CN114378537A - Process for improving qualified rate of medium carbon alloy steel laminated blanks - Google Patents
Process for improving qualified rate of medium carbon alloy steel laminated blanks Download PDFInfo
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- CN114378537A CN114378537A CN202210041691.4A CN202210041691A CN114378537A CN 114378537 A CN114378537 A CN 114378537A CN 202210041691 A CN202210041691 A CN 202210041691A CN 114378537 A CN114378537 A CN 114378537A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for improving the qualification rate of medium carbon alloy steel laminated blanks, which comprises the following steps: performing high-temperature stress relief heat treatment on the plate blank; sawing the plate blank; milling a plate blank; polishing and cleaning the plate blank; assembling the plate blank and spot welding; integrally preheating a steel billet; formally welding the steel billets; modifying a welding seam; heating the seal-welded steel billet; and sealing and welding the billet. According to the invention, key process measures such as high-temperature stress relief treatment of the plate blank, integral preheating of the steel blank, heating temperature increase, scanning increase during welding and the like are adopted to ensure that the surface of the medium carbon alloy steel forging has no cracking phenomenon in the manufacturing process, so that the residual stress in the plate blank is effectively reduced, the problems of high carbon equivalent and high stress of the medium carbon alloy steel laminated blank, easy cracking during welding and high rejection rate of the medium carbon alloy steel laminated blank are solved, and the product quality is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel heat treatment, in particular to a process for improving the qualification rate of medium carbon alloy steel laminated blanks.
Background
The technology of the laminated blank manufacturing adopts continuous casting slabs as raw materials, the thickness of the continuous casting slabs is generally 200-300 mm, and the steel blanks are generally welded by 6-18 small-unit continuous casting slabs according to the blanking weight of a forge piece, the equipment capacity and the technological requirements of the laminated blank manufacturing.
The carbon equivalent of the whole medium carbon alloy steel is high and the stress is large due to the high carbon content and the high alloy content, so that cracks are easy to appear during welding, and the rejection rate of laminated blanks of the medium carbon alloy steel is particularly high. The invention aims to solve the problem of welding cracking of the medium carbon alloy steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a process for improving the qualification rate of medium carbon alloy steel laminated blanks. According to the invention, key process measures such as high-temperature stress relief treatment of the plate blank, integral preheating of the steel blank, heating temperature increase, scanning increase during welding and the like are adopted to ensure that the surface of the medium-carbon alloy steel forging does not crack in the manufacturing process, and the problems of high carbon equivalent and high stress of the medium-carbon alloy steel laminated blank, easy crack generation during welding and high rejection rate of the medium-carbon alloy steel laminated blank are solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a process for improving the qualification rate of medium carbon alloy steel laminated blanks comprises the following steps:
1) performing high-temperature stress relief heat treatment on the plate blank;
2) sawing the plate blank;
3) milling a plate blank;
4) polishing and cleaning the plate blank;
5) assembling the plate blank and spot welding;
6) integrally preheating a steel billet;
7) formally welding the steel billets;
8) modifying a welding seam;
9) heating the seal-welded steel billet;
10) and sealing and welding the billet.
The heat preservation temperature of the high-temperature stress removal treatment of the plate blank in the step 1) is 850-950 ℃.
And 5) assembling the plate blank on the platform in advance, integrally loading the assembled plate blank into a vacuum chamber, wherein the air pressure of the vacuum chamber is less than or equal to 8.0 multiplied by 10 during vacuum electron beam sealing welding-2Pa, welding voltage is more than or equal to 90KV, welding current is less than or equal to 200mA, welding speed is 100-300mm/min, each side is welded for 3-8 sections, and the length of each section is more than or equal to 40 mm.
And 6) placing the steel billet subjected to spot welding in a resistance heating furnace, and setting the heat preservation temperature to be 200-300 ℃.
And 7) hoisting the preheated billet steel to a sealing and welding chamber for formal welding, wherein the air pressure of the vacuum chamber is less than or equal to 8.0 multiplied by 10- 2Pa, welding voltage is more than or equal to 90KV, welding current is less than or equal to 200mA, and welding speed is 100-300 mm/min.
Step 8), modifying the welding line after the welding is finished, and focusing the current of 600-650 mA; the accelerating voltage is 95-100 KV; the beam current is 50-80 mA; the welding speed is 150mm/min-300 mm/min; the scanning frequency is 100-300HZ, and the scanning amplitude is 20-40 mm.
The heating temperature of the step 9) was set to 1250-.
And the step 10) is followed by steps of forging cogging, rolling forming, heat treatment after forging, rough machining and thermal refining.
The normalizing and heat-preserving temperature of the heat treatment after forging is 830-930 ℃.
The quenching and tempering temperature is 850-900 ℃, and the tempering temperature is 500-700 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, key process measures such as high-temperature stress relief treatment of the plate blank, integral preheating of the steel blank, heating temperature increase, scanning increase during welding and the like are adopted to ensure that the surface of the medium-carbon alloy steel forge piece is free from cracking in the manufacturing process, so that the problems of high carbon equivalent and high stress of the medium-carbon alloy steel laminated blank manufacturing, high rejection rate of the medium-carbon alloy steel laminated blank manufacturing and unstable product quality caused by easy cracking during welding are solved, and the product quality is effectively improved.
2. The invention effectively reduces the residual stress in the plate blank through the high-temperature heat treatment of the continuous casting plate blank.
3. The invention reduces the probability of cracking during welding through the integral preheating treatment of the steel billet.
4. According to the invention, the welding seam can be smoother by modifying the welding seam, and the stress at the welding seam is further reduced.
5. According to the invention, the heat preservation temperature of the seal-welded billet is increased, the atomic activity is improved, the interface can be better fused, and the quality of the forged piece is improved.
6. Through ultrasonic detection, the internal quality of the medium carbon alloy steel forging in the manufacturing process is guaranteed, and correction and preventive measures are taken in time after problems are found.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a process for improving the yield of a medium carbon alloy steel laminated billet comprises the following steps: 1) high temperature stress relief heat treatment of plate blank
In the prior art, the stress removal and heat preservation temperature of the plate blank is 600-700 ℃, in order to fully eliminate the residual stress in the plate blank, the heat preservation temperature of the plate blank is 920 ℃, so that the plate blank is completely austenitized.
2) Slab saw cutting
And sawing the blank into small unit blanks by a band sawing machine to prepare for subsequent processing.
3) Plate blank milling
6 surfaces of the small unit plate blank are milled, the roughness of the upper plane and the lower plane is Ra6.3, and the roughness of the side surface on the periphery is Ra12.5.
4) Polishing and cleaning of plate blank
After the surface of the blank is treated, the cleanness RFU of the upper surface and the lower surface of each blank is less than or equal to 20.0;
5) assembling and spot welding of plate blank
The plate blank is assembled on the platform in advance, the time for integrally loading the assembled plate blank into the vacuum chamber is 10 hours, and the air pressure of the vacuum chamber is 8.0 multiplied by 10 when the vacuum electron beam is sealed and welded-2Pa, welding voltage 90KV, welding current 200mA, welding speed 100mm/min, 3 sections of each edge and 40mm of each section.
6) Integral preheating of steel billet
And (3) putting the spot-welded steel billet into a resistance furnace to be heated, strictly putting the resistance furnace into a gas furnace to be heated, and controlling the heat preservation temperature to be 300 ℃. After the heat preservation is finished, the blank is immediately covered with a rock wool heat preservation cover for transferring to prevent cooling.
7) Formal seal welding of steel billet
Hoisting and transporting the preheated billet into a sealing and welding chamber for formal welding, wherein the air pressure of the vacuum chamber is 8.0 multiplied by 10-2Pa, welding voltage 90KV, welding current 200mA and welding speed 100 mm/min.
8) Modified weld
After formal welding is finished, modifying a welding seam, and focusing current 630 mA; the acceleration voltage is 98 KV; the beam current is 80 mA. The welding speed is 300 mm/min; the sweep frequency was 300Hz and the sweep amplitude was 40 mm. The purpose is mainly to make the welding seam smoother and reduce the stress at the welding seam.
9) Heating of seal welded billet
The heating temperature of the process is increased to 1250 ℃, so that the atomic activity is improved through high temperature, and the complete fusion of an interface is facilitated on the basis of large deformation amount.
Example 2
Taking a forged ring of phi 4940x phi 4224x799mm made of 35CrMo ordered by a certain customer as an example, the weight of a forged ring blank is as follows: 40.71 tons, and the blanking weight is 45 tons.
The implementation of the invention comprises the following steps:
1) high temperature stress relief heat treatment of plate blank
The size (length, width and height) of the plate blank is 6850x2000x300mm, the plate blank is subjected to high-temperature stress relief treatment after being returned to a factory for inspection, and the heat preservation temperature is 920 ℃; so as to fully eliminate the residual stress in the plate blank;
2) slab saw cutting
Sawing into 9 small unit slabs with the size (length x width x height) 1140x2000x300 mm;
3) plate blank milling
Milling 6 surfaces of the small-unit plate blank, wherein the size is 1120x1985x291mm (length x width x height), the roughness of the upper surface and the lower surface is Ra6.3, and the rest surfaces are Ra12.5;
4) polishing and cleaning of plate blank
After the surface of the blank is polished and cleaned, the cleanness RFU of the upper and lower surfaces of the blank is less than or equal to 20.0;
5) assembling and spot welding of plate blank
The slab is assembled on the platform in advance, the time for integrally loading the assembled slab into a vacuum chamber is 11 hours, and the air pressure of the vacuum chamber is 8x10-2Pa, welding voltage of 100KV, welding current of 120mA, welding speed of 150mm/min, 5 welding positions on each edge, and length of 50 mm;
6) integral preheating of steel billet
The spot-welded steel blanks are loaded into a resistance heating furnace, the heat preservation temperature is set to be 220 +/-10 ℃, and after heat preservation is finished, the blanks are immediately covered with a rock wool heat preservation cover to be transferred to prevent cooling, and then the blanks are transferred to a welding procedure;
7) formal welding of steel billet
Hoisting and transporting the preheated billet into a sealing and welding chamber for formal welding, wherein the air pressure of the vacuum chamber is 7x10-2Pa, welding voltage of 100KV, welding current of 120mA, and welding speed of 150 mm/min;
8) modified weld
After formal welding is finished, modifying a welding seam, and focusing current to 650 mA; the accelerating voltage is 100 KV; the beam current is 50 mA. The welding speed is 150 mm/min; the scanning frequency is 100HZ, and the scanning amplitude is 20 mm;
9) heating of seal welded billet
The heating temperature of the sealing and welding billet is set to 1270 ℃, so that the atomic activity is improved through high temperature, and the complete fusion of an interface is facilitated on the basis of large deformation amount subsequently;
10) seal welding billet construction
The seal welding billet is constructed into an integral blank through the working procedures of upsetting, pressure maintaining, high-temperature diffusion and the like;
11) forging, cogging and roll forming
The cogging size is phi 3100x phi 1700x1000mm, and the size of the forged piece after rolling is phi 4990x phi 4150x860 mm;
12) post-forging heat treatment
Normalizing and preserving the heat at 890 ℃;
13) roughing
The size after rough machining is phi 4970x phi 4170x840 mm;
14) thermal refining
The quenching heat preservation temperature is 860 ℃ plus or minus 10 ℃, and the tempering temperature is 620 ℃ plus or minus 10 ℃.
Example 3
Taking a forged ring of phi 6770x phi 6160x430mm made of 42CrMo ordered by a certain customer as an example, the weight of a forged ring blank is as follows: 28.5 tons, and the blanking weight is 31.3 tons.
A process for improving the qualification rate of medium carbon alloy steel laminated blanks comprises the following steps: the implementation of the invention comprises the following steps:
1) high temperature stress relief heat treatment of plate blank
The size (length, width and height) of the plate blank is 6850x2000x300mm, the plate blank is subjected to high-temperature stress relief treatment after being returned to a factory for inspection, and the heat preservation temperature is 950 DEG C
2) Sawing the plate blank: sawing into 9 small unit slabs with the size (length x width x height) 1712x998x300 mm.
3) Milling a plate blank: the small unit plate blank is milled to be 6 surfaces, the size is 1700x985x290mm (length x width x height), the roughness of the upper surface and the lower surface is Ra6.3, and the rest surfaces are Ra12.5.
4) And (3) polishing and cleaning the slabs, wherein after polishing and cleaning, the RFU of the upper surface and the lower surface of each slab is less than or equal to 20.0.
5) BoardAssembling the blank and spot welding: the slab is assembled on the platform in advance, the whole slab is loaded into a vacuum chamber for 12 hours, and the air pressure of the vacuum chamber is 6x10-2Pa, welding voltage 98KV, welding current 180mA, welding speed 300mm/min, 8 welding positions on each edge, and length of each position 45 mm.
6) Integrally preheating a steel billet: the spot-welded billet is loaded into a resistance heating furnace, and the heat preservation temperature is set to be 250 ℃. And covering the heat preservation rock wool after the heat preservation is finished and transferring the rock wool to a welding workshop.
7) Formal welding of steel billets: vacuum chamber pressure 8x10-2Pa, welding voltage 98KV, welding current 180mA and welding speed 300 mm/min.
8) Modified weld
After formal welding is finished, modifying a welding seam, and focusing current of 600 mA; the acceleration voltage is 95 KV; the beam current is 60 mA. The welding speed is 180 mm/min; the frequency was swept to 200Hz and the amplitude was swept to 30 mm.
9) The heating temperature of the sealing and welding billet is set to be 1280 ℃.
10) The process of constructing the seal-welded billet mainly comprises the steps of upsetting, pressure maintaining, high-temperature diffusion and the like to form an integral billet.
11) Forging, cogging and roll forming
The cogging size is phi 3125x phi 1700x690mm, and the size of the forged piece after rolling is phi 6820x phi 6090x490 mm.
12) Post-forging heat treatment
The normalizing and heat preserving temperature is 890 ℃.
13) Roughing
The size after rough machining is phi 6800x phi 6110x470mm
14) Thermal refining
The quenching heat preservation temperature is 850 +/-10 ℃, and the tempering temperature is 560 +/-10 ℃.
In addition, the subsequent procedures also comprise the procedures of semi-finishing, ultrasonic detection sampling, physical and chemical detection, finishing, packaging, shipping and the like. The internal quality of the forged piece after ultrasonic detection meets the EN 10228-33 level requirement.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "vertical", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for the purpose of describing the present invention but do not require that the present invention must be constructed or operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "connected" and "connected" in the present invention should be interpreted broadly, and may be connected or disconnected, for example; the terms may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate components, and specific meanings of the terms may be understood as specific conditions by those skilled in the art.
The above description is of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the description of the specific embodiment is only for better understanding of the idea of the present invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalents may be made in accordance with the principles of the invention and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A process for improving the qualification rate of medium carbon alloy steel laminated blanks is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) performing high-temperature stress relief heat treatment on the plate blank;
2) sawing the plate blank;
3) milling a plate blank;
4) polishing and cleaning the plate blank;
5) assembling the plate blank and spot welding;
6) integrally preheating a steel billet;
7) formally welding the steel billets;
8) modifying a welding seam;
9) heating the seal-welded steel billet;
10) and sealing and welding the billet.
2. The process for improving the qualification rate of the medium carbon alloy steel laminated blanks as recited in claim 1, wherein the holding temperature of the high-temperature stress relief treatment of the blank in the step 1) is 850 ℃ and 950 ℃.
3. The process for improving the yield of medium carbon alloy steel laminate blanks set forth in claim 1The process is characterized in that the plate blank in the step 5) is assembled on a platform in advance, the assembled blank is integrally arranged in a vacuum chamber, and the air pressure of the vacuum chamber is less than or equal to 8.0 multiplied by 10 when the vacuum electron beam is sealed and welded-2Pa, welding voltage is more than or equal to 90KV, welding current is less than or equal to 200mA, welding speed is 100-300mm/min, each side is welded for 3-8 sections, and the length of each section is more than or equal to 40 mm.
4. The process for improving the qualification rate of the medium carbon alloy steel laminated blanks as recited in claim 1, wherein the blanks after spot welding in the step 6) are loaded into a resistance heating furnace, and the heat preservation temperature is set to 200-300 ℃.
5. The process for improving the yield of the medium carbon alloy steel laminated blanks according to claim 1, wherein the step 7) is to hoist the preheated blanks to a sealing welding chamber for formal welding, and the air pressure in the vacuum chamber is less than or equal to 8.0 x10-2Pa, welding voltage is more than or equal to 90KV, welding current is less than or equal to 200mA, and welding speed is 100-300 mm/min.
6. The process for improving the qualification rate of the medium carbon alloy steel laminated blanks as recited in claim 1, wherein the welding seam is modified after the welding in the step 8), and the focusing current is 600-650 mA; the accelerating voltage is 95-100 KV; the beam current is 50-80 mA; the welding speed is 150mm/min-300 mm/min; the scanning frequency is 100-300HZ, and the scanning amplitude is 20-40 mm.
7. The process for improving the yield of the medium carbon alloy steel laminate billet in accordance with claim 1, wherein the heating temperature in the step 9) is set to 1250-.
8. The process for improving the yield of the medium carbon alloy steel laminated billet according to claim 1, wherein the step 10) further comprises the steps of forging and cogging, rolling and forming, heat treatment after forging, rough machining and thermal refining.
9. The process for improving the qualification rate of the medium carbon alloy steel laminated blank as claimed in claim 8, wherein the normalizing and heat preserving temperature of the heat treatment after forging is 830-930 ℃.
10. The process for improving the qualification rate of the medium carbon alloy steel laminated blanks as recited in claim 8, wherein the quenching and tempering temperature is 850-.
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Cited By (1)
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