CN114521488A - Breeding method of chili pepper - Google Patents

Breeding method of chili pepper Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114521488A
CN114521488A CN202210226056.3A CN202210226056A CN114521488A CN 114521488 A CN114521488 A CN 114521488A CN 202210226056 A CN202210226056 A CN 202210226056A CN 114521488 A CN114521488 A CN 114521488A
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Prior art keywords
treatment
breeding
fruit
pepper
virus
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Inventor
邢泽农
辛鑫
刘亚忠
王周玉
赵保平
韩根锁
张嘉园
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Baoji Institute Of Agricultural Science
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Baoji Institute Of Agricultural Science
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/06Processes for producing mutations, e.g. treatment with chemicals or with radiation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/12Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/12Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield
    • A01H1/122Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
    • A01H1/1245Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, e.g. pathogen, pest or disease resistance
    • A01H1/126Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, e.g. pathogen, pest or disease resistance for virus resistance

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding chili linear plants, which belongs to the technical field of chili linear planting and comprises the following steps: (1) seedling culture and management, (2) individual plant cultivation selection, (3) individual fruit selection and adoption. The invention provides a method for breeding chili pepper, which has simple overall steps, can conveniently and rapidly select and purify the filial generations of the chili pepper, has stable overall quality and high consistency of the obtained variety, can save the conventional artificial selfing step and cost, expands the selection range of the group, and can avoid the disease propagation caused by the conventional artificial selfing.

Description

Breeding method of chili pepper
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chili linear planting, and particularly relates to a method for breeding chili linear.
Background
The chili pepper belongs to the annual chili species of the capsicum genus of the solanaceae family, and is a cross-bred plant. The main product of the chili pepper is China, which is an important type of the chili pepper for processing in China, and at present, about 20 million hectares are planted in China and mainly distributed in provinces (regions) of Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Gansu, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shanxi and the like. The fields of Chinese online pepper breeding, germplasm resource creation, cultivation technology research and the like are in the leading level in the world, but due to factors such as the characteristics of the online peppers, the yield value of unit area and the like, most of new online pepper varieties used in production are conventional fixed varieties, and based on the requirements of the aspects of the online pepper variety breeding, the germplasm resource creation and the like, filial generations (or breeding materials to be purified) of the online peppers are quickly and accurately purified and selected as the targets pursued by online pepper breeders. At present, the existing method for purifying and selecting filial generation of chili pepper is single, and has the problems of long selection time, unstable quality and the like, and needs to be improved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding chili linear to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for breeding chili pepper comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture and management:
firstly, sowing seeds, carrying out transplanting and field planting treatment after seedlings grow to be 5-8 cm high, controlling the field planting density to be 7000-7500 plants/mu, and watering once in time after field planting is finished;
(2) and (3) single plant cultivation selection:
performing ultrasonic treatment in the flowering phase of plant growth, after fruits are completely ripe, integrally eliminating 10-12% of outcrossing single fruit lines by comparing the macro characters of the previous generation, and performing single plant selection according to indexes;
(3) selecting and adopting single fruit:
and (3) harvesting fruits on the single plant selected in the step (2), and respectively adopting seeds according to the single fruit.
Further, before the transplanting and field planting treatment in the step (1), hardening off the seedlings, specifically: the seedling exercising treatment time is 4-5 days, the seedling exercising treatment is carried out for 3-4 hours in the daytime every day, and the growth environment temperature of the seedlings at the stage is controlled to be 8-10 ℃ lower than that at ordinary times every time.
Further, the planting in the step (1) adopts a single-hole double-plant planting mode.
Further, the ultrasonic treatment in the step (2) is specifically: continuously performing ultrasonic wave with the frequency of 500-600 kHz for irradiation treatment from 9 am to 5 pm in the daytime; starting from 8 pm to 3 am, and continuously carrying out irradiation treatment by using ultrasonic waves with the frequency of 300-350 kHz; the treatments described above were carried out throughout the entire flowering phase.
Further, the ultrasonic treatment specifically comprises: continuously performing irradiation treatment on ultrasonic waves with the frequency of 550kHz from 9 am to 5 pm in the daytime; starting from 8 pm to 3 am, continuously performing ultrasonic wave with frequency of 325kHz to perform irradiation treatment; the treatments described above were carried out throughout the entire flowering phase.
Further, the indexes in the step (2) comprise a high yield index, a disease resistance index and a fruit commodity index.
Further, the high yield includes: clustering property, single plant fruiting number, single fruit weight and plant breadth; the disease resistance includes: resistance to viral diseases, resistance to epidemic disease, anthracnose, pepper white star disease, bacterial soft rot, and bacterial leaf spot; fruit marketability includes: longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, color and abnormal fruit rate of fruit.
Further, the virus diseases comprise cucumber mosaic virus CMV, tobacco mosaic virus TMV, broad bean wilting virus BBWV, potato virus Y PVY, tomato mosaic virus ToMV, pepper mild mottle virus PMMV and pepper vein mottle virus CVMV.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for breeding chili pepper, which has simple overall steps, can conveniently and rapidly select and purify the filial generations of the chili pepper, has stable overall quality and high consistency of the obtained variety, can save the conventional artificial selfing step and cost, enlarges the selection range of the group, and can avoid the disease propagation caused by the conventional artificial selfing; the chili pepper bred by the method disclosed by the invention is good in comprehensive quality, strong in stability, extremely high in market competitiveness and suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Detailed Description
The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for breeding chili pepper comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture and management:
firstly, sowing seeds, carrying out transplanting and field planting treatment after seedlings grow to be 5-8 cm high, controlling the field planting density to be 7000 plants/mu, and watering once in time after field planting is finished;
(2) and (3) single plant cultivation selection:
performing ultrasonic treatment in the flowering phase of plant growth, after fruits are completely ripe, integrally eliminating 10% of outcrossing single fruit lines by comparing the macro characters of the previous generation, and performing single plant selection according to indexes;
(3) selecting and adopting single fruit:
and (3) harvesting fruits on the single plant selected in the step (2), and respectively adopting seeds according to the single fruit.
Before the transplanting and field planting treatment in the step (1), hardening off seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps: the seedling exercising treatment time is 4 days, the seedling exercising treatment is carried out for 3 hours in the daytime every day, and the growth environment temperature of the seedlings at the stage is controlled to be 8 ℃ lower than that at ordinary times every time.
The planting in the step (1) adopts a single-hole double-plant planting mode.
The ultrasonic treatment in the step (2) is specifically as follows: continuously performing ultrasonic wave with the frequency of 500kHz for irradiation treatment from 9 am to 5 pm in the daytime; starting from 8 pm to 3 am, continuously performing irradiation treatment with ultrasonic wave with frequency of 300 kHz; the treatments described above were carried out throughout the entire flowering phase.
The indexes in the step (2) comprise a high yield index, a disease resistance index and a fruit commodity index.
The high yield includes: clustering property, single plant fruiting number, single fruit weight and plant breadth; the disease resistance includes: resistance to viral diseases, resistance to epidemic disease, anthracnose, pepper white star disease, bacterial soft rot, and bacterial leaf spot; fruit marketability includes: longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, color and abnormal fruit rate of fruit.
The virus diseases include cucumber mosaic virus CMV, tobacco mosaic virus TMV, broad bean wilting virus BBWV, potato virus Y PVY, tomato mosaic virus ToMV, pepper mild mottle virus PMMV and pepper vein mottle virus CVMV.
Example 2
A method for breeding chili pepper comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture and management:
firstly, sowing seeds, carrying out transplanting and field planting treatment after seedlings grow to be 5-8 cm high, controlling the field planting density to be 7200 plants/mu, and watering once in time after field planting is finished;
(2) and (3) single plant cultivation selection:
performing ultrasonic treatment in the flowering phase of plant growth, after fruits are completely ripe, integrally eliminating 11% of outcrossing single fruit lines by comparing the macro characters of the previous generation, and performing single plant selection according to indexes;
(3) selecting and adopting single fruit:
and (3) harvesting fruits on the single plant selected in the step (2), and respectively adopting seeds according to the single fruit.
Before the transplanting and field planting treatment in the step (1), hardening off seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps: the seedling exercising treatment time is 4 days, the seedling exercising treatment is carried out for 3.5 hours in the daytime every day, and the growth environment temperature of the seedlings at the stage is controlled to be 9 ℃ lower than that at ordinary times every time.
The planting in the step (1) adopts a single-hole double-plant planting mode.
The ultrasonic treatment in the step (2) is specifically as follows: continuously performing irradiation treatment on ultrasonic waves with the frequency of 550kHz from 9 am to 5 pm in the daytime; starting from 8 pm to 3 am, continuously performing ultrasonic wave with frequency of 325kHz to perform irradiation treatment; the treatments described above were carried out throughout the entire flowering phase.
The indexes in the step (2) comprise a high yield index, a disease resistance index and a fruit commodity index.
The high yield includes: clustering property, single plant fruiting number, single fruit weight and plant breadth; the disease resistance includes: resistance to viral diseases, resistance to epidemic disease, anthracnose, pepper white star disease, bacterial soft rot, and bacterial leaf spot; fruit marketability includes: longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, color and abnormal fruit rate of fruit.
The virus diseases include cucumber mosaic virus CMV, tobacco mosaic virus TMV, broad bean wilting virus BBWV, potato virus Y PVY, tomato mosaic virus ToMV, pepper mild mottle virus PMMV and pepper vein mottle virus CVMV.
Example 3
A method for breeding chili pepper comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture and management:
firstly, sowing seeds, carrying out transplanting and field planting treatment after seedlings grow to be 5-8 cm high, controlling the field planting density to be 7500 plants/mu, and watering once in time after field planting is finished;
(2) and (3) single plant cultivation selection:
performing ultrasonic treatment in the flowering phase of plant growth, after fruits are completely ripe, integrally eliminating 12% of outcrossing single fruit lines by comparing the macro characters of the previous generation, and performing single plant selection according to indexes;
(3) selecting and adopting single fruit:
and (3) harvesting fruits on the single plant selected in the step (2), and respectively adopting seeds according to the single fruit.
Before the transplanting and field planting treatment in the step (1), hardening off seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps: the seedling exercising treatment time is 5 days, the seedling exercising treatment is carried out for 4 hours in the daytime every day, and the growth environment temperature of the seedlings at the stage is controlled to be 10 ℃ lower than that at ordinary times every time.
The planting in the step (1) adopts a single-hole double-plant planting mode.
The ultrasonic treatment in the step (2) is specifically as follows: continuously performing ultrasonic wave with the frequency of 600kHz for irradiation treatment from 9 am to 5 pm in the daytime; continuously carrying out irradiation treatment on ultrasonic waves with the frequency of 350kHz from 8 pm to 3 am; the treatments described above were carried out throughout the entire flowering phase.
The indexes in the step (2) comprise a high yield index, a disease resistance index and a fruit commodity index.
The high yield includes: clustering property, single plant fruiting number, single fruit weight and plant breadth; the disease resistance includes: resistance to viral diseases, resistance to epidemic disease, anthracnose, pepper white star disease, bacterial soft rot, and bacterial leaf spot; fruit marketability includes: longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, color and abnormal fruit rate of fruit.
The virus diseases include cucumber mosaic virus CMV, tobacco mosaic virus TMV, broad bean wilting virus BBWV, potato virus Y PVY, tomato mosaic virus ToMV, pepper mild mottle virus PMMV and pepper vein mottle virus CVMV.
Comparative example 1
A method for breeding chili pepper comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture and management:
firstly, sowing seeds, carrying out transplanting and field planting treatment after seedlings grow to be 5-8 cm high, controlling the field planting density to be 7200 plants/mu, and watering once in time after field planting is finished;
(2) and (3) single plant cultivation selection:
performing ultrasonic treatment in the flowering phase of plant growth, after fruits are completely ripe, integrally eliminating 11% of outcrossing single fruit lines by comparing the macro characters of the previous generation, and performing single plant selection according to indexes;
(3) selecting and adopting single fruit:
and (3) harvesting fruits on the single plant selected in the step (2), and respectively adopting seeds according to the single fruit.
The planting in the step (1) adopts a single-hole double-plant planting mode.
The ultrasonic treatment in the step (2) is specifically as follows: continuously performing irradiation treatment on ultrasonic waves with the frequency of 550kHz from 9 am to 5 pm in the daytime; starting from 8 pm to 3 am, continuously performing ultrasonic wave with frequency of 325kHz to perform irradiation treatment; the treatments described above were carried out throughout the entire flowering phase.
This comparative example 1 is different from example 2 only in that the hardening-seedling treatment operation is omitted, except that the steps of the method are the same.
Comparative example 2
A method for breeding chili pepper comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture and management:
firstly, sowing seeds, carrying out transplanting and field planting treatment after seedlings grow to be 5-8 cm high, controlling the field planting density to be 7200 plants/mu, and watering once in time after field planting is finished;
(2) and (3) single plant cultivation selection:
after the fruits are completely ripe, integrally eliminating 11% of outcrossing single fruit lines by comparing the macro characters of the previous generation, and performing single plant selection according to indexes;
(3) selecting and adopting single fruit:
and (3) harvesting fruits on the single plant selected in the step (2), and respectively adopting seeds according to the single fruit.
Before the transplanting and field planting treatment in the step (1), hardening off seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps: the seedling exercising treatment time is 4 days, the seedling exercising treatment is carried out for 3.5 hours in the daytime every day, and the growth environment temperature of the seedlings at the stage is controlled to be 9 ℃ lower than that at ordinary times every time.
The planting in the step (1) adopts a single-hole double-plant planting mode.
The indexes in the step (2) comprise a high yield index, a disease resistance index and a fruit commodity index.
This comparative example 2 is different from example 2 only in that the ultrasonic treatment operation is omitted, except that the process steps are the same.
For comparing the effects of the invention, the following are selected: the female parent is a disease-resistant, high-yield and large-fruit chili liner, and the male parent is a small-fruit, strong-spicy and thick-hard stem chili liner; then, breeding is respectively carried out by using the methods corresponding to the above example 2 and the comparative examples 1-2, and the quality and the growth condition of the pepper variety bred by each group in the sixth year are counted by using the conventional breeding mode as a blank control group, wherein the specific comparative data are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003539200340000061
Figure BDA0003539200340000071
Note: the incidence mentioned in table 1 above refers to the incidence of leaf spot.
As can be seen from the above table 1, the quality of the cayenne pepper bred by the method of the present invention is significantly improved, and compared with the prior art, the method of the present invention has the advantages of significant improvement effect, great market competitiveness and popularization and application value.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments, and all the modifications and equivalents of the embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for breeding chili pepper comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture and management:
firstly, sowing seeds, carrying out transplanting and field planting treatment after seedlings grow to be 5-8 cm high, controlling the field planting density to be 7000-7500 plants/mu, and watering once in time after field planting is finished;
(2) and (3) single plant cultivation selection:
performing ultrasonic treatment in the flowering phase of plant growth, after fruits are completely ripe, integrally eliminating 10-12% of outcrossing single fruit lines by comparing the macro characters of the previous generations, and performing single plant selection according to indexes;
(3) selecting and adopting single fruit:
and (3) harvesting fruits on the single plant selected in the step (2), and respectively adopting seeds according to the single fruit.
2. The method for breeding chili pepper according to claim 1, wherein before the transplanting and planting treatment in step (1), the seedling hardening treatment is performed on the seedlings, specifically: the seedling exercising treatment time is 4-5 days, the seedling exercising treatment is carried out for 3-4 hours in the daytime every day, and the growth environment temperature of the seedlings at the stage is controlled to be 8-10 ℃ lower than that at ordinary times every time.
3. The selective breeding method of chili pepper according to claim 1, wherein the planting in step (1) is a single-hole double-plant planting mode.
4. The method for breeding chili pepper according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic treatment in the step (2) comprises: continuously performing ultrasonic wave with the frequency of 500-600 kHz for irradiation treatment from 9 am to 5 pm in the daytime; starting from 8 pm to 3 am, and continuously carrying out irradiation treatment by using ultrasonic waves with the frequency of 300-350 kHz; the above treatment extends throughout the flowering phase.
5. The method for breeding chili pepper according to claim 4, wherein the ultrasonic treatment comprises: continuously performing irradiation treatment on ultrasonic waves with the frequency of 550kHz from 9 am to 5 pm in the daytime; starting from 8 pm to 3 am, continuously performing ultrasonic wave with frequency of 325kHz to perform irradiation treatment; the treatments described above were carried out throughout the entire flowering phase.
6. The method for selectively breeding chili pepper according to claim 1, wherein the indexes in the step (2) comprise a high yield index, a disease resistance index and a fruit commodity index.
7. The method for breeding chili pepper according to claim 6, wherein the high yield comprises: clustering property, single plant fruiting number, single fruit weight and plant breadth; the disease resistance includes: resistance to viral diseases, resistance to epidemic disease, anthracnose, pepper white star disease, bacterial soft rot, and bacterial leaf spot; fruit marketability includes: longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, color and abnormal fruit rate of fruit.
8. The method for breeding hot streak peppers according to claim 7, wherein the virus diseases include cucumber mosaic virus CMV, tobacco mosaic virus TMV, broad bean wilting virus BBWV, potato virus Y PVY, tomato mosaic virus ToMV, pepper mild mottle virus PMMV, and pepper vein mottle virus CVMV.
CN202210226056.3A 2022-03-09 2022-03-09 Breeding method of chili pepper Pending CN114521488A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101513171A (en) * 2009-04-07 2009-08-26 西北农林科技大学 Rapid purifying and selecting method of chili pepper filial generation
CN108934821A (en) * 2018-06-28 2018-12-07 遵义天旺华胜种植有限公司 The insect-pest cultural method of capsicum

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101513171A (en) * 2009-04-07 2009-08-26 西北农林科技大学 Rapid purifying and selecting method of chili pepper filial generation
CN108934821A (en) * 2018-06-28 2018-12-07 遵义天旺华胜种植有限公司 The insect-pest cultural method of capsicum

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
陈立红: "东北地区辣椒高产栽培技术要点及其病虫害防治", 《农民致富之友》 *

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