CN114468162A - Additive for enhancing immunity and reproductive performance of sows and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Additive for enhancing immunity and reproductive performance of sows and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of radix bupleuri, 2-4 parts of oriental wormwood, 2-4 parts of isatis root, 1-3 parts of schisandra chinensis, 1-3 parts of pig gall powder, 1-3 parts of mung bean, 1-3 parts of motherwort, 1-3 parts of astragalus membranaceus and 1-3 parts of auxiliary materials. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows. The additive prepared by the invention has positive effects of enhancing the immunity of sows, improving the colostrum protein level and reproductive performance of sows, reducing the economic loss of farmers and improving the economic benefit of live pig breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock and poultry feed additives, in particular to an additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In order to meet the increasing material requirements of people on meat products such as pork, the current breeding mode of China is gradually changed from the original individual and family free-ranging breeding mode into the common large-scale breeding mode. With the improvement of the intensification degree of the pig industry, diseases such as sow reproductive disorders become main factors influencing the reproductive capacity of sows, and the diseases are mainly characterized by the reduction of the reproductive capacity of the sows, namely, the replacement sows do not estrate after reaching sexual maturity, and do not estrate again or the interval of estrus again is prolonged after weaning, or the pregnant sows have the phenomena of low farrowing rate, low survival rate of piglets and the like. The breeding disorder of the sow can cause the sow to be in a non-pregnant and non-lactating state for a long time, directly or indirectly influence the economic benefit of pig breeding, and restrict the development of the pig industry.
In the prior art, most of the reasons restricting the development of the pig industry are that the reproductive capacity of sows is low and the survival rate of piglets is low, and meanwhile, due to the low immunity of the sows, the postnatal complications of the sows are easy to occur after farrowing, so that the farrowing can not be completed for many times, and the economic benefit of live pig breeding is reduced; the survival rate of the piglets is influenced by the nutritional components of the colostrum of the sows and the lactation amount of the sows, and the colostrum of the sows has low nutrition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows and a preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the technical problems that the reproductive capacity and immunity of the sows are low and colostrums secreted by the sows have low nutritional ingredients in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, one embodiment of the invention provides an additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2 to 4 parts of bupleurum, 2 to 4 parts of oriental wormwood, 2 to 4 parts of isatis root, 1 to 3 parts of schisandra fruit,
1 to 3 portions of pig gall powder, 1 to 3 portions of mung bean, 1 to 3 portions of motherwort,
1-3 parts of astragalus and 1-3 parts of auxiliary materials.
In one preferable scheme of the invention, the auxiliary material is a mixture of mannitol and sucrose, wherein the mass ratio of mannitol to sucrose is 1-2: 1.
Based on the additive for enhancing the immunity and the reproductive performance of the sows disclosed by the invention, the invention also discloses a preparation method of the additive for enhancing the immunity and the reproductive performance of the sows, which comprises the following steps:
step (1): decocting bupleuri radix, herba Artemisiae Scopariae, radix Isatidis, semen Phaseoli Radiati, herba Leonuri and radix astragali in water, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to obtain fluid extract;
step (2): crushing fructus Schisandrae, extracting with ethanol for several times, mixing extractive solutions, mixing, and concentrating to obtain fluid extract;
and (3): mixing the fluid extract prepared in the step (1) with the fluid extract prepared in the step (2), and drying to prepare fluid extract powder;
and (4): adding the pig gall powder and the auxiliary materials into the fluid extract powder prepared in the step (3), uniformly mixing, and granulating to obtain the product.
In one preferable scheme of the invention, in the step (1), the decoction is carried out twice, each time of the decoction is carried out for 2 hours, the filtered solution after the decoction is concentrated by decompression, and the concentration is stopped when the concentration is carried out to 60 ℃ and the relative density is 1.1-1.2.
In one preferable scheme of the invention, in the step (2), alcohol extraction is performed for 3 times, the solvent used in alcohol extraction is 75% by mass of ethanol, the time of the first alcohol extraction is 3 hours, the time of the second alcohol extraction is 2 hours, the time of the third alcohol extraction is 1 hour, and the liquid extract is obtained by concentrating the combined extracting solution after alcohol extraction under reduced pressure to the relative density of 1.1-1.2 at 60 ℃.
In one preferable scheme of the invention, in the step (1) and the step (2), when the medicine is subjected to water extraction and alcohol extraction, the mass ratio of the medicine to water or ethanol is 1: 8-12.
In one preferable scheme of the invention, the granulation in the step (3) is dry granulation, the dry granulation is completed by a dry granulator, and the prepared product is 800 g/granule to 1200 g/granule; wherein the dry granulating machine comprises the following technological parameters: the pressure is 5Mpa-10Mpa, the rotation speed of the compression roller is 8r/min-15r/min, the vertical feeding rotation speed is 7r/min-20r/min, the horizontal feeding rotation speed is 20r/min-50r/min, the rotation speed of the whole grain 1 is 50r/min-60r/min, and the rotation speed of the whole grain 2 is 50r/min-60 r/min.
In one preferable scheme of the invention, the process parameters of the dry-process granulator are as follows: the pressure is 8Mpa, the rotation speed of the compression roller is 12r/min, the rotation speed of the vertical feeding is 11r/min, the rotation speed of the horizontal feeding is 35r/min, the rotation speed of the whole grain 1 is 55r/min, and the rotation speed of the whole grain 2 is 50 r/min.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention takes feedable natural plants as raw materials, and carries out scientific and reasonable compatibility according to the principle of monarch, minister, assistant and guide under the guidance of the theory of Chinese veterinarian. Meanwhile, the natural plants adopt different extraction modes according to the property difference of the respective effective components to furthest reserve the active components in the medicinal materials so as to better exert the effects of resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, resisting viruses and enhancing immunity.
2. The additive prepared by the invention is rich in various free amino acids, such as arginine, proline, lysine and the like. After extraction and processing, various amino acids are transferred from the medicinal materials, so that the nutrient digestibility and bioavailability of animal organisms are improved. Meanwhile, amino acid is a precursor substance for protein synthesis, and the invention provides abundant amino acid raw material sources and partial protein, such as globulin. With the increase of the content level of amino acids such as arginine, the feed additive has positive influence on the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells of the sows, so that the expression of lactoprotein genes is promoted, and the content level of the lactoprotein in colostrum of the sows is improved.
3. The feed additive has obvious health care effect, no toxic or side effect, no drug residue and no drug resistance, has positive effects of enhancing the immunity of sows, improving the protein level and reproductive performance of colostrums of the sows, can reduce the economic loss of farmers and improve the economic benefit of live pig breeding.
4. Researches show that the isatis root acts on sialic acid on the surface of a cell membrane through the polysaccharide component and the protein component of the isatis root, and the sialic acid and viruses (such as influenza viruses) generate competitive adsorption, so that the cells are protected in a coating mode, the virus is effectively prevented from invading the cells, and the aim of resisting viruses is fulfilled. The bupleuri radix polysaccharide and herba Artemisiae Scopariae flavone have liver protecting effect, and can reduce serum transaminase activity, induce liver enzyme, protect integrity of liver cell membrane, and promote regeneration of liver cell. Schisandra chinensis and main chemical components thereof, such as deoxyschizandrin and schisandrin B, schisandrin A and schisandrin B, have obvious functions of protecting liver, lowering transaminase and relaxing blood vessels. The pig gall powder contains bile acids as main chemical components, and the bile acids have biological activities of resisting bacteria, resisting inflammation, resisting cancer, benefiting gall, reducing blood fat and the like. The semen Phaseoli Radiati contains various bioactive substances such as coumarin, phytosterol, saponin, etc., and can enhance immunity, increase phagocyte number or phagocyte function. Astragalus has the functions of eliminating free radicals and stabilizing liver cell membrane, and can increase the total amount of leucocyte in blood obviously and promote the phagocytic function and sterilizing capacity of neutrophilic granulocyte and macrophage. The plant additives can synergistically regulate and control organisms to play roles in protecting liver, resisting virus and enhancing immunity through multiple ways and multiple targets. In addition, the motherwort herb is mainly used for treating retention of placenta, incomplete lochiorrhea and no food after delivery of female animals, has the effects of improving intrauterine environment and promoting involution of uterus, and is greatly helpful for improving reproductive performance of female animals.
Detailed Description
Example 1
An additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of radix bupleuri, 3 parts of oriental wormwood, 3 parts of isatis root, 1.7 parts of Chinese magnoliavine fruit, 2 parts of pig gall powder, 1.3 parts of mung bean, 1.3 parts of motherwort, 1.3 parts of astragalus mongholicus and 1.7 parts of auxiliary materials;
wherein the auxiliary material is a mixture of mannitol and sucrose, and the mass ratio of mannitol to sucrose is 1.5: 1.
A preparation method of an additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows comprises the following steps:
step (1): decocting bupleuri radix, herba Artemisiae Scopariae, radix Isatidis, semen Phaseoli Radiati, herba Leonuri and radix astragali in water for 2 times, each time for 2 hr, filtering, concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain fluid extract with relative density of 1.1-1.2 at 60 deg.C, wherein the weight ratio of water to medicine is 8-12: 1;
step (2): crushing fructus Schisandrae into coarse powder, extracting with 75% ethanol under reflux for 3 times, extracting with ethanol for the first time for 3h, extracting with ethanol for the second time for 2h, and extracting with ethanol for the third time for 1h, mixing extractive solutions obtained after each ethanol extraction, recovering ethanol, concentrating the mixed extractive solutions under reduced pressure, and concentrating to relative density of 1.1-1.2 at 60 deg.C to obtain fluid extract, wherein the mass ratio of ethanol to medicine is 8-12: 1;
and (3): mixing the fluid extract prepared in the step (1) with the fluid extract prepared in the step (2), and performing spray drying to prepare fluid extract powder;
and (4): adding the pig gall powder and the auxiliary materials into the fluid extract powder prepared in the step (3), uniformly mixing, and performing dry granulation in a dry granulator to obtain a product, wherein the prepared product is 800-1200 g/granule, the process parameters of the dry granulator are that the pressure is 8Mpa, the rotating speed of a compression roller is 12r/min, the rotating speed of vertical feeding is 11r/min, the rotating speed of horizontal feeding is 35r/min, the rotating speed of whole granules 1 is 55r/min, and the rotating speed of whole granules 2 is 50 r/min.
Example 2
An additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of radix bupleuri, 2 parts of oriental wormwood, 4 parts of isatis root, 1 part of Chinese magnoliavine fruit, 3 parts of pig gall powder, 3 parts of mung bean, 3 parts of motherwort, 3 parts of astragalus membranaceus and 1 part of auxiliary material;
wherein the auxiliary material is a mixture of mannitol and sucrose, and the mass ratio of mannitol to sucrose is 1.5: 1.
Example 2 an additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 3
An additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of radix bupleuri, 4 parts of oriental wormwood, 2 parts of isatis root, 3 parts of schisandra chinensis, 1 part of pig gall powder, 1 part of mung bean, 1 part of motherwort, 1 part of astragalus membranaceus and 3 parts of auxiliary materials;
wherein the auxiliary material is a mixture of mannitol and sucrose, and the mass ratio of mannitol to sucrose is 1.5: 1.
Example 3 an additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Test section
In the test, 40 binary multiparous sows with normal reproductive performance in the later stage of pregnancy were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 sows, and the plant additives prepared in examples 1 to 3 were used as test groups 1 to 3, and the other group was used as a control group. The additive prepared by the invention is added into feed for normal feeding of sows in test groups according to the addition of 50 g/head/day in 7 days before and 7 days after delivery. The control group sows are fed according to the conventional feeding conditions of a pig farm, and the feeding management measures of the control group sows are kept consistent.
Test 1: evaluation of sow reproduction and piglet growth performance
The litter size of live piglets, the weight of piglets born, the weight of weaning at 3 weeks, and the litter weight of piglets at 3 weeks and the weight gain speed of piglets were recorded for the test group and the control group. The test results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: sow breeding and piglet growth performance of test group and control group
As can be seen from Table 1: the litter size of live births, the individual weight of piglets, the litter weight of births, the weight of weaned piglets at 21 days and the weight average of litter at 21 days are not significantly different among the test groups 1, 2 and 3, but the average daily gain difference among the test groups is significant, and is respectively increased by 25.34%, 16.38% and 11.87% compared with the control group. And evaluation indexes such as the number born alive, litter weight, 21-day-old weaning weight, 21-day-old litter weight, average daily gain and the like are obviously superior to those of a control group, and the difference is obvious. Therefore, the additive prepared by the invention has positive effects on improving the survival rate, the litter weight, the 21-day-old weaning weight, the 21-day-old litter weight and the average daily gain of the piglets by being added into the feed.
Test 2: sow immune function evaluation
After the sows are transferred into a delivery room, 6 sows are randomly selected from the test group and the control group, 10mL of colostrum is collected within 12 hours after the sows are delivered and stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of 20 ℃, and the content of colostrum components and immunoglobulin G (IgG) is measured, wherein the test results are shown in table 2.
Table 2: the colostrum components and IgG content of sow of the test group and the control group
As can be seen from Table 2: the milk protein, non-mammary solid, total solid content and colostrum IgG level of the test group 1, the test group 2 and the test group 3 are all higher than those of the control group and have significant difference, the lactose and milk fat content of the test group 1, the test group 2 and the test group 3 has no significant difference compared with the control group, and the milk fat content value is lower than that of the control group. Therefore, when the additive prepared by the invention is added into feed, the contents of lactoprotein, non-mammary gland solid, total solid and colostrum IgG in sow colostrum can be increased, and the nutritional ingredients of the sow colostrum are enriched.
Test 3: evaluation of reproduction performance of multiparous sow
The oestrus rate, oestrus conception rate and oestrus return rate of each group of sows within 7 days after weaning, as well as the oestrus rate, oestrus conception rate and oestrus return rate within 8-14 days were recorded, and the test results are shown in table 3.
Table 3: reproduction performance of sows in test group and control group
As can be seen from Table 3: the sows of the test group 1, the test group 2 and the test group 3 have higher oestrus ratio within 7 days after weaning, the total oestrus rate reaches 100% in 14 days and is 10% higher than that of the control group; meanwhile, sows in test group 1, test group 2 and test group 3 also tended to have an increased total conception rate compared to the control group. Therefore, the additive prepared by the invention can improve the reproduction performance of the sow when being added into the feed.
In conclusion, the additive prepared by the invention has positive effects on improving the number born alive of the sow, the litter weight, the average daily gain of piglets, the colostrum immunoglobulin level, the oestrus rate and the conception rate of weaned sows and improving the re-reproduction performance of the sow when being added into the daily ration of pregnant sows, so that the additive can be used as a functional plant additive to practically enhance the immunity, the reproduction performance and the re-reproduction performance of the sow, thereby improving the economic benefit of farmers.
Claims (8)
1. An additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows is characterized in that: the material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2 to 4 parts of bupleurum, 2 to 4 parts of oriental wormwood, 2 to 4 parts of isatis root, 1 to 3 parts of schisandra fruit,
1 to 3 portions of pig gall powder, 1 to 3 portions of mung bean, 1 to 3 portions of motherwort,
1-3 parts of astragalus and 1-3 parts of auxiliary materials.
2. The additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary material is a mixture of mannitol and sucrose, wherein the mass ratio of mannitol to sucrose is 1-2: 1.
3. The preparation method of the additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of the sows is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): decocting bupleuri radix, herba Artemisiae Scopariae, radix Isatidis, semen Phaseoli Radiati, herba Leonuri and radix astragali in water, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to obtain fluid extract;
step (2): crushing fructus Schisandrae, extracting with ethanol for several times, mixing extractive solutions, mixing, and concentrating to obtain fluid extract;
and (3): mixing the fluid extract prepared in the step (1) with the fluid extract prepared in the step (2), and drying to prepare fluid extract powder;
and (4): adding the pig gall powder and the auxiliary materials into the fluid extract powder prepared in the step (3), uniformly mixing, and granulating to obtain the product.
4. A method of preparing an additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the step (1), the decoction is carried out twice, each time of the decoction is carried out for 2 hours, the filtered solution after the decoction is concentrated by decompression, and the concentration is stopped when the concentration is carried out to 60 ℃ and the relative density is 1.1-1.2.
5. A method of preparing an additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and (3) carrying out alcohol extraction in the step (2), wherein the solvent used in the alcohol extraction is 75% by mass of ethanol, the time of the first alcohol extraction is 3 hours, the time of the second alcohol extraction is 2 hours, the time of the third alcohol extraction is 1 hour, and the liquid extract is obtained by concentrating the combined extracting solution after alcohol extraction under reduced pressure until the relative density is 1.1-1.2 at 60 ℃.
6. A method of preparing an additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the step (1) and the step (2), when the medicine is subjected to water extraction and alcohol extraction, the mass ratio of the medicine to water or ethanol is 1: 8-12.
7. A method of preparing an additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the granulation in the step (3) is dry granulation, the dry granulation is completed by a dry granulator, and the prepared product is 800 g/granule to 1200 g/granule; wherein the dry granulating machine comprises the following technological parameters: the pressure is 5Mpa-10Mpa, the rotation speed of the compression roller is 8r/min-15r/min, the vertical feeding rotation speed is 7r/min-20r/min, the horizontal feeding rotation speed is 20r/min-50r/min, the rotation speed of the whole grain 1 is 50r/min-60r/min, and the rotation speed of the whole grain 2 is 50r/min-60 r/min.
8. The method of preparing the additive for enhancing the immunity and reproductive performance of sows of claim 7 wherein: the dry type granulator comprises the following technological parameters: the pressure is 8Mpa, the rotation speed of the compression roller is 12r/min, the rotation speed of the vertical feeding is 11r/min, the rotation speed of the horizontal feeding is 35r/min, the rotation speed of the whole grain 1 is 55r/min, and the rotation speed of the whole grain 2 is 50 r/min.
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