CN114523734A - 一种耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114523734A
CN114523734A CN202210090503.7A CN202210090503A CN114523734A CN 114523734 A CN114523734 A CN 114523734A CN 202210090503 A CN202210090503 A CN 202210090503A CN 114523734 A CN114523734 A CN 114523734A
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史萌
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Yantai Kaibo Composite Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法。其步骤是:将玻璃纤维布浸入胶态改性剂后取出,烘烤得改性预浸布;将炭纤维布浸渍于浸渍液后取出,用耐高温塑料薄膜包覆密封加热得浸渍炭纤维布;将多层改性预浸布叠合为改性预浸布坯体并加热固化;将改性预浸布和浸渍炭纤维布交错叠压得叠压坯体并加热固化;将改性预浸布坯体与叠压坯体结合为一体,得复合坯体;将复合坯体置入高温炉内,升温至1500℃~1800℃,保温2~4小时,得耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏。

Description

一种耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种耐高温材料领域,具体是指一种耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法。
背景技术:
随着国家发展新能源太阳能光伏发电方针的实施,光伏发电材料单(多)晶硅材料产业飞速发展,C/C热场结构件需求量大幅增加,隔热屏是单晶炉重要的热场结构件,需求量很大,它是以炭纤维为原料,采用化学气相沉积法(CVD)制备。但随着单晶炉向大型化、拉晶技术连续化(单晶拉晶时间大于240小时)发展,对隔热屏性能及其制备技术都提出了新的更高的要求,而前述的常规的CVD法制备的C/C热场结构件已不能满足目前的需求。同时现有的C/C热场结构件还存在若干缺陷,其一是预制体CVD法很难制备大尺寸的薄壁筒形的结构件;其二是C/C材料的结构件在长时间高温下,容易变形,抗腐蚀性能较差,容易粉化,最终使用寿命偏低;其三是目前我国现有和在建的单晶炉有3~5万台,装机的C/C隔热屏为9~15万件,如此大的数量需要3000~5000吨炭纤维用量,如C/C隔热屏的使用寿命降低,更新量也非常巨大的,同时炭纤维价格高,国内资源紧张,导致C/C隔热屏的价格上涨,对光伏材料产业是一个阻碍,并且C/C热场结构件的频繁更换,对生产效率也有巨大的影响。因此,单晶炉内使用的热场结构件的问题需要解决。
发明内容:
本发明的发明目的是公开一种耐高温、耐腐蚀的轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法。
本发明的技术解决方案是:所述的耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法的步骤如下:
a.制备玻璃纤维布的胶态改性剂,将玻璃纤维布浸入上述的胶态改性剂后取出,在100℃~110℃烘烤得玻璃纤维布的改性预浸布;
b.制备炭纤维布的浸渍液,将炭纤维布浸渍于上述的浸渍液后取出,用耐高温塑料薄膜包覆密封,在100℃~120℃加热得炭纤维布的浸渍炭纤维布;
c.将多层上述的改性预浸布叠合为改性预浸布坯体,并加热固化;
d.将改性预浸布和浸渍炭纤维布交错叠压得叠压坯体,并加热固化;
e.将改性预浸布坯体与叠压坯体结合为一体,得复合坯体;
f.将步骤e的得品复合坯体置入高温炉内,在氩气(Ar)保护下升温至1500℃~1800℃,保温2~4小时,随炉冷却后取出,得所述的耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏。
所述的胶态改性剂按重量百分比计的组分的构成是:
Figure BSA0000264733620000021
Figure BSA0000264733620000031
所述的浸渍液按重量百分比计的组分的构成是:
Figure BSA0000264733620000032
所述的步骤c和步骤d的加热固化的步骤是:将改性预浸布坯体或叠压坯体置于固化炉中,室温加压到2.0MPa~3.0Mpa,然后在固化炉内加热升温,升温速率为2.0℃/分钟~5.0℃/分钟,升温到180℃~200℃保温保压0.5~2.0小时。
所述的步骤e中的改性预浸布坯体与叠压坯体均为平面状,经模具的压合为平面状、或曲面状或异型的复合坯体。
所述的步骤e中将改性预浸布坯体在缠绕机的中空筒状模具上进行多层的缠绕后,再缠绕步骤d的得品叠压坯体,得筒状的复合坯体。
所述的步骤c的得品改性预浸布坯体中的改性剂按重量百分比计为改性预浸布坯体的重量的40%~50%。
在复合坯体或筒状的复合坯体的改性预浸布坯体的表面涂覆强化涂层。
所述的强化涂层按重量百分比计的组分的构成是:
Figure BSA0000264733620000041
所述的改性预浸布坯体由5~10层的改性预浸布叠合构成,叠压坯体由10~25层的改性预浸布和10~25层的浸渍炭纤维布交错叠压构成。
本发明公开的上述技术方案或得到陶瓷隔热屏通过对常规的玻璃纤维改性,再经特定的工艺步骤及高温烧制得到大尺寸的整体平面状、曲面状、异型或整体薄壁筒形的隔热件(屏),该隔热件(屏)经高温烧结后具有陶瓷成分而具有极佳的耐腐蚀性能,在陶瓷成分的保护下玻璃纤维布的纤维丝保持了其抗拉伸性能和强度,同时隔热件(屏)内还有一定量的炭成分,使隔热件(屏)具有耐高温性能。本发明的隔热件(屏)较之现有技术的C/C材料的热场结构件不仅使隔热件(屏)大型化,还具有高强度,尤为是大幅降低了制造成本和延长了隔热件(屏)的使用寿命,对使用方还具有更多的经济效益和提高单晶炉的使用效率。
具体实施方式:
下面详细给出本发明的具体实施例的技术解决方案,需要说明的是本发明的具体实施方式的描述是为便于对本发明的技术内容的全面了解,而不应视为是对本发明的权利要求保护范围的限制。
本发明的具体实施例的技术解决方案是:a.制备玻璃纤维布的胶态改性剂,将玻璃纤维布浸入胶上述的态改性剂后取出,在100℃~110℃烘烤得玻璃纤维布的改性预浸布;b.制备炭纤维布的浸渍液,将炭纤维布浸渍于上述的浸渍液后取出,用耐高温塑料薄膜包覆密封,在100℃~120℃加热得炭纤维布的浸渍炭纤维布;c.将多层上述的改性预浸布叠合为改性预浸布坯体,并加热固化;d.将改性预浸布和浸渍炭纤维布交错叠压得叠压坯体,并加热固化;e.将改性预浸布坯体与叠压坯体结合为一体,得复合坯体;f.将步骤e的得品复合坯体置入高温炉内,在氩气(Ar)保护下升温至1500℃~1800℃,保温2~4小时,随炉冷却后取出,得所述的耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏。
上述的步骤a中所述的胶态是指改性剂的物理状态,具有一定的流动性或可塑性的状态,并具有一定的粘性,玻璃纤维布浸入改性剂后,改性剂渗入玻璃纤维布内,并附着于玻璃纤维布的两个表面,在烘烤后,改性剂的部分可挥发物逸出,使附着力增加得到改性预浸布。炭纤维布浸渍于浸渍液后,浸渍液渗透入炭纤维布内部,在100℃~120℃加热时,由于有塑料薄膜密封,减少了挥发物的挥发,使浸渍液与炭纤维布进一步融合与相互渗透,并增加浸渍液的塑性,得浸渍炭纤维布。上述的步骤c和步骤d中的改性预浸布坯体和叠压坯体均需要在加热炉内加热固化,该加热固化可以在步骤c和步骤d中分别进行,也可一次性的同时进行加热固化以简化工艺和节约能源,在加热固化中,改性预浸布坯体中的可挥发物有部分被挥发逸出,同时胶态改性剂的各组分之间进一步地融合,同样叠压坯体中的可挥发物也逸出,浸渍液的各组分之间同样进一步地融合和相互渗透。在上述的步骤e中将改性预浸布坯体与叠压坯体结合为一体得复合坯体,在结合时,对改性预浸布坯体与叠压坯体施加一个外力以提高两者的结合力,促进两者的界面的相互融合,或可在施加外力的同时加热以提高结合程度。在步骤f中,在升温过程和达到1500℃~1800℃的保温过程,胶态改性剂和浸渍液自身的各组分进行复杂的高温化学反应的同时,还分别与玻璃纤维布的纤维丝和炭纤维布的炭纤维丝发生界面反应,经过试验检测,上述的改性剂生成以陶瓷成分为主要成分的材料,浸渍液生成部分陶瓷成分、部分炭与炭纤维结合的C/C材料,也就是说在高温烧制后得到的本发明的耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏,一部分为改性剂与玻璃纤维布构成的陶瓷材料部分,一部分为浸渍液与炭纤维布构成陶瓷-C/C材料部分,实际使用时可视具体的使用环境与条件,将上述的耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的一面设置为与高温热源方向接触,且上述的隔热屏可制备为各种构型,如平面板状、或曲面状、或半圆状或圆筒形,不仅隔热屏具有极为灵活的适应性,重要的是陶瓷部分具有极佳的抗氧化或抗硅腐蚀的性能,而陶瓷-C/C材料部分具有极佳的耐热性能和良好的热传导性,因此上述两部分结构的结合使隔热屏具有极佳的综合性能。
所述的胶态改性剂按重量百分比计的组分的构成是:30~40%的酚醛树脂、25~35%的酒精、10~20%的莫来石粉、5~10%的炭纤粉、10~20%的硅粉、5~10%的碳化硅粉、4~8%的氧化锆粉和5~15%的短炭纤维。上述的各组分充分混合均匀,形成具有一定流变性的胶态的改性剂,可以粘附于玻璃纤维布表面,由于含有较大比例的酚醛树脂和酒精,使改性剂具有极佳的渗透性,使改性剂充填于玻璃纤维布之间,甚至完全渗透并充填于玻璃纤维丝之间,使烧制后的隔热屏具有极佳的均匀度和基本一致的致密性,高温使用时的热应力最小,减小裂纹的产生。上述的各组分的配比是经过大量的试验、各类性能检测和显微分析后得出的,其中莫来石粉的粒度小于500目,硅粉的粒度小于500目,碳化硅粉的粒度小于1000目和氧化锆粉的粒度小于1000目,上述组分的粒度的限定,一是为使各组分之间在高温烧制时有效地进行反应,同时使各组分的颗粒与前述的玻璃纤维布表面有很好的适配,即各组分颗粒配合玻璃纤维布的凹凸表面,再者各组分颗粒之间有更佳的堆积效果,这可使整体的密度更高一些,减小孔隙率和大孔隙的存在。上述的胶态改性剂中的其它组分均可市场购买,炭纤粉由纯炭纤维磨制,短炭纤维的长度一般在1~10mm。
所述的浸渍液按重量百分比计的组分的构成是:70%的酚醛树脂、22%的石墨粉、3%的硅粉、3%的碳化硅粉和2%的氮化硅粉。上述的各组分充分混合均匀,形成具有一定流变性的浸渍液,其中的酚醛树脂与其它组分的颗粒表面相互渗透,并包覆各组分的颗粒和炭纤维布的炭纤维丝,在高温烧制过程中,酚醛树脂一部分炭化,一部分与其它组分发生化学反应,同时各组分之间也发生复杂的化学反应,炭化的酚醛树脂与炭纤维布生成C/C材料,浸渍液与其它组分生成部分炭材料和部分陶瓷材料,形成C/C材料-C/陶材料。
所述的步骤c和步骤d的加热固化的步骤是:将改性预浸布坯体或叠压坯体置于固化炉中,室温加压到2.0MPa~3.0Mpa,然后在固化炉内加热升温,升温速率为2.0℃/分钟~5.0℃/分钟,升温到180℃~200℃保温保压0.5~2.0小时。在上述的加热固化中,控制升温速率以便坯体中的可挥发物逐渐挥发的同时,在压力的作用下,使坯体逐渐或有充分的时间被压缩,保温保压一方面使坯体尽可能被压缩,又使坯体内部的各组分有充分的时间进行融合、渗透。
所述的步骤e中的改性预浸布坯体与叠压坯体均为平面状,经模具的压合为平面状、或曲面状或异型的复合坯体,复合坯体的具体形状视具体需要而选择不同的模具,上述的复合坯体的边缘有凹凸部或卡扣部等,以便两个高温烧制后的可方便进行连接而构成更大尺寸的隔热屏或形状更为复杂的隔热屏。或者,在步骤e中将改性预浸布坯体在缠绕机的中空筒状模具上进行多层缠绕后,再缠绕步骤d的得品叠压坯体,得筒状的复合坯体,由该筒状复合坯体经高温烧制后得到的筒状的隔热屏,特别适合作为单晶硅拉制炉使用的埚帮。
为进一步提高隔热屏的抗腐蚀性能,所述的步骤c的得品改性预浸布坯体中的改性剂按重量百分比计为改性预浸布坯体的重量的40%~50%;这可使相邻的玻璃纤维布之间的胶态改性剂的厚度接近或相当于玻璃纤维布的厚度,或高温烧制后的相邻的玻璃纤维布之间的陶瓷材料具有足够的厚度,使隔热屏具有良好的抗腐蚀、抗氧化的性能,还可以对玻璃纤维丝的芯部提供充足的保护,保证隔热屏的强度性能。
为更进一步提高隔热屏的综合性能或抗腐蚀性能,在复合坯体或筒状的复合坯体的改性预浸布坯体的表面涂覆强化涂层,该强化涂层在高温烧制后形成一层以硅为主要构成成分的陶瓷材料层,具有良好的抗腐蚀性能,如筒状的隔热屏作为上述的埚帮使用时,上述的以硅为主要构成成分的陶瓷材料基本不与石英坩埚的硅发生反应,不会使石英坩埚脱硅。上述的强化涂层按重量百分比计的组分的构成是:55%的硅树脂、30%的硅粉、3%的氮化硅粉、2%的碳化硅粉和10%的锆英石粉;其中,硅粉的粒度为20μm~80μm、纯度≥99.9%,氮化硅粉的粒度为30μm~100μm、纯度≥99.5%,碳化硅粉的粒度为3μm~100μm、纯度≥99.5%,锆英石粉的粒度为3μm~20μm、纯度≥99.0%,硅树脂的商品号为SH-9601,固含量为50~55%。
为保证隔热屏具有良好的综合性能,所述的改性预浸布坯体由5~10层的改性预浸布叠合构成,叠压坯体由10~25层的改性预浸布和10~25层的浸渍炭纤维布交替叠压构成。上述结构的隔热屏具有足够的抗氧化、抗腐蚀的陶瓷成分为主的部分,而由叠压坯体经高温烧制构成的C/C材料-C/陶材料和陶瓷材料构成的复合材料,即具有良好的强度、良好的热传导率和较好的抗腐蚀性,又大幅减少了昂贵的炭纤维布的使用量,使隔热屏的制备成本大幅下降的同时还大幅增加了使用寿命。

Claims (10)

1.一种耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法,其特征在于隔热屏的制备方法的步骤如下
a.制备玻璃纤维布的胶态改性剂,将玻璃纤维布浸入胶上述的态改性剂后取出,在100℃~110℃烘烤得玻璃纤维布的改性预浸布;
b.制备炭纤维布的浸渍液,将炭纤维布浸渍于上述的浸渍液后取出,用耐高温塑料薄膜包覆密封,在100℃~120℃加热得炭纤维布的浸渍炭纤维布;
c.将多层上述的改性预浸布叠合为改性预浸布坯体,并加热固化;
d.将改性预浸布和浸渍炭纤维布交错叠压得叠压坯体,并加热固化;
e.将改性预浸布坯体与叠压坯体结合为一体,得复合坯体;
f.将步骤e的得品复合坯体置入高温炉内,在氩气(Ar)保护下升温至1500℃~1800℃,保温2~4小时,随炉冷却后取出,得所述的耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏。
2.按权利要求1所述的耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法,其特征在于所述的胶态改性剂按重量百分比计的组分的构成是:
Figure FSA0000264733610000011
Figure FSA0000264733610000021
3.按权利要求1或2所述的耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法,其特征在于所述的浸渍液按重量百分比计的组分的构成是:
Figure FSA0000264733610000022
4.按权利要求3所述的耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法,其特征在于所述的步骤c和步骤d的加热固化的步骤是:将改性预浸布坯体或叠压坯体置于固化炉中,室温加压到2.0MPa~3.0Mpa,然后在固化炉内加热升温,升温速率为2.0℃/分钟~5.0℃/分钟,升温到180℃~200℃保温保压0.5~2.0小时。
5.按权利要求4所述的耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法,其特征在于步骤e中的改性预浸布坯体与叠压坯体均为平面状,经模具的压合为平面状、或曲面状或异型的复合坯体。
6.按权利要求4所述的耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法,其特征在于步骤e中将改性预浸布坯体在缠绕机的中空筒状模具上进行多层的缠绕后,再缠绕步骤d的得品叠压坯体,得筒状的复合坯体。
7.按权利要求5或6所述的耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法,其特征在于所述的步骤c的得品改性预浸布坯体中的改性剂按重量百分比计为改性预浸布坯体的重量的40%~50%。
8.按权利要求7所述的耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法,其特征在于在复合坯体或筒状的复合坯体的改性预浸布坯体的表面涂覆强化涂层。
9.按权利要求8所述的耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法,其特征在于所述的强化涂层按重量百分比计的组分的构成是:
Figure FSA0000264733610000031
10.按权利要求9所述的耐高温轻质复合陶瓷隔热屏的制备方法,其特征在于所述的改性预浸布坯体由5~10层的改性预浸布叠合构成,叠压坯体由10~25层的改性预浸布和10~25层的浸渍炭纤维布交错叠压构成。
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