors 16 of the first driving unit are respectively and fixedly arranged on the two vertical beams 4, and the output ends of the driving motors are respectively connected with a driving belt wheel; the driven belt wheel and the gear 17 are coaxially arranged on the vertical beam 4 through a bearing; a driving motor 16 of the first driving unit drives the vertical beam 4 to slide along the y-axis direction through a transmission structure;
two racks 18 of the second driving unit are respectively arranged between a pair of second sliding rails on the cross beam 5; a driving motor 16 of the second driving unit is arranged on the connecting plate 13, the output end of the driving motor is connected with a driving belt wheel of the second driving unit, and a driven belt wheel and a gear 17 are coaxially arranged on the sliding plate 6 through a bearing; the gear 17 of the second drive unit is meshed with the rack 18 on the cross beam 5; the driving motor 16 of the second driving unit drives the sliding plate 6 to slide along the x-axis direction through a transmission structure.
For further explanation, in this embodiment, two bottom beams 3 may be further disposed on two side walls of the base 2, the two bottom beams 3 may be integrally formed with the base 2, two racks 18 of the first driving unit are respectively disposed on outer sides of the two bottom beams 3, and a pair of first sliding rails is respectively disposed on the two bottom beams 3; the lower ends of the two vertical beams 4 are respectively provided with a pair of first chutes, the two vertical beams 4 are respectively provided with two driving motors 16, the central shafts of two driven pulleys of the first driving unit respectively penetrate through bearings (wherein, the bearings and the driven pulleys are coaxially arranged) on the two vertical beams 4 and are coaxially connected with corresponding gears 17, and the output ends of the two driving motors 16 of the first driving unit are respectively connected with two driving pulleys thereof; the driving belt wheel rotates the two driven belt wheels through the toothed belt 7, so that the two vertical beams 4 respectively move along a pair of first sliding rails on the two bottom beams 3 (namely, the two vertical beams 4 are driven to move along the y-axis direction).
The four-jaw chuck 9 is matched with the positioning tool 8, and the four-jaw chuck 9 is used for clamping and adjusting the end face circle run-out of the positioning tool 8 to be less than 0.05 mm; the positioning tool 8 is used for clamping a welding workpiece and can be directly clamped on the four-jaw chuck 9, so that the purpose is to realize quick vertical clamping and positioning of different workpieces, ensure the continuity and stability of welding operation and improve the accuracy of a welding position; the four-jaw chuck 9 and the rotary table 10 are mechanically connected together through 4 mounting holes, and the direction of the four-jaw chuck 9 is vertically upward, namely, in the positive direction along the z axis; the turntable 10 and the first driving motor 11 are mechanically connected through a fixed mounting hole, wherein the first driving motor 11 is an L-shaped servo motor, and aims to realize the uniform rotation of the turntable 10 with large span and high precision.
The optical bonding head 1 is used for mounting an optical fiber 12; the triaxial movement mechanism drives the optical welding head 1 to realize welding of the welding workpiece.
In the embodiment, the welding workpiece is a cover hub and components thereof, a compressed air nozzle 19 and an argon protection nozzle 20 of the optical welding head 1 are respectively arranged at two sides of the optical welding head 1, the compressed air nozzle 19 is used for protecting an optical lens at the front end of the optical welding head 1, and the argon protection nozzle 20 is used for protecting a molten pool in the welding process, isolating air, reducing welding defects and impurities and reducing splashing and smoke dust; the compressed air nozzle 19 and the argon protection nozzle 20 are connected with an external air source through air hoses, the compressed air nozzle 19 is connected with an air compressor, and the argon protection nozzle 20 is connected with an argon tank.
The optical welding head 1 is also provided with an optical fiber 12 and a shading plate 22; the knob 21 of the optical welding head 1 is arranged on the front side wall of the optical welding head 1 and is used for adjusting the size of an output light spot of the optical welding head 1; the light shielding plate 22 is arranged along an output light path of the optical welding head 1, and a light passing hole is formed in the light shielding plate 22 and used for the output light of the optical welding head 1 to pass through; the light shielding plate 22 is used for preventing reflected light from being incident to the optical lens and the cavity inside the optical welding head 1 during welding, so as to damage the optical lens and the cavity and further affect the quality of light spots formed by the light source.
The control line signal of the optical fiber 12, the first driving motor 11, the second driving motor 23, the driving motor 16 of the first driving unit, the driving motor 16 of the second driving unit and the compressed air nozzle 19 are integrated in the last control module and electrically connected with the control device of the argon protection nozzle 20, so that the optical fiber 12 can be controlled to open or close the laser through a program; in addition, the control module is also integrated with electromagnetic valve signals of a compressed air nozzle 19 and an argon protection nozzle 20, and the electromagnetic valves of the compressed air nozzle 19 and the argon protection nozzle 20 are controlled to be opened or stopped to realize the connection or disconnection of the two gases; in this embodiment, the first driving motor 11, the second driving motor 23, and the driving motors 16 of the first driving unit and the second driving unit are all servo motors, and their respective signals are all uniformly connected to the control module, so as to realize that the three-axis movement mechanism drives the movement and speed of the optical welding head 1 in the x, y, and z directions, and control the starting, stopping, and rotating speeds of the plurality of servo motors.
In addition, the invention also provides a laser welding method capable of realizing rotation, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparation before welding
1.1) determining the welding depth and position according to the specification of a welding workpiece;
the specific method for determining the welding depth according to the specification of the welding workpiece comprises the following steps:
when the thickness of the cover hub and the components thereof is 2mm, the required welding depth is 1.5-2 mm;
when the thickness of the cover hub and its components is 3mm, a welding depth of 2.5-3mm is required.
1.2) cleaning the welding part of the welding workpiece;
step 2: debugging
2.1) clamping the positioning tool 8 on a four-jaw chuck 9, and then positioning a welding workpiece;
and testing and adjusting the four-jaw chuck 9 by using a dial indicator to ensure that the end face circle run-out of the positioning tool 8 is less than 0.05mm, and sleeving the hub of the to-be-welded cover cleaned completely and the assembly thereof into the positioning tool 8.
2.2) adjusting the position of the welding mechanism and the compressed air and argon gas source; the gas source in the embodiment is a compressed air source and an argon gas source;
2.2.1) adjusting a knob 21 on the optical welding head 1 to adjust the diameter of a circular output light spot of the optical welding head 1 to be 2.5 mm;
2.2.2) adjusting a compressed air source to ensure that the compressed air source is dry and the pressure is more than 0.2 MP;
2.2.3 adjusting the three-axis movement mechanism, moving the optical welding head 1 to an initial welding position, and adjusting the height of the lower edge of the light shielding plate 21 and the position to be welded of the workpiece to be welded, wherein the height difference between the lower edge of the light shielding plate and the position to be welded is 132-133 mm;
2.2.4) adjusting the flow of an argon gas source to be 18-20L/min, and ensuring that the argon protection gas nozzle 20 is opposite to the position of the light spot, and the height distance between the argon protection gas nozzle 20 and the light spot is 15-20 mm;
2.2.5) adjust the speed of the turntable 10 to 10 r/min.
2.3) connecting a control module;
2.4) setting welding parameters;
and step 3: welding of
Pressing a start button of the control module to start welding;
and 4, step 4: checking the welding quality, and executing the step 5 after the quality is determined to be not different;
and 5: and (5) repeating the step (3) and the step (4) to carry out continuous welding until all the welding workpieces are welded.
In order to further explain the laser welding method capable of realizing rotation, the examples of the embodiment are as follows:
1) preparing before welding:
and determining the welding position and specification of the hub and the components of the hub, and wiping and cleaning the inner side and the outer side of the welding position of the hub and the components of the hub by using industrial alcohol.
The specific specifications of hubs and their components currently fall into three categories:
1. when the thickness of the hub to be welded and the components thereof is 2mm, the welding depth is required to be 1.5-2 mm;
2. the thickness of the hub to be welded and the components thereof is 3mm, and the welding depth is required to be 1.5-2 mm; 3. the thickness of the hub to be welded and the components thereof is 3mm, and the welding depth is required to be 2.5-3 mm;
2) debugging welding mechanism
Clamping the positioning tool 8 on the four-jaw chuck 9, testing by using a dial indicator and adjusting the four-jaw chuck 9 to enable the end face circle run-out of the positioning tool 8 in the rotating process to be less than 0.05mm, and sleeving the cleaned cover hub and the components thereof into the positioning tool 8.
Adjusting a knob 21 on the optical welding head 1, adjusting the diameter of a circular light spot of the optical welding head 1 to be 2-2.5mm, adjusting a compressed air nozzle 19 to ensure that the circular light spot is dry and the pressure is greater than 0.2MP, adjusting a three-axis movement mechanism, moving the optical welding head 1 to an initial welding position, adjusting the height distance difference between the lower edge of a welding head light shielding plate 22 and the position to be welded of a cover hub to 133mm, adjusting the flow of argon gas or protective gas to 20L/min, and ensuring that the argon gas protective nozzle 20 is over against the position of the light spot and the height distance is 20 mm.
The control module realizes that the output power of laser and the movement path of the optical welding head 1 are controllable, and the cover hub and the components thereof can be continuously and automatically welded after being assembled and disassembled. Adjusting the speed of the turntable 10 to 10r/min, and adjusting the output power of the optical fiber 12 according to the cover hubs and components thereof with different specifications, wherein the output power is generally 1800W, 2200W and 2800W;
3) light-emitting welding
And pressing a start button of the control module, and wearing protective glasses to observe the light welding.
4) Inspection of welding quality
After the wheel hub and the wheel hub assembly are welded for one circle, the optical welding head 1 is controlled to be lifted to a set height, a workpiece is taken, the quality of a welding part is checked, and the welding bead of the welding part is ensured to be smooth, flat and uniform without the defects of inclusion, air hole cracks and the like.
5) Continuous welding
And (4) after the quality is determined to be the same, putting the cover hubs into a finished product area, taking the cover hubs with the same specification, sleeving the cover hubs to a positioning tool 8, and repeating the step 3) and the step 4) to further realize continuous welding until the welding of all the cover hubs to be welded and the assemblies thereof is finished.
In addition, the invention also provides a laser welding method capable of realizing rotation, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparation before welding
1.1) determining the welding depth and position according to the specification of a welding workpiece;
the specific method for determining the welding depth according to the specification of the welding workpiece comprises the following steps:
when the thickness of the cover hub and the components thereof is 2mm, the welding depth is 1.5-2 mm;
when the thickness of the cover hub and its components is 3mm, the welding depth is 2.5-3 mm.
1.2) cleaning the welding part of the welding workpiece;
and 2, step: debugging
2.1) clamping the positioning tool on a four-jaw chuck, and then positioning a welding workpiece;
and testing and adjusting the four-jaw chuck by using a dial indicator to ensure that the end face circle runout of the positioning tool is less than 0.05mm, and sleeving the hub of the to-be-welded cover and the assembly thereof which are cleaned completely into the positioning tool.
2.2) adjusting the position of the welding mechanism and the compressed air and argon gas source; the gas source in the embodiment is a compressed air source and an argon gas source;
2.2.1) adjusting a knob on the optical welding head to adjust the diameter of a circular output light spot of the optical welding head to 2.5 mm; the light spot is adjusted to be 2.5mm so as to adjust the power density by combining the output power of the optical fiber 12, further meet the requirement of penetration depth and avoid the cover hub and the components thereof from being welded through or insufficient in penetration depth.
2.2.2) adjusting a compressed air source to ensure that the compressed air source is dry and the pressure is more than 0.2 MP; the pressure of the compressed air is more than 0.2MPa, so that the front-end protective lens of the optical welding head 1 can be effectively protected in the welding process, and the front-end protective lens is easy to burn due to splashing when the pressure is too low for welding.
2.2.3 adjusting the three-axis movement mechanism, moving the optical welding head to an initial welding position, and adjusting the height of the lower edge of the light screen and the position of the workpiece to be welded, wherein the height difference between the lower edge of the light screen and the position of the workpiece to be welded is 132-133 mm; the welding working distance is adjusted to 132mm-133mm in order to have enough defocusing amount and avoid splashing to burn the front protective lens.
2.2.4) adjusting the flow of an argon gas source to be 18-20L/min, and ensuring that an argon protection nozzle is opposite to the position of a light spot, and the height distance between the argon protection nozzle and the light spot is 15-20 mm; argon gas flow is 18-20L/min, and just for the facula height be 15-20mm, can be at the better protection molten bath of welding process, make cover wheel hub welding back welding seam more level and smooth even, pressure too can make the molten bath undulant too big in welding process, cover wheel hub welding back welding bead surface fold is uneven, pressure too little or the position not to making cover wheel hub's welding bead surface oxidation, the slagging aggravation, the welding back surface welding slag is serious and the inside gas pocket of producing of welding bead and the defect of mingling easily.
2.2.5) adjust the speed of the turntable 10 to 10 r/min. The turntable 10 provides a proper welding speed for 10r/min, so that the requirements of the penetration depth and the surface of the hub of the cover are better met under the condition of proper laser power output, the penetration depth is insufficient or welding pores occur at an excessively high speed, and the penetration depth is excessively deep or a heat affected zone is excessively large and the deformation is increased at an excessively low speed.
2.3) connecting a control module;
2.4) setting welding parameters;
and step 3: welding of
Pressing a start button of the control module to start welding;
and 4, step 4: checking the welding quality, and executing the step 5 after the quality is determined to be not different;
and 5: and (5) repeating the step (3) and the step (4) to carry out continuous welding until all welding seams are welded.
In order to further explain the laser welding method capable of realizing rotation, the examples of the embodiment are as follows:
1) preparing before welding:
and determining the welding position and specification of the hub and the components of the hub, and wiping and cleaning the inner side and the outer side of the welding position of the hub and the components of the hub by using industrial alcohol.
The specific specifications of hubs and their components currently fall into three categories:
1. when the thickness of the hub to be welded and the components thereof is 2mm, the welding depth is required to be 1.5-2 mm;
2. the thickness of the hub to be welded and the component thereof is 3mm, and the welding depth is required to be 1.5-2 mm; 3. the thickness of the hub to be welded and the components thereof is 3mm, and the welding depth is required to be 2.5-3 mm;
2) debugging welding mechanism
Clamping the positioning tool 8 on the four-jaw chuck 9, testing by using a dial indicator and adjusting the four-jaw chuck 9 to enable the end face circle run-out of the positioning tool 8 in the rotating process to be less than 0.05mm, and sleeving the cleaned cover hub and the components thereof into the positioning tool 8.
Adjusting a knob 21 on the optical welding head 1, adjusting the diameter of a circular light spot of the optical welding head 1 to be 2.5mm, adjusting a compressed air nozzle 19 to ensure that the circular light spot is dry and the pressure is greater than 0.2MP, adjusting a three-axis movement mechanism, moving the optical welding head 1 to an initial welding position, adjusting the height distance between the lower edge of a welding head light shielding plate 22 and the position to be welded of a cover hub to 133mm, adjusting the flow of argon gas or protective gas to 20L/min, and ensuring that the argon gas protective nozzle 20 is over against the position of the light spot and the height distance is 20 mm.
The control module realizes that the output power of laser and the movement path of the optical welding head 1 are controllable, and the cover hub and the components thereof can be continuously and automatically welded after being assembled and disassembled. Adjusting the speed of the turntable 10 to 10r/min, and adjusting the output power of the optical fiber 12 according to the cover hubs and components thereof with different specifications, wherein the output power is generally 1800W, 2200W and 2800W;
6) light-emitting welding
And pressing a start button of the control module, and wearing protective glasses to observe the light welding.
7) Inspection of welding quality
After the wheel hub and the wheel hub assembly are welded for one circle, the optical welding head 1 is controlled to be lifted to a set height, a workpiece is taken, the quality of a welding part is checked, and the welding bead of the welding part is ensured to be smooth, flat and uniform without the defects of inclusion, air hole cracks and the like.
8) Continuous welding
And (5) after the quality is determined to be the same as the original quality, putting the cover hubs into a finished product area, taking the cover hubs with the same specification, sleeving the cover hubs into a positioning tool 8, and repeating the step 3) and the step 4) to further realize continuous welding until all the cover hubs to be welded and the components of the cover hubs are welded.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a can realize rotatory laser welding device which characterized in that: comprises a three-axis movement mechanism, a welding mechanism and an optical welding head (1);
the three-axis movement mechanism comprises a base (2), a sliding frame arranged on the base (2), a first driving unit arranged on the sliding frame and used for driving the sliding frame to move along the y-axis direction, a sliding plate (6) arranged on the sliding frame, a switching mechanism fixedly installed on the sliding plate (6), and a second driving unit arranged on the switching mechanism and used for driving the sliding plate (6) to move along the x-axis direction;
the switching mechanism comprises a connecting plate (13), a ball screw (24), an upper sliding block and a lower sliding block (14) which are arranged on the ball screw (24), a second driving motor (23) and two limiting blocks (15) which are fixedly arranged at two ends of the connecting plate (13);
the ball screw (24) penetrates through the two limiting blocks (15), one end of the ball screw is connected with the output of the second driving motor (23), and the second driving motor (23) drives the ball screw (24) to drive the upper sliding block (14) and the lower sliding block (14) to move between the two limiting blocks (15);
the optical welding head (1) is arranged on the upper sliding block and the lower sliding block (14), and the second driving motor (23) drives the optical welding head (1) to move along the z-axis direction through the upper sliding block and the lower sliding block (14);
the welding mechanism is arranged on the base (2) and located below the optical welding head (1), and comprises a rotary table (10), a four-jaw chuck (9), a positioning tool (8) and a first driving motor (11) which is arranged on the base (2) and drives the rotary table (10), wherein the rotary table (10) is arranged on the base (2), and jaws of the four-jaw chuck (9) are used for clamping the positioning tool (8);
a first sliding assembly is arranged between the sliding frame and the base (2), and a second sliding assembly is arranged between the sliding plate (6) and the sliding frame.
2. A rotary laser welding apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein: the sliding frame comprises two vertical beams (4) arranged on the base (2) and a cross beam (5) fixedly connected with the upper ends of the two vertical beams (4) respectively;
the first sliding assembly comprises a pair of first sliding rails arranged on two sides of the base (2) and a pair of first sliding chutes respectively arranged at the lower ends of the two vertical beams (4);
the first sliding rail is matched with the first sliding groove;
the second sliding assembly comprises a pair of second sliding rails arranged on the cross beam (5) and a pair of second sliding grooves which are respectively arranged below the sliding plate (6) and matched with the pair of second sliding rails.
3. A rotary laser welding apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the first driving unit and the second driving unit have the same structure and respectively comprise a driving motor (16), a rack (18), a gear (17) meshed with the rack (18) and a transmission structure consisting of a toothed belt (7), a driving belt wheel matched with the toothed belt (7) and a driven belt wheel;
the number of the racks (18) of the first driving unit is two, and the racks are respectively arranged on two side walls of the base (2);
the two driving motors (16) of the first driving unit are respectively and fixedly arranged on the two vertical beams (4), and the output ends of the driving motors are respectively connected with the driving belt wheel; the driven belt wheel and the gear (17) are coaxially arranged on the vertical beam (4) through a bearing; a driving motor (16) of the first driving unit drives the vertical beam (4) to slide along the y-axis direction through a transmission structure;
the two racks (18) of the second driving unit are respectively arranged between a pair of second sliding rails on the cross beam (5);
the driving motor (16) of the second driving unit is arranged on the connecting plate (13), the output end of the driving motor is connected with a driving belt wheel of the second driving unit, and the driven belt wheel and the gear (17) are coaxially arranged on the sliding plate (6) through a bearing; a gear (17) of the second driving unit is meshed with a rack (18) on the cross beam (5); and a driving motor (16) of the second driving unit drives the sliding plate (6) to slide along the x-axis direction through a transmission structure.
4. A rotary laser welding apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein: a compressed air nozzle (19) and an argon protection nozzle (20) of the optical welding head (1) are respectively arranged at the two sides of the optical welding head;
the compressed air nozzle (19) and the argon protection nozzle (20) of the optical welding head (1) are both used for connecting an external air source;
the knob (21) of the optical welding head (1) is arranged on the side wall of the front surface of the optical welding head (1) and is used for adjusting the size of an output light spot of the optical welding head (1);
a light shielding plate (22) is arranged below the optical welding head (1), the light shielding plate (22) is arranged along an output light path of the optical welding head (1), and a light passing hole is formed in the light shielding plate and used for passing through output laser of the optical welding head (1);
the optical bonding head (1) is used for mounting an optical fiber (12).
5. A rotary laser welding apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein: the first driving motor (11), the second driving motor (23), the driving motors (16) of the first driving unit and the second driving unit are all servo motors.
6. A rotary laser welding apparatus as defined in claim 5, wherein: the device also comprises a control module; the control module is respectively electrically connected with the first driving motor (11), the second driving motor (23), the driving motors (16) of the first driving unit and the second driving unit, the compressed air nozzle (19) and the control device of the argon protection nozzle (20).
7. A laser welding method capable of realizing rotation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparation before welding
1.1) determining the welding depth and position according to the specification of a welding workpiece;
1.2) cleaning the welding part of the welding workpiece;
step 2: debugging
2.1) clamping the positioning tool (8) on a four-jaw chuck (9), and then positioning a welding workpiece;
2.2) adjusting the position of the welding mechanism and the compressed air and argon gas source;
2.3) connecting a control module;
2.4) setting welding parameters;
and step 3: welding of
Pressing a start button of the control module to start welding;
and 4, step 4: checking the welding quality, and executing the step 5 after the quality is determined to be not different;
and 5: and (5) repeating the step (3) and the step (4) to carry out continuous welding until all the welded workpieces are finished.
8. The spin-enabled laser welding method of claim 7, wherein in step 1, the welding workpiece is a cover hub;
in step 1.1), the determining the welding depth according to the specification of the welding workpiece specifically comprises:
when the thickness of the cover wheel hub and the thickness of the components of the cover wheel hub are 2mm, the welding depth is 1.5-2 mm;
when the thickness of the cover wheel hub and the components thereof is 3mm, the welding depth is 2.5-3 mm.
9. The laser welding method capable of realizing rotation according to claim 8, wherein the step 2.1) is specifically as follows: and testing and adjusting the four-jaw chuck (9) by using a dial indicator to ensure that the end face circle runout of the positioning tool (8) is less than 0.05mm, and sleeving the hub of the to-be-welded cover cleaned completely and the assembly thereof into the positioning tool (8).
10. The laser welding method capable of realizing rotation according to claim 9, wherein the gas sources in step 2.2) are a compressed air gas source and an argon gas source, and step 2.2) specifically comprises:
2.2.1) adjusting a knob (21) on the optical welding head (1) to adjust the diameter of a circular output light spot of the optical welding head (1) to be 2.5 mm;
2.2.2) adjusting a compressed air source to ensure that the compressed air source is dry and the pressure is more than 0.2 MP;
2.2.3 adjusting the three-axis movement mechanism, moving the optical welding head (1) to an initial welding position, and adjusting the height of the lower edge of the light shielding plate (22) and the position to be welded of the workpiece to be welded, wherein the height difference between the lower edge of the light shielding plate and the position to be welded is 132-133 mm;
2.2.4) adjusting the flow of an argon gas source to be 18-20L/min, ensuring that the argon protection gas nozzle (20) is opposite to the position of the light spot, and ensuring that the height distance between the argon protection gas nozzle (20) and the light spot is 15-20 mm;
2.2.5) adjusting the speed of the rotary table (10) to be 10 r/min.
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