LU502243B1

LU502243B1 - Feed for improving growth and fat utilization of micropterus salmoides and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: LU502243B1
Application number: LU502243A
Authority: LU
Inventors: Shuyan Chi; Ziye Lu; Xiaoming Che; Qihui Yang; Beiping Tan; Guiping Zhao
Original assignee: Univ Guangdong Ocean
Priority date: 2022-06-10
Filing date: 2022-06-10
Publication date: 2022-12-12

Abstract

The present disclosure a feed for improving growth and fat utilization of Micropterus salmoides and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of aquatic feeds. In the feed of the present disclosure, the addition amount of fish oil is reduced and meanwhile a small amount of lysophospholipid is added, such that chyme is more uniform, absorption is improved, thereby achieving the purpose of promoting transfer and absorption of fat. The use of the feed provided by the present disclosure reduces the cost of the feed, ensures a growth performance of fish bodies and can still meet an energy requirement without damaging health of Micropterus salmoides so that the Micropterus salmoides in experimental groups has a higher growth performance than that in control group, and is capable of improving the ability of digesting, absorbing and utilizing feed fat.

Description

Description 10502263

FEED FOR IMPROVING GROWTH AND FAT UTILIZATION OF MICROPTERUS

SALMOIDES AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF Technical Neid The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of aquatic feeds, and specifically relates to a feed for improving growth and fat utilization of Micropterus salmoides and a preparation method thereof.

Background In recent years, the aquaculture industry develops rapidly. Aquatic products can provide high-quality protein and unsaturated fatty acid, have become an important food component for the masses and have a growing demand. Micropterus salmoides, also called largemouth bass, belongs to the order Perciformes, the family Centrarchidae, the genus Micropterus. Originated from freshwater rivers and large lakes of Americas, the Micropterus salmoides is a famous carnivorous fish. It grows rapidly, has tender meat and beautiful body, is free of fishbone between muscles, has delicious meat, strong disease resistance and wide thermal adaptability, and is often called “Cichlasoma managuense”. The Micropterus salmoides is originally produced in North America. It is introduced from abroad in Taiwan province in the late seventies of the twentieth century, successfully bred in 1983, introduced to Guangdong province in the same year and has become one of important domestic cultured varieties in freshwater after culture develops for many years. In recent years, an annual output of the Micropterus salmoides is kept more than 100,000 tons in China and increased year by year. During the culture, hepatobiliary pathological changes, anorexia and the like of different degrees often show, thus a growth performance is reduced. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop a compound feed capable of promoting Micropterus salmoides to effectively utilize nutrient substances of the feed and improving growth and metabolism of the Micropterus salmoides. The feed reduces a culture cost and a risk, further improves yield and quality of Micropterus salmoides, promotes a healthy development of the culture industry of the Micropterus salmoides, and improves economic benefits.

As a carnivorous freshwater cultured variety, the Micropterus salmoides has a high demand on a feed protein, and is almost free of cellulase in the digestive tract, has a relatively low amylase activity and little secretion of insulin, and thus has a relatively low utilization rate of carbohydrates. Although fish meal and fish oil are used as optimal orotein 2+ and oil sources for fish, but they have a short supply and a high price. Therefore, fat becomes an important and economic energy source. Proper fat added into the feed can promote fish growth and save proteins. However, a high level of fat also causes disorders in the metabolic system and damages to body tissues and organs, inhibits resynthesis of fatty acids in the body, and thus affects development and immune response of fish. For Embodiment, liver is a major organ of fat metabolism, but excessive fat accumulation can lead to fatty liver.

Summary For this purpose, the present disclosure aims to provide a feed for improving growth and fat utilization of Micropterus salmoides. The use of the feed of the present disclosure can reduce the cost of a compound feed for the Micropterus salmoides, improve the growth performance and the fat utilization of the Micropterus salmoides and meet an energy demand without harming the health of the Micropterus salmoides, and is capable of increasing the ability for digesting and utilizing fat.

In order to realize the objective of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides the following technical solutions: The present disclosure provides a feed for improving growth and fat utilization of Micropterus salmoides, the feed comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-79 parts of protein source raw materials, 3-5 parts of fish oil, 9-11 parts of carbohydrate raw materials, 0.8-1.2 parts of vitamin premix, 2-3.5 parts of mineral premix, 0.05-0.15 part of lysophospholipid and 1.5-2.5 parts of seaweed meal.

Preferably, the protein source raw materials comprise soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, super imported steam fish meal, domestic fully defatted fish meal, imported chicken meal, plasma protein powder and vital wheat gluten.

Preferably, a mass ratio of the soybean meal to the fermented soybean meal to the super imported steam fish meal to the domestic fully defatted fish meal to the imported chicken meal to the plasma protein powder to the vital wheat gluten is (5-7):(3-4):(13-15):(20-22):(5-7):(1-2):(1-1.5).

Preferably, the carbohydrate raw materials comprise cassava starch and high-gluten flour.

Preferably, a mass ratio of the cassava starch to the high-gluten flour is (4-5)-(6-7).

Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a preparation method of the feldef2243 comprising the following steps: (1) crushing protein source raw materials and mixing crushed protein source raw materials to a protein material; (2) mixing a vitamin premix, a mineral premix, carbohydrate raw materials and lysophospholipid to obtain an auxiliary material, (3) mixing the protein material with the auxiliary material, and mixing the obtained mixture with the fish oil to obtain a semi-finished product; and (4) adding water to the semi-finished product, puffing and granulating, and air-drying to obtain the feed.

Preferably, the crushing in step (1) comprises passing through a 60-mesh sieve after crushing.

Preferably, the mixing in step (1) and step (2) is conducted by a V-type vertical mixer.

Preferably, the mixing in step (1) is conducted by the V-type vertical mixer for 5 min; and the mixing in step (2) may be conducted by the V-type vertical mixer for 7 min.

Preferably, the air-drying in step (4) is conducted in an environment of 25°C until a moisture content is 7-10%.

Beneficial effects The present disclosure provides a feed for improving growth and fat utilization of Micropterus salmoides. In raw materials of the feed, imported chicken meal, soybean meal and fermented soybean meal are used to replace a part of fish meal, such that the use amount of the fish meal is reduced, a feed cost is reduced, but a growth performance of the Micropterus salmoides cannot be reduced. Lysophospholipid is added into the feed instead of common soybean lecithin, fat emulsification is promoted, absorption and utilization by fish are facilitated, and an incidence rate of fatty liver is reduced. Besides, the lysophospholipid has a certain inhibition ability on bacterial growth and improves immunity of fish to a certain extent. Seaweed meal is used to replace a part of high-gluten flour and does not increase the content of carbohydrates while effectively increases cohesiveness of the feed. Besides, the seaweed meal is rich in seaweed polysaccharide, mannitol, vitamins, and trace elements such as potassium, iron and phosphorus, thus guarantees health of the Micropterus salmoides to a certain extent and improves health of the liver. Imported fish meal is compounded other protein raw materials (imported chicken meal, bean meal, fermented bean meal and domestic fish meal), thus fish meal resources are saved and a feed cost is reduced. The addition amount of fish oil in the feed is reduced and the cost is reduced. A small amount of lysophospholipid is added in the feed to form smaller chylomicrons, such that chyme is more uniform, absorption is improved, and a purpose of promoting transfer and absorption of fat is achieved. Since the lysophospholipid hhs582248 special structure, the lysophospholipid has an excellent emulsion stability in environments of high temperature, low temperature, high ion concentration and different pH values, and thus the quality of the feed is ensured. In the Embodiment of the present disclosure, the provided feed has a same effect as a control group, reduces a cost and ensures a growth performance of fish bodies.

Brief Description OF The Figures FIG. 1 is a hematoxylin and sosin (HE) staining image of liver.

Description of the present invention The present disclosure provides a feed for improving growth and fat utilization of Micropterus salmoides. The feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-79 parts of protein source raw materials, 3-5 parts of fish oil, 9-11 parts of carbohydrate raw materials, 0.8-1.2 parts of vitamin premix, 2-3.5 parts of mineral premix, 0.05-0.15 part of lysophospholipid and 1.5-2.5 parts of seaweed meal.

The protein source raw materials of the present disclosure preferably comprise soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, super imported steam fish meal, domestic fully defatted fish meal, imported chicken meal, plasma protein powder and vital wheat gluten. A ratio mass of the soybean meal to the fermented soybean meal to the super imported steam fish meal to the domestic fully defatted fish meal to the imported chicken meal to the plasma protein powder to the vital wheat gluten is (5-7)-(3-4):(13-15):(20-22):(5-7)-(1-2)-(1-1.5). In the present disclosure, the imported chicken meal, the soybean meal and the fermented soybean meal are used to replace a part of fish meal, such that the use amount of the fish meal is reduced, the cost of the feed is reduced, but the growth performance of the Micropterus salmoides cannot be reduced.

In the present disclosure, based on a total mass of the feed, the fish oil preferably accounts for 3-4.5% and the lysophospholipid preferably accounts for 0.05-0.15%.

In the present disclosure, the sources of the vitamin premix and the mineral premix are not particularly limited. A premix special for Micropterus salmoides is preferred. In embodiments of the present disclosure, the premix special for Micropterus salmoides (ZJL) is preferably purchased from Guangdong Yuehai Feeds Group.

In the present disclosure, the carbohydrate raw materials preferably comprise cassava starch and high-gluten flour, and a mass ratio of the cassava starch to the high-gluten flour is preferably (4-5):(6-7).

In the feed of the present disclosure, the seaweed meal is used to replace a part of the high-gluten flour, which does not increase the content of carbohydrates while effectively increasing the cohesiveness of the feed. Besides, the seaweed meal is rich in seawéB@2243 polysaccharide, mannitol, vitamins, and trace elements such as potassium, iron and phosphorus, and thus guarantees the health of the Micropterus salmoides to a certain extent.

Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a preparation method of the feed, comprising the following steps: (1) crushing protein source raw materials and mixing crushed protein source raw materials to a protein material; (2) mixing a vitamin premix, a mineral premix, carbohydrate raw materials and lysophospholipid to obtain an auxiliary material, (3) mixing the protein material with the auxiliary material, and mixing the obtained mixture with fish oil to obtain a semi-finished product; and (4) adding water to the semi-finished product, puffing and granulating, and air-drying to obtain the feed.

In the present disclosure, each protein source raw material is crushed and mixed to obtain the protein material. Preferably, the crushing comprises passing through a 60-mesh sieve after crushing. Preferably, the mixing is conducted by a V-type vertical mixer preferably for 5 min.

In the present disclosure, the vitamin premix, the mineral premix, the carbohydrate raw materials and the lysophospholipid are mixed to obtain the auxiliary material. Preferably, the mixing is conducted by the V-type vertical mixer preferably for 7 min.

In the present disclosure, the protein material and the auxiliary material are mixed, and the obtained mixture is mixed with the fish oil to obtain the semi-finished product. Preferably, the mixing is conducted by the V-type vertical mixer.

In the present disclosure, the semi-finished product was puffed after adding water and then granulated, and subquently subjected to air drying to obtain the feed. The amount of water used in the present disclosure is preferably 20-40%. The present disclosure has no special limitation on the puffing and granulating method, and a conventional puffing and granulating method in the art can be used. In the present disclosure, the air drying is conducted after the puffing and the granulating. Preferably, the air drying is conducted in an environment of 25°C until a moisture content is less than or equal to 10%.

The feed for improving growth and fat utilization of Micropterus salmoides and the preparation method thereof provided by the present disclosure will be described in detail below in combination with Embodiments, but cannot be understood as limiting the protective scope of the present disclosure.

Embodiment 1

A feed was manufactured and processed according to the following steps: LU502243

1. 10% of soybean meal, 5% of fermented soybean meal, 20% of super imported steam fish meal, 30% of domestic fully defatted fish meal, 10% of imported chicken meal, 2% of plasma protein powder and 1.5% of vital wheat gluten were crushed, and the crushed materials passed through a 60-mesh sieve.

2. Each raw material component was weighed according to the proportion and the weighed materials were fully and evenly mixed by a V-type vertical mixer for about 5 min.

3. 1% of vitamin premix, 3% of mineral premix, 4% of cassava starch, 0.05% of lysophospholipid and 6% of high-gluten flour were fully and evenly mixed for about 7 min.

4. The mixed material in step 2 was mixed with the mixed material in step 3, and then 4% of fish oil was added.

5. 30% of water was added for continuous mixing.

6. The evenly mixed material in step 5 was puffed and granulated, the granulated material was put in an air-conditioned room (25°C) until being air-dried naturally, the air-dried material was put in a bag to be sealed, and then the sealed material was stored in a refrigerator at 4°C.

Embodiment 2 A feed was manufactured and processed according to the following steps:

3. 1% of vitamin premix, 3% of mineral premix, 4% of cassava starch, 0.1% of lysophospholipid and 6% of high-gluten flour were fully and evenly mixed for about 7 min.

5. 30% of water was added for continuous mixing.

Embodiment 3 A feed was manufactured and processed according to the following steps:

1. 10% of soybean meal, 5% of fermented soybean meal, 20% of super impdrt&@2243 steam fish meal, 30% of domestic fully defatted fish meal, 10% of imported chicken meal, 2% of plasma protein powder and 1.5% of vital wheat gluten were crushed, and the crushed materials passed through a 60-mesh sieve.

3. 1% of vitamin premix, 3% of mineral premix, 4% of cassava starch, 0.15% of lysophospholipid and 6% of high-gluten flour were fully and evenly mixed for about 7 min.

5. 30% of water was added for continuous mixing.

6. The evenly mixed material in step 5 was extruded and granulated, the granulated material was put in an air-conditioned room (25°C) until being air-dried naturally, the air-dried material was put in a bag to be sealed, and then the sealed material was stored in a refrigerator at 4°C.

Embodiment 4 A feed was manufactured and processed according to the following steps:

3. 1% of vitamin premix, 3% of mineral premix, 4% of cassava starch, 0.2% of lysophospholipid and 6% of high-gluten flour were fully and evenly mixed for about 7 min.

4. The mixed material in step 2 was mixed with the mixed material in step 3, and then fish oil was added.

5. 30% of water was added for continuous mixing.

6. The evenly mixed material in step 5 was puffed and granulated, the granulated material was put in an air-conditioned room (25°C) until being air-dried naturally, the air-dried material was put in a bag to be sealed, and then the sealed materials was stored in a refrigerator at 4°C.

In the present disclosure, 10% of soybean meal, 5% of fermented soybean meal, 20% of super imported steam fish meal, 30% of domestic fully defatted fish meal, 10% of imported chicken meal, 2% of plasma protein powder, 1.5% of vital wheat gluten, 1% of vitamin premix, 3% of mineral premix, 4% of cassava starch, 0% of lysophospholipid, 6b4/2§2243 high-gluten flour and 5% of fish oil were used in a control Embodiment. The feeds in Embodiments 1-4 were used in experimental groups separately. The feeds in Embodiments 1-4 and control Embodiment were compared.

1. The cost and the nutrient composition of each feed are seen in Table 1 and Table 2. The cost and the nutrient composition are almost the same in experimental groups and control group. Table 1 Cost analysis of feed formula for Micropterus salmoides Table 2 Nutrient compositions of feed Nutrient Control group Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3 Embodiment 4 compositions Water 7.19 8.10 8.52 8.67 8.22 Crude fat 11.32 10.38 10.33 10.29 10.41 Crude ash 13.55 12.90 12.98 13.81 13.51 Crude protein 50.2 50.3 50.3 50.3 50.3

2. During the period of cultivation, Micropterus salmoides was fully fed with different feeds, but other breeding conditions were the same. After breeding for 66 days, body length, weight, internal organs and biochemical indicators of the Micropterus salmoides were tested. Results are seen in Tables 3-5. Table 3 Growth performance of Micropterus salmoides Average initial 6.04+0.00 6.04+0.01 6.04+0.01 6.04+0.01 6.03+0.01 weight/g Average final 41.48+0.93° 37.15+1.96° 46.88+1.09° 40.01+2.42° 40.63+0.47° weight/g Specific growth 2.9210.28% 2.75+0.14° 3.10£0.12° 2.77+0.18° 2.87+0.05° rate/(%/d)

Note: No superscript letter or the same superscript letter of data in the sameléwW2243 indicates no significant difference (P>0.05) and different superscript letters indicate a significant difference (P<0.05).

As can be seen from Table 3, the specific growth rate and the weight gain rate of Embodiment 2 (adding 0.1% of lysophospholipid) are the highest, which are significantly higher than those of control group and other experimental groups (P<0.05).

Table 4 Condition factor, liver/body weight ratio and viscera/body weight ratio of Micropterus salmoides Condition 1.82+0.08° 1.7940.09° 1.99+0.11° 1.87£0.04%° 1.83£0.04%° = 1e ee Liver/body weight 2.98+0.19 2.89+0.22 3.07+0.25 3.03+0.11 2.83+0.25 mm 1 Viscera/body 7.26+0.32 7.38+0.65 7.08+0.45 7.21+0.45 7.31+0.37 Fa Note: No superscript letter or the same superscript letter of data in thesame row indicates no significant difference (P>0.05) and different superscript letters indicate a significant difference (P<0.05).

As can be seen from Table 4, the condition factor of Embodiment 2 (adding 0.1% of lysophospholipid) is the highest, which is significantly higher than that of control group and other experimental groups (P<0.05). There is no significant difference in the condition factor between other experimental groups (adding lysophospholipid) and control group, indicating that the lysophospholipid can well maintain the body shape of Micropterus salmoides. There is no significant difference in the liver/body weight ratio and the viscera/body weight ratio among the groups.

Table 5 Biochemical compositions of whole body, liver and muscle of Micropterus salmoides

Whole body Water 71.96+0.34 73.24+0.21 72.09+0.85 72.86+0.53 69.96+2.25 Fat 21.54+0.29° 19.29+0.54° 19.36+0.69° 20.35+0.718 20.35+0.20° Liver Water 73.07+0.54 71.55+0.33 72.07+1.71 73.3+1.33 74.55+0.41 Fat 8.31£0.72° 7.04£0.44%° 7.48£0.25%° 7.19£0.35%° 6.59+0.23° Muscle Water 78.13+1.99 78.39+0.34 77.97+0.11 77.99+0.26 78.33+0.29 Fat 3.19+0.18° 2.660.098 2.58+0.21° 2.7210.08% 3.00£0.15%° Note: No superscript letter or the same superscript letter of data in the same row indicates no significant difference (P>0.05) and different superscript letters indicate a significant difference (P<0.05).

As can be seen from Table 5, the fat contents of the whole body, the liver and the muscle of each experimental group (adding lysophospholipid) in the feed are significantly lower than those of control group. The fat content of the whole body in Embodiment 1 (adding 0.05% of lysophospholipid) is less than those in other three experimental groups, but there is no significant difference among experimental groups (P>0.05). The fat content of the liver in Embodiment 4 (adding 0.2% of lysophospholipid) is the least, but there is no significant difference among experimental groups (P>0.05). The fat content of the muscle in Embodiment 2 (adding 0.1% of lysophospholipid) is the least, but there is no significant difference among experimental groups (all P>0.05).

3. After the cultivation was ended, HE staining was respectively performed on the livers of the Micropterus salmoides in experimental groups and control group. The results are as shown in FIG. 1. The Micropterus salmoides in control group (not adding lysophospholipid), Embodiment 2 (adding 0.1% of lysophospholipid) and Embodiment 3 have intact hepatocytes and clearly visible cell membranes and nuclei. The Micropterus salmoides in Embodiment 1 (adding 0.05% of lysophospholipid) and Embodiment 4 (adding

0.2% of lysophospholipid) have relatively large hepatocytes and nuclei are squeezed to one side.

It can be seen from the above results that the feed of the present disclosure can reduce the cost. When the fish oil content of experimental groups is less than that of control group, the feed can still meet an energy requirement damaging health of Micropterus salmoides by adding an appropriate amount of lysophospholipid so that the growth performance of the Micropterus salmoides in experimental groups is higher than tnkt#982248 control group, and is capable of improving the ability of digesting utilizing feed fat.

The above descriptions are merely preferred implementations of the present disclosure. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art can further make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present disclosure, but these improvements and modifications should be deemed as falling within the protective scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

Claims 1502243

1. A feed for improving growth and fat utilization of Micropterus salmoides, the feed comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-79 parts of protein source raw materials, 3-5 parts of fish oil, 9-11 parts of carbohydrate raw materials, 0.8-1.2 parts of a vitamin premix, 2-3.5 parts of mineral premix, 0.05-0.15 part of lysophospholipid and 1.5-2.5 parts of seaweed meal.

2. The feed, according to claim 1, wherein the protein source raw materials comprise soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, super imported steam fish meal, domestic fully defatted fish meal, imported chicken meal, plasma protein powder and vital wheat gluten.

3. The feed according to claim 2, wherein a mass ratio of the soybean meal to the fermented soybean meal to the super imported steam fish meal to the domestic fully defatted fish meal to the imported chicken meal to the plasma protein powder to the vital wheat gluten is (5-7):(3-4):(13-15):(20-22):(5-7):(1-2):(1-1.5).

4. The feed according to claim 1, wherein the carbohydrate raw materials comprise cassava starch and high-gluten flour.

5. The feed according to claim 4, wherein a mass ratio of the cassava starch to the high-gluten flour is (4-5)-(6-7).

6. A preparation method of the feed according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising the following steps: (1) crushing protein source raw materials and mixing crushed protein source raw materials to a protein material, (2) mixing a vitamin premix, a mineral premix, carbohydrate raw materials and a lysophospholipid to obtain an auxiliary material, (3) mixing the protein material with the auxiliary material, and mixing the obtained mixture with fish oil to obtain a semi-finished product; and (4) adding water to the semi-finished product, puffing and granulating, and air-drying to obtain the feed.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the crushing in step (1) comprises passing through a 60-mesh sieve after crushing.

. . . . CL LUS02243

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the mixing in step (1) and step (2) is conducted by a V-type vertical mixer.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein the mixing in step (1) is conducted by the V-type vertical mixer for 5 min; and the mixing in step (2) is conducted by the V-type vertical mixer for 7 min.

10. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the air-drying in step (4) is conducted in an environment of 25°C until a moisture content is 7-10%.