CN114522363A - Three-level fire prevention strategy applicable to direct-current system of lithium iron phosphate battery of transformer substation - Google Patents
Three-level fire prevention strategy applicable to direct-current system of lithium iron phosphate battery of transformer substation Download PDFInfo
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- CN114522363A CN114522363A CN202210170754.6A CN202210170754A CN114522363A CN 114522363 A CN114522363 A CN 114522363A CN 202210170754 A CN202210170754 A CN 202210170754A CN 114522363 A CN114522363 A CN 114522363A
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- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013024 troubleshooting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
A three-level fire prevention strategy suitable for a direct-current system of a lithium iron phosphate battery of a transformer substation is characterized in that a BMS battery management system is responsible for adjusting the temperature, the voltage and the like of the lithium iron phosphate battery to ensure that the lithium iron phosphate battery cannot be overcharged or overdischarged, and a four-level early warning control strategy is provided by setting a sensor by taking the temperature, the concentration of combustible gas, smoke and open fire as indexes; if a fire happens carelessly, a comprehensive fire extinguishing system consisting of a gas fire extinguishing system and a water mist fire extinguishing system can be used as a secondary fire prevention strategy to carry out comprehensive fire extinguishing so as to prevent reburning; when the internal fire prevention measures are all invalid, a fire wall is arranged outside the battery prefabricated cabin and is used as a three-level fire prevention strategy to be isolated from other adjacent parts, and fire spreading is avoided. Through the three-level fire extinguishing and preventing strategy, the direct current power supply system of the transformer substation can be effectively prevented from being in fire, and the method has important significance for improving the running safety of the direct current system of the transformer substation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a battery fire prevention technology, in particular to a three-level fire prevention strategy suitable for a direct current system of a lithium iron phosphate battery of a transformer substation.
Background
The direct-current power supply system of the transformer substation is an important guarantee for safe operation of the transformer substation, and plays a role in providing stable and reliable power for secondary equipment such as monitoring, operation, control and protection, once the direct-current power supply for the transformer substation is completely stopped, the safe operation of the transformer substation and a power grid is seriously threatened, and even serious damage to the equipment and large-area power failure accidents of the power grid can be caused. The storage battery pack is used as an important component of the direct-current power supply system, provides a standby power supply for a protection, control and monitoring system, an intelligent device, a UPS and the like when the station alternating current is in power failure, and is the last line of defense for ensuring the reliability of the direct-current power supply system. In the transformer substation of each voltage class at present, a back-up power supply of a direct current power supply system adopts a valve-controlled lead-acid battery, and the lead-acid battery has a series of problems such as short service life, high temperature requirement, large maintenance workload, environmental pollution and the like according to the operational condition of a storage battery pack in recent years. The lithium iron phosphate battery has the advantages of long cycle life, excellent rate performance and good temperature characteristic, is green and environment-friendly, and is widely researched in a direct current system of a transformer substation in recent years. However, the intrinsic safety of lithium iron phosphate batteries remains elusive. Under the abuse conditions of extrusion, overcharge, overheating and the like, the battery can cause thermal runaway and even develop combustion explosion, so that the safety problem of the lithium iron phosphate battery cannot be ignored for an unattended substation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-level fire prevention strategy applicable to a direct-current system of a lithium iron phosphate battery of a transformer substation aiming at the problem that no effective fire prevention technology of the lithium iron phosphate battery exists in the existing direct-current power supply system of the transformer substation so as to solve the fire-fighting problem of the lithium iron phosphate battery of the direct-current power supply system of the transformer substation.
The battery switch cabinet provided with the lithium iron phosphate battery module is arranged in a battery prefabricated cabin, the charging and discharging of the battery are effectively managed through a BMS battery management system of the lithium iron phosphate battery module to balance the temperature, the overcharge, the overdischarge and the overheat of the battery are avoided in the charging and discharging process, and the grading early warning is carried out by a temperature sensor and the like arranged in the battery switch cabinet when the battery is abnormal; when the battery is on fire and the fire disaster can not be avoided, the comprehensive fire extinguishing system in the battery switch cabinet is started to quickly extinguish the fire disaster. If the battery fire is out of control in a large range, the battery fire can be isolated from other adjacent parts in the transformer substation by installing a firewall outside the prefabricated battery cabin to prevent the fire from expanding, and explosion can be prevented by an explosion-proof device.
Specifically, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a three-level fire prevention strategy applicable to a direct current system of a lithium iron phosphate battery of a transformer substation comprises the following steps:
A. in the battery switch cabinet, a gas fire-extinguishing controller, a temperature sensor, a combustible gas concentration sensor, a smoke sensor, a video monitoring device, an air conditioner, a fan and an explosion-proof device are installed according to the placement position of the lithium iron phosphate battery module, the installed devices are respectively connected with a fire-fighting control center of a transformer substation, and the gas fire-extinguishing controller is respectively connected with the temperature sensor, the combustible gas concentration sensor and the smoke sensor; meanwhile, a battery prefabricated cabin is arranged, a battery switch cabinet is placed in the battery prefabricated cabin, and the battery prefabricated cabin is connected with a fire control center of a transformer substation.
B. First-level fire prevention:
1) a BMS battery management system of the lithium iron phosphate battery module effectively manages the charging and discharging of the battery so as to ensure that the lithium iron phosphate battery cannot be overcharged, overdischarged or overheated, controls the difference value between the temperatures of different single batteries in the same battery switch cabinet to be within the range of 0.2-0.8 ℃, and then turns on an air conditioner;
2) in each battery switch cabinet, a multi-stage early warning control strategy is provided by taking temperature, combustible gas concentration, smoke and open fire as indexes:
the combustible gas concentration sensor, the temperature sensor, the smoke sensor and the video monitoring device upload the combustible gas concentration, the temperature, the smoke value and the video information which are acquired in real time and are in the battery switch cabinet to a fire control center of the transformer substation for display; simultaneously combustible gas concentration sensor, temperature sensor and smoke transducer send the combustible gas concentration, temperature and the smoke value that acquire in real time to gaseous fire extinguishing controller, carry out the comparison of real-time data and the threshold value of settlement by this gaseous fire extinguishing controller:
if the real-time data acquired by any one of all sensors received by a gas fire-extinguishing controller in a battery switch cabinet exceeds a set threshold value, namely the combustible gas concentration value, the temperature or the smoke value when a single battery is normal is 50%, triggering a first-stage early warning, sending an alarm by the gas fire-extinguishing controller, simultaneously detecting the position of the sensor triggering the first-stage early warning, uploading the position of the sensor and alarm information to a transformer substation fire-fighting control center, and controlling a cabin-stage circuit breaker where the battery switch cabinet is located to be closed to cut off the power supply by the transformer substation fire-fighting control center and reminding a worker to timely troubleshoot the fault;
if the real-time combustible gas concentration value sensed by any one of all combustible gas concentration sensors received by a gas fire-extinguishing controller in a battery switch cabinet exceeds a set threshold value, namely 30% of the combustible gas concentration value when the lithium iron phosphate battery module is on fire, triggering a secondary early warning, sending out an alarm by the gas fire-extinguishing controller, simultaneously detecting the position of the sensor triggering the secondary early warning, uploading the position of the sensor and alarm information to a substation fire-fighting control center, and controlling to turn off an air conditioner, start a fan and remind a worker to perform field processing by the substation fire-fighting control center;
if the combustible gas concentration values sensed by all combustible gas concentration sensors and the temperatures sensed by all temperature sensors, which are received by a gas fire-extinguishing controller in a battery switch cabinet, exceed the set threshold value, namely the combustible gas concentration value or the temperature reaches 80% of the combustible gas concentration value or the temperature when the lithium iron phosphate battery module is on fire, triggering three-level early warning, sending out an alarm by the gas fire-extinguishing controller, uploading alarm information to a transformer substation fire-fighting control center, controlling a cabin-level circuit breaker where the battery switch cabinet is located to be closed to cut off power by the transformer substation fire-fighting control center, and automatically starting a self fire-extinguishing system by the gas fire-extinguishing controller;
the transformer substation fire control center carries out remote monitoring according to the video information uploaded by the video monitoring devices in the battery switch cabinets, if open fire appears in the battery switch cabinets, or a battery in one battery switch cabinet triggers an alarm through any temperature sensor or smoke sensor in other battery switch cabinets due to heat diffusion, four-stage early warning is started, the transformer substation fire control center sends out a fire alarm, the battery switch cabinet where the fire disaster is located is determined, all connections in the prefabricated cabin of the battery are immediately turned off, the explosion-proof device is started at the same time, and a second-stage fire-proof line is entered.
Among the multistage early warning control strategy of above-mentioned one-level fire prevention, gaseous fire extinguishing controller carries out real-time fault detection to each equipment of installation in the battery switch cabinet, if detect equipment failure, then show trouble equipment information to reach transformer substation's fire control center on with trouble equipment information, in order to remind the staff in time to investigate equipment failure.
C. Secondary fire prevention:
installing a comprehensive fire extinguishing system in the battery switch cabinet, wherein the comprehensive fire extinguishing system comprises a gas fire extinguishing system and a water mist fire extinguishing system and is connected with a fire control center of a transformer substation; when the first-level fire-prevention line is broken through, the transformer substation fire control center sends a control signal to start the comprehensive fire extinguishing system, the gas fire extinguishing system and the water mist fire extinguishing system are started simultaneously, and the gas fire extinguishing system and the water mist fire extinguishing system extinguish fire for the battery switch cabinet on fire according to a gas-first-water-mist control strategy.
The gas fire extinguishing system is a fire detection pipe type IG541 automatic fire detection fire extinguishing system, and the water mist fire extinguishing system is a high-pressure water mist fire extinguishing system containing a NaCl additive.
D. Third-level fire prevention:
and a firewall is arranged outside the battery prefabricated cabin and is isolated from other adjacent parts in the transformer substation, and the outer edge of the battery prefabricated cabin is continuously sprayed with water to reduce the temperature.
According to the invention, the temperature sensor, the combustible gas concentration sensor and the smoke sensor are directly arranged in the battery switch cabinet provided with the lithium iron phosphate battery module, so that an early signal of thermal runaway of the battery can be detected in time, corresponding measures can be taken in time, and the fire is restrained in the bud. The provided multi-stage fire-fighting early warning strategy can effectively ensure that the battery can warn and take measures in time from each stage from thermal runaway to fire, and the generation and the spread of fire are avoided. After the first-level fire prevention strategy, an IG541 gas and fine water mist comprehensive fire extinguishing system containing a NaCl additive are adopted, so that the fire extinguishing performance is good, the efficiency is high, and the reignition is avoided. Meanwhile, the battery switch cabinet is provided with the explosion-proof device and is arranged in the battery prefabricated cabin, and the firewall is arranged outside the battery prefabricated cabin and is isolated from other adjacent parts in the transformer substation, so that the fire spread can be effectively prevented, and the fire range is narrowed as far as possible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a strategy flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The invention relates to a three-level fire prevention strategy applicable to a direct current system of a lithium iron phosphate battery of a transformer substation, which aims at achieving the purpose of three-level fire prevention of the direct current system of the lithium iron phosphate battery of the transformer substation and comprises the following steps: placing a battery switch cabinet with a lithium iron phosphate battery module in a battery prefabricated cabin, effectively managing the charging and discharging of a battery by a BMS battery management system of the lithium iron phosphate battery module, carrying out grading early warning in the battery switch cabinet according to temperature, smoke, combustible gas concentration, open fire and the like to form first-grade fire prevention, and executing a multi-grade control strategy before the thermal runaway of the battery occurs; after the first-level fire prevention is broken through, the comprehensive fire extinguishing system carries out all-dimensional fire extinguishing on the fire in the battery switch cabinet, so as to continuously cool and prevent re-ignition; after the secondary fire prevention system is broken through, namely the fire-fighting measures in the battery prefabricated cabin are invalid, the fire cannot be extinguished, a fire-proof wall can be installed outside the battery prefabricated cabin, and fire fighters can continuously spray water to cool the outer edge of the battery prefabricated cabin so as to prevent the fire from spreading to other parts of the transformer substation. The specific strategy is as follows, please refer to fig. 1 in combination:
A. and arranging a battery prefabricated cabin, and placing a battery switch cabinet provided with the lithium iron phosphate battery module in the battery prefabricated cabin, wherein the battery prefabricated cabin is connected with a fire control center of a transformer substation. A gas fire-extinguishing controller, a temperature sensor, a combustible gas concentration sensor, a smoke sensor, a video monitoring device, an air conditioner, a fan and an explosion-proof device are arranged in the battery switch cabinet. The temperature sensor, the combustible gas concentration sensor and the smoke sensor are respectively connected with a transformer substation fire control center and a gas fire extinguishing controller, so that temperature, smoke and combustible gas concentration data in the battery switch cabinet can be acquired in real time, and the data are sent to the transformer substation fire control center and the gas fire extinguishing controller. The gas fire-extinguishing controller is connected with the substation fire-extinguishing control center and used for uploading detected equipment fault information to the substation fire-extinguishing control center after detecting each installed equipment (including the gas fire-extinguishing controller); the system is used for receiving the acquired real-time data sent by each sensor, processing the data (comparing the processed data with the set threshold value of each sensor), sending an alarm signal, uploading alarm information to a fire control center of a transformer substation, and judging whether to automatically start a self fire extinguishing system; and the position of the corresponding sensor is detected and triggered when early warning of each level is triggered, and the position is uploaded to a fire control center of the transformer substation. The video monitoring device is connected with the substation fire control center to upload video information to the substation fire control center; the explosion-proof device, the air conditioner and the fan are also respectively connected with a fire control center of the transformer substation. The transformer substation fire control center is a processing center and is used for receiving and displaying real-time data information (including real-time data acquired by each sensor, equipment fault information and alarm information sent by a gas fire extinguishing controller, positions of corresponding sensors when early warnings at all levels are triggered, video information uploaded by a video monitoring device and the like) sent by each sensor, a gas fire extinguishing controller and a video monitoring device and then sending control signals.
In the above-mentioned battery switch cabinet, the gaseous fire extinguishing controller quantity of installation is 1, and temperature sensor, combustible gas concentration sensor, smoke transducer and video monitoring device's quantity is the several, installs different positions in the battery switch cabinet and detects the lithium iron phosphate battery module from different position, and the quantity of air conditioner and fan is decided according to the concrete scale of battery switch cabinet.
B. First-level fire protection (effective management of battery charge and discharge and grading early warning of BMS battery management system)
1) In each battery switch cabinet, effectively manage battery charging and discharging by the BMS battery management system of lithium iron phosphate battery module from area earlier to guarantee that lithium iron phosphate battery can not overcharge, overdischarge, overheated: in the charging process, a reasonable battery equalization strategy is determined by fully considering the voltage, the SOC, the SOH and the historical running state of the single battery, the temperature difference between different single batteries in the same battery switch cabinet is controlled to be 0.2-0.8 ℃ by adopting a thermal management technology, and then the air conditioner is turned on.
The above mentioned rational battery equalization strategies are defined as prior art, see: chua Minyi, Zhange, Linjing, Wang kang, Jiankai, ZhouMin series lithium ion battery balance topology review [ J ]. Chinese Motor engineering Proc., 2021,41(15): 5294-5311.
The above-mentioned thermal management techniques are also conventional in the art.
2) In each battery switch cabinet, a multi-stage early warning control strategy is provided from different angles such as temperature, combustible gas concentration, smoke, open fire and the like, so that an alarm signal can be rapidly sent out when the battery is abnormal, and corresponding protective measures can be implemented. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that a combustible gas concentration sensor, a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor and a video monitoring device acquire data such as combustible gas concentration, temperature, smoke value and video information in a battery switch cabinet where the combustible gas concentration sensor, the temperature sensor, the smoke sensor and the video monitoring device are located in real time, and the acquired real-time data are uploaded to a fire control center of a transformer substation to be displayed; simultaneously combustible gas concentration sensor, temperature sensor and smoke transducer will acquire in real time combustible gas concentration, temperature and smog value data transmission to gaseous fire extinguishing controller, carry out the comparison processing of real-time data and settlement threshold by this gaseous fire extinguishing controller:
if real-time data acquired by any one of all sensors received by a gas fire-extinguishing controller in a battery switch cabinet exceeds a set threshold value (the threshold value is an alarm threshold value set when a single battery in a lithium iron phosphate battery module is out of control due to heat, and is 50% of a combustible gas concentration value, temperature or smoke value when the single battery is normal), a first-level early warning (early warning in a latent period) is triggered, the gas fire-extinguishing controller gives an alarm, the position of the sensor triggering the first-level early warning is detected at the same time, the position of the sensor and alarm information are uploaded to a substation fire control center, the substation fire control center controls a cabin-level circuit breaker to be closed, further reaction inside the battery is prevented in a power-off mode, a worker is reminded of timely troubleshooting, and the situation that the fault is prevented in advance is avoided.
If the real-time combustible gas concentration value that any one sensor sensing among all combustible gas concentration sensors that gas fire extinguishing controller received in a battery switch cabinet sensed exceeds the threshold value of settlement (this threshold value is the combustible gas concentration threshold value when lithium iron phosphate battery module takes place thermal runaway, 30% of the combustible gas concentration value when reaching lithium iron phosphate battery module on fire promptly), trigger second grade early warning (warning period alarm), gas fire extinguishing controller sends out the police dispatch newspaper, simultaneously detect this sensor position that triggers second grade early warning, and upload this sensor position and alarm information to transformer substation's fire control center, transformer substation's fire control center control closes the air conditioner, start-up the fan, avoid the too high formation superpressure of combustible gas concentration and the explosion, and remind the staff to handle according to on-the-spot particular case.
If the combustible gas concentration value that all combustible gas concentration sensor sensing that gaseous fire extinguishing controller received in a battery switch cabinet sensed and the temperature that all temperature sensor sensing sensed all exceed the threshold value of settlement (this threshold value is combustible gas concentration value and temperature index when lithium iron phosphate battery module takes place thermal runaway, be promptly for reaching the combustible gas concentration value when the battery module is on fire or 80% of temperature), trigger tertiary early warning (the alarm of warning period promptly), gaseous fire extinguishing controller sends out the police dispatch newspaper, upload alarm information to transformer substation's fire control center, transformer substation's fire control center control cabin level circuit breaker is closed with the outage, gaseous fire extinguishing controller self-starting self fire extinguishing system simultaneously.
The transformer substation fire control center carries out remote monitoring according to video information uploaded by video monitoring devices in battery switch cabinets, if open fire appears in the battery switch cabinets, or a battery in one battery switch cabinet triggers an alarm through any temperature sensor or smoke sensor in other battery switch cabinets caused by fire due to thermal diffusion, four-stage early warning (namely the alarm in the open fire period) is started, the transformer substation fire control center sends out a fire alarm, a fire battery switch cabinet is determined, all connections in a battery prefabricated cabin where the battery switch cabinet is located are immediately turned off, and meanwhile, an explosion-proof device is started to enter secondary fire prevention.
In the multi-stage early warning process, the gas fire extinguishing controller carries out real-time fault detection on each device (the gas fire extinguishing controller, the temperature sensor, the combustible gas concentration sensor, the smoke sensor, the video monitoring device, the air conditioner, the fan, the explosion-proof device and the comprehensive fire extinguishing system which are installed in the battery switch cabinet), if a device fault is detected, fault device information is displayed, and the fault device information is uploaded to a fire control center of a transformer substation to remind a worker, so that the device fault can be timely checked.
C. Secondary fire prevention of battery switch cabinet (extinguishing with integrated fire extinguishing system)
The comprehensive fire extinguishing system is arranged in the battery switch cabinet and is connected with a fire control center of a transformer substation. The comprehensive fire extinguishing system comprises a gas fire extinguishing system (fire detection pipe type IG541 automatic fire detection fire extinguishing system) and a water mist fire extinguishing system (high-pressure water mist fire extinguishing system containing NaCl additive).
When the BMS battery management system of the lithium iron phosphate battery module in the battery switch cabinet can not control the battery thermal runaway to fire, the first-level fire-proof line is broken through at the moment, the transformer substation fire control center sends out a control signal to start the comprehensive fire extinguishing system, the gas fire extinguishing system and the water mist fire extinguishing system are started simultaneously, and the gas fire extinguishing system and the water mist fire extinguishing system combined system perform fire extinguishing towards the battery switch cabinet on fire according to the first gas-later water mist control strategy. Because gas fire extinguishing system response time is short, the blowout is fast, and gas extinguishing system carries out earlier and goes out the open fire fast, and thin water smoke arrives afterwards, can put out the open fire on the one hand, and on the other hand can cool off the protection to the battery module, prevents that thermal runaway from continuing to develop and the conflagration spreads. When the comprehensive fire extinguishing system cannot eliminate open fire, the second-level fire-proof line is broken through, and the third-level fire-proof is achieved.
D. Three-level fire protection (Battery prefabricated cabin type isolation)
In order to prevent the adjacent part of the transformer substation from being ignited in the battery prefabricated cabin which catches fire within a certain time, a firewall can be installed outside the battery prefabricated cabin, and meanwhile, fire fighters can continuously spray water to the outer edge of the battery prefabricated cabin to cool down, so that fire spreading can be avoided.
The length and the height of the installed firewall should exceed the outline of the battery prefabricated cabin by 1m respectively. The fireproof distance between the battery prefabricated cabin and the adjacent part of the transformer substation is not less than 3m at the long side end, meanwhile, the fireproof distance between the short side end of the cabin body is not less than 4m by considering that the two sides of the short side of the prefabricated cabin are generally channels for fire rescue and operation maintenance and a door opening has a certain pressure relief function.
Preferably, a normally open push latch type steel fireproof door is additionally arranged on each fireproof wall of the battery prefabricated cabin. This normally open push latch formula steel prevents fire door installs signal control and closes and feedback device to be connected with transformer substation's fire control center, can control the order and close when the conflagration.
Preferably, the prefabricated cabin wall of the battery adopts an inner layer steel plate and an outer layer steel plate to wrap a steel skeleton structure (in the prior art, reference is made to the research and application of the prefabricated cabin type secondary combined equipment cabin structure and temperature control [ D ] Korea, Jiangsu university. 2020), and the steel skeleton connects the inner layer steel plate and the outer layer steel plate together. The outer steel plates are made of high-strength corrugated steel plates, sandwich plates (such as rock wool sandwich plates or glass wool sandwich plates) are added between the outer steel plates and the section steel skeleton, rock wool is used for charging between the outer steel plates and the sandwich plates, and heat-insulating fireproof materials (such as rock wool or glass wool) are filled in gaps in the section steel skeleton. So, the bulkhead of prefabricated cabin of battery is the bridge cut-off completely, and the thermal-insulated layer thickness also increases to some extent, under 40 ℃ high temperature environment, through air conditioning system cooling, the under-deck temperature can be stabilized in about 25 ℃ for a long time.
The above is only a description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a tertiary fire prevention strategy suitable for transformer substation's lithium iron phosphate battery direct current system which characterized in that: the strategy comprises the following steps:
A. in the battery switch cabinet, a gas fire-extinguishing controller, a temperature sensor, a combustible gas concentration sensor, a smoke sensor, a video monitoring device, an air conditioner, a fan and an explosion-proof device are installed according to the placement position of the lithium iron phosphate battery module, the installed devices are respectively connected with a fire-fighting control center of a transformer substation, and the gas fire-extinguishing controller is respectively connected with the temperature sensor, the combustible gas concentration sensor and the smoke sensor; meanwhile, arranging a battery prefabricated cabin, placing a plurality of battery switch cabinets in the battery prefabricated cabin, and connecting the battery prefabricated cabin with a fire control center of a transformer substation;
B. first-level fire prevention:
1) a BMS battery management system of the lithium iron phosphate battery module effectively manages the charging and discharging of the battery so as to ensure that the lithium iron phosphate battery cannot be overcharged, overdischarged or overheated, controls the difference value between the temperatures of different single batteries in the same battery switch cabinet to be within the range of 0.2-0.8 ℃, and then turns on an air conditioner;
2) in each battery switch cabinet, a multi-stage early warning control strategy is provided by taking temperature, combustible gas concentration, smoke and open fire as indexes:
the combustible gas concentration sensor, the temperature sensor, the smoke sensor and the video monitoring device upload the combustible gas concentration, the temperature, the smoke value and the video information which are acquired in real time and are in the battery switch cabinet to a fire control center of the transformer substation for display; simultaneously combustible gas concentration sensor, temperature sensor and smoke transducer send the combustible gas concentration, temperature and the smoke value that acquire in real time to gaseous fire extinguishing controller, carry out the comparison processing of real-time data and the threshold value of settlement by this gaseous fire extinguishing controller:
if the real-time data acquired by any one of all sensors received by a gas fire-extinguishing controller in a battery switch cabinet exceeds a set threshold value, namely the combustible gas concentration value, the temperature or the smoke value when a single battery is normal is 50%, triggering a first-stage early warning, sending an alarm by the gas fire-extinguishing controller, simultaneously detecting the position of the sensor triggering the first-stage early warning, uploading the position of the sensor and alarm information to a transformer substation fire-fighting control center, and controlling a cabin-stage circuit breaker where the battery switch cabinet is located to be closed to cut off the power supply by the transformer substation fire-fighting control center and reminding a worker to timely troubleshoot the fault;
if the real-time combustible gas concentration value sensed by any one of all combustible gas concentration sensors received by a gas fire-extinguishing controller in a battery switch cabinet exceeds a set threshold value, namely 30% of the combustible gas concentration value when the lithium iron phosphate battery module is on fire, triggering a secondary early warning, sending out an alarm by the gas fire-extinguishing controller, simultaneously detecting the position of the sensor triggering the secondary early warning, uploading the position of the sensor and alarm information to a substation fire-fighting control center, and controlling to turn off an air conditioner, start a fan and remind a worker to perform field processing by the substation fire-fighting control center;
if the combustible gas concentration values sensed by all combustible gas concentration sensors and the temperatures sensed by all temperature sensors, which are received by a gas fire-extinguishing controller in a battery switch cabinet, exceed the set threshold value, namely the combustible gas concentration value or the temperature reaches 80% of the combustible gas concentration value or the temperature when the lithium iron phosphate battery module is on fire, triggering three-level early warning, sending out an alarm by the gas fire-extinguishing controller, uploading alarm information to a transformer substation fire-fighting control center, controlling a cabin-level circuit breaker where the battery switch cabinet is located to be closed to cut off power by the transformer substation fire-fighting control center, and automatically starting a self fire-extinguishing system by the gas fire-extinguishing controller;
the transformer substation fire control center carries out remote monitoring according to video information uploaded by video monitoring devices in the battery switch cabinets, if open fire appears in the battery switch cabinets or any one of temperature sensors or smoke sensors in other battery switch cabinets triggers an alarm due to the fact that a battery in one battery switch cabinet is on fire due to thermal diffusion, a four-stage early warning is started, the transformer substation fire control center sends out a fire alarm, the battery switch cabinet where the fire is located is determined, all connections in a battery prefabricated cabin where the battery switch cabinet is located are immediately turned off, and meanwhile, an explosion-proof device is started to enter a second-stage fire-proof line;
C. secondary fire prevention:
installing a comprehensive fire extinguishing system in the battery switch cabinet, wherein the comprehensive fire extinguishing system comprises a gas fire extinguishing system and a water mist fire extinguishing system and is connected with a fire control center of a transformer substation; when the first-level fire-prevention line is broken through, the transformer substation fire control center sends a control signal to start the comprehensive fire extinguishing system, the gas fire extinguishing system and the water mist fire extinguishing system are started simultaneously, and the gas fire extinguishing system and the water mist fire extinguishing system extinguish fire for the battery switch cabinet on fire according to a gas-first-water-mist control strategy;
D. third-level fire prevention:
and a firewall is arranged outside the battery prefabricated cabin to isolate other adjacent parts in the transformer substation, and the outer edge of the battery prefabricated cabin is continuously sprayed with water to reduce the temperature.
2. The three-level fire protection strategy applicable to the direct-current system of the lithium iron phosphate battery of the substation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and in the B-stage fireproof multi-stage early warning control strategy, the gas fire extinguishing controller carries out real-time fault detection on each device installed in the battery switch cabinet, if a device fault is detected, fault device information is displayed, and the fault device information is uploaded to a transformer substation fire control center to remind a worker to check the device fault in time.
3. The three-level fire protection strategy applicable to the direct-current system of the lithium iron phosphate battery of the substation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and D, the length and the height of the firewall in the step D exceed the outline of each prefabricated battery compartment by 1m, the fireproof distance between the firewall and other adjacent prefabricated compartments of the transformer substation is not less than 3m at the long side end, and the fireproof distance between the short side end of the compartment body is not less than 4 m.
4. The three-level fire protection strategy applicable to the direct-current system of the lithium iron phosphate battery of the substation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and D, arranging a normally open push latch type steel fireproof door on the fireproof wall in the step D, wherein the normally open push latch type steel fireproof door is provided with a signal control closing and feedback device and is connected with a fire control center of the transformer substation.
5. The three-level fire protection strategy applicable to the direct-current system of the lithium iron phosphate battery of the substation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and D, wrapping the bulkhead of the battery prefabricated cabin with an inner steel plate and an outer steel plate to form a section steel skeleton structure, wrapping the outer steel plate with a high-strength corrugated steel plate, adding a sandwich plate between the outer steel plate and the section steel skeleton, filling rock wool between the outer steel plate and the sandwich plate, and filling heat-insulating fireproof materials in gaps in the section steel skeleton.
6. The three-level fire protection strategy applicable to the direct-current system of the lithium iron phosphate battery of the substation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and the gas fire extinguishing system in the step C is a fire detecting pipe type IG541 automatic fire detecting and extinguishing system.
7. The three-level fire protection strategy applicable to the direct-current system of the lithium iron phosphate battery of the substation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and C, the water mist fire extinguishing system in the step C is a high-pressure water mist fire extinguishing system containing a NaCl additive.
8. The three-level fire protection strategy applicable to the direct-current system of the lithium iron phosphate battery of the substation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step A, the number of the gas fire extinguishing controllers installed in one battery switch cabinet is 1, and the number of the temperature sensors, the combustible gas concentration sensors, the smoke sensors and the video monitoring devices is several.
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