CN113458594B - Welding method for nuclear main pump centering block laser deposited cobalt-based alloy powder - Google Patents
Welding method for nuclear main pump centering block laser deposited cobalt-based alloy powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN113458594B CN113458594B CN202110828329.7A CN202110828329A CN113458594B CN 113458594 B CN113458594 B CN 113458594B CN 202110828329 A CN202110828329 A CN 202110828329A CN 113458594 B CN113458594 B CN 113458594B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for welding a nuclear main pump centering block by laser deposition of cobalt-base alloy powder, wherein a base material of the centering block is martensitic stainless steel European standard number EN 10088-3.4313 + QT780, martensite is quenched and tempered by tempering, and the surface of a surfacing layer needs to be wiped, deoiled and derusted by using acetone or alcohol before laser deposition; the adopted laser deposited cobalt-based alloy powder meets the AWS A5.21 ERCoCr-A standard requirement, and in addition, the Fe content is required to meet 0-2.5%. The method effectively realizes the cobalt-based alloy powder surfacing of the centering block, and effectively overcomes the welding defects of low efficiency, high dilution rate, high heat input, poor welding quality stability, easy occurrence of air holes and the like in the traditional manual tungsten inert gas shielded arc welding surfacing. The whole surfacing process of the invention can be realized by only observing the molten pool by a welding operator, thus greatly improving the working environment of the welding operator and easily realizing automatic welding. The laser cladding reduces the cladding thickness, saves the cost and improves the surfacing efficiency under the condition of meeting the same performance requirement.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a method for welding a nuclear main pump centering block by laser deposition of cobalt-based alloy powder.
Background art:
the nuclear reactor coolant pump (called a main pump for short) is the heart equipment of the reactor of a nuclear power station and is the only rotary mechanical equipment in a reactor cooling system, and one of the basic requirements of the nuclear reactor coolant pump is as follows: can work safely and reliably under the condition of unmanned maintenance for a long time. The centering block is used as a key part of the main pump and is a connecting part of the lower guide bearing and the bearing guide ring, and the centering block is required to have good performance requirements on wear resistance, fatigue resistance and the like, so that the high requirement on the surfacing quality of the centering block is met. Therefore, laser deposition of the cobalt-based alloy powder surfacing centering block is a very necessary and practically significant technology.
The base material of the centering block is martensite stainless steel Europe mark number EN10088-31.4313+ QT780, and the martensite is quenched, tempered and tempered, has higher strength and better wear resistance, but is easy to generate cold cracks during welding.
At present, manual tungsten inert gas arc welding is generally used for surfacing centering blocks internationally, the method has the defects of low welding efficiency, shallow fusion depth, high dilution rate, high heat input, high workpiece deformation, poor welding quality stability, easiness in occurrence of welding defects such as air holes and the like, and meanwhile, the operating environment of a welder is relatively severe, so that the method has great significance for improving the surfacing welding method for the centering blocks.
The laser deposition has the technical characteristics of low heat input, small deformation, high efficiency, good welding quality and the like. If the centering block is overlaid by laser deposited cobalt-based alloy powder, a laser deposition process technology with autonomous manufacturing capability is formed, the quality of the centering block is greatly improved, the laser deposition is applied to the field of shaft seal main pump projects, and the welding quality and technical innovation of core components in the nuclear power industry in China are improved.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a method for welding a nuclear main pump centering block by laser deposition of cobalt-based alloy powder, which has the advantages of low laser deposition heat input, small deformation, high efficiency and good welding quality, improves the welding quality and the yield of the centering block, and ensures that the centering block can work more safely and reliably under the condition of no maintenance for a long time in the service process.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for welding a nuclear main pump centering block by laser deposition of cobalt-based alloy powder comprises the following steps:
(1) The base material of the centering block is martensite stainless steel European standard number EN10088-31.4313+ QT780, the martensite is quenched and tempered, and before laser cladding, the surface of the surfacing layer needs to be wiped by acetone or alcohol, and oil and rust are removed;
(2) The adopted laser deposited cobalt-based alloy powder meets the AWS 5.21ERCoCr-A standard requirement, and in addition, the Fe content is required to meet 0-2.5%;
(3) Surfacing the surface of the base material by adopting laser deposition: and (3) surfacing thickness: 1.5 mm-2.5 mm, and the welding parameters are as follows: preheating temperature of centering block: 310 ℃, power of disc laser device: 2.3 KW-3.0 KW, spot diameter: 35 mm-40 mm, surfacing speed: 580 mm/min-630 mm/min, protective gas flow (Ar): 5L/min-7L/min, powder feeding gas flow rate (He): 3L/min-5L/min, lap joint amount: 1 mm-2 mm, the number of surfacing layers: 1-2 layers, wherein the surfacing positions are two planes which are parallel in the centering block; in the laser cladding process, a small turntable is used for clamping the centering block, and according to program setting, when one layer of build-up welding is finished in the build-up welding process, the centering block is flexibly and accurately built-up welded by turning over the small turntable and matching with a machine head of a laser cladding welding machine;
(4) After surfacing, putting a surfacing part into a resistance heating furnace, preserving heat for 1h at 460 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, wherein the cooling rate is as follows: 30 ℃/h;
(5) After welding, visual inspection of the weld was performed: the surface has no cracks, no craters and no harmful defects of air holes; and (3) carrying out liquid penetration detection and flaw detection after processing the surfacing surface: circular display larger than 2mm is not required, 3 or more than 3 displays are not required to be arranged in a straight line, and the distance between the displays is smaller than 3mm from side to side;
(6) Overlaying cobalt-based alloy powder on the martensitic stainless steel subjected to quenching and tempering by adopting a laser cladding overlaying method, wherein the surface of an overlaying layer is well formed, and the surface and the interior of the overlaying layer have no air holes or crack defects; microstructure of the surfacing layer: the plane crystal close to the parent metal, the small cellular crystal area distributed on the plane crystal, the dendritic crystal area with the largest area in the surfacing layer and the axial crystal area distributed at the top end of the surfacing layer are fine and dense in grains as seen from the microstructure; the chemical components of the overlaying layer are basically consistent with the main components of the filling powder which is not diluted by the parent metal, and the dilution rate is low; rockwell hardness of weld overlay: not less than 45HRC.
The invention has the technical effects that:
since the centering block base material is martensitic stainless steel and 2 parallel planes need to be deposited by bead welding as shown in fig. 1, problems such as porosity, cracks, insufficient machining due to deformation of the bead welding, and the like are likely to occur in conventional manual tig arc welding bead welding. The invention adopts a welding method of nuclear main pump centering block laser deposited cobalt-based alloy powder, realizes the high-quality, high-efficiency and stable surfacing centering block:
in order to avoid cold cracks during surfacing, the centering block is preheated before surfacing, the minimum preheating temperature is 310 ℃, and the working environment of a welding operator is severe during manual surfacing in the past due to the very high preheating temperature; in the laser cladding process, the small turntable is used for clamping the centering block, and according to the program setting, when one layer of the centering block is built up in the build-up welding process, the centering block is flexibly and accurately built up by turning over the small turntable and matching with a machine head of a laser cladding welding machine. The whole surfacing process does not need a welding operator to operate, only needs to observe a molten pool, greatly improves the working environment of the welding operator, and simultaneously realizes automatic welding easily.
The invention takes mature and stable laser deposition process parameters as the basis, and the welding parameters are as follows: preheating temperature of centering block: 310 ℃, power of disc laser device: 2.3 KW-3.0 KW, spot diameter: 35 mm-40 mm, surfacing speed: 580 mm/min-630 mm/min, protective gas flow (Ar): 5L/min-7L/min, powder feeding gas flow rate (He): 3L/min-5L/min, lap joint amount: 1 mm-2 mm, the number of surfacing layers: 1-2 layers; in the laser cladding process, the small rotary table is used for clamping the centering block, and according to program setting, when one layer of the centering block is overlaid in the overlaying process, the centering block is overlaid flexibly and accurately by turning over the small rotary table and matching with a laser cladding welding machine head.
The invention effectively realizes the laser deposited cobalt-based alloy powder surfacing of the centering block and effectively overcomes the welding defects of low efficiency, shallow fusion depth, large dilution rate, large heat input, large deformation of workpieces, poor welding quality stability, easy occurrence of air holes and the like in the traditional manual tungsten inert gas shielded arc welding surfacing. The whole surfacing process does not need a welding operator to operate, only a molten pool is needed to be observed, the working environment of the welding operator is greatly improved, and meanwhile, automatic welding is easily realized. The laser cladding reduces the cladding thickness, saves the cost and improves the surfacing welding efficiency under the condition of meeting the same performance requirement. At present, laser deposition process parameters are successfully applied to fixed-center block cobalt-based alloy powder surfacing, a welded workpiece has the advantages of small deformation, low dilution rate, high surfacing efficiency, high and uniform hardness of a surfacing layer, no crack, no pore, fine grain, good wear resistance, good fatigue resistance and the like, and the design requirements are met by successfully passing weld quality detection. Practice proves that the laser deposition welding method has high application value, economic benefit and social benefit on the nuclear main pump centering block.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a front view of a centering block
FIG. 2 is a side view of the centering block
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
a method for welding a nuclear main pump centering block by laser deposition of cobalt-based alloy powder comprises the following steps:
(1) As shown in fig. 1, the centering block substrate (1) is martensite stainless steel European standard number EN10088-31.4313+ QT780, the martensite is quenched and tempered, and the surface of the surfacing layer needs to be wiped by acetone or alcohol before laser cladding, and oil and rust are removed;
(2) The adopted laser deposited cobalt-based alloy powder meets the AWS 5.21ERCoCr-A standard requirement, and in addition, the Fe content is required to meet 0-2.5%;
(3) As shown in fig. 2, the surface of the base material was deposited and welded by laser: thickness of surfacing (2): 1.5 mm-2.5 mm, and the welding parameters are as follows: preheating temperature of the centering block: 310 ℃, disc laser device power: 2.3 KW-3.0 KW, spot diameter: 35 mm-40 mm, surfacing speed: 580 mm/min-630 mm/min, protective gas flow (Ar): 5L/min-7L/min, powder feeding gas flow rate (He): 3L/min-5L/min, lap joint amount: 1 mm-2 mm, the number of surfacing layers: 1-2 layers, wherein the surfacing positions are two planes which are parallel to each other in the centering block; in the laser cladding process, a small turntable is used for clamping the centering block, and according to the program setting, when one layer of the centering block is built up in the build-up welding process, the centering block is flexibly and accurately built up by turning over the small turntable and matching with a machine head of a laser cladding welding machine;
(4) After surfacing, putting a surfacing part into a resistance heating furnace, preserving heat for 1h at 460 ℃, then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, wherein the cooling rate is as follows: 30 ℃/h;
(5) After welding, visual inspection of the weld was performed: the surface has no cracks, craters and harmful defects of pores; and (3) performing liquid penetration detection and flaw detection after processing the surfacing surface: circular display larger than 2mm is not required, 3 or more than 3 displays are not required to be arranged in a straight line, and the distance between the displays is smaller than 3mm from side to side;
(6) Overlaying cobalt-based alloy powder on the martensitic stainless steel subjected to quenching and tempering by adopting a laser cladding overlaying method, wherein the surface of an overlaying layer is well formed, and the surface and the interior of the overlaying layer have no air holes or crack defects; microstructure of the surfacing layer: the plane crystal close to the parent metal, the small cellular crystal area distributed on the plane crystal, the dendritic crystal area with the largest area in the surfacing layer and the axial crystal area distributed at the top end of the surfacing layer are fine and dense in grains as seen from the microstructure; the chemical components of the overlaying layer are basically consistent with the main components of the filling powder which is not diluted by the parent metal, and the dilution rate is low; rockwell hardness of weld overlay: not less than 45HRC.
In the embodiment of the invention, 2 overlaying layers with different thicknesses are deposited by laser deposition, wherein the thicknesses of the overlaying layers are respectively 2.5mm (2 layers of overlaying) and 1.5mm (1 layer of overlaying), and the comparison is carried out with the prior manual overlaying (the thickness of the manual overlaying is 2.5mm, and 2 layers of overlaying are carried out); after comparing liquid permeation test, overlaying layer macroscopic metallographic test, overlaying layer chemical analysis test, overlaying layer microstructure test and overlaying layer Rockwell hardness test, the service performance of the laser deposition overlaying layer with the thickness of 1.5mm is almost consistent with that of manual overlaying layer with the thickness of 2.5mm, and meanwhile, the laser deposition overlaying layer is more uniform in hardness and better in quality; the performance of the overlaying layer with the thickness of 2.5mm of laser deposition overlaying is superior to that of other laser deposition overlaying layers and manual overlaying in all aspects.
The whole surfacing process of the invention does not need a welding operator to operate, only needs to observe the molten pool, greatly improves the working environment of the welding operator, and simultaneously is easy to realize automatic welding. The laser cladding reduces the cladding thickness, saves the cost and improves the surfacing efficiency under the condition of meeting the same performance requirement. At present, laser cladding process parameters are successfully applied to the fixed-core block cobalt-based alloy powder surfacing, a welded workpiece has the advantages of small deformation, low dilution rate, high surfacing efficiency, high and uniform hardness of a surfacing layer, no crack, no pore, grain refinement, good wear resistance, good fatigue resistance and the like, and the design requirements are met by successfully passing weld quality detection. Practice proves that the laser cladding welding method has high application value, economic benefit and social benefit on the nuclear main pump centering block.
Claims (1)
1. A nuclear main pump centering block laser cladding cobalt-based alloy powder welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The base material of the centering block is martensite stainless steel European standard number EN 10088-3.4313 + QT780, the martensite is quenched and tempered, and before laser cladding, the surface of the surfacing layer needs to be wiped by acetone or alcohol, and oil and rust are removed;
(2) The adopted laser deposited cobalt-based alloy powder meets the requirements of AWS A5.21 ERCoCr-A standard, and in addition, the content of Fe is required to meet 0 to 2.5 percent;
(3) Surfacing the surface of the base material by laser deposition: surfacing thickness: 1.5mm to 2.5mm, and the welding parameters are as follows: preheating temperature of the centering block: 310 ℃, disc laser device power: 2.3KW to 3.0KW, spot diameter: 35mm to 40mm, surfacing speed: 580 mm/min-630 mm/min, protective gas flow Ar: 5-7L/min, powder feeding gas flow rate He: 3L/min-5L/min, lap joint amount: 1mm to 2mm, the number of surfacing layers: 1~2 layers, and the surfacing positions are two planes which are parallel in the centering block; in the laser cladding process, a small turntable is used for clamping the centering block, and according to the program setting, when one layer of the centering block is built up in the build-up welding process, the centering block is flexibly and accurately built up by turning over the small turntable and matching with a machine head of a laser cladding welding machine;
(4) After surfacing, putting a surfacing part into a resistance heating furnace, preserving heat for 1h at 460 ℃, then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, wherein the cooling rate is as follows: 30 ℃/h;
(5) After the welding is completed, visual inspection is performed on the welding seam: the surface has no cracks, no craters and no harmful defects of air holes; and (3) carrying out liquid penetration detection and flaw detection after processing the surfacing surface: circular display larger than 2mm is not required, 3 or more than 3 displays are not required to be arranged in a straight line, and the distance between the displays is smaller than 3mm from edge to edge;
(6) The cobalt-based alloy powder is overlaid and welded on the martensitic stainless steel subjected to quenching and tempering by adopting a laser cladding overlaying method, the surface of the overlaying layer is well formed, and the surface and the interior of the overlaying layer have no air holes or crack defects; microstructure of the surfacing layer: the plane crystal close to the parent metal, the small cellular crystal area distributed on the plane crystal, the dendritic crystal area with the largest area in the surfacing layer and the axial crystal area distributed at the top end of the surfacing layer are fine and dense in grains as seen from the microstructure; the chemical components of the overlaying layer are basically consistent with the main components of the filling powder which is not diluted by the parent metal, and the dilution rate is low; rockwell hardness of weld overlay: not less than 45HRC.
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