CN114503808A - Regulation and control method for promoting germination of direct-seeded early rice seeds under low-temperature stress - Google Patents
Regulation and control method for promoting germination of direct-seeded early rice seeds under low-temperature stress Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly discloses a regulation and control method for promoting germination of direct-seeded early rice seeds under low-temperature stress, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting varieties; (2) initiating treatment; (3) drying treatment; (4) and (6) sowing. According to the invention, the low-temperature-resistant rice variety is selected, and the growth regulator with a proper concentration is screened to initiate the rice seed, so that the rice seed germination can be promoted, wherein compared with a single regulator, the compounded growth regulator can enhance the seed activity in a low-temperature stress environment, and improve the stress resistance of the rice seed, so that the germination rate and the emergence rate of the rice seed under the low-temperature stress are improved. Experiments showed that the germination rate of the seeds treated by the GA3+ SA co-priming treatment is 94%. The method is particularly suitable for being used before direct seeding of the rice in spring, and is favorable for popularization and application of the direct seeding of the rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a regulation and control method for promoting germination of direct-seeded early rice seeds under low-temperature stress.
Background
Rice is the most important food crop in China, and is planted by precedents in Yangtze river basin in China as early as seven thousand years ago. However, the economic benefit of rice is low, and the sowing area of rice is continuously reduced. At present, the planting area of domestic rice is 2.45 hundred million mu of conventional rice, and the planting area of hybrid rice is 2 hundred million mu of hybrid rice. The rice planting mode includes a seedling transplanting planting mode and a direct seeding planting mode, wherein the seedling transplanting mode is widely adopted due to high emergence rate and guaranteed yield. However, the seedling and transplanting of rice has the defect of high cost, wherein the production cost of the seedling and transplanting link accounts for more than 30% of the total cost of rice production. In recent years, agricultural researchers have also focused on the research of mechanized direct seeding of rice in order to reduce the production cost of rice and improve the economic benefit of rice planting. The mechanized direct seeding of the rice saves the links of seedling raising, seedling conveying and seedling transplanting, and the cost is greatly reduced. In recent years, with the increase of workers in rural areas, the 'work shortage' often appears in busy farming seasons, so that the mechanized direct seeding of rice is paid more and more attention and more people.
In 2020, China has come out relevant policies to encourage the recovery of double cropping rice in conditional areas and strengthen the production of double cropping rice. Guangxi has abundant and sufficient warm light resources, and is particularly suitable for double cropping rice planting. The research work of the group for direct seeding rice starts in 2015, and through repeated tests and multiple improvements for 6 years, a furrow making precision direct seeding machine is successfully developed, can complete ditching, furrow making, leveling and seeding at one time, integrates multiple functions, has strong universality and is identified by agricultural machinery at present; meanwhile, a matched cultivation technology suitable for a precision direct seeding machine is explored. At present, the main problems encountered in mechanized direct seeding of rice are: in the direct seeding of early rice, the low temperature caused by late spring coldness and poor exposure to overcast and rainy weather causes low germination rate of the direct seeding rice, and the direct seeding rice is difficult to realize the one-time whole seedling sowing and directly influences the yield stability of the rice. The problem can be solved by breeding a low-temperature-resistant variety suitable for direct seeding, but the breeding period and the time efficiency are long, and the rapid utilization is difficult. If the seeding time is adjusted and the 'late spring cold' is staggered, the planting of the rice in the next season can be influenced, and the final yield of the rice is influenced. The simplest and most effective solution at present is to increase the rate of emergence by means of growth regulators. The application explores the species and the concentration of the optimal growth regulator capable of promoting seed germination under the low-temperature condition, provides a related technology for the direct seeding production of early rice, and has important significance for promoting the mechanized direct seeding of rice.
The above background disclosure is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention, and does not necessarily belong to the prior art of the present patent application, and should not be used for evaluating the novelty and inventive step of the present application in the case that there is no clear evidence that the above content is disclosed at the filing date of the present patent application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a regulation and control method for promoting germination of direct-seeding early rice seeds under low-temperature stress, so that the defects that the conventional direct-seeding rice seeds are easily influenced by the low-temperature stress and have low germination rate are overcome.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a regulation and control method for promoting germination of direct-seeded early rice seeds under low-temperature stress, which comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting low temperature resistant rice variety.
(2) Initiating treatment: the method comprises the steps of selecting plump rice seeds, soaking the seeds in a growth regulator, and initiating the seeds for 12 to 24 hours at the temperature of between 20 and 25 ℃ in the dark, wherein the growth regulator is gibberellin and salicylic acid. The gibberellin and the salicylic acid are compounded, and the promotion effect is obviously improved compared with that of a single growth regulator.
(3) And (3) drying treatment: after the initiation was completed, the rice seeds were packed in a net bag, washed with tap water, then drained, and dried at a constant temperature of 25 ℃.
(4) Sowing: and initiating the dried rice seeds, and sowing the seeds into the paddy field in a direct sowing mode.
The method selects the low-temperature-resistant rice variety, screens the growth regulator with proper concentration to initiate the rice seeds, can promote the rice seeds to germinate, and simultaneously adopts low-temperature treatment to improve the stress resistance of the rice seeds and the germination rate and emergence rate of the rice seeds, thereby being beneficial to the popularization and application of direct-seeding rice.
In a further preferable scheme of the invention, in the step (1), the low-temperature resistant variety is at least one of Huanghuazhan, Guiyefeng, Yuejingmiao, Guiyu No. 11 and Guiyu No. 9. Preferably, the low temperature resistant variety is Huazhan. Tests show that Huanghuazhan is more sensitive to low-temperature conditions than low-temperature resistant varieties such as Guiyefeng, Yueyingsi seedlings, Guiyu No. 11 and Guiyu No. 9.
According to a further preferable scheme of the invention, in the step (2), the rice seeds are firstly sterilized by 1% of strong chlorine for 15-20 min; then washing with water, and soaking in growth regulator.
In a still further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the growth regulator is 5mg/L of gibberellin and 10mg/L of salicylic acid. The initiation effect was best at these two concentrations.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the ratio of the mass of the rice seed to the volume of the growth regulator is 1:4-6 (w/v). Preferably, the ratio of the mass of the rice seed to the volume of the growth regulator is 1: 5 (w/v).
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the rice seeds are initiated in the dark at 25 ℃ for 24 hours. Although the high temperature is beneficial to seed germination, if the temperature is greatly different from the low-temperature environment of the nature, the germination and growth of the seeds after germination acceleration in a field are not facilitated.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (3), the time for flushing with tap water is 3 min; the drying operation is as follows: drying in a constant temperature drying oven at 25 deg.C for 48 h. Of course, other existing equipment may be used to sugar cane rice seeds.
In a further preferable scheme of the invention, the rice seeds are directly sown or put into a self-sealing bag after being dried and stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use. The low-temperature preservation can improve the stress resistance of the rice seeds and improve the germination rate and emergence rate of the rice seeds under low-temperature stress.
According to a further preferable scheme of the invention, in the step (4), a furrow making precision direct seeding machine is adopted to sow rice seeds, and ditching, ridging, peaceful sowing are completed at one time.
The furrow making precision direct sowing machine comprises a rack, wherein a rotary tillage device, a ditching and ridging device and a sowing device are arranged on the rack, the ditching and ridging device comprises a soil blocking plate and a ditching plate, the soil blocking plate is respectively arranged on two sides of the rotary tillage device, and the ditching plate is arranged on the inner side of the soil blocking plate and two sides behind the rotary tillage device; the rear part of the rotary tillage device is also provided with a flying soil covering device, the flying soil covering device comprises a flying soil blocking plate and a soil scraping plate which are arranged up and down, the upper end of the flying soil blocking plate is fixed on the upper part of the rear end of the rotary tillage device, the middle part of the flying soil blocking plate extends to one end far away from the rotary tillage device, the lower part of the flying soil blocking plate is bent downwards, the two ends of the soil scraping plate are respectively connected with the ditching plate of the ditching and ridging device, and the bottom of the soil scraping plate is higher than the bottom of the soil blocking plate of the ditching and ridging device; the seeding device is characterized in that a seeding pipe penetrates through the flying soil barrier plate, and the lower end of the seeding pipe is fixed behind the soil scraping plate at intervals. This seeder is through improving the flying soil covering device, rationally sets up position and the shape of scraper blade, flying soil barrier plate, seed guide to utilize the flying soil of rotary cultivator take out to cover the seed, removed traditional earthing device that drives from, make machines simple structure, cover the seed through flying soil, also more be favorable to the rice seed to sprout in the field, emerge, further improve the rate of emergence of direct seeding rice.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the low-temperature-resistant rice variety is selected, and the growth regulator with a proper concentration is screened to initiate the rice seed, so that the rice seed germination can be promoted, wherein compared with a single regulator, the compounded growth regulator can enhance the seed activity in a low-temperature stress environment, and improve the stress resistance of the rice seed, so that the germination rate and the emergence rate of the rice seed under the low-temperature stress are improved.
2. According to the invention, different seed treatment methods are adopted to screen the optimal initiator, and experiments show that the germination rates of the seeds subjected to GA3+ SA co-priming treatment reach 94% respectively. The method is particularly suitable for being used before direct seeding of the rice in spring, and is favorable for popularization and application of the direct seeding of the rice.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the growth of seedlings at optimum concentrations of different growth regulators in example 1.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
(1) The test varieties are: according to the early-stage test, the rice variety Huanghuazhan which is sensitive to the low-temperature condition is selected.
(2) Growth regulators: 8 regulators are selected: abscisic acid (ABA), Brassinolide (BR), paclobutrazol (MET), uniconazole (HET), Gibberellin (GA), Salicylic Acid (SA), PEG6000 (polyethylene glycol), CaCl 2. The control was distilled water seed soaking.
(3) Design of experiments
A: screening for optimal modulators: three different concentrations of each growth regulator were set for each test, depending on the specifics of each growth regulator. Selecting plump rice seeds, and sterilizing with 1% strong chlorine (NaClO) for 15-20 min. And (4) after the seeds are washed clean by sterile water, soaking the seeds for 24 hours by adopting growth regulators with different concentrations. The rice seeds soaked with the growth regulator are washed by sterile water and then placed in a germination box for germination. 100 per box, 3 replicates per treatment set, and clear water as control. Placing the seeds in an artificial climate box for germination, wherein the conditions are as follows: 12 ℃ for 12h in darkness, 12 ℃ for 12h in light (12000lxs), sterile water was added in time during the test period as appropriate. The germination rate is counted every day until 12 days, the total germination rate and the germination index are calculated, and the optimal concentration result of various growth regulators is obtained through the result (table 1). And then regulating the temperature to 18 ℃ for 12h in the dark and 25 ℃ for 12h in the light to ensure that the seedlings grow for 3d by combining the weather change rule of the Guangxi early rice, and observing the growth condition of the seedlings (figure 1).
The concentrations of the various growth regulators were set as follows:
a. abscisic acid: 0.5 mg/L; ② 1 mg/L; ③ 5 mg/L; fourthly, 10mg/L, fifth, 100 mg/L.
b. Brassinolide: 0.05 mg/L; ② 0.1 mg/L; ③ 0.15 mg/L; 0.3 mg/L.
c. Uniconazole: firstly, 5 mg/L; ② 10 mg/L; ③ 20 mg/L; and fourthly, 50 mg/L.
d. Paclobutrazol: 50 mg/L; ② 100 mg/L; ③ 200 mg/L; fourthly, 300 mg/L; fifthly, 400 mg/L.
e. Gibberellin: firstly, 5 mg/L; ② 10 mg/L; ③ 50 mg/L; and fourthly, 100 mg/L.
f. Salicylic acid: firstly, 5 mg/L; ② 10 mg/L; ③ 50 mg/L; 100mg/L, 150 umol/L.
PEG6000 (polyethylene glycol), namely 15%; ② 20 percent and ③ 30 percent.
h.Cacl2：①、0.5％；②、1％；③、1.5％。
i: CK distilled water.
(4) Analysis of results
A: optimal concentration screening results: statistical germination percentage, the best concentration results of 8 growth regulators are shown in figure 1 and table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the optimal concentrations of the different growth regulators are: 0.5mg/L abscisic acid, 0.05mg/L brassinolide, 5mg/L uniconazole, 50mg/L paclobutrazol, 5mg/L gibberellin, 10mg/L salicylic acid, 15% PEG6000 and 0.5% CaCl 2.
Rice is highly sensitive to cold stress, especially during the germination phase. In the experiment, the seeds germinate under the condition of the critical temperature of seed germination of 12 ℃ for 12h darkness and 12 ℃ for 12h illumination (12000lxs), the germination rate can reach 40%, and compared with a control, the regulator with high germination rate and the concentration thereof are as follows: 4 concentrations of GA3 (phi, 5 mg/L; phi, 10 mg/L; phi, 50 mg/L; phi, 100mg/L), 2 concentrations of SA (phi, 5 mg/L; phi, 10 mg/L) and 15% PEG 6000.
Therefore, the treatment with the highest germination rate of each regulator, namely 5mg/L GA3, 10mg/L SA and 15% PEG6000, is selected to be used for the next seed priming treatment experiment.
TABLE 1 seed Germination Rate after treatment with different concentrations of Conditioning agent
Example 2
(1) Seed treatment
1) Test materials
A conventional rice variety Huanghuazhan is selected, and in the experiment of screening low-temperature-resistant varieties in the previous period, the rice varieties such as Huanghuazhan Guifeng, Guangdong Jingsi seedling, Guiyu No. 11 and Guiyu No. 9 are found to be sensitive to low-temperature environment. Seeds were provided by the rice institute of Guangdong academy of agricultural sciences.
2) Reagent selection
A. Reagents used for initiation treatment: gibberellin (GA3), SA (salicylic acid), PEG6000 (polyethylene glycol 6000). Purchased from the national pharmaceutical group chemical agents limited.
B. Reagents used for coating treatment: the Miao doctor seed coating agent is developed and produced by special agriculture limited company of great sea in Hunan.
3) Seed treatment method
A. Initiating treatment: carrying out combined introduction treatment by using 5mg/L GA3, 10mg/L SA and 15% PEG6000 as basic introduction solutions, then selecting healthy and plump seeds, completely immersing the seeds in the introduction solutions, wherein the volume ratio of the rice seeds to the introduction solutions is 1: 5(w/v), and introducing for 24h under the dark condition at 25 ℃. After the initiation is finished, the seeds are put into a mesh bag, washed by tap water for 3min, drained and placed in a constant-temperature drying box at 25 ℃ for drying for 48h, so that the total weight of the rice seeds is the same as that before the treatment, and the rice seeds can be used for subsequent experiments.
B. Coating treatment: the seed coating agent is firstly diluted by distilled water, and the ratio of the weight of the seed coating agent to the volume (w/v) of the distilled water is 1: 1. And mixing the dried seeds and the diluted seed coating agent in a round-bottom container until the coating agent is uniformly coated on the seeds, wherein the weight ratio of the seeds to the seed coating agent of the Miao doctor is 40: 1. After coating, the seeds were dried in a forced air oven at 25 ℃ to a water content of less than 10%. After drying, the product can be used for subsequent experiments.
C. Initiation + coating treatment: the method comprises the steps of initiating rice seeds, drying the initiated seeds, coating according to a coating method of a corresponding seed coating agent, drying in a constant-temperature drying box at 25 ℃ after coating, and enabling the water content of the seeds to be lower than 10%, so that the rice seeds can be used for subsequent experiments.
D. Comparison: water treatment
(2) Design of experiments
The test set up 16 treatments, respectively:
seed priming (7 treatments): GA3 priming (a1), SA priming (a2), PEG6000 priming (A3), GA3+ SA priming (a4), GA3+ PEG6000 priming (a5), SA + PEG6000 priming (a6), GA3+ SA + PEG6000 priming (a 7);
b coating (1 treatment): doctor-mullet coating (B1);
c coating + priming (7 treatments): (ii) doctor's sprout coating + GA3(C1), doctor's sprout coating + SA (C2), doctor's sprout coating + PEG6000(C3), doctor's sprout coating + GA3+ SA (C4), doctor's sprout coating + GA3+ PEG6000(C5), doctor's sprout coating + SA + PEG6000(C6), doctor's sprout coating + GA3+ SA + PEG6000 (C7);
d control (1 treatment): water treatment;
each treatment was set to 3 replicates. 100 healthy, full seeds were selected for each treatment, evenly sown in a seed germination box with two layers of filter paper laid flat, and 20ml of distilled water was added. Culturing in artificial climate incubator at 12 deg.C in dark for 12 hr, and at 15 deg.C in light for 12 hr, with light intensity of 12000 lxs. And counting the germination number every day, and counting the germination rate and the germination index at 12d to screen out the optimal seed priming treatment.
(3) Test results
Different seed treatment initiators are designed by using screened 5mg/L GA3, 10mg/L SA and 15% PEG6000 as basic regulators, and under the conditions of initiation and coating, the germination rate after initiation is higher than that of a control under low-temperature stress, wherein the germination rate of the seeds subjected to GA3+ SA initiation treatment reaches 94% respectively, and is 45.0% and 48.6% higher than that of the seeds subjected to GA3 and SA single initiation respectively by 51.67% and 48.33%. The more important findings are: in each group of treatments, the germination rate of the initiation treatment in which the GA3 participates is higher than that of the initiation treatment without the GA3, so that the GA3 can be shown to have a positive promoting effect on low-temperature germination of seeds to a certain extent, the SA with low concentration also has a promoting effect on the germination of the seeds, and the PEG6000 has a lower germination rate compared with the GA3 and the SA.
TABLE 1 statistics of seed germination percentage and germination index after different seed treatments under low temperature stress
In conclusion, the optimal initiator is screened out by adopting different seed treatment methods on the basis of the growth regulator which is screened out in the previous stage and can improve the germination rate of the rice seeds in a low-temperature environment. Gibberellin and other growth regulators are compounded to form an initiator, and the initiator is used for soaking rice seeds in a specific environment to initiate, so that the germination of the rice seeds can be promoted, and the stress resistance of the rice seeds can be improved and the germination rate and emergence rate of the rice seeds under low-temperature stress can be improved by matching with drying and low-temperature treatment. Among them, the germination rate of the seeds treated by the GA3+ SA co-priming treatment is up to 94%. The method is particularly suitable for being used before direct seeding of the rice in spring.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A regulation and control method for promoting germination of direct-seeded early rice seeds under low-temperature stress is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting varieties, namely selecting low-temperature-resistant rice varieties;
(2) initiating treatment: selecting plump rice seeds, soaking the seeds in a growth regulator, and initiating the seeds for 12 to 24 hours at the temperature of between 20 and 25 ℃ in the dark, wherein the growth regulator is gibberellin and salicylic acid;
(3) and (3) drying treatment: after the initiation is finished, filling the rice seeds into a mesh bag, washing the mesh bag by using tap water, draining water, and drying the mesh bag at a constant temperature of 25 ℃;
(4) sowing: and initiating the dried rice seeds, and sowing the seeds into the paddy field in a direct sowing mode.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the low temperature resistant variety is wampee.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the rice seeds are firstly sterilized by 1% strong chlorine for 15-20 min; then washing with water, and soaking in growth regulator.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the growth regulator is 5mg/L of gibberellin and 10mg/L of salicylic acid.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the ratio of the mass of the rice seed to the volume of the growth regulator is 1:4-6 (w/v).
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the rice seeds are initiated in the dark at 25 ℃ for 24 hours.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the time for flushing with tap water is 3 min; the drying operation is as follows: drying in a constant temperature drying oven at 25 deg.C for 48 h.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the rice seeds are directly sown after drying or packed in self-sealing bags and kept in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the rice seeds are sown by using a furrow making precision direct sowing machine, and ditching, ridging, flat sowing are completed in one time.
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| CN115316069A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-11 | 江西农业大学 | Application of validamycin A and method for promoting plant seed germination |
| CN116098030A (en) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-05-12 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Cultivation method for cold region direct seeding rice with low temperature stress resistance |
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| CN115316069A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-11 | 江西农业大学 | Application of validamycin A and method for promoting plant seed germination |
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| CN116098030A (en) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-05-12 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Cultivation method for cold region direct seeding rice with low temperature stress resistance |
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