CN114532173A - Pot tray precision nitrogen applying seedling raising method for controlling nitrogen loss of rice field - Google Patents
Pot tray precision nitrogen applying seedling raising method for controlling nitrogen loss of rice field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a bowl-tray precision nitrogen applying seedling raising method for controlling nitrogen loss in a rice field, and belongs to the technical field of rice cultivation. The seedling raising method comprises the steps of applying nitrogen fertilizer required in the whole growth period of rice in a seedling raising substrate, raising rice seedlings by using a pot seedling raising tray, and transplanting the obtained rice seedlings with fertilizer in root balls; the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a controlled release nitrogen fertilizer form. The precision nitrogen-applying pot-plate rice seedling raising method disclosed by the invention can improve the quality of rice seedlings, ensure the yield of rice, effectively reduce the nitrogen content of different forms of field surface water, and improve the nitrogen emission reduction potential of rice fields, and the precision nitrogen-applying pot-plate rice seedling raising method puts nitrogen fertilizer required by the whole growth period of rice at one time during rice seedling raising, so that the fertilization times are reduced, the labor is saved, and the rice operation efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice cultivation, and particularly relates to a bowl-tray precision nitrogen applying seedling raising method for controlling the nitrogen loss of a rice field.
Background
Excessive input of nitrogen fertilizer into the rice field is a common phenomenon, and threats are generated to the ecological environment of the farmland. Particularly, nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus enter surface water and underground water to cause water eutrophication and nitrate pollution of the underground water. Particularly, the rice is fertilized and the fertilizer is heavily tillered, so that the demand of the nitrogen for the growth of the rice is low, and the problems of nitrogen and phosphorus loss and surface source pollution of the rice field are aggravated by the coupling of the tillered fertilizer and rainfall. Therefore, according to the fertilizer requirement rule of rice, the fertilizer is provided in the key fertilizer requirement period, so that the yield benefit and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer are maximized, and the ecological environment is protected and safe.
The controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is a fertilizer which utilizes a polymer coating to control the nutrient release amount and the release period of the fertilizer, and the nutrient supply amount and the nutrient supply time have higher goodness of fit with the growth of crops. The one-time full-amount base fertilizer is applied, so that the labor force can be saved, the nitrogen loss is reduced, and the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of crops is improved. In the last 90 th century, controlled release nitrogen fertilizer was introduced into rice seedlings in Japan, and the technology of fertilizing the entire amount of rice seedling raising boxes was studied and popularized. The full fertilization for rice seedling raising has no influence on the rice yield, reduces the nitrogen loss and greatly improves the nitrogen utilization rate. In production, dry seedling raising is mostly carried out on a rice field seedbed and a hard seedling raising disk, the seedling raising mode is simple to operate and low in cost, but the seeding quantity is large, the consistency of seedling age is poor, seedlings are weak, the plant injury is serious, the seedlings of the transplanted rice are slow to recover, and the whole growth period is shortened. In the 60 s of the 20 th century, Japanese scholars developed bowl-shaped paper tube seedlings and gradually developed into bowl-tray seedlings. Each hole of the pot seedling raising forms an independent root ball, the seedling transplantation has no plant injury, the seedling is robust, the green turning is fast, and the tillering is early and fast. However, the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is applied while pot-tray seedling is adopted for seedling raising in the seedling stage, and the fertilizing mode that the complete root ball with fertilizer is applied to the field is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a pot-plate precision nitrogen application seedling raising method for controlling the nitrogen loss of a rice field.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a bowl-tray precision nitrogen applying seedling raising method for controlling nitrogen loss in a rice field is characterized in that nitrogen fertilizers required in the whole growth period of rice are applied to a seedling raising substrate, a bowl-seedling raising tray is utilized for rice seedling raising, and obtained rice seedling roots are transplanted with fertilizers; the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a controlled release nitrogen fertilizer form.
Preferably, the seedling raising substrate is rice field original soil or an artificial seedling raising substrate.
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is mixed with the seedling raising substrate, the mixture is filled into the pot seedling raising tray holes, and rice seeds are sowed for raising the seedlings.
Preferably, the nutrient release period of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer at the water temperature of 25 ℃ when the accumulated nitrogen release amount is more than 80 percent is 160-180 days.
Preferably, the pot seedling raising tray nitrogen fertilizer application amount is as follows:
the amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer (g/hole) is the amount of nitrogen (kg/hm) needed by the rice in the whole growth period2) Nitrogen content (%) of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer/seedling density (hole/hm)2)×103。
More preferably, the nitrogen amount required by the rice in the whole growth period is 165-270kg/hm2。
More preferably, the nitrogen content of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is 40-45%.
More preferably, the transplanting density is 22500-25000 holes/hm2。
Preferably, the rice is transplanted into a field 26 to 30 days after the rice is raised.
More preferably, the field also comprises applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; the phosphate fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer and is applied once, and the application amount is 60-90kg/hm2(ii) a The potash fertilizer is applied by two times of base fertilizer and spike fertilizer, and the application amount of each time is 45-60kg/hm2。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a bowl-tray precision nitrogen applying seedling raising method for controlling nitrogen loss of a rice field, nitrogen fertilizers required in the whole growth period of rice are applied into a seedling raising substrate, rice seedling raising is carried out by utilizing a bowl-seedling raising tray, and obtained rice seedling roots are transplanted with fertilizers; the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a controlled release nitrogen fertilizer form. After the full-amount controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the seedling raising pot disc instead of the conventional seedling raising field fertilization, the rice yield and the nitrogen content of the field surface are dynamically changed, and a theoretical basis is provided for improving the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer and controlling the nitrogen loss of the rice field.
Compared with the conventional seedling raising field fertilization, the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is completely applied to the rice seedling raising pot plate in the seedling raising period under the same fertilization level, so that the growth and nutrient content of the underground part of the seedling are obviously improved, the thousand seed weight and the yield of the rice are improved, the total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen concentration in the field surface water in the whole growth period of the rice are obviously reduced, and the nitrogen loss of the rice field is effectively controlled.
The precise nitrogen application for the pot-plate seedling raising of the invention reduces the plant height of the rice seedlings, but promotes the biomass and nutrient accumulation of the rice seedlings, and the accumulation of the underground biomass is more beneficial to the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of the rice seedlings. And the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer slowly releases nutrients along with the growth demand of plants, thereby promoting the growth of rice seedlings and the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. The rice yield of the precision nitrogen-applying treatment for seedling raising in the pot tray is obviously improved compared with the habitual fertilizer-applying treatment for farmers.
The controlled-release fertilizer applied in the precision of pot-plate seedling raising can greatly improve the absorption and utilization rate of nitrogen nutrients of rice, and the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer applied in the contact of the root can obviously improve the activity and hormone content of nitrogen metabolizing enzyme in the grouting and maturing period, delay the aging of plants, enhance the grouting capacity of rice and improve the maturing rate. In addition, the pot-plate seedling raising single-hole clustering ensures the integrity of the seedling root system, the pot-plate seedling quality is high, the problem of plant injury is avoided during seedling transplanting, the root system activity is high, the production index level of photosynthetic substances after scion emergence is high, and the rice biomass and yield accumulation is facilitated.
Compared with the conventional fertilization, the application of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer can effectively reduce the runoff loss of total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The precise nitrogen application for the pot seedling raising is favorable for seedling growth and nutrient content accumulation, the yield is improved, and the nitrogen emission reduction efficiency is good.
In conclusion, the bowl-tray seedling raising precision nitrogen applying seedling raising method can improve the seedling quality, ensure the rice yield, effectively reduce the nitrogen content of different forms of field surface water and improve the nitrogen emission reduction potential of a rice field, and the bowl-tray seedling raising precision nitrogen applying technology puts nitrogen fertilizer required by the whole growth period of rice at one time when raising rice seedlings, reduces the fertilization times, saves labor force and improves the rice operation efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the total nitrogen concentration of the field surface water subjected to precision nitrogen application for seedling raising in the bowl plate dynamically changes along with time;
FIG. 2: the concentration of the ammonium nitrogen in the field water subjected to precision nitrogen application for seedling raising in the bowl plate dynamically changes along with time;
FIG. 3: the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the field surface water subjected to precision nitrogen application in pot seedling raising is dynamically changed along with time.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a bowl-tray precision nitrogen applying seedling raising method for controlling nitrogen loss of a rice field, nitrogen fertilizers required in the whole growth period of rice are applied into a seedling raising substrate, rice seedling raising is carried out by utilizing a bowl-seedling raising tray, and obtained rice seedling roots are transplanted with fertilizers; the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a controlled release nitrogen fertilizer form.
The preferable seedling raising substrate is rice field original soil or artificial seedling raising substrate. The invention has no special limitation on the source of the artificial seedling raising substrate, and only needs to select the commercial seedling raising substrate. As an implementation mode, the seedling raising substrate is a material which takes crop byproducts such as straws, rice husks and the like as main raw materials, is added with auxiliary materials such as grass peat, vermiculite and the like, and is specially used for raising rice seedlings after being processed.
According to the invention, nitrogen fertilizer is preferably and uniformly mixed with the seedling raising substrate, the mixture is filled into the holes of the pot seedling raising tray, and rice seeds are sowed for raising seedlings. Further preferably, nitrogen fertilizer required by the rice in the whole growth period is added into the seedling raising substrate and mixed evenly, 2/3 seedling raising soil mixed with controlled release fertilizer is filled into the pot seedling raising tray, 3-4 seeds are placed into the holes, and then a layer of seedling raising soil is covered. The pot seedling raising tray is not specially limited, and can be selected from the pot seedling raising trays sold in the field, and the specification of the pot seedling raising tray is preferably 50-60cm long, 25-30cm wide, 3-5cm high, 1-2cm in aperture diameter and 200-400 holes/tray; as an implementation mode, the specification of the pot seedling raising tray is 200 holes (the length is 54cm, the width is 28cm, the height is 4.3cm, and the aperture diameter is 1cm, and the height is 4.3 cm).
The nutrient release period of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer in water at 25 ℃ is preferably 160-180 days, more preferably 170-180 days, and even more preferably 180 days when the accumulated nitrogen release amount is more than 80%.
The pot seedling raising tray nitrogen fertilizer application amount is as follows:
the amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer (g/hole) is the amount of nitrogen (kg/hm) needed by the rice in the whole growth period2) Nitrogen content (%) of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer/seedling density (hole/hm)2)×103。
The invention further preferably selects the nitrogen content needed by the rice in the whole growth period as 165-270kg/hm2More preferably 165kg/hm2。
The invention further preferably selects the nitrogen content of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer to be 40-45%, more preferably 42.5%.
The invention further preferably has the transplanting density of 22500-25000 holes/hm2More preferably 22500 cavities/hm2。
The invention preferably transplants the rice into the field 26 to 30 days after the rice is raised; further preferably transplanting the seedlings into the field after 28 days of age.
The invention also comprises the steps of applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers after transplanting the rice seedlings into the field; preferably, phosphate fertilizer is used as base fertilizer to be applied once, and the application amount is 60-90kg/hm2Further preferably 75kg/hm2(ii) a Preferably, the potash fertilizer is applied by two times of base fertilizer and spike fertilizer, and the application amount of each time is 45-60kg/hm2Further preferably 50.25kg/hm2。
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A bowl-tray precision nitrogen applying seedling raising method for controlling nitrogen loss of a rice field comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw soil of a rice field, a controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and a pot seedling raising tray; the N content of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is 42.5%, and the nutrient release period is 160 days when the accumulated release amount of nitrogen in water at 25 ℃ is more than 80%; 200 holes (54 cm in length, 28cm in width, 4.3cm in height, 1cm in diameter and 4.3cm in height) are formed in the pot seedling raising tray.
(2) According to the field nitrogen application amount of 165kg/hm2The density of rice transplanting is 225000 holes/hm2And calculating the application amount of the plug controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, and calculating to obtain 345g of the applied amount of the original soil nitrogen fertilizer of each pot rice field.
(3) Uniformly mixing the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer with the original soil of the rice field, filling the mixture into 2/3 holes of a seedling raising pot, putting 3-4 seeds into each hole, covering and filling the residual original soil of the rice field, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of the pot-combined seedling raising pot is 1.73 g/hole;
(4) transplanting the rice seedlings into the field according to the expected transplanting density 28 days after seedling raising, and simultaneously applying 60kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer250.25kg/hm potash fertilizer2；
(5) In the ear stage, 50.25kg/hm of potassium fertilizer is applied2。
Example 2
A bowl-tray precision nitrogen applying seedling raising method for controlling nitrogen loss of a rice field comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw soil of a rice field, a controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and a pot seedling raising tray; the N content of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is 40%, and the nutrient release period is 180 days when the nitrogen accumulated release amount in water at 25 ℃ is more than 80%; 200 holes (54 cm in length, 28cm in width, 4.3cm in height, 1cm in diameter and 4.3cm in height) are formed in the pot seedling raising tray.
(2) According to the field nitrogen application amount of 270kg/hm2The density of transplanting rice is 250000 holes/hm2And calculating the application amount of the plug controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, and calculating 540g of the application amount of the original soil nitrogen fertilizer in the pot rice field.
(3) Uniformly mixing the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer with the original soil of the rice field, filling the mixture into 2/3 holes of a seedling raising pot, putting 3-4 seeds into each hole, covering and filling the residual original soil of the rice field, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of the pot-combined seedling raising pot is 2.70 g/hole;
(4) transplanting the rice seedlings into the field according to the expected transplanting density after raising the rice seedlings for 26 days, and simultaneously applying 90kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer260kg/hm potash fertilizer2；
(5) In the ear stage, 60kg/hm of potash fertilizer is applied2。
Example 3
A bowl-tray precision nitrogen applying seedling raising method for controlling nitrogen loss of a rice field comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an artificial seedling raising substrate, a controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and a pot seedling raising tray; the artificial seedling raising substrate is prepared by mixing rice hulls, grass carbon and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 2:1: 1; the N content of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is 45%, and the nutrient release period is 170 days when the nitrogen accumulated release amount in water at 25 ℃ is more than 80%; 200 holes (54 cm in length, 28cm in width, 4.3cm in height, 1cm in diameter and 4.3cm in height) are formed in the pot seedling raising tray.
(2) According to the field nitrogen application amount of 240kg/hm2The density of rice transplanting is 240000 holes/hm2And calculating the application amount of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer of the plug tray, and calculating to obtain 444g of the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of the substrate for the artificial seedling raising of the pot tray.
(3) Uniformly mixing the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and the artificial seedling raising substrate, putting the mixture into 2/3 holes of a seedling raising pot plate, putting 3-4 seeds into each hole, covering and filling the rest artificial seedling raising substrate, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of the pot-combined seedling raising pot plate is 2.22 g/hole;
(4) transplanting the rice seedlings into the field according to the expected transplanting density 30 days after seedling raising, and simultaneously applying 75kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer245kg/hm potash fertilizer2；
(5) In the ear stage, 45kg/hm of potash fertilizer is applied2。
Example 4
Influence of different seedling raising and fertilizing methods on growth and yield of rice and nitrogen form of field
1. Test materials
1.1 general description of the test site and test materials
The test is located in station village (31 degrees, 20 '12.22' N, 113 degrees, 40 '30.82' E) of Anluo city, Hubei province, and belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate, the daily average maximum temperature and the minimum temperature are 34 ℃ and 1 ℃ respectively, the annual average temperature is 15.8 ℃, the frost-free period reaches 246 days, and the annual average precipitation is 1172 mm. The soil of the test field is rice soil, and the basic property of the soil is as follows: the pH value is 6.86, the organic matter content is 21.79g/kg, the total nitrogen is 0.97g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 47.68mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 8.44mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 59.40 mg/kg.
The rice variety used for the test was Huaxia Xiangsi. The rice seedling raising disk is a mechanical transplanting seedling raising hard disk with the length of 60cm, the width of 30cm and the height of 3.5cm, and the seedling raising pot disk is a 200-hole pot seedling raising disk (with the length of 54cm, the width of 28cm, the height of 4.3cm, the diameter of a hole diameter of 1cm and the height of 4.3 cm). The seedling raising soil is collected from a paddy field.
1.2 design of the experiment
The test adopts completely random design, 3 treatments are set, each treatment is set for 3 times of repetition, 9 cells are totally set, and the area of each cell is 30m2. The respective processing information is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 test processing information table
1.3 seedling and field management
The seedlings are raised at 18 days 5 and 18 in 2020. The pot seedling raising tray fertilizing amount calculating method comprises the following steps: the fertilizer in the field period of the pot seedling raising total fertilization treatment is carried into the field along with the seedling root ball, so the nitrogen application amount of the field is 165kg/hm2And (3) calculating the application amount of the hole tray controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (namely the pot tray seedling raising and fertilizing amount is equal to field nitrogen application amount/controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen content/transplanting density). The nutrient release period of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer at 25 ℃ when the accumulated nitrogen release amount is more than 80 percent is 180 days, and the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is provided by resource and environment colleges of Shandong agriculture university. Other management of rice seedling stage andthe local seedling raising management is consistent.
Transplanting rice in 16 days 6 and 2020. The density of rice transplanting is 13cm multiplied by 30cm, 225000 holes/hm2. The conventional fertilizer for the field is urea (N46.3%), calcium superphosphate (P)2O512%), potassium chloride (K)2O60%). The field management measures are consistent with the conventional management of farmers.
1.4 sample Collection and index determination
After 28 days of seedling raising, 10 seedlings are randomly selected from each plot, and the plant height and the base stem width are measured. Destructive sampling was then carried out, the soil surrounding the roots being carefully washed off with water and rinsed 2 times with distilled water. Cutting from the base stem, separating the aerial part and the underground part, respectively putting into envelopes, taking back to the laboratory, putting into an oven, deactivating enzyme at 105 ℃ for 30min, drying at 75 ℃ for 72h to constant weight, and weighing the dry weight by an electronic balance to obtain the biomass. Mixing 5 repeated seedlings, pulverizing, sieving with 0.25mm sieve, and sieving with H2SO4–H2O2Digestion, total nitrogen content by Kjeltec 8420 (denmark Foss), total phosphorus content by flow analyzer (SealAutoAnalyzer 3, Technicon, usa), and total potassium content by flame photometer (iCE 3000series, Thermo Fisher, usa).
Collecting water samples of the field surface at 9 am every day on days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 after the base fertilizer is applied, and collecting water samples of the field surface at 9 am every day on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12 and 15 after the tiller fertilizer and the spike fertilizer are applied respectively. Sampling 5 points in each cell, mixing, and measuring total nitrogen (digested by alkaline potassium persulfate-ultraviolet spectrophotometry) and ammonium Nitrogen (NH)4 +-N) (colorimetric method with indophenol blue), nitrate Nitrogen (NO)3 --N) (using uv spectrophotometry) concentration. Collecting rice samples in the mature period of rice in 10 months and 4 days in 2020, and randomly selecting 1m in each cell2Harvesting and measuring yield, and collecting samples and copying seeds.
1.5 data analysis
Estimating the nitrogen loss potential according to an instantaneous nitrogen loss formula, and quickly and completely draining the surface water of the paddy field in a short time during sampling on the assumption that the conventional water control height is 3cmAt the moment, the total nitrogen and NH in the surface water of the simulated paddy field4 +-N、NO3 -Absolute loss of N (equation 1).
ΔQi＝A×Ci×Xi (1)
In the formula: a is the area of the rice field plot (m)2)；CiNitrogen concentration (mg/L) for each sampling time; xiTo control the height (cm) of the water.
Excel 2019 is adopted for data statistics, PASW18.0 software is adopted for carrying out One-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA), and if the difference between treatments is obvious, a Duncan method is adopted for carrying out multiple comparisons on the 0.05 level.
2. Results and analysis
2.1 influence of precise nitrogen application for raising seedlings in pots on growth of seedlings
As can be seen from Table 2, the precise nitrogen application for pot and tray seedling raising reduces the plant height of the seedlings, but increases the biomass of the underground part, and has no obvious influence on the stem width of the seedlings and the biomass of the overground part. In addition, compared with the seedling raising of a mechanical transplanting hard disk, the dry biomass of the underground part of the seedling subjected to precision nitrogen application treatment in pot-tray seedling raising is remarkably improved by 77 percent; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the overground part of the seedling and the phosphorus content of the underground part of the seedling are respectively 14.69%, 17.47%, 3.28% and 41.65% by performing the precise nitrogen application for the pot seedling raising (Table 3). In general, the influence of the precise nitrogen application of the pot-plate seedling raising on the growth of rice seedlings reaches a remarkable level.
TABLE 2 influence of precise nitrogen application for pot-plate seedling cultivation on seedling growth index
Note (Note): different letters after the same column of data indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
TABLE 3 influence of precise nitrogen application for pot-plate seedling cultivation on the nutrient content of seedlings
Note (Note): different letters after the same column of data indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
2.2 influence of precision nitrogen application for raising seedlings in pots on rice yield
As can be seen from Table 4, the FF treatment reduced the thousand kernel weight but increased the effective panicle number of rice and significantly increased the yield as compared with CK. Compared with CK, the effective spike number and thousand grain weight are improved by PF treatment, and the yield is obviously improved. Compared with FF, PF treatment reduces the number of effective ears, but improves the thousand kernel weight of rice (6.82%), and the yield is obviously improved. Among the 3 treatments, the yield of the PF treatment is the highest, and is improved by 41.73% and 10.78% compared with the CK treatment and the FF treatment respectively.
TABLE 4 influence of precision nitrogen application for pot-plate rice seedling raising on rice yield
Note (Note): different letters after the same column of data indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
2.3 influence of precise nitrogen application for raising rice seedlings in bowl trays on dynamic change of nitrogen in different forms in field surface water
The concentration of TN in FF-treated field water was significantly higher than that in other treatments throughout the entire growth period of rice (FIG. 1). In the base fertilizer period, TN concentration change trends of the treated field surface water are similar, the treated field surface water TN concentration changes to reach the highest concentration on the 2 nd day of fertilization, and then the concentration gradually decreases. Unlike FF, PF and CK treated field water has lower TN concentration. In the tillering stage, the TN concentration of the FF-treated field surface water reaches a peak value on the 2 nd day after application, and then gradually decreases with time. Whereas the concentration of TN in PF-treated field water peaked at day 3, significantly lower than FF treatment. In the panicle fertilization period, the TN concentration of the FF treated field surface water reaches the highest value in 1 day after fertilization, is obviously greater than that of CK and PF treatment, and then gradually decreases until the TN concentration reaches stability in 5 days.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, FF-treated surface water NH occurred during the growth period of rice4 +The N concentration was significantly higher than the other treatments (P < 0.05). Base fertilizer period, each treated field surface water NH4 +N concentration reaches a maximum on day 1, PF treated field surface water NH4 +the-N concentration was similar to the CK treatment, significantly lower than the FF treatment. In the fertilizer-tillering process, FF treats the surface water NH4 +N concentration peaked on day 2 and was significantly higher than CK and PF treatment. In the ear fertilization stage, the surface water NH of each treated field4 +N concentration reached maximum on day 2 and FF treated field Water NH4 +N concentrations were significantly higher than CK and PF treatments. PF treated surface water NH throughout the remainder of the rice4 +The variation range of-N concentration is maintained at 0.13-1.64 mg/L.
FIG. 3 shows the surface water NO3 --N concentration as a function of time throughout the rice growth period. No in the field water between treatments in the whole growth period of rice3 -the-N concentration has no significant difference and has consistent variation trend. In the base fertilizer period, NO in the field surface water3 -the-N concentration reaches the peak value on day 2, and the tillering stage, the field surface water NO3 -the-N concentration peaked at day 3 after fertilization. In the stage of spike fertilization, the NO of the field surface water treated differently3 -The N concentration is maintained at a low level.
2.4 analysis of nitrogen emission reduction efficiency of pot-plate seedling raising full fertilization
As can be seen from Table 5, all of the treated surface waters TN and NO3 -The accumulated loss of N occurs mainly in the base fertilizer period, wherein NO3 -the-N accumulated loss amount has no significant change in the tillering stage and the panicle fertilization stage, while the NH4 +The highest cumulative loss of N occurs at the panicle stage. There was no significant difference in nitrogen loss between CK and PF treatments. FF treatment significantly increased NH of field water compared to other treatments4 +The cumulative loss of-N and TN, the TN loss of which reaches 101.86, 34.53 and 48.52kg/hm respectively at the base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer stages2. Compared with FF, the accumulated loss of TN treated by PF is respectively reduced by 93.63%, 83.43% and 83.94% in the base fertilizer, tiller fertilizer and spike fertilizer periods.
TABLE 5 WaterTotal nitrogen and NH of paddy field water in different growth periods4 +-N and NO3 -Absolute loss of-N (kg/hm)2)
Note (Note): different letters after the same column of data indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A bowl-tray precision nitrogen applying seedling raising method for controlling nitrogen loss of a rice field is characterized in that nitrogen fertilizer required in the whole growth period of rice is applied into a seedling raising matrix, the bowl-seedling raising tray is utilized for rice seedling raising, and the obtained rice seedling is transplanted with fertilizer at root groups; the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a controlled release nitrogen fertilizer form.
2. The bowl-tray precision nitrogen applying seedling raising method for controlling the nitrogen loss of the rice field according to claim 1, wherein the seedling raising substrate is rice field raw soil or artificial seedling raising substrate.
3. The bowl-tray precision nitrogen application seedling raising method for controlling the nitrogen loss of the rice field according to claim 1, characterized in that the nitrogen fertilizer is mixed with the seedling raising substrate, filled in the holes of the bowl-seedling raising tray, and sowed with rice seeds for seedling raising.
4. The bowl-tray precision nitrogen application seedling raising method for controlling the nitrogen loss of the rice fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient release period of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer at 25 ℃ when the accumulated nitrogen release amount is more than 80% is 160-year-old 180 days.
5. The bowl-tray precision nitrogen fertilization seedling raising method for controlling the nitrogen loss of the rice field according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the nitrogen fertilization amount of the bowl-seedling raising tray is as follows:
the amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer (g/hole) is the amount of nitrogen (kg/hm) needed by the rice in the whole growth period2) Nitrogen content (%) of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer/seedling density (hole/hm)2)×103。
6. The bowl-tray precision nitrogen application seedling raising method for controlling nitrogen loss in rice fields as claimed in claim 5, wherein the nitrogen amount required in the whole growth period of the rice is 165-270kg/hm2。
7. The bowl-tray precision nitrogen application seedling raising method for controlling the nitrogen loss of the rice field according to claim 5, wherein the nitrogen content of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is 40-45%.
8. The bowl-tray precision nitrogen applying seedling raising method for controlling nitrogen loss in rice fields as claimed in claim 5, wherein the seedling transplanting density is 22500-25000 holes/hm2。
9. The bowl-tray precision nitrogen application seedling raising method for controlling the nitrogen loss of the rice field according to claim 1, characterized in that the rice is transplanted to the field 26-30 days after seedling raising.
10. The bowl-tray precision nitrogen application seedling raising method for controlling the nitrogen loss of the rice fields according to claim 9, characterized in that the field further comprises applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; the phosphate fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer and is applied once, and the application amount is 60-90kg/hm2(ii) a The potash fertilizer is applied by two times of base fertilizer and spike fertilizer, and the application amount of each time is 45-60kg/hm2。
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