CN114504064B - Application of extract of stem and leaf of alpinia oxyphylla as feed additive for litopenaeus vannamei - Google Patents
Application of extract of stem and leaf of alpinia oxyphylla as feed additive for litopenaeus vannamei Download PDFInfo
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- CN114504064B CN114504064B CN202210045579.8A CN202210045579A CN114504064B CN 114504064 B CN114504064 B CN 114504064B CN 202210045579 A CN202210045579 A CN 202210045579A CN 114504064 B CN114504064 B CN 114504064B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses application of an extract of stem and leaf of alpinia oxyphylla as a feed additive of litopenaeus vannamei, wherein the addition amount of the extract of stem and leaf of alpinia oxyphylla accounts for 0.01-0.07% of the total mass of the feed. The invention also discloses a litopenaeus vannamei compound feed containing the litopenaeus vannamei stem and leaf extract and a preparation method thereof, and the litopenaeus vannamei stem and leaf extract has the effects of improving the growth performance of litopenaeus vannamei, improving the feed efficiency of litopenaeus vannamei, improving the intestinal flora structure of litopenaeus vannamei and improving the immunity of litopenaeus vannamei. And the stem and leaf of the alpinia oxyphylla is derived from the overground waste part, so that the resource utilization rate is greatly improved, and the preparation method is nontoxic, green and environment-friendly and has no pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of prawn feed, and particularly relates to application of an extract of stem and leaf of alpinia oxyphylla as a litopenaeus vannamei feed additive.
Background
In the traditional prawn cultivation mode, in order to pursue high survival rate and high yield of cultivation, the cultivation industry often depends on high-residue medicines such as antibiotics, but along with abuse of medicines such as antibiotics, the pathogenesis causes in the cultivation process are more and more complex, so that cultivation diseases are difficult to prevent and control, and pollution is caused to cultivation environment and aquatic products, so that the problems of resistance reduction and resistance forbidding are urgent.
Shrimp mainly depend on digestive enzymes to decompose food, one part of digestive enzymes are secreted by digestive organs of the shrimp, the other part of digestive enzymes are derived from microorganisms in digestive tracts, and the microorganisms depend on stable living environment of fish intestinal tracts to survive, so that power is provided for digestion of fish, and the digestive enzymes belong to a complex mutually-friendly symbiotic relationship. In recent years, the phenomenon of the white feces and the drags feces of the prawns is serious, and the death rate is high, which has direct concern on the imbalance of intestinal flora, so that the research on the feed additive with the structure for improving the intestinal flora has remarkable significance for improving the culture benefit and the quality of aquatic products.
The Chinese herbal medicine additive has the advantages of green pollution-free, low raw material cost, good effect of improving the immune level and the like, and becomes a research hotspot for replacing antibiotics. The Chinese herbal medicine contains polysaccharide, alkaloid, flavonoid, etc., and has effects of improving antioxidant level and immunity level of aquatic animal, and promoting growth. The number of Chinese herbal medicine additives applied to aquatic products is small, and along with the continuous and deep research of Chinese herbal medicines, more and more Chinese herbal medicine additives are applied to the aquatic product industry.
The nootropic alias fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae, latin is named Alpinia oxyphylla Miq, is a perennial herb of the genus alpinia in the family of Zingiberaceae, has a distribution range mainly in Hainan, is planted in Fujian, guangxi and other places in a small amount, is one of four southernwood medicines in China, and has application history of over 2000.
Litopenaeus vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) is commonly called as Penaeus vannamei, white-leg shrimp and the like, is native to the Pacific ocean area of the middle and south America, is suitable for living in the area from the tropical zone to the temperate zone, and belongs to the phylum arthropoda, the decapod and the genus Penaeus in taxonomy. The annual average growth rate is 6.22% from 2007-2016 years 10, and the total yield of the Litopenaeus vannamei in 2017 China reaches 167.2 ten thousand tons. The litopenaeus vannamei has strong disease resistance and delicious meat, and becomes one of three varieties with highest current shrimp aquaculture yield. The plant can be cultivated in coastal and inland areas of China due to the advantages of wide temperature range, wide salt range and the like.
Along with development of high-density intensive culture, the culture environment is worsened, the pathogen is complex, proper vaccine is lacked for immunization, and along with abuse of antibiotics, diseases such as shit, shit death, white spot and the like frequently occur, so that the development of industry is seriously threatened. Searching for new immunopotentiator or feed additive capable of enhancing disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei and promoting body health becomes a problem of particular concern to scientific researchers and vast farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide application of an extract of stem and leaf of litopenaeus vannamei as a feed additive for litopenaeus vannamei, wherein the extract of stem and leaf of litopenaeus vannamei has the effects of improving the growth performance of litopenaeus vannamei, improving the feed efficiency of litopenaeus vannamei, improving the intestinal flora structure of litopenaeus vannamei and improving the immunity of litopenaeus vannamei.
The invention also aims at providing the litopenaeus vannamei compound feed and the preparation method thereof.
The first object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical means: the application of the extract of the stem and leaf of the alpinia oxyphylla as the feed additive of the litopenaeus vannamei, wherein the extract of the stem and leaf of the alpinia oxyphylla is added into the basic feed of the litopenaeus vannamei as the feed additive of the litopenaeus vannamei, and the addition amount is 0.01-0.07% of the total mass of the basic feed of the litopenaeus vannamei.
Preferably, the addition amount of the stem and leaf extract of the alpinia oxyphylla is 0.01-0.05% of the total mass of the basic feed of the litopenaeus vannamei.
The addition of the proper amount of the nootropic stem and leaf extract can obviously improve the growth performance of the litopenaeus vannamei, improve the feed efficiency of the litopenaeus vannamei, improve the intestinal flora structure of the litopenaeus vannamei and improve the immunity of the litopenaeus vannamei, and the nootropic stem and leaf extract can not achieve the corresponding effect if the addition of the nootropic stem and leaf extract is too low or too high.
Furthermore, the extract of the stem and leaf of the alpinia oxyphylla is used as the only active ingredient in the preparation of the litopenaeus vannamei feed additive which has the effects of improving the growth performance of the litopenaeus vannamei, improving the feed efficiency of the litopenaeus vannamei, improving the intestinal flora structure of the litopenaeus vannamei and improving the immunity of the litopenaeus vannamei.
Preferably, the stem and leaf extract is obtained by taking fresh stem and leaf of fructus Alpinae Oxyphyllae as raw material and extracting by using a hot alcohol method.
Further, the nootropic stem and leaf extract is prepared by the following method: ethanol with the volume percentage of more than 95 percent (ethanol with the concentration of 95 percent to anhydrous) is adopted, the recovery liquid is obtained by condensing and refluxing under the condition of boiling ethanol liquid, and the recovery liquid is decompressed, filtered and dried to obtain the alpinia oxyphylla stem and leaf extract.
Preferably, the litopenaeus vannamei is a young litopenaeus vannamei.
Preferably, the initial weight of the young litopenaeus vannamei is 2.07+/-0.02 g.
The experimental data in the embodiment of the invention show that the extract of the stem and leaf of the alpinia oxyphylla has the effects of particularly improving the composition of intestinal flora and remarkably improving the diversity of intestinal microorganisms for the litopenaeus vannamei, and the litopenaeus vannamei is the prawn variety with the largest cultivation standard in China.
The second object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical means: a litopenaeus vannamei compound feed is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla: 0.01 to 0.07 percent,
fish meal: 23-45%;
bean pulp: 0-20%;
blood meal: 0-5%;
peanut bran: 10-15%;
high gluten flour: 15-20%;
shrimp shell powder: 3%;
fish oil: 3-5%;
phospholipid oil: 1.3%;
cholesterol: 0.2%;
cellulose: 1 to 3 percent;
choline chloride: 1 to 3 percent;
sodium chloride: 0.2%;
calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1 to 2 percent;
vitamin premix: 2%;
mineral premix: 5%;
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: 1%;
the total of the raw materials is 100%.
Preferably, in the litopenaeus vannamei compound feed, the mass percentage of crude protein is 39.12-40.88%, and the mass percentage of crude fat is 8.67-9.93%.
In addition, in the litopenaeus vannamei compound feed, the mass fraction of ash is 10.23-11.03%, and the mass fraction of water is 8.19-8.62%.
Preferably, the raw materials used in the invention are all commercial products, wherein the vitamin premix and the mineral premix are preferably but not limited to purchased from Hainan Zheng Qiang super biological providing technology development Co.
Preferably, the preparation method of the litopenaeus vannamei compound feed comprises the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing the raw materials, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve;
(2) Taking fish meal, bean pulp, blood meal, peanut bran, high gluten flour and shrimp shell meal, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture a;
(3) Taking cellulose, choline chloride, vitamin premix, mineral premix, sodium chloride, monocalcium phosphate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, fully and uniformly adding the mixture into the mixture a in the step (2) and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture b;
(4) Adding fish oil, cholesterol and phospholipid oil into the mixture b in the step (3), and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture c;
(5) Diluting the stem and leaf extract of the alpinia oxyphylla with water, uniformly spraying the stem and leaf extract of the alpinia oxyphylla into the mixture c in the step (4) after uniformly mixing, preparing the mixture into pellet feed by adopting a double screw extruder, drying and refrigerating for standby, and obtaining the compound feed for the litopenaeus vannamei.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the litopenaeus vannamei compound feed: the water consumption in the step (5) is 30% of the total mass of the mixture c, the mixture is prepared into pellet feed with the particle size of 2mm by adopting an SLX-80 twin-screw extruder, and the pellet feed is placed in a shade for air drying and refrigerated at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for standby.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The experimental results of the embodiment 1-2 prove that the extract of the stem and leaf of the invention can be used as the feed additive of the litopenaeus vannamei, and can improve the growth performance, the feed efficiency and the immunity of the cultured prawns;
(2) The test results prove that the litopenaeus vannamei has the effects of particularly improving the intestinal flora composition and remarkably improving the diversity of intestinal microorganisms, is very beneficial to the culture of litopenaeus vannamei, is the prawn variety with the largest culture rule at present, takes the litopenaeus vannamei as a research object, and can further expand the application range of the litopenaeus vannamei stem extract in the follow-up;
(3) The experimental results of the embodiment 1-4 prove that the suitable addition amount of the extract in the invention is 0.01-0.07%, more preferably 0.01-0.05% of the mass of the basic feed according to the growth performance index, and the proper addition amount can obviously improve the growth performance of the litopenaeus vannamei, improve the feed efficiency, improve the intestinal flora structure of the litopenaeus vannamei and improve the immunity of the litopenaeus vannamei, and the addition amount is too low or too high to achieve the effect;
(4) The invention discloses a method for preparing an extract of stem leaves of alpinia oxyphylla, which comprises the steps of collecting stem leaves of the aerial parts of alpinia oxyphylla, extracting the stem leaves of the aerial parts of alpinia oxyphylla by using a solvent, mixing the extract with the solvent, and then adding the extract of the stem leaves of alpinia oxyphylla to obtain the extract of alpinia oxyphylla, wherein the extract of the stem leaves of the alpinia oxyphylla is prepared by mixing the extract of the alpinia oxyphylla with the solvent.
(5) The stem and leaf extract of the invention can be used as a feed additive for litopenaeus vannamei, so that the aquaculture can develop towards green.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of adding different concentrations of extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla on SOD enzyme activity of Litopenaeus vannamei in the feed of example 2 (left panel shows serum, right panel shows hepatopancreas);
FIG. 2 shows the effect of adding different concentrations of extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla on CAT enzyme activity of Litopenaeus vannamei in the feed of example 2 (left panel shows serum, right panel shows hepatopancreas);
FIG. 3 shows the effect of different concentrations of the extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla on GSH-PX enzyme activity of Litopenaeus vannamei added to the feed of example 2 (left panel shows serum, right panel shows hepatopancreas);
FIG. 4 shows the effect of adding different concentrations of the extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla on MDA content of Litopenaeus vannamei in the feed of example 2 (left panel shows serum, right panel shows hepatopancreas);
FIG. 5 shows the effect of different concentrations of the extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla on the activity of T-AOC enzyme of Litopenaeus vannamei (left panel shows serum, right panel shows hepatopancreas) added to the feed of example 2;
FIG. 6 shows the effect of adding different concentrations of extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla on the GOT enzyme activity of Litopenaeus vannamei in the feed of example 2 (left panel shows serum, right panel shows hepatopancreas);
FIG. 7 shows the effect of different concentrations of the extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla on GPT enzyme activity of Litopenaeus vannamei (left panel shows serum, right panel shows hepatopancreas) added to the feed of example 2;
FIG. 8 shows the composition and distribution of the extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla added to the feed of example 3 to the level of bacterial species of the intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei, wherein the ordinate Relative abundance is the relative abundance;
FIG. 9 shows the composition and distribution of the extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla added to the feed of example 3 to the level of bacterial species of the intestinal microbiology family of Litopenaeus vannamei, wherein the ordinate Relative abundance is the relative abundance;
FIG. 10 shows the effect of adding different concentrations of the extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla on the Mn-SOD and CAT enzyme gene expression level of Litopenaeus vannamei in the feed of example 4;
FIG. 11 shows the effect of adding different concentrations of the extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla on the expression level of proPO and GPx enzyme genes of Litopenaeus vannamei in the feed of example 4.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto; the raw materials used in the following examples are all commercial products unless specified otherwise, and the vitamin premix and the mineral premix are preferably but not limited to those purchased from Hainan Zhenggao over the biological providing technology development Co.
Example 1
In order to explore the influence of adding the extract of the stem and leaf of the alpinia oxyphylla on the growth performance of the litopenaeus vannamei, 6 gradients are arranged in the basic feed, the adding concentration is 0 (corresponding to tables 1-3 and CG in table 6), 0.01% (corresponding to tables 1-3 and AOM-1 in table 6), 0.02% (corresponding to tables 1-3 and AOM-2 in table 6), 0.03% (corresponding to tables 1-3 and AOM-3 in table 6), 0.05% (corresponding to tables 1-3 and AOM-4 in table 6) and 0.07% (corresponding to tables 1-3 and AOM-5 in table 6), and the cultivation test period is 8 weeks.
Wherein the extract of the stem and leaf of the alpinia oxyphylla is prepared by the following method: and (3) condensing and refluxing ethanol with the volume percentage of 95% under the condition of boiling ethanol liquid to obtain a recovery liquid, and filtering and drying the recovery liquid under reduced pressure to obtain the alpinia oxyphylla stem and leaf extract.
Table 1 composition and nutrient composition of feed Table (%)
TABLE 2 Effect of Alpinia oxyphylla stem and leaf extract on Litopenaeus vannamei growth Performance (%)
TABLE 3 influence of the extract of the stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla on the muscle components of Litopenaeus vannamei (%)
The results are shown in tables 1, 2 and 3, after the litopenaeus vannamei is fed by adding the litopenaeus vannamei extract for 8 weeks, the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the test prawns among different treatment groups have significant differences (P < 0.05), the trend of increasing before decreasing is shown, and the maximum value is reached when the addition amount of the litopenaeus vannamei extract is 0.02%.
The feed efficiency (feed efficiency = body wet weight gain (g)/dry feed weight of feed intake (g)) was significantly different after the end of the 8 week cultivation experiment and significantly higher than that of the 0 addition group (P < 0.05) when the addition amount was 0.01-0.02%.
Meanwhile, the content of crude muscle fat of the litopenaeus vannamei can be obviously reduced and the content of crude muscle protein of the litopenaeus vannamei can be obviously improved by adding 0.02% of the extract of the stem and leaf of the alpinia oxyphylla into the feed.
The results show that the growth performance of the litopenaeus vannamei can be improved by adding 0.01-0.07% of the nootropic stem and leaf extract into the feed.
Example 2
In order to explore the influence of the addition of the extract of the stem and leaf of the alpinia oxyphylla on the antioxidant enzyme activity of the litopenaeus vannamei. The extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla was added to the basic feed in a gradient of 6, and the concentrations of the added extract were 0, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.5% and 0.07% (as shown in Table 2 in example 1), and after 8 weeks of cultivation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant dismutase (T-AOC), glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT) and Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) were measured.
As shown in figures 1-7, the addition of the extract of the stem and leaf of the alpinia oxyphylla in the feed has an obvious effect of improving the activity of the antioxidant enzyme before ammonia nitrogen stress of the litopenaeus vannamei. The activity of SOD, CAT and T-AOC enzymes in the liver of Litopenaeus vannamei can be obviously improved when the addition amount is 0.01-0.02%, the contents of MDA and GPT in the liver and serum can be obviously reduced (p < 0.05), the activity of CAT enzymes in the liver and serum can be obviously improved when the addition amount is 0.03%, the content of MDA in the serum can be obviously reduced (p < 0.05) when the addition amount is 0.05%, and the activity of SOD and CAT enzymes in the serum can be obviously improved when the addition amount is 0.07%.
The results show that the addition of 0.01-0.07% of the nootropic stem and leaf extract in the feed can obviously improve the antioxidant capacity in the serum and liver of the litopenaeus vannamei and improve the immunity of the shrimp body.
Example 3
In order to explore the influence of the addition of the extract of the stem and leaf of the alpinia oxyphylla on the expression of genes related to the antioxidant enzyme of the litopenaeus vannamei. The extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla was added to the basic feed in a gradient of 6, and the added concentrations were 0, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.5% and 0.07% (as shown in Table 2 in example 1), and after 8 weeks of cultivation, the intestinal microbial compositions of each group of Litopenaeus vannamei were measured.
As shown in fig. 8 (data corresponding to table 4) and fig. 9 (data corresponding to table 5), the addition of the extract of stem and leaf of alpinia oxyphylla can improve the composition of intestinal flora and remarkably increase the diversity of intestinal microorganisms. Specifically, the addition of the extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla can increase the ratio of bacteroides, thick-walled bacteria and Fusarium on the phylum level, reduce the ratio of Proteus on the family level, and decrease the ratio of Vibrionaceae, and increase the ratio of Flavobacteriaceae, rhodobacilaceae, shewanella, etc.
Table 4 composition of Litopenaeus vannamei intestinal canal microorganism phylum level bacterial species by adding different concentrations of extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla to feed
Table 5 composition of Litopenaeus vannamei intestinal canal microbiology horizontal bacterial species by adding different concentrations of extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla to feed
As shown in table 6, in the analysis of intestinal flora diversity, ACE, chao1, shannon and simpson index values of each of the added groups are higher than those of the control group, and the simpson index values are significantly higher than those of the control group when the added amount is 0.02-0.07%, which indicates that the addition of the alpinia oxyphylla stem and leaf extract can reduce the proportion of harmful bacteria in the intestinal flora of litopenaeus vannamei and improve the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbial flora.
TABLE 6 influence of different concentrations of extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla on alpha diversity of intestinal microorganisms of Litopenaeus vannamei added to feed
Example 4
In order to explore the influence of the addition of the extract of the stem and leaf of the alpinia oxyphylla on the expression of genes related to the antioxidant enzyme of the litopenaeus vannamei. The extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla is added into basic feed, 6 gradients are set, the addition concentrations are respectively 0, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.5% and 0.07% (shown in the table 2 in the embodiment 1), and after 8 weeks of cultivation, CAT and Mn-SOD, proPO, GPx base mRNA expression in the liver is respectively measured.
The results are shown in figures 10-11, and the addition of the extract of the stem and leaf of alpinia oxyphylla to the feed has a certain up-regulating effect on the expression of the antioxidant enzyme genes of the Vaseline. When the addition amount is 0.01-0.05%, the expression amount of CAT and Mn-SOD genes is obviously higher than that of a control group (p < 0.05), the expression amount of proPO genes reaches the maximum at 0.03%, which is 2.98 times that of the control group, and the GPx genes are the maximum at 0.02%, which shows that after the feeding of the extract of the alpinia oxyphylla stem leaves, the antioxidant genes of the alpinia oxyphylla are up-regulated, and the antioxidant enzyme activity of the alpinia oxyphylla stem leaves can be improved by combining with the extract of the alpinia oxyphylla stem leaves in the enzyme activity index after the cultivation test, and both prove the improvement effect of the alpinia oxyphylla stem leaves extract on the antioxidant capacity of the alpinia oxyphylla.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The application of the extract of the stem and leaf of the alpinia oxyphylla as the only active ingredient in preparing the compound feed for the litopenaeus vannamei for improving the intestinal flora structure of the litopenaeus vannamei and improving the intestinal microbial diversity of the litopenaeus vannamei is characterized in that: the litopenaeus vannamei is a juvenile litopenaeus vannamei;
the litopenaeus vannamei compound feed is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
extract of stem and leaf of Alpinia oxyphylla: 0.02 to 0.03 percent;
fish meal: 27%;
bean pulp: 18%;
blood meal: 2%;
peanut bran: 12%;
shrimp shell powder: 3%;
high gluten flour: 18.5%;
fish oil: 3.5%;
phospholipid oil: 1.3%;
cholesterol: 0.2%;
cellulose: 2.27 to 2.28 percent;
choline chloride: 2.5%;
sodium chloride: 0.2%;
calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1.5%;
vitamin premix: 2%;
mineral premix: 5%;
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: 1%;
the sum of the raw materials is 100%;
the alpinia oxyphylla stem and leaf extract is prepared by the following method: and (3) condensing and refluxing ethanol with the volume percentage of 95% under the condition of boiling ethanol liquid to obtain a recovery liquid, and filtering and drying the recovery liquid under reduced pressure to obtain the alpinia oxyphylla stem and leaf extract.
2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the initial weight of the young litopenaeus vannamei is 2.07+/-0.02 g.
3. The use of the extract of stem and leaf of alpinia oxyphylla as claimed in claim 1 as the only active ingredient for preparing the compound feed of litopenaeus vannamei for improving the intestinal flora structure of litopenaeus vannamei and the intestinal microbial diversity of litopenaeus vannamei, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the litopenaeus vannamei compound feed comprises the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing the raw materials, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve;
(2) Taking fish meal, bean pulp, blood meal, peanut bran, high gluten flour and shrimp shell meal, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture a;
(3) Taking cellulose, choline chloride, vitamin premix, mineral premix, sodium chloride, monocalcium phosphate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, fully and uniformly mixing, and then adding the mixture into the mixture a in the step (2) and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture b;
(4) Adding fish oil, cholesterol and phospholipid oil into the mixture b in the step (3), and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture c;
(5) Diluting the stem and leaf extract of the alpinia oxyphylla with water, uniformly spraying the stem and leaf extract of the alpinia oxyphylla into the mixture c in the step (4) after uniformly mixing, preparing the mixture into pellet feed by adopting a double screw extruder, drying and refrigerating for standby, and obtaining the compound feed for the litopenaeus vannamei.
4. The use of the extract of stem and leaf of alpinia oxyphylla as defined in claim 3 as the only active ingredient for preparing the compound feed of litopenaeus vannamei for improving the intestinal flora structure of litopenaeus vannamei and the intestinal microbial diversity of litopenaeus vannamei, which is characterized in that: the water consumption in the step (5) is 30% of the total mass of the mixture c, the mixture is prepared into pellet feed with the particle size of 2mm by adopting an SLX-80 twin-screw extruder, and the pellet feed is placed in a shade for air drying and refrigerated for standby.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108077594A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-05-29 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | It is a kind of to be used to improve red claw crayfish mixed feed of immunity and preparation method thereof |
| CN112516269A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-03-19 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | Plant extract composition for resisting vibriosis and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112515054A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-19 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Low-protein feed for improving growth performance of litopenaeus vannamei and application thereof |
| CN113243460A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-13 | 海南大学 | Immunodeficiency mouse feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN113694158A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-11-26 | 海南医学院 | Application, extraction and determination method of raw sharpleaf galangal fruit and salt sharpleaf galangal fruit extracts |
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| CN108077594A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-05-29 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | It is a kind of to be used to improve red claw crayfish mixed feed of immunity and preparation method thereof |
| CN112515054A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-19 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Low-protein feed for improving growth performance of litopenaeus vannamei and application thereof |
| CN112516269A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-03-19 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | Plant extract composition for resisting vibriosis and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113243460A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-13 | 海南大学 | Immunodeficiency mouse feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN113694158A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-11-26 | 海南医学院 | Application, extraction and determination method of raw sharpleaf galangal fruit and salt sharpleaf galangal fruit extracts |
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