CN114481407A - 一种轻薄防紫外机织面料的生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种轻薄防紫外机织面料的生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种轻薄防紫外机织面料的生产工艺，包括如下步骤：整经：将经纱进行整经，经纱为包芯纱，芯纱为氨纶长丝，包覆丝为抗静电涤纶长丝；浆丝：采用双浸双压浆纱，浆料包括丙烯酸类浆料、PVA；织造：开口时间290°，后梁高度提高4格；上机张力180KG；主喷气压0.34MPa，辅喷气压比主喷气压高10％。采用抗紫外涤纶氨纶包芯纱，使得该面料同时兼顾轻薄、弹力及防紫外功能。通过浆纱工艺保证了经纱无回弹和粘连的问题，并且优化了织造工艺确保面料的高质高效生产，并且面料手感轻盈柔软，布面平整光洁，弹性柔和适中，具备防紫外功能性，产品适用范围广，市场前景好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及机织面料生产技术领域，尤其是一种轻薄防紫外机织面料的生产工艺。
背景技术
紫外光是一种不可见的、其波长比可见光波长短的电磁波，太阳光中紫外光谱约占到6％左右，不同波长的紫外线可划分为UV-A(320-400nm)，UV-B(290-320nm)，UV-C(200-290nm)。适量的紫外线辐射能促进体内维生素D合成，可抑制佝偻病，消毒杀菌，对人体有益，但过量辐射紫外线对人体危害极大。UV-A能量较小，占紫外线的95％～98％，能使皮肤松弛，加速老化；UV-B能量大，能引起晒伤、免疫抑制，同时增加患皮肤肿瘤和致癌的危险；UV-C能量最大，可以引起基因突变和肿瘤，但几乎被臭氧层全部吸收。人体皮肤每天可接受的安全辐射量为20kJ/m2，而到达地面的紫外辐射量阴天约为40～60kJ/m2,晴天约为80～100kJ/m2，炎热的夏天，高达100～200kJ/m2，但是普通衣料对紫外线的遮蔽率仅约为50％左右，不能满足对人体的防护需求。
许多纤维尽管本身具有一定的紫外线吸收和屏蔽性能，但是并不能满足服用、装饰用或产业用的需求，所以还需要采取一些加工处理方法来强化其防紫外功能，而对于本身不是防紫外线纤维构成的织物，只能通过后整理赋予其防紫外线功能。研究者采用纳米TiO2和ZnO对大豆蛋白织物进行复合涂层整理，赋予大豆蛋白织物优良的抗紫外线性能，并具有一定的抗红外线和隔热功能。反应型紫外吸收剂LIQ和活性荧光黄FL，对改性棉织物进行一浴无盐整理，当LIQ和FL分别为3％、1％，Na2CO3为10g/L，温度65℃，保温时间40min时，整理的棉织物UPF值可达76左右，经30次标准洗涤后，其UPF值仍在65以上，防紫外性能优良。在超临界状态下，将乙酰丙酮锌渗透扩散至聚酯纤维中，再通过热还原法将聚酯纤维中的乙酰丙酮锌还原产生纳米氧化锌，并沉积在织物中，获得了具有防紫外能力的聚酯织物，UPF值为100+。
纳米氧化钛JC-TF25优异的紫外线吸收、光催化杀菌、分解有机污染物等性能一种高度分散的纳米级二氧化钛。TiO2晶格内的缺陷密度，增大了载流子的浓度，使电子、空穴数量增加，使其具有更强的捕获在TiO2表面的溶液组份(水、氧气、有机物)的能力。抗菌防霉、排气净化、脱臭、水处理、防污、耐候抗老化、汽车面漆等领域有着广泛的应用，它在环境、信息、材料、能源、医疗与卫生等领域也有着广阔的应用前景。
防紫外线机织面料，尤其是四面弹的机织面料，引纬是纬纱容易回缩，导致布面纬缩疵点，在织造时具有较大的难度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种轻薄防紫外机织面料的生产工艺，通过浆纱工艺保证了经纱无回弹和粘连的问题，并且优化了织造工艺确保面料的高质高效生产，并且所制备的面料手感轻盈柔软，布面平整光洁，弹性柔和适中，同时具备防紫外功能性，产品适用范围广，市场前景好。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是这样实现的：
本发明所涉及的一种轻薄防紫外机织面料的生产工艺，包括如下步骤：
S1、整经工序：将经纱进行整经，车速为350-400m/min，伸缩筘横动量为2mm，滚筒压辊压力为0.35-0.4MPa，张力圈重量为4-5g；所述经纱为包芯纱，其中，芯纱为氨纶长丝，包覆丝为抗静电涤纶长丝；
S2、浆丝工序：采用双浸双压浆纱工艺，所使用的浆料包括丙烯酸类浆料、PVA；所述浆料中的含固量为8-10％，上浆率为7-8％，伸长率为1.2％；
S3、织造工序：采用电子开口喷气织机；织机速度600r/min，开口时间290°，后梁高度提高4格，综框开口量76、68、56、50mm；上机张力；180KG；所使用的纬纱与经纱相同；
引纬时，主喷气压0.34MPa，辅喷气压比主喷气压高10％，主喷开启时间90°-180°；停纬销90°-120°；辅喷时间100°-180°、120°-200°、140°-220°、160°-260°、180°-300°。
在上述方案的基础上并作为上述方案的优选方案：所述抗静电涤纶长丝的规格为75D/60F，所述氨纶长丝的细度为40D。
在上述方案的基础上并作为上述方案的优选方案：所述PVA为PVA-1799，使用量小于浆料中固体含量的10％。
在上述方案的基础上并作为上述方案的优选方案：织造工序中，经纱与纬纱按照平纹组织交织。
在上述方案的基础上并作为上述方案的优选方案：所制备的轻薄防紫外机织面料的经密为484根/10厘米、纬密为516根/10厘米。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明所涉及的一种一种轻薄防紫外机织面料的生产工艺，采用抗紫外涤纶长丝氨纶包芯纱，使得该面料同时兼顾轻薄、富有弹力及防紫外功能的面料。通过浆纱工艺保证了经纱无回弹和粘连的问题，并且优化了织造工艺确保面料的高质高效生产，并且所制备的面料手感轻盈柔软，布面平整光洁，弹性柔和适中，同时具备防紫外功能性，产品适用范围广，市场前景好。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步说明。
改善纱线的防紫外性能主要有两种方式：一种是本体改性，纺丝时在纺丝液中加入防紫外助剂；另一种是表面改性，采用涂层法将防紫外助剂涂覆在纤维表面形成防紫外薄膜。
常规的防紫外助剂分为有机吸收剂和无机反射剂两种，吸收剂有苯酮类、氰基丙烯酸酯类、金属离子螯合物、水杨酸酯类、反应型紫外线吸收剂等。反射剂有高岭土、滑石粉、氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化锌、三氧化二铝、氧化石墨烯、碳酸钙等，其对人体无伤害性且防紫外效果较好。
由于涤纶基质的防紫外效果和综合服用性能最佳，选用含二氧化钛的涤纶长丝为原料，并通过包覆纱工艺与氨纶长丝复合作为经纬纱线原料。其面料设计具体规格如下：
幅宽：160cm；织物组织为1上1下平纹，经纱/纬纱：涤纶75D/60F/氨纶40D，经密：480根/10厘米，纬密：510根/10厘米，克重：138克/平方米。
经纬纱采用含二氧化钛微粒的涤纶为原料，采用氨纶为芯丝通过全包覆工艺制备全包覆氨纱，进而开发具有同时兼顾轻薄、富有弹力及防紫外功能的面料。并且二氧化钛微料在涤纶纤维的含量为5-8％，具体为5％。
本发明所涉及的一种轻薄防紫外机织面料的生产工艺，包括如下步骤：S1整经工序→S2浆丝工序→S3织造工序。
在步骤S1整经工序中，将经纱进行整经，车速为350-400m/min，伸缩筘横动量为2mm，滚筒压辊压力为0.35-0.4MPa，张力圈重量为4-5g；所述经纱为包芯纱，其中，芯纱为氨纶长丝，包覆丝为抗静电涤纶长丝。
由于经纱弹性大，工艺路线以“低速，中张力，小伸长，保弹性”为原则。整经时车速不宜过快，低于常规品种，控制在常采用350～400m/min；整经过程中，必须合理控制张力大小，保持片纱张力均匀，且不能损伤纱线的物理机械性能。
此外，处理断头是因注意防止芯丝的过渡拉伸和回弹；落轴时，胶带要缠绕牢固，尽可能减少经纱回缩，保证片纱的张力均匀。
在步骤S2浆丝工序中，采用双浸双压浆纱工艺，所使用的浆料包括丙烯酸类浆料、PVA；所述浆料中的含固量为8-10％，上浆率为7-8％，伸长率为1.2％。
对经纱涤纶长丝的上浆目的主要是提高其抱合力和耐磨性，提高织造效率。针对本品种浆纱工艺重点考虑纱线的耐磨、毛羽的贴伏及浆膜的完整性。
浆纱工艺采用双浸双压双侧压。选择丙烯酸类浆料为主浆料，PVA-1799为辅，并对其配方进行适当优化，保证其浆膜质量。
经实践，防止氨纶丝不回弹，同时保证经纱直接不粘连，上浆率控制在7-8％，采用“高压浆力，先轻后重，中速，小伸长，紧密绕，湿分绞”的工艺路线，最终达到增耐磨，改善开口清晰度，提高可织性目的。
进一步的，所使用的PVA-1799所占浆料中固体含量的百分比小于10％，具体到要实施例中为8％。
经过上述浆丝工艺处理后，保证了经纱无回弹和粘连问题，改进了织造工艺确保面料的高质高效生产，经过实际生产证实，开口清晰，由于开口不清所导致的停台很少发生。
在步骤S3织造工序中，选用丰田JAT810型电子开口喷气织机，采用早开口、低后梁、大张力、晚引纬工艺；织机速度600r/min，开口时间290°，后梁高度提高4格，综框开口量76、68、56、50mm；上机张力；180KG；所使用的纬纱与经纱相同。
引纬采用“主压低，辅压高”的工艺，主喷气压0.34MPa，辅喷气压比主喷气压高10％，主喷开启时间90°-180°；停纬销90°-120°；辅喷时间100°-180°、120°-200°、140°-220°、160°-260°、180°-300°。
选用喷气织机织造，所生产的面料为四面弹织物，需要保证经纬向都有足够的张力，使经纬纱处于伸长状态，引纬气压不能过低，否则易产生纬缩疵点，而过高会吹散纬纱导致引纬失败及布面不平整。针对此，一是优化主辅喷嘴的气压计开启时间；而是调整上机张力、经位置线及综框开口量。
并且在喷气织机上增加一吸纱喷嘴设置于织口的一端与主喷嘴相对设置，并且同时减少辅助喷嘴之间的间距。
具体的，将辅助喷嘴的间距由65-75cm，降低至50-60cm，在本实施例中选择为55cm，可使得纬纱在筘槽中螺旋波动幅度小，且其波动的幅度起伏变化也相对较小，纬纱在筘槽中引纬飞行更加平稳，有利于提高引纬效率，减少织机纬向停台。所增加的吸纱喷嘴的气压为0.15MPa。喷气织机所制备的坯布经过整理→分等→打包→入库。
经国家纺织产品质量监督检验中心(江阴)检测，其产品的质量水平符合FZ/T14046-2019《涤纶氨纶弹力布》标准一等品要求，安全性符合GB 18401-2010《国家纺织产品基本安全技术规范》标准B类要求。防紫外线性能符合GB/T18830-2009《纺织品防紫外线性能的评定》标准，UPF>40，T(UVA)％<5具有优异的防紫外性能。
采用FZ/T 14046-2019《涤纶氨纶弹力布》、GB 18401-2010《国家纺织产品基本安全技术规范》、GB/T 18830-2009《纺织品防紫外线性能的评定》检测标准进行检测的结果如下：
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思做出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种轻薄防紫外机织面料的生产工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
S1、整经工序：将经纱进行整经，车速为350-400m/min，伸缩筘横动量为2mm，滚筒压辊压力为0.35-0.4MPa，张力圈重量为4-5g；所述经纱为包芯纱，其中，芯纱为氨纶长丝，包覆丝为抗静电涤纶长丝；
S2、浆丝工序：采用双浸双压浆纱工艺，所使用的浆料包括丙烯酸类浆料、PVA；所述浆料中的含固量为8-10％，上浆率为7-8％，伸长率为1.2％；
S3、织造工序：采用电子开口喷气织机；织机速度600r/min，开口时间290°，后梁高度提高4格，综框开口量76、68、56、50mm；上机张力；180KG；所使用的纬纱与经纱相同；
引纬时，主喷气压0.34MPa，辅喷气压比主喷气压高10％，主喷开启时间90°-180°；停纬销90°-120°；辅喷时间100°-180°、120°-200°、140°-220°、160°-260°、180°-300°。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻薄防紫外机织面料的生产工艺，其特征在于，所述抗静电涤纶长丝的规格为75D/60F，所述氨纶长丝的细度为40D。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻薄防紫外机织面料的生产工艺，其特征在于，所述PVA为PVA-1799，使用量小于浆料中固体含量的10％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻薄防紫外机织面料的生产工艺，其特征在于，织造工序中，经纱与纬纱按照平纹组织交织。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻薄防紫外机织面料的生产工艺，其特征在于，所制备的轻薄防紫外机织面料的经密为484根/10厘米、纬密为516根/10厘米。
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