CN115121929A - Vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing cracking of difficult-to-weld metal - Google Patents
Vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing cracking of difficult-to-weld metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN115121929A CN115121929A CN202210782709.6A CN202210782709A CN115121929A CN 115121929 A CN115121929 A CN 115121929A CN 202210782709 A CN202210782709 A CN 202210782709A CN 115121929 A CN115121929 A CN 115121929A
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001149 41xx steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0013—Positioning or observing workpieces, e.g. with respect to the impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing electronbeams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electron beam welding, and particularly relates to a vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing cracking of a difficult-to-weld metal, which is suitable for a vacuum electron beam welding process of blanks. Firstly, processing and cleaning blanks to be welded, stacking the blanks to be welded to enable the upper plane and the lower plane of the blanks to be welded to be opposite, and controlling the size difference of adjacent blanks to be within 2 mm; then, a fastening device is used for applying a compressive stress to the blanks axially so that certain pressure intensity is achieved between the blanks to be welded; placing a plurality of fastened blanks to be welded into a vacuum chamber for vacuumizing, and welding the gap positions of the adjacent blanks to be welded by using a vacuum electron beam; and after welding, the constructed blank is moved out of the vacuum chamber and put into a heating furnace for stress relief annealing, and finally the sealing welding of the blank difficult to weld is completed. The method can solve the problem of weld cracking of the metal difficult to weld after welding is finished, enables vacuum packaging of the metal difficult to weld to be possible, and greatly expands the application range of metal construction forming technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electron beam welding, and particularly relates to a vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing cracking of a difficult-to-weld metal, which is suitable for a vacuum electron beam welding process of blanks.
Background
The metal construction forming technology is a novel large forging manufacturing technology proposed in the last 10 years, and the technology takes a plurality of homogenized small-size plate blanks as elements, and eliminates interfaces through the steps of surface cleaning, vacuum packaging, high-temperature heating, deformation connection, forging forming and the like, so that seamless connection is realized, and finally, an integrated large-size homogeneous component is obtained. The technology skillfully combines the traditional forging means and the emerging additive manufacturing, greatly shortens the difference of the performance level from laboratory materials to engineering components, and is particularly suitable for solving the homogenization preparation problem of key large components.
Vacuum encapsulation is an important process for building the forming process and is usually achieved by welding around the blank under vacuum. The welding stress of the extra-thick (the thickness range is generally 150 mm-400 mm) blanks such as 42CrMo, die steel, 45# steel and the like is large in the welding process, so that the problems of welding seam cracking and the like are easily caused, and the construction forming technology is difficult to directly apply. Therefore, if a compressive stress can be applied to the super-thick blank to offset part of welding tensile stress, the strength of the welded metal is greater than that of the welding stress, the initiation of cracks can be effectively inhibited, and the problem of vacuum packaging of metals difficult to weld is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing cracking of a difficult-to-weld metal, which can solve the problem of vacuum packaging of the difficult-to-weld metal and is used for preventing the difficult-to-weld metal from generating welding cracks in the electron beam welding process.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing cracking of difficult-to-weld metal comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out equal-size processing on the length, the width or the diameter of the blank to be welded;
2) cleaning the surface to be welded of the blank to be welded;
3) designing a fastening device according to the size of the blank to be welded, stacking the cleaned blank to be welded into a preset shape on a fastening tray, and fastening and compacting the blank to be welded along the axial direction;
4) the fastened blanks to be welded are placed in a vacuum chamber, the welding seams are fixed in a spot welding mode, welding is carried out along the positions of contact gaps of the blanks after spot welding is finished, the welding seams surround the peripheries of the blanks, and therefore vacuum packaging of two adjacent blanks to be welded is achieved, and the vacuum state between the blanks to be welded is still kept after the blanks to be welded are discharged from the vacuum chamber; packaging interfaces among all blanks to be welded to obtain a sealing welding blank;
5) and (4) dismounting the fastening device, and putting the seal welding blank into a heating furnace for stress relief annealing.
In the vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing the difficult-to-weld metal from cracking, in the step 1), when the blank to be welded is a cuboid or polygonal blank, the upper surface and the lower surface of the blank to be welded are processed flatly, the length and the width are processed in equal size, and the length-width size difference of adjacent blanks is not more than 2 mm; when the blank to be welded is a cylinder, the upper surface and the lower surface of the blank to be welded are processed to be smooth, the diameter is processed in an equal size, and the diameter difference of adjacent blanks is not more than 2 mm.
In the step 3), the fastening device comprises a fastening tray, a pressure plate and at least two fastening pull rods, wherein the upper part of each fastening pull rod is provided with an external thread, the pressure plate which is relatively parallel to the fastening tray is sleeved on the external thread part of the upper part of each fastening pull rod, and the pressure plate is fastened by a nut through the threads.
According to the vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing the difficult-to-weld metal from cracking, when the blank is a cuboid or a polygonal body, the pull rod is positioned at the extension line of the diagonal line of the blank, and the distance between the pull rod and the corner of the blank is more than 50 mm; preferably, the distance between the pull rod and the corner of the blank is 50-100 mm.
According to the vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing the difficult-to-weld metal from cracking, when the blank is a cylinder, the fastening device needs to comprise a pressurizing device and a rotary table, fastening is realized in a mode of combining the pressurizing device on the pressing plate and the nut through threaded fastening, the rotary table is arranged above the fastening tray, and the blank is rotated in the welding process so that the blank can rotate in the vacuum chamber to complete vacuum packaging of the blank.
According to the vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing the difficult-to-weld metal from cracking, the distance between the pull rod and the blank is more than 50 mm; preferably, the distance between the pull rod and the blank is 50-100 mm.
In the vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing the difficult-to-weld metal from cracking, in the step 3), the misalignment between adjacent blanks after the blanks to be welded are stacked is not more than 2mm, and the gap is not more than 1 mm.
In the vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing the difficult-to-weld metal from cracking, in the step 3), after the blanks to be welded are fastened and compacted in the axial direction, the axial pressure generated by the fastening device on the gap between the blanks to be welded is not less than 30 kPa; preferably, the axial pressure of the fastening device on the gap between the blanks to be welded is 30-60 kPa.
In the vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing the difficult-to-weld metal from cracking, in the step 5), after sealing welding is completed, the sealing welding blank is charged in a furnace and is heated and annealed within 30 minutes.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
the invention firstly applies a compressive stress to the blank to be welded in a mechanical fastening mode, and then carries out vacuum packaging under the vacuum condition by adopting welding methods such as electron beam welding and the like, thereby offsetting partial welding stress and preventing the formation of welding cracks, and then leads the welding stress of the blank to reach a lower level by integral stress relief annealing, thereby realizing the vacuum packaging of metals difficult to weld.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the invention can reduce the axial tensile stress generated at the welding seam position in the welding process, thereby preventing the welding seam from cracking. When metal is welded, weld metal can bear large welding tensile stress because the metal shrinks in volume in the solidification process after remelting. Cracking occurs when the strength of the weld is less than the weld tensile stress. The invention can effectively offset part of welding stress by mechanical fastening, can release the welding stress by annealing heat treatment after welding, effectively prevents welding seam from cracking, and realizes vacuum packaging of metals difficult to weld.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required in the embodiment of the present invention:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a threaded fastener along a diagonal.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an integral push-down threaded fastener.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a rotary compression fastening device.
The numbering in the figures illustrates: 1 fastening tray, 2 pressing plate, 3 fastening pull rod, 4 blank to be welded, 5 pressurizing device and 6 rotary table.
Detailed Description
In the specific implementation process, the invention provides a vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing difficult-to-weld metal from cracking, which comprises the steps of taking forged billets, casting billets, rolling billets and the like as blanks to be welded, stacking more than two blanks to be welded together after surface machining and cleaning treatment, then tightly fixing the blanks along the diagonal positions of the blanks by using a specific clamp, then putting the blanks into a vacuum chamber to weld the contact gap positions of the blanks by electron beams, putting a sealing and welding billet into a heating furnace to perform stress relief annealing after welding is finished, and finally realizing vacuum sealing and welding of the blanks. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) and processing the blank to be welded. When the blank to be welded is a cuboid or polygonal blank, processing the upper and lower surfaces of the blank to be welded to be flat, and processing the length and the width of the blank to be welded in an equal size, wherein the length-width size difference of adjacent blanks is not more than 2 mm; when the blank to be welded is a cylinder, the upper surface and the lower surface of the blank to be welded are processed to be smooth, the diameter is processed in an equal size, and the diameter difference of adjacent blanks is not more than 2 mm.
2) And cleaning the surface to be welded of the blank to be welded. The surface to be welded is mechanically ground and is cleaned by alcohol or acetone, so that the high cleanness of the metal surface is guaranteed, and fresh metal is exposed.
3) The fastening device is designed according to the size of the blank to be welded, and comprises a fastening tray, a pressing plate and at least two fastening pull rods. The upper part of each fastening pull rod is provided with an external thread, the pressure plate which is relatively parallel to the fastening tray is sleeved on the external thread part on the upper part of the fastening pull rod, and the pressure plate is fastened by a nut through the threads. When the blank is a cuboid or a polygonal body, the pull rod is positioned at the extension line of the diagonal line of the blank, and the distance between the pull rod and the corner of the blank is more than 50 mm. Preferably, the distance between the pull rod and the corner of the blank is 50-100 mm. When the blank is a cylinder, the fastening device also needs to comprise a pressurizing device and a rotary table. The fastening is realized by adopting a mode of combining a pressurizing device on the pressing plate with screw fastening through a nut, a turntable is arranged above the fastening tray, and the blank is rotated in the welding process, so that the blank can rotate in a vacuum chamber to finish the vacuum packaging of the blank. When the blank is a cylinder, the distance between the pull rod and the blank is more than 50 mm. Preferably, the distance between the pull rod and the blank is 50-100 mm. And stacking the cleaned blanks to be welded on a fastening tray into a preset shape, enabling the upper plane and the lower plane of the blanks to be welded to be opposite, enabling the staggered edge between the adjacent blanks to be not more than 2mm and the gap to be not more than 1mm after the blanks to be welded are stacked. And applying a compressive stress to the blanks to be welded along the axial direction by using a fastening device, so that the axial pressure generated by the gap between the blanks to be welded is not less than 30 kPa. Preferably, the axial pressure of the fastening device on the gap between the blanks to be welded is 30-60 kPa.
4) And (3) placing the fastened blanks to be welded into a vacuum chamber, fixing the welding seams by spot welding, welding along the contact gap positions of the blanks after spot welding is finished, and enabling the welding seams to surround the peripheries of the blanks, so that vacuum packaging of two adjacent blanks to be welded is realized, and the vacuum state between the blanks to be welded can still be maintained after the blanks to be welded are discharged from the vacuum chamber. When the multilayer welding seams are welded simultaneously, the welding sequence is from top to bottom in layers. And (4) packaging interfaces among all blanks to be welded to obtain the sealing and welding blanks.
5) And (4) dismounting the fastening device, and putting the seal welding blank into a heating furnace within 30 minutes for stress relief annealing.
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments, and covers any modifications, substitutions and improvements of equivalent means without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the blanks to be welded are fastened and then sealed by adopting a diagonal thread fastening device, and the number of the blanks to be welded is 45# steel. The blank to be welded is a square blank to be welded with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height multiplied by 400mm multiplied by 200mm, 4 blocks in total are subjected to surface cleaning, stacking and assembling, fastening and compacting, welding and stress relief annealing to complete sealing welding, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, the length and the width of a cuboid blank to be welded are processed in equal size, so that the length and the width of the adjacent blanks to be welded are consistent, and the upper surface and the lower surface are processed to be smooth.
And secondly, mechanically polishing the blank to be welded, and cleaning the upper surface and the lower surface. The surface to be welded is mechanically ground, and is cleaned by alcohol, so that the high cleanness of the metal surface is guaranteed, and fresh metal is exposed.
Thirdly, designing a fastening device according to the size of the blank to be welded, wherein the embodiment adopts a diagonal thread fastening device. As shown in figure 1, the device is provided with a fastening tray 1, a pressing plate 2 and a fastening pull rod 3, wherein two fastening pull rods 3 which are parallel relatively are vertically and tightly installed at one group of diagonal positions on the cuboid plate-shaped fastening tray 1, an external thread is arranged at the upper part of each fastening pull rod 3, the strip-shaped pressing plate 2 which is parallel relatively to the fastening tray 1 is sleeved on the external thread parts at the upper parts of the two fastening pull rods 3 and is arranged at the top of a blank 4 to be welded stacked on the fastening tray 1. In the fastening device, the distance between two fastening pull rods 3 is 700mm, the cleaned blanks 4 to be welded are stacked on a fastening tray 1, the upper surface and the lower surface of two adjacent blanks 4 to be welded are in contact alignment, the misalignment amount between the adjacent blanks 4 to be welded is 1mm after stacking, and the gap is smaller than 0.5 mm. And applying a 5kN compressive stress to the blank 4 to be welded along the axial direction by using the nut for screw fastening, so that the axial pressure generated by the gap between the blank 4 to be welded is 31.25 kPa.
And fourthly, placing the fastened blanks to be welded into a vacuum chamber for vacuumizing, enabling the gap between two adjacent blanks to be welded to be in a vacuum state, spot-welding and fixing the gap, welding along the position of the contact gap of the blanks to be welded after spot welding is finished, and enabling the welding line to surround the periphery of the blanks to be welded, so that vacuum packaging of the two adjacent blanks to be welded is realized, and the vacuum state between the blanks to be welded can still be maintained after the blanks to be welded are discharged from the vacuum chamber. In the embodiment, 4 blanks to be welded exist, 3 layers of gaps exist, and the welding is sequentially carried out from top to bottom in sequence. And (4) packaging interfaces among all blanks to be welded to obtain the sealing and welding blanks.
And fifthly, removing the fastening device after the seal welding is finished, and putting the seal welding blank into a heating furnace for stress relief annealing within 15 minutes, wherein the annealing temperature is 650 ℃.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the integral downward-pressing thread fastening device is adopted to fasten and seal the blank to be welded, and the grade of the blank to be welded is 718 die steel. The blank to be welded is a square blank to be welded with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height multiplied by 600mm multiplied by 200mm, 6 blocks in total are subjected to surface cleaning, stacking and assembling, fastening and compacting, welding and stress relief annealing to complete sealing welding, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out equal-size processing on the length and the width of rectangular blanks to be welded to enable the length and the width of adjacent blanks to be welded to be consistent, and processing the upper surface and the lower surface to be smooth.
And secondly, mechanically polishing the blank to be welded, and cleaning the upper surface and the lower surface. The surface to be welded is mechanically ground, and is cleaned by alcohol, so that the high cleanness of the metal surface is guaranteed, and fresh metal is exposed.
And thirdly, designing a fastening device according to the size of the blank to be welded, wherein the embodiment adopts an integral downward-pressing thread fastening device. As shown in fig. 2, the device is provided with a fastening tray 1, a pressing plate 2 and fastening pull rods 3, four fastening pull rods 3 which are relatively parallel are vertically fastened and installed at four corners of the rectangular plate-shaped fastening tray 1, an external thread is arranged on the upper portion of each fastening pull rod 3, the rectangular pressing plate 2 which is relatively parallel to the fastening tray 1 in the same size is sleeved on the external thread portions of the upper portions of the four fastening pull rods 3, and the external thread portions are arranged on the top portions of blanks 4 to be welded, which are stacked on the fastening tray 1. In the fastening device, the distance between two groups of diagonal pull rods 3 is 1000mm respectively, cleaned blanks 4 to be welded are stacked on a fastening tray 1, the upper surface and the lower surface of two adjacent blanks 4 to be welded are in contact alignment, the misalignment amount between the adjacent blanks 4 to be welded is 2mm after stacking, and the gap is smaller than 0.5 mm. And applying a compressive stress of 15kN to the blank 4 to be welded along the axial direction by using a threaded fastening device for the nut, so that the axial pressure generated by the gap between the blank 4 to be welded is 41.7 kPa.
And fourthly, placing the fastened blanks to be welded into a vacuum chamber for vacuumizing, enabling the gap between two adjacent blanks to be welded to be in a vacuum state, spot-welding and fixing the gap, welding along the position of the contact gap of the blanks to be welded after spot welding is finished, and enabling the welding line to surround the periphery of the blanks to be welded, so that vacuum packaging of the two adjacent blanks to be welded is realized, and the vacuum state between the blanks to be welded can still be maintained after the blanks to be welded are discharged from the vacuum chamber. In the embodiment, 6 blanks to be welded exist, 5 layers of gaps exist, and the welding is sequentially carried out from top to bottom in sequence. And (5) finishing packaging 5 layers of interfaces among all the blanks to be welded to obtain the sealing and welding blanks.
And fifthly, detaching the fastening device after the seal welding is finished, and putting the seal welded blank into a heating furnace for stress relief annealing at 680 ℃ for 20 minutes.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the blanks to be welded are fastened and then sealed by adopting a rotary pressurizing and fastening device, and the grade of the blanks to be welded is 42 CrMo. The method comprises the following steps of (1) finishing sealing welding by surface cleaning, stacking and assembling, fastening and compacting, welding and stress relief annealing, wherein the blank to be welded is cylindrical with the diameter of 1000mm and the thickness of 300mm, and the total number of 6 blanks, and the specific steps are as follows:
firstly, the diameter of a cylindrical blank to be welded is processed with equal size, the diameters of the adjacent blanks to be welded are consistent, and the upper surface and the lower surface are processed to be smooth.
And secondly, mechanically polishing the blank to be welded, and cleaning the upper surface and the lower surface. The surface to be welded is mechanically ground, and is cleaned by alcohol, so that the high cleanness of the metal surface is guaranteed, and fresh metal is exposed.
Thirdly, designing a fastening device according to the size of the blank to be welded, wherein the embodiment adopts a rotary pressurizing fastening device. As shown in fig. 3, the device is provided with a fastening tray 1, a pressing plate 2, fastening pull rods 3, a pressurizing device 5 and a rotary table 6, four fastening pull rods 3 which are parallel relatively are vertically and tightly installed outside four corners of the rectangular plate-shaped fastening tray 1, the rotary table 6 is arranged between the four fastening pull rods 3 in the middle of the fastening tray 1, an external thread is arranged on the upper portion of each fastening pull rod 3, the pressing plate 2 which is parallel relatively with the fastening tray 1 in the same size is sleeved on the external thread portions on the upper portions of the four fastening pull rods 3 and is positioned above blanks 4 to be welded stacked on the rotary table 6, the pressurizing device 5 is installed and fixed on the pressing plate 2, and the output end on the lower portion of the pressurizing device penetrates through the pressing plate 2 and corresponds to the top of the blanks 4 to be welded. Wherein, the function of revolving stage 6 is: and rotating the blank in the welding process to enable the blank to be subjected to vacuum packaging in a vacuum chamber.
In the fastening device, the distance between two groups of diagonal pull rods 3 is 1200 mm. And stacking the cleaned blanks 4 to be welded on a rotary table 6, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of two adjacent blanks 4 to be welded are in contact alignment, the misalignment amount between the adjacent blanks 4 to be welded is 2mm after stacking, and the gap is smaller than 1 mm. A pressing device 5 is combined with the threaded fastening through a nut to apply a 30kN compressive stress to the blank 4 to be welded along the axial direction, so that the axial pressure generated by the gap between the blank 4 to be welded is 39.6 kPa.
And fourthly, placing the fastened blanks to be welded into a vacuum chamber for vacuumizing, enabling the gap between two adjacent blanks to be welded to be in a vacuum state, spot-welding and fixing the gap, welding along the position of the contact gap of the blanks to be welded after spot welding is finished, and enabling the welding line to surround the periphery of the blanks to be welded, so that vacuum packaging of the two adjacent blanks to be welded is realized, and the vacuum state between the blanks to be welded can still be maintained after the blanks to be welded are discharged from the vacuum chamber. In the embodiment, 6 blanks to be welded exist, 5 layers of gaps exist, and the welding is sequentially carried out from top to bottom in sequence. And (5) finishing packaging 5 layers of interfaces among all the blanks to be welded to obtain the sealing and welding blanks.
Fifthly, detaching the fastening device after the sealing welding is finished, and putting the sealing welding blank into a heating furnace for stress relief annealing at the annealing temperature of 660 ℃ for 30 minutes.
The embodiment result shows that the method can solve the problem that the welding seam of the metal difficult to weld cracks after the welding is finished, so that the vacuum packaging of the metal difficult to weld is possible, and the application range of the metal construction forming technology is greatly expanded.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing cracking of difficult-to-weld metal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) carrying out equal-size processing on the length, the width or the diameter of the blank to be welded;
2) cleaning the surface to be welded of the blank to be welded;
3) designing a fastening device according to the size of the blank to be welded, stacking the cleaned blank to be welded into a preset shape on a fastening tray, and fastening and compacting the blank to be welded along the axial direction;
4) placing the fastened blanks to be welded into a vacuum chamber, fixing the welding seams in a spot welding manner, welding along the contact gap positions of the blanks after the spot welding is finished, and enabling the welding seams to surround the peripheries of the blanks, so that vacuum packaging of two adjacent blanks to be welded is realized, and the vacuum state between the blanks to be welded is still maintained after the blanks to be welded are discharged from the vacuum chamber; packaging interfaces among all blanks to be welded to obtain a sealing welding blank;
5) and (4) dismounting the fastening device, and putting the seal welding blank into a heating furnace for stress relief annealing.
2. The vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing difficult-to-weld metal from cracking as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), when the blank to be welded is a cuboid or polygonal blank, the upper and lower surfaces of the blank to be welded are processed to be flat, the length and the width are processed in equal size, and the difference of the length and the width of adjacent blanks is not more than 2 mm; when the blank to be welded is a cylinder, the upper surface and the lower surface of the blank to be welded are processed to be smooth, the diameter is processed in an equal size, and the diameter difference of adjacent blanks is not more than 2 mm.
3. The vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing cracking of difficult-to-weld metal as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3), the fastening device comprises a fastening tray, a pressing plate, and at least two fastening rods, wherein an upper portion of each fastening rod is provided with an external thread, the pressing plate parallel to the fastening tray is sleeved on the upper external thread portion of the fastening rod, and the pressing plate is screwed by a nut.
4. The vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing the difficult-to-weld metal from cracking as claimed in claim 3, wherein when the blank is a cuboid or a polygonal body, the pull rod is positioned at the extension line of the diagonal of the blank, and the distance between the pull rod and the corner of the blank is more than 50 mm; preferably, the distance between the pull rod and the corner of the blank is 50-100 mm.
5. The vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing difficult-to-weld metal from cracking as claimed in claim 3, wherein when the blank is a cylinder, the fastening device further comprises a pressurizing device and a turntable, the pressurizing device on the pressing plate is combined with the nut through screw fastening to realize fastening, the turntable is arranged above the fastening tray, and the blank is rotated in the welding process so that the blank can rotate in the vacuum chamber to complete vacuum packaging of the blank.
6. The vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing cracking of difficult-to-weld metal as claimed in claim 5, wherein the distance between the tie bar and the blank is 50mm or more; preferably, the distance between the pull rod and the blank is 50-100 mm.
7. The vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing cracking of difficult-to-weld metal according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the misalignment between adjacent blanks after the blanks to be welded are stacked is not more than 2mm, and the gap is not more than 1 mm.
8. The vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing cracking of difficult-to-weld metal according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), after the blanks to be welded are fastened and compacted in the axial direction, the axial pressure generated by the fastening device on the gap between the blanks to be welded is not less than 30 kPa.
9. The vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing cracking of difficult-to-weld metal according to claim 8, wherein the axial pressure of the fastening device on the gap between the blanks to be welded is preferably 30-60 kPa.
10. The vacuum electron beam packaging method for preventing cracking of difficult-to-weld metal according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 5), the sealing blank is furnace-loaded and heat-annealed within 30 minutes after the sealing is completed.
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