CN114515897B - Vacuum preheating welding composite preparation process for high-carbon-equivalent thick plate blank - Google Patents
Vacuum preheating welding composite preparation process for high-carbon-equivalent thick plate blank Download PDFInfo
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- CN114515897B CN114515897B CN202210198493.9A CN202210198493A CN114515897B CN 114515897 B CN114515897 B CN 114515897B CN 202210198493 A CN202210198493 A CN 202210198493A CN 114515897 B CN114515897 B CN 114515897B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a vacuum preheating welding composite preparation process for a high-carbon-equivalent thick plate blank, which comprises the following steps of: preparing a high-carbon equivalent casting blank group; preheating a casting blank: adopting friction preheating to preheat the opposed casting blank to 200-450 ℃; vacuum welding: after preheating, welding the preheated opposite casting blanks by using a vacuum electron beam welding machine; post-heat of casting blank: and (5) feeding the welded opposite casting blank into a car bottom furnace in time for heating or tempering. The process of the invention improves the preheating efficiency and the welding production efficiency of the high-carbon equivalent steel billet, avoids introducing a transition layer deposited by dissimilar metal materials, reduces the cutting loss of the inconsistent component parts, and improves the metal yield of the rolled steel plate of the composite billet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a vacuum preheating welding composite preparation process for a high-carbon-equivalent thick plate blank.
Background
The production of welded composite billets generally adopts vacuum electron beam welding to seal the peripheral joints of the billets, and the joint surfaces are cleaned in advance before the joint surfaces are assembled so as to ensure the cleanness of the joint surfaces. For the production of welded composite billets with higher strength and high alloy, because of the high carbon equivalent of the steel grade composition design, the direct welding seam and the heat affected zone are not preheated, and the occurrence of welding cold cracks is highly likely. At present, the welding production process of the high alloy composite billet comprises two processes: one is to adopt vacuum electron beam welding after the pre-welding preheating (preheating of a hot blank and a welding gun) of a composite casting blank, and the pre-welding preheating and the post-welding heat treatment process facilities or the hot blank are required to be added to avoid the generation of cold cracks of a vacuum electron beam welding seam and a heat affected zone so as to ensure the welding quality of the welded composite blank. The other technique is to weld steel plates or deposited metal with low carbon steel components around the joint surface of the steel billets with higher strength and high alloy, and combine the steel billets face to face after the joint surface is processed and cleaned up, and vacuum electron beam welding is carried out without preheating. Because the welding fusion part is converted into the low-carbon low-alloy component metal to be welded, preheating and a vacuum preheating furnace are not needed. The two processes are not only required to be provided with equipment such as a vacuum electron beam welding machine, and the like, but also required to be provided with a vacuum preheating process or a hot blank preparation process, wherein the vacuum preheating mode is provided with a preheating furnace for heating or adopts a double-vacuum electron gun for preheating, the practical effect of preheating the whole composite casting blank by adopting the vacuum electron gun is poor, the preheating furnace is required to be added for heating by adopting the preheating furnace, the hot blank is cumbersome in production organization, and the service life and the vacuum effect of a vacuum system are influenced by high temperature; the second process does not require a vacuum preheating furnace, but because dissimilar metals are introduced into the welding transition zone, the metal yield of the actual steel sheet may be lowered in consideration of the fact that this portion is not cut off as much as the main component of the steel. The two processes have longer processing flow and lower production efficiency.
There is also a friction welding process, which is often used for welding small and medium-sized annular workpieces or strip workpieces in the air. The friction welding is to increase the upsetting pressure to extrude the hot metal containing oxide on the joint surface to raise the cleanliness of the interface after the joint surface and the metal near the joint surface are raised to higher thermoplastic temperature under the condition of pressurization, and to maintain the joint surface for a certain time under the pressure to realize high-quality solid state welding between materials. The welding method needs high friction welding temperature and high pressurizing pressure, so that the welding method is only suitable for welding small workpieces.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of long flow, complex production structure and low yield of the existing high-carbon-equivalent composite steel billet welding procedure, the invention provides the high-carbon-equivalent thick plate billet vacuum preheating welding composite preparation process, which improves the preheating efficiency and the welding production efficiency of the high-carbon-equivalent steel billet, avoids introducing a transition layer deposited by dissimilar metal materials, reduces the cutting loss of a part with inconsistent components and improves the actual metal yield of the rolled steel plate of the composite billet.
A high carbon equivalent thick plate blank vacuum preheating welding composite preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) High carbon equivalent casting blank pairing and preparation: the surface to be combined of the high-carbon equivalent casting blanks is processed smoothly, the appearance processing size is equivalent, the casting blanks are cleaned, then the casting blank surfaces are combined face to face, and the appearance sizes of the casting blanks are aligned;
(2) Preheating a casting blank: adopting friction preheating to preheat the opposed casting blank to 200-450 ℃;
(3) Vacuum welding: after preheating, welding the preheated opposite casting blanks by using a vacuum electron beam welding machine;
(4) Post-heat of casting blank: and (5) feeding the welded opposite casting blank into a car bottom furnace in time for heating or tempering.
Further, in the step (1), the surface finish of the processed casting blank is 5-9 grade, and the processed casting blank is smooth and clean after being cleaned and is free from dirt, moisture, dust, oxide and scrap iron impurities.
Further, in the step (2), the casting blank which is well opposite is sent into a vacuum chamber, and is vacuumized after being sealedEmpty and kept at a vacuum level of 10 -2 Pa or less; placing the well-opposed casting blanks in a clamp fixed on a turntable, wherein the clamp can fix the lower casting blanks and keep the joint surface of the casting blanks horizontal, and the upper surface of the clamp structure is 100-150mm lower than the joint surface of the two casting blanks; the outer width of the clamp is narrower than the inner width of the track, and the center of the clamp is arranged on the extension line of the center line of the track; the rail is provided with a power traction mechanism in reciprocating motion, and a clamping mechanism part extending out of the power traction mechanism can clamp the upper casting blank to do reciprocating motion along a joint surface in parallel to the length direction; heat generated by mutual friction of the joint surfaces of the upper casting blank and the lower casting blank is conducted to other parts of the casting blank, so that the overall temperature of the casting blank is improved; continuous and intermittent reciprocating motion for a long time, so as to promote the temperature increase and homogenization of the casting blank; monitoring the temperature of the casting blank by using an instrument, and keeping the casting blank aligned up and down when the whole temperature of the casting blank stops preheating at 200-450 ℃; the preheating temperature should be so high that the temperature of the cast slab is not lower than 200-300 c even after the welding.
Further, in the step (3), welding is performed for the first time: the welding voltage is 40-70kV, the welding current is 200-500mA, the welding speed is 3-5mm/s, and the scanning width is 1-4mm.
Further, in the step (3), repair welding is performed for the second time: the welding voltage is 40-70kV, the welding current is 200-500mA, the welding speed is 4-7mm/s, and the scanning width is 4-7mm.
In the step (3), if small cracks are generated on the welding seams of the opposite casting blanks after the two times of welding, the welding is carried out in a vacuum chamber by adopting small-current repair welding.
Further, in the step (3), vacuum is maintained for 0.3-1 hour after the welding is finished, and then the blank is broken and discharged.
Further, in the step (3), after the vacuum welding of the opposite casting blank is completed, the weld joints around the blank are inspected, and the discovered pits and surface microcracks are subjected to manual repair welding.
Further, in the step (4), the tempering temperature is 200-450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-10 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the friction preheating and vacuum electron beam welding process is adopted to realize the preheating and composite welding of the high-carbon-equivalent thick steel billet, so that the preheating and production efficiency are improved; excessive cutting loss caused by introducing a dissimilar metal welding transition layer is avoided, and the yield of the rolled steel plate of the composite blank is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A high carbon equivalent thick plate blank vacuum preheating welding composite preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) High-carbon casting blank group pair: the high-carbon casting blank has the size of 2600mm, the width of 2200mm and the thickness of 300mm, and the external machining size of 2590 x 2188 x 296mm. The processed casting blank and rectangular ring have the surface finish of 6 grades, and are smooth and clean after being cleaned, and are free of impurities such as dirt, moisture, dust, oxide, scrap iron and the like. And combining the surfaces of the cleaned casting blanks face to face, and aligning the overall dimensions of the casting blanks.
TABLE 1 billet smelting composition (%)
(2) Preheating a casting blank: delivering the casting blank into a vacuum chamber, sealing, vacuumizing, and maintaining the vacuum degree at 10 -2 Pa or below. After the fixture and the mechanism clamp the casting blank respectively, starting the mechanism to reciprocate to rub and preheat the casting blank, stopping rubbing and preheating when the whole temperature of the casting blank is not lower than 400 ℃, and ensuring the vertical alignment of the casting blank when the preheating is stopped.
(3) Vacuum welding: after preheating, the motion mechanism is withdrawn so as not to obstruct the rotation of the casting blank and the vacuum compound welding. And welding the preheated opposite casting blanks by using a vacuum electron beam welding machine, wherein the welding parameters are as follows:
a. welding for the 1 st time: the welding voltage is 40kV, the welding current is 200mA, the welding speed is 3mm/s, and the scanning width is 1mm;
b. repair welding for the 2 nd time: welding voltage is 40kV, welding current is 200mA, welding speed is 4mm/s, and scanning width is 4mm;
c. after the 2 nd welding, if the welding line generates small cracks, adopting small current repair welding in the vacuum chamber;
d. keeping vacuum for 0.4 hour after welding, and breaking vacuum to obtain blank;
e. after the whole blank is subjected to vacuum welding, checking welding seams around the blank, and carrying out manual repair welding on the found pits and surface microcracks.
(4) Post-heat of casting blank: and (5) feeding the inspected composite casting blank into a car bottom furnace for tempering in time, wherein the tempering temperature is 260 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 6 hours.
Example 2
A high carbon equivalent thick plate blank vacuum preheating welding composite preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) High-carbon casting blank group pair: the high-carbon casting blank has the size of 2600mm, the width of 2200mm and the thickness of 300mm, and the external machining size of 2590 x 2188 x 296mm. The processed casting blank and rectangular ring have the surface finish of 6 grades, and are smooth and clean after being cleaned, and are free of impurities such as dirt, moisture, dust, oxide, scrap iron and the like. And combining the surfaces of the cleaned casting blanks face to face, and aligning the overall dimensions of the casting blanks.
TABLE 2 billet smelting composition (%)
(2) Preheating a casting blank: delivering the casting blank into a vacuum chamber, sealing, vacuumizing, and maintaining the vacuum degree at 10 -2 Pa or below. After the fixture and the mechanism clamp the casting blank respectively, starting the mechanism to reciprocate to rub and preheat the casting blank, stopping rubbing and preheating when the whole temperature of the casting blank is not lower than 350 ℃, and ensuring the vertical alignment of the casting blank when the preheating is stopped.
(3) Vacuum welding: after preheating, the motion mechanism is withdrawn so as not to obstruct the rotation of the casting blank and the vacuum compound welding. And welding the preheated opposite casting blanks by using a vacuum electron beam welding machine, wherein the welding parameters are as follows:
a. welding for the 1 st time: the welding voltage is 70kV, the welding current is 500mA, the welding speed is 5mm/s, and the scanning width is 4mm;
b. repair welding for the 2 nd time: welding voltage is 70kV, welding current is 500mA, welding speed is 76mm/s, and scanning width is 7mm;
c. after the 2 nd welding, if the welding line generates small cracks, adopting small current repair welding in the vacuum chamber;
d. keeping vacuum for 0.35 hours after welding is finished, and breaking vacuum to obtain a blank;
e. after the whole blank is subjected to vacuum welding, checking welding seams around the blank, and carrying out manual repair welding on the found pits and surface microcracks.
(4) Post-heat of casting blank: and (5) feeding the inspected composite casting blank into a car bottom furnace for tempering in time, wherein the tempering temperature is 380 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 5 hours.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications and substitutions may be made in the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it is intended that all such modifications and substitutions be within the scope of the present invention/be within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The vacuum preheating welding composite preparation process for the high-carbon-equivalent thick plate blank is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) High carbon equivalent casting blank pairing and preparation: the surface to be combined of the high-carbon equivalent casting blanks is processed smoothly, the appearance processing size is equivalent, the casting blanks are cleaned, then the casting blank surfaces are combined face to face, and the appearance sizes of the casting blanks are aligned;
(2) Preheating a casting blank: the friction preheating is adopted, the casting blanks which are well arranged in opposition are placed in a clamp fixed on a turntable in a vacuum environment, and the upper surface of the clamp structure is lower than the joint surface of the two casting blanks; the outer width of the clamp is narrower than the inner width of the track, and the center of the clamp is arranged on the extension line of the center line of the track; the rail is provided with a power traction mechanism in reciprocating motion, and a clamping mechanism part extending out of the power traction mechanism can clamp the upper casting blank to do reciprocating motion along a joint surface in parallel to the length direction; heat generated by mutual friction of the joint surfaces of the upper casting blank and the lower casting blank is conducted to other parts of the casting blank; stopping preheating when the whole temperature of the casting blank is between 200 and 450 ℃, and keeping the casting blank aligned up and down when stopping, wherein the preheating temperature is not lower than 200 ℃ even after welding;
(3) Vacuum welding: after preheating, welding the preheated opposite casting blanks by using a vacuum electron beam welding machine;
(4) Post-heat of casting blank: and (5) feeding the welded opposite casting blank into a car bottom furnace in time for heating or tempering.
2. The composite preparation process for vacuum preheating welding of high carbon equivalent thick plate blanks according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the processed casting blank has a surface finish of 5-9 grades, and is clean and smooth after cleaning, and free from dirt, moisture, dust, oxide and scrap iron impurities.
3. The composite preparation process for vacuum preheating welding of high carbon equivalent thick plate blanks according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the first welding: the welding voltage is 40-70kV, the welding current is 200-500mA, the welding speed is 3-5mm/s, and the scanning width is 1-4mm.
4. The composite preparation process for vacuum preheating welding of high carbon equivalent thick plate blanks according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), repair welding is performed for the second time: the welding voltage is 40-70kV, the welding current is 200-500mA, the welding speed is 4-7mm/s, and the scanning width is 4-7mm.
5. The composite preparation process for vacuum preheating welding of high carbon equivalent thick plate blanks according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), if small cracks are generated on the welding seams of the opposite casting blanks after the two times of welding, small current repair welding is adopted in a vacuum chamber.
6. The composite preparation process for vacuum preheating welding of high carbon equivalent thick plate blanks according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the vacuum is maintained for 0.3-1 hour after the welding is finished, and then the blanks are broken.
7. The composite preparation process for vacuum preheating welding of high carbon equivalent thick plate blanks according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), after the vacuum welding of the opposite casting blanks is finished, welding seams around the blanks are inspected, and manual repair welding is carried out on the discovered pits and surface microcracks.
8. The composite preparation process for vacuum preheating welding of high carbon equivalent thick plate blanks according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the tempering temperature is 200-450 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 4-10 hours.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1114229A (en) * | 1965-12-27 | 1968-05-22 | Catbrpillar Tractor Co | Improvements in bonding using frictional heating |
| CN104259652A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2015-01-07 | 山西环界石油钻具制造股份有限公司 | Misplaced friction welding apparatus and method |
| CN112139763A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-29 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | Manufacturing method of high-carbon equivalent high-alloy super-thick steel plate |
| CN112570491A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-30 | 浙江思印科技有限公司 | Method for correcting and strengthening prestress of welded light alloy medium and heavy plates |
-
2022
- 2022-03-01 CN CN202210198493.9A patent/CN114515897B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1114229A (en) * | 1965-12-27 | 1968-05-22 | Catbrpillar Tractor Co | Improvements in bonding using frictional heating |
| CN104259652A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2015-01-07 | 山西环界石油钻具制造股份有限公司 | Misplaced friction welding apparatus and method |
| CN112139763A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-29 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | Manufacturing method of high-carbon equivalent high-alloy super-thick steel plate |
| CN112570491A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-30 | 浙江思印科技有限公司 | Method for correcting and strengthening prestress of welded light alloy medium and heavy plates |
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