CN114498029A - Broadband waveguide slot array antenna - Google Patents
Broadband waveguide slot array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114498029A CN114498029A CN202210093048.6A CN202210093048A CN114498029A CN 114498029 A CN114498029 A CN 114498029A CN 202210093048 A CN202210093048 A CN 202210093048A CN 114498029 A CN114498029 A CN 114498029A
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- waveguide
- metal plate
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- slot
- coupling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband waveguide slot array antenna, which comprises a first metal plate, a second metal plate, a third metal plate and a fourth metal plate which are sequentially stacked, wherein radiation ports are formed in the first metal plate and the second metal plate; the radiation port longitudinally penetrates through the first metal plate and the second metal plate and is in a wide-side symmetrical oblique seam structure; longitudinally slotting in the middle of the third metal plate to form a pair of radiation waveguides and a pair of coupling longitudinal seams which are communicated up and down; longitudinally slotting in the middle of the fourth metal plate to form a coupling waveguide and waveguide matching structure which are communicated up and down; the radiation port, the radiation waveguide, the coupling longitudinal seam, the coupling waveguide and the waveguide matching structure are sequentially communicated up and down to form a radiation channel. By the structure, coupling among the antennas can be reduced, isolation and antenna gain are improved, the bandwidth of the antennas is effectively widened, the influence of radiation gap processing errors and contact gaps among the metal plates on antenna radiation can be reduced, and the antenna is easy to process and install.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waveguide slot antennas, in particular to a broadband waveguide slot array antenna.
Background
The waveguide slot antenna is an antenna with a diameter, in which a slot is formed on the wall of a waveguide tube or a cavity resonator, and electromagnetic waves are radiated to the outer space through the slot. The low-side lobe radar has light weight and simple processing, is easy to realize low-side lobe, can meet the engineering requirement of high reliability, and is widely applied in the field of radars. At present, most waveguide slot antennas are realized by a mode of opening slots on a standard rectangular metal waveguide or a ridge metal waveguide.
In radar wireless communication, radar communication frequency is higher, channel capacity is larger, so that the working frequency of an antenna becomes higher, the bandwidth is widened, the size of the antenna becomes smaller, the structure is more complex, and the processing requirement on the antenna is higher. At present, the radiation slot of the slot antenna is mostly in a mode of opening the radiation slot by a thin single-layer waveguide tube, the requirement on the processing precision is higher, and when the processing error deviation is larger or the slot exists between the plates during installation, the characteristics of the antenna are greatly influenced. The reason is that the rectangular waveguide adopted by the radiation waveguide is a metal structure with four closed surfaces, and metal plates are fixed by screws during installation, so that a gap is inevitably formed between the plates, and the size of the gap can greatly influence the performance of the rectangular waveguide.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a waveguide slot antenna structure that reduces the influence of radiation slot processing errors and inter-metal plate contact slots on antenna performance.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a broadband waveguide slot array antenna, including a first metal plate, a second metal plate, a third metal plate and a fourth metal plate stacked in sequence, wherein a slot is longitudinally formed in the middle of the first metal plate and the second metal plate to form a radiation port longitudinally penetrating through the first metal plate and the second metal plate; longitudinally slotting in the middle of the third metal plate to form a pair of radiation waveguides and a pair of coupling longitudinal seams which are communicated up and down; longitudinally slotting the middle part of the fourth metal plate to form a coupling waveguide and a waveguide matching structure which are communicated up and down; the radiation port, the radiation waveguide, the coupling longitudinal seam, the coupling waveguide and the waveguide matching structure are sequentially communicated up and down to form a radiation channel; the length direction of the radiation waveguide is perpendicular to the length direction of the coupling waveguide.
Further, the radiation opening adopts broadside symmetrical oblique slot structure, includes: a broadside radiation longitudinal seam is formed by longitudinally slotting the middle part of the first metal plate; the first wide-edge inclined longitudinal seam and the second wide-edge inclined longitudinal seam are formed by longitudinally slotting the middle part of the second metal plate and are communicated up and down; the broadside radiation longitudinal seam comprises 2 x N slits distributed in an array, the first broadside oblique longitudinal seam and the second broadside oblique longitudinal seam both comprise 2 x N slits, the first broadside oblique longitudinal seam and the second broadside oblique longitudinal seam are correspondingly combined with the 2 x N slits of the broadside radiation longitudinal seam one by one to form 2 x N longitudinal radiation slits, and the centers of three layers of slits of the longitudinal radiation slits are on the same straight line; the centerline spacing between the two rows of slots is 1/2 λ, and the centerline spacing between the N slots of each row is 1/2 λ, where λ is the waveguide radiation wavelength.
Further, the length and width of the gap of the first broadside inclined longitudinal seam are slightly larger than those of the gaps of the broadside radiating longitudinal seam and the second broadside inclined longitudinal seam.
Furthermore, the radiation waveguide is a groove-gap ridge waveguide, metal ridges are formed on short sides of the two sides of the groove-gap ridge waveguide, and the height of each metal ridge is lower than the depth of the groove-gap ridge waveguide cavity.
Furthermore, a plurality of metal pins distributed in an array are formed on the outer side of the radiation waveguide on the upper surface of the third metal plate.
Furthermore, the coupling longitudinal seam is an inclined longitudinal seam, and a certain inclination angle is formed between the seam and the length direction of the radiation waveguide.
Furthermore, the coupling waveguide is a slot gap waveguide, the length direction of the slot gap waveguide is perpendicular to the length direction of the radiation waveguide, the width of the slot gap waveguide is matched with the coupling longitudinal slit, and the longitudinal projection of the coupling longitudinal slit is located in the coupling waveguide.
Furthermore, a plurality of metal pins distributed in an array are formed on the outer side of the coupling waveguide on the upper surface of the fourth metal plate.
Furthermore, the waveguide matching structure consists of three layers of rectangular waveguides, and the inner layer of the waveguide is communicated with the coupling waveguide; the waveguide matching structure is from outside to inside, and the three layers of rectangular waveguides are of a layer-by-layer reduction structure.
Furthermore, a first installation gap is arranged between the second metal plate and the third metal plate, a second installation gap is arranged between the third metal plate and the fourth metal plate, and the range of the first installation gap and the second installation gap is 0-0.05 mm.
The invention realizes the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the traditional waveguide radiation slot antenna, the antenna provided by the invention reduces the processing error of the radiation slot and the influence of the contact slot between the metal plates on the antenna radiation, is easy to process and install, and has good popularization value and application prospect;
(2) the radiation waveguide and the coupling waveguide adopt a slot gap waveguide structure, so that the coupling among the antennas can be reduced, and the isolation and the antenna gain are improved;
(3) the bandwidth of the antenna can be effectively widened by adopting a multilayer matching structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an expanded view of the structure of an embodiment of a broadband waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the antenna;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of the antenna;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the L1 layer of the antenna;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the L2 layer of the antenna;
FIG. 6 is a top view of the L3 layer of the antenna;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the L4 layer of the antenna;
FIG. 8 is an antenna radiation pattern of an antenna sample;
FIG. 9 is an antenna matching impedance plot for an antenna sample;
fig. 10 is a frequency-standing wave ratio diagram obtained by an antenna sample modeling simulation.
Wherein: l1 — first metal plate; l2 — second metal plate; l3-third metal sheet; l4-fourth metal sheet; 11-wide edge radiation longitudinal seam; 12-a first broadside inclined longitudinal seam; 13-second broadside inclined longitudinal joint; 2-a radiation waveguide; 21-a metal ridge; a 3-coupled waveguide; 4-coupling longitudinal seams; 5-waveguide matching structures; 61 — a first mounting gap; 62-a second mounting gap; 7-a first array of pins; 8-second array of pins.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the various embodiments, the invention provides the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate still other possible embodiments and advantages of the present invention with reference to these figures. Elements in the figures are not drawn to scale and like reference numerals are generally used to indicate like elements.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an embodiment of a broadband waveguide slot antenna. The broadband waveguide slot antenna includes a first metal plate L1, a second metal plate L2, a third metal plate L3, and a fourth metal plate L4 which are sequentially stacked.
Longitudinally slotting the first metal plate L1 and the second metal plate L2 to form a radiation port 1; the radiation opening 1 longitudinally penetrates through the first metal plate L1 and the second metal plate L2, wherein the radiation opening 1 is in a broadside symmetrical oblique slot structure. The radiation port 1 is used for transmitting or receiving signals.
The specific structure of the radiation port 1 includes: the first metal plate L1 is longitudinally grooved to form a broadside radiating longitudinal seam 11, and the second metal plate L2 is longitudinally grooved to form a two-stage broadside inclined longitudinal seam: a first wide-side inclined longitudinal slit 12 opened at the upper surface and a second wide-side inclined longitudinal slit 13 opened at the lower surface. In this embodiment, the broadside radiation longitudinal slit 11 includes 2 × N slits distributed in an array, each of the first broadside oblique longitudinal slit 12 and the second broadside oblique longitudinal slit 13 includes 2 × N slits, the first broadside oblique longitudinal slit and the second broadside oblique longitudinal slit are combined with the 2 × N slits of the broadside radiation longitudinal slit 11 in a one-to-one correspondence manner to form 2 × N longitudinal radiation slits, and centers of three layers of slits of the longitudinal radiation slits are on a straight line; in the broadside radiation longitudinal slits 11, the centerline spacing between two rows of slits is 1/2 λ, and the centerline spacing between N slits in each row is 1/2 λ, where λ is the waveguide radiation wavelength. The length and width of the gap of the first broadside inclined longitudinal seam 12 are slightly greater than the length and width of the gap of the broadside radiating longitudinal seam 11 and the second broadside inclined longitudinal seam 13, so that the radiated energy is confined in the broadside radiating longitudinal seam 11. The current distribution of the feed can be adjusted by adjusting the slot inclination angles of the first broadside inclined longitudinal slot 12 and the second broadside inclined longitudinal slot 13.
Third metal plate L3: a pair of radiation waveguides 2 and a pair of coupling longitudinal slits 4 which are communicated up and down are formed by slotting the middle part of the third metal plate L3. Preferably, the radiation waveguide 2 adopts a groove-gap ridge waveguide structure, and a pair of metal ridges 21 of the groove-gap ridge waveguide is arranged on the short side of the cavity of the radiation waveguide 2, and the height of the metal ridges is lower than the depth of the cavity of the groove-gap ridge waveguide. The pair of radiation waveguides 2 corresponds to the pair of second broadside-slanted longitudinal slits 13 in the radiation opening 1. The length, width and height of the metal ridge of the groove gap ridge waveguide and the radiation groove are adjusted, so that the resonance frequency can be changed. A plurality of rectangular metal pins distributed in an array, which is defined as a first pin array 7, is further formed on the upper surface of the third metal plate L3 outside the radiation waveguide 2. The first pin array 7 mainly functions to suppress electromagnetic signals outside a working frequency band, enhance radiation performance, reduce coupling between antenna units, and improve isolation. In this embodiment, the length, width and height of the metal pins in the second array 8 are 0.5mm 0.6mm, and the range of operating frequencies can be adjusted by adjusting the size and spacing of the metal pins in the second array 8, wherein the upper surface of the metal pins is lower than the upper surface of the metal plate L3, which is 0.02 mm. The coupling longitudinal seams 4 are inclined longitudinal seams, and the pair of coupling longitudinal seams 4 are respectively communicated with the waveguide cavities of the pair of radiation waveguides 2 and form a certain inclination angle with the length direction of the radiation waveguides 2 for impedance matching and energy coupling. In particular, the positional relationship between each radiation guide 2 and the coupling slit 4 in the horizontal direction is such that the centers of the two coincide, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
Fourth metal plate L4: and a groove is formed in the middle of the fourth metal plate L4 to form a coupling waveguide 3 and a waveguide matching structure 5 which are communicated up and down. In the present embodiment, the coupling waveguide 3 is a slot gap waveguide structure, the length direction of which is perpendicular to the length direction of the radiation waveguide 2, and the width of which is adapted to the coupling longitudinal slit 4. After assembly, the coupling longitudinal seam 4 and the coupling waveguide 3 are in cavity communication. The resonant frequency can be changed by adjusting the length and width of the cavity of the coupling waveguide 3. On the upper surface of the fourth metal plate L4, a plurality of rectangular metal pins are formed on the outer side of the coupling waveguide 3, and are distributed in an array, which is defined as a second pin array 8. The second pin array 8 and the first pin array 7 have the same processing mode and function, and the functions are used for inhibiting electromagnetic signals outside a working frequency band, so that the radiation performance is enhanced, the coupling between antenna units is reduced, and the isolation is improved. In this embodiment, the length, width and height of the metal pins in the second pin array 8 are 0.5mm by 0.6mm, and the interval of the operating frequency can be adjusted by adjusting the size and spacing of the metal pins in the second pin array 8. Typically, the first array of pins 7 and the second array of pins 8 may use metal pins of the same size and with the same array pitch. The waveguide matching structure 5 is composed of three layers of rectangular waveguides and is used for impedance matching and signal transmission. In general, the length and width of the cross section of the three-layer rectangular waveguide are gradually reduced from outside to inside. In particular, the coupling waveguide 3 and the waveguide matching structure 5 are horizontally positioned, and those skilled in the art will recognize that the centers of the coupling waveguide and the waveguide matching structure are coincident.
In this structure, the fourth metal plate L4 is a bottom plate, and has a thickness greater than the other three metal plates, and the first metal plate L1 is the thinnest.
In the antenna, the slot current distribution of the coupling longitudinal slot 4 and the radiation port 1 can be selected according to the requirement of the actual antenna.
In assembly, the four plates are fixed by bolts. A first mounting gap 61 may be left between the second metal plate L2 and the third metal plate L3 during machining, and a second mounting gap 62 may be left between the third metal plate L3 and the fourth metal plate L4 during machining, as shown in fig. 3. The gap range between the first mounting gap 61 and the second mounting gap 62 may be controlled to be 0.05mm or less. In a structural slot of such size, there is no substantial impact on antenna performance.
The experimental results are as follows:
in this example, a three-dimensional high-frequency electromagnetic field simulation software HFSS tool was used to perform modeling simulation according to the above antenna structure, and the thickness of each metal plate, the structure size of each waveguide structure, and the structure size of the slot were input, and the following simulation data were finally obtained.
As can be seen from the antenna radiation pattern shown in fig. 8: the antenna gain of the antenna is close to 15dB, and the side lobe is larger than 20 dB.
From the antenna matching impedance plot of fig. 9, the frequency-standing wave ratio test plot of fig. 10 can be seen: the VSWR of the antenna sample is less than 1.5 at the standing-wave ratio of 75.5 GHz-78.5 GHz and less than 1.2 at the standing-wave ratio of 76.0 GHz-78.0 GHz, so that the matching of 3GHz bandwidth is realized, and the requirement of an automobile radar on wide bandwidth is met.
The structural form description and the simulation data of the product are integrated to obtain: the broadband waveguide radiation slot antenna has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the traditional waveguide radiation slot antenna, the antenna provided by the invention reduces the processing error of the radiation slot and the influence of the contact slot between the metal plates on the antenna radiation, is easy to process and install, and has good popularization value and application prospect;
(2) the radiation waveguide and the coupling waveguide adopt a slot gap waveguide structure, so that the coupling among the antennas can be reduced, and the isolation and the antenna gain are improved;
(3) the bandwidth of the antenna can be effectively widened by adopting a multilayer matching structure.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A broadband waveguide slot array antenna is characterized by comprising a first metal plate, a second metal plate, a third metal plate and a fourth metal plate which are sequentially stacked,
longitudinally slotting in the middle of the first metal plate and the second metal plate to form a radiation opening longitudinally penetrating through the first metal plate and the second metal plate;
longitudinally slotting in the middle of the third metal plate to form a pair of radiation waveguides and a pair of coupling longitudinal seams which are communicated up and down;
longitudinally slotting the middle part of the fourth metal plate to form a coupling waveguide and a waveguide matching structure which are communicated up and down;
the radiation port, the radiation waveguide, the coupling longitudinal seam, the coupling waveguide and the waveguide matching structure are sequentially communicated up and down to form a radiation channel; the length direction of the radiation waveguide is perpendicular to the length direction of the coupling waveguide.
2. The broadband waveguide slot array antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiation port has a broadside symmetric slanted slot structure, comprising:
a broadside radiation longitudinal seam is formed by longitudinally slotting the middle part of the first metal plate; the first wide-edge inclined longitudinal seam and the second wide-edge inclined longitudinal seam are formed by longitudinally slotting the middle part of the second metal plate and are communicated up and down;
the broadside radiation longitudinal seam comprises 2 x N slits distributed in an array, the first broadside oblique longitudinal seam and the second broadside oblique longitudinal seam both comprise 2 x N slits, the first broadside oblique longitudinal seam and the second broadside oblique longitudinal seam are correspondingly combined with the 2 x N slits of the broadside radiation longitudinal seam one by one to form 2 x N longitudinal radiation slits, and the centers of three layers of slits of the longitudinal radiation slits are on the same straight line; the centerline spacing between the two rows of slots is 1/2 λ and the centerline spacing between the N slots of each row is 1/2 λ, where λ is the waveguide radiation wavelength.
3. The broadband waveguide slot array antenna of claim 2, wherein the length and width of the slots of the first broadside-slanted longitudinal slot are slightly greater than the length and width of the slots of the broadside-radiating longitudinal slot and the second broadside-slanted longitudinal slot.
4. The broadband waveguide slot array antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiation waveguide is a slot-gap ridge waveguide formed with a metal ridge on both short sides thereof, and the height of the metal ridge is lower than the depth of the slot-gap ridge waveguide cavity.
5. The broadband waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of metal pins are formed in an array on an outer side of the radiation waveguide on an upper surface of the third metal plate.
6. The wideband waveguide slot array antenna of claim 4 wherein the coupling longitudinal slot is a slanted longitudinal slot and the radiating waveguide has a tilt angle with respect to the length direction.
7. The broadband waveguide slot array antenna of claim 1, wherein the coupling waveguide is a slot gap waveguide having a length direction perpendicular to a length direction of the radiation waveguide and a width adapted to the coupling longitudinal slot, a longitudinal projection of the coupling longitudinal slot falling within the coupling waveguide.
8. The broadband waveguide slot array antenna of claim 1, wherein a plurality of metal pins are formed in an array on an outer side of the coupling waveguide on an upper surface of the fourth metal plate.
9. The broadband waveguide slot array antenna of claim 1, wherein the waveguide matching structure is comprised of three layers of rectangular waveguides, the inner layer of which is in communication with the coupling waveguide; the waveguide matching structure is from outside to inside, and the three layers of rectangular waveguides are of a layer-by-layer reduction structure.
10. The broadband waveguide slot array antenna of claim 1, wherein a first mounting gap is disposed between the second metal plate and the third metal plate, and a second mounting gap is disposed between the third metal plate and the fourth metal plate, and wherein the first mounting gap and the second mounting gap have a gap range of 0-0.05 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210093048.6A CN114498029A (en) | 2022-01-26 | 2022-01-26 | Broadband waveguide slot array antenna |
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| CN202210093048.6A CN114498029A (en) | 2022-01-26 | 2022-01-26 | Broadband waveguide slot array antenna |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115101914A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Cavity antenna array with low profile and flexible caliber and resonant cavity thereof |
| CN115275622A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-11-01 | 盛纬伦(深圳)通信技术有限公司 | Slotted gap waveguide antenna and preparation method thereof |
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2022
- 2022-01-26 CN CN202210093048.6A patent/CN114498029A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115101914A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Cavity antenna array with low profile and flexible caliber and resonant cavity thereof |
| CN115101914B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-07-21 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Cavity antenna array with low profile and flexible caliber |
| CN115275622A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-11-01 | 盛纬伦(深圳)通信技术有限公司 | Slotted gap waveguide antenna and preparation method thereof |
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