CN114478127A

CN114478127A - Humic acid fertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of allium vegetables

Info

Publication number: CN114478127A
Application number: CN202210197928.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈琴; 陈振东; 郭元元; 张力; 李洋; 宋焕忠; 车江旅; 蒋月喜; 周生茂; 唐娟; 黄皓; 秦龙妹; 方俊翔; 陈燕华
Original assignee: Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2022-03-01
Filing date: 2022-03-01
Publication date: 2022-05-13
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-01
Also published as: CN114478127B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production, and particularly discloses a humic acid fertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of allium vegetables and application thereof. A humic acid fertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of allium vegetables and an application thereof are disclosed, which comprises the following components: 10-25 parts of sugarcane ash, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of soil biological agent, 5-10 parts of chitosan, 15-25 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 20-35 parts of ammonium sulfate. The humic acid fertilizer for relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of the allium vegetables fully utilizes the waste generated by sugar production and the soil biological agent, can obviously relieve the continuous cropping obstacle in the planting process of the allium crops, provides comprehensive and balanced nutrients for the growth of the allium crops, reduces the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, improves the growth capacity of the allium crops, and increases the yield.

Description

Humic acid fertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of allium vegetables

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production, and particularly discloses a humic acid fertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of allium vegetables and application thereof.

Background

Continuous cropping obstacles are a ubiquitous problem in crop production and are important factors impeding agricultural development. With the rapid development of national economy in China, the demand of people for grains, vegetables, fruits and the like is increasing day by day, but the scale and specialized production mode of vegetable production also leads to the gradual aggravation of continuous cropping obstacles in different regions and becomes a main problem for limiting the sustainable development of vegetables in the regions.

Causes of continuous cropping obstacle include: 1. soil with poor physicochemical properties, such as soil nutrient imbalance and soil salinization; the application of only a single fertilizer can cause the selective absorption of nutrient elements by the plant root system. The absorption rate of a certain plant to nutrients is specific, for example, rice absorbs more silicon element in soil. Therefore, the crops can selectively absorb the soil nutrients, the proportion of the mineral elements in the soil is unbalanced, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are deteriorated, so that the growth of roots is influenced, the absorption and utilization of the nutrient elements by the roots are not facilitated, and the healthy growth of plants is influenced; 2. soil-borne diseases and insect pests are aggravated, and the occurrence probability of the diseases and the insect pests is increased by continuously planting the same crop. The number of pathogenic bacteria in the soil is increasing, resulting in disruption of the microbial community balance. 3. On one hand, root exudates improve the bioavailability of rhizosphere soil nutrients and promote the growth of crops by changing the physical, chemical and biological properties of the rhizosphere; on the other hand, root exudates can cause the phenomenon of allelopathy or stimulate the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms, thereby causing the problems of continuous cropping obstacle and the like.

The prevention and treatment measures for the continuous cropping obstacle comprise: 1. in the aspect of a farming system, for the plots for planting the same crop for several consecutive years, the plots can be treated by adopting the mode of reverse cropping planting, such as crop rotation, intercropping and the like; 2. in the aspect of planting management, such as fertilizer and water application management, in the crop planting production process, the fertilizer application amount is controlled, the situation that the normal growth of crops is influenced due to the overhigh content of soil salt is avoided, in the fertilizer application process, the application of a single fertilizer is avoided, the three elements of the fertilizer are reasonably applied, and a compound fertilizer is applied as far as possible; of course, the application of micro-fertilizers is also noted. The combination of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer can avoid the imbalance of mineral element proportion caused by excessive absorption of a certain element by crops. And biological bacterial manure can be applied to improve the soil environment and inhibit the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria.

In recent years, due to the annual increase of the demand of the garlic and the chives and the driving of economic benefits, the garlic and the chives are rapidly developed, the continuous cropping phenomenon in the main production area is becoming more serious, and the continuous cropping obstacle is one of the main factors causing low yield and poor quality of the garlic and the chives.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of allium vegetables and provides a humic acid fertilizer.

The invention provides a specific technical scheme as follows:

a humic acid fertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of allium vegetables comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-25 parts of sugarcane ash, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of soil biological agent, 5-10 parts of chitosan, 15-25 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 20-35 parts of ammonium sulfate.

Preferably, the humic acid fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of sugarcane ash, 20-25 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of soil biological agent, 5-10 parts of chitosan, 15-25 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 20-35 parts of ammonium sulfate.

Preferably, the sugarcane ash is a byproduct sugarcane bagasse obtained after sugarcane is juiced and sugared in the sugaring process, and fine ash obtained after the bagasse is burnt can be sieved by a 100-mesh sieve.

Preferably, the soil biological agent is a mixed agent consisting of bacillus megaterium, paenibacillus jelly, bacillus subtilis and thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Wherein the weight ratio of the bacillus megaterium to the paenibacillus mucilaginosus to the bacillus subtilis to the thiobacillus ferrooxidans is 1-5:1-5:1-5: 1-5.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the bacillus megaterium to the paenibacillus mucilaginosus to the bacillus subtilis to the thiobacillus ferrooxidans is 2-3:2-3: 2-3.

Preferably, the humic acid fertilizer for relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of the allium vegetables is applied as a base fertilizer at one time before the crops are planted, and the dosage per mu is 50-80 kg/mu.

Preferably, the dosage per mu is 55-70 kg/mu.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the humic acid fertilizer for relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of the allium vegetables provided by the invention fully utilizes wastes generated in sugar production, can obviously relieve the continuous cropping obstacle in the planting process of the allium crops, provides comprehensive and balanced nutrients for the growth of the allium crops, reduces the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, improves the growth capacity of the allium crops, and increases the yield.

2. In the soil biological agent: the combination of the mixed inoculants of bacillus megaterium, paenibacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus subtilis and thiobacillus ferrooxidans can obviously reduce the continuous cropping obstacle of garlic.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. In the present invention, the following examples are intended to better illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

Humic acid, content 98%, commercially available.

Chitosan, content 90%, commercially available.

Example 1: effect of humic acid fertilizers on biological characteristics of continuous cropping garlic

Test plant materials: garlic

Test soil: collecting garlic continuous cropping soil from farmland for 5 years, randomly selecting 5 points in each field, collecting plough layer soil of 0-20cm, mixing, and air drying.

Test fertilizer (base fertilizer):

table 1 test fertilizer formulations

The test method comprises the following steps: the method is carried out in a pot culture mode. The pot experiment adopts a plastic pot (a small hole is arranged at the bottom). The dry weight of the soil in each pot is 5Kg, and 4 garlic plants are planted. 15g of base fertilizer is applied to each pot of soil. Each treatment was 10 pots, randomized, and the experiment was repeated 3 times. During the growth period of the plants, loosening soil in each pot at proper time, irrigating water in time according to the growth vigor of the crops and the dry and wet conditions of the soil by adopting a volumetric method, and preventing and treating insect pests.

Determination of biological characteristic index: and at the later stage of bulb expansion, randomly taking 3 pots for each treatment in each block to measure the fresh yield of the garlic bulbs, bagging the bulbs produced by each pot, air-drying and weighing, and inspecting the dry yield of the bulbs. The plant height is measured by measuring the distance from the ground to the highest height of the plant as the plant height of the period, and the allicin content is detected by adopting a gas chromatography. 10 strains were randomly selected and measured, and the average value was obtained.

And (3) testing results: the results of the determination of the effect of humic acid fertilizer on the biological properties of continuous cropping garlic are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 determination of the influence of the fertilizer formulation on the biological Properties of the continuous cropping Garlic

Treatment of	Plant height (cm)	Garlic diameter (cm)	Fresh weight of single garlic bulb (g)	Dry weight of single garlic bulb (g)	Allicin content (g/kg)
						Fertilizer 1	67.85	4.61	38.56	29.32	2.35
Fertilizer 2	60.48	4.15	32.82	23.74	2.47
						Fertilizer 3	60.70	4.18	33.51	23.04	2.21
Fertilizer 4	61.82	4.25	34.33	24.72	2.11
						Fertilizer 5	60.93	4.20	33.60	24.05	2.32
Fertilizer 6	57.64	4.01	30.35	21.91	2.56
						Fertilizer 7	59.35	4.11	31.55	22.62	2.28
CK blank	56.28	3.90	28.53	20.18	1.92

As shown in Table 2, compared with the formulated fertilizers 2-7, the fertilizer 1 formulation can significantly improve the garlic plant height, the diameter of the garlic bulb, the fresh weight of a single garlic bulb and the dry weight of a single garlic bulb. Therefore, the combination of the soil biological agents of bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus subtilis and thiobacillus ferrooxidans can obviously reduce the continuous cropping obstacle of garlic.

Example 2: effect of humic acid fertilizers on biological characteristics of continuous cropping chives

Test plant materials: fragrant scallion

And (3) testing soil: in the chive field, soil is slightly and continuously planted.

The test fertilizers (base fertilizers) are shown in table 3.

Table 3 test fertilizer formulations

The test method comprises the following steps: a total of 8 treatments were set for each field, and the experiments were performed in a randomized block arrangement, 3 replicates, and a cell area of 20m 2. The fertilizing amount of the base fertilizer is 60 kg/mu; and (3) testing time: 3-6 months in 2020.

Measurement indexes are as follows: and (4) measuring the agronomic performance of the chives in the chives harvesting period.

And (3) testing results: the results of the determination of the effect of humic acid fertilizer on the biological properties of the continuous cropping chives are shown in table 4.

TABLE 4 determination of the Effect of humic acid fertilizers on the biological Properties of continuous cropping Allium fistulosum

As shown in Table 4, the fertilizer 8 formula can significantly improve the plant height, the individual plant weight and the yield per mu of chive compared with the formula fertilizers 9-14. Therefore, the combination of the soil biological agents of bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus subtilis and thiobacillus ferrooxidans can obviously reduce the continuous cropping obstacle of the chives.

Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and modifications and variations of the present invention are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims

1. A humic acid fertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of allium vegetables is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-25 parts of sugarcane ash, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of soil biological agent, 5-10 parts of chitosan, 15-25 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 20-35 parts of ammonium sulfate.

2. The humic acid fertilizer according to claim 1, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of sugarcane ash, 20-25 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of soil biological agent, 5-10 parts of chitosan, 15-25 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 20-35 parts of ammonium sulfate.

3. A humic acid fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sugarcane ash is a byproduct sugarcane bagasse obtained after sugarcane is juiced and saccharified in a sugaring process, and the fine ash obtained after the sugarcane bagasse is incinerated is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve.

4. A humic acid fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the soil biological agent is a mixed agent consisting of Bacillus megaterium, Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus subtilis and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, wherein the weight ratio of Bacillus megaterium, Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus subtilis and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is 1-5:1-5: 1-5.

5. A humic acid fertilizer according to claim 4 wherein, the ratio of the weight parts of the Bacillus megaterium, the Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, the Bacillus subtilis and the Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is 2-3:2-3: 2-3.

6. The method of using a humic acid fertilizer according to claim 1 wherein the application is once applied as a base fertilizer before the crop is planted, the dosage per mu is 50-80 kg/mu.