CN114467398B - Improvement method and application of coastal viscous saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Improvement method and application of coastal viscous saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN114467398B CN114467398B CN202111594140.2A CN202111594140A CN114467398B CN 114467398 B CN114467398 B CN 114467398B CN 202111594140 A CN202111594140 A CN 202111594140A CN 114467398 B CN114467398 B CN 114467398B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement. The invention provides a method for improving coastal sticky saline-alkali soil and application thereof, comprising the following steps: mixing the surface soil of the saline-alkali soil with a soil loosening agent, a soil improvement material, an organic material, vinegar residue and an organic silicon fertilizer to obtain improved planting soil. The method is beneficial to eliminating soil hardening and salt damage of groundwater in saline-alkali soil, improving soil aggregate structure, regulating balance of soil water, fertilizer, gas and heat, enhancing soil permeability, improving soil nutrient retaining capacity, promoting propagation and metabolism of beneficial microorganisms in soil, activating soil nutrients, improving fertilizer efficiency, improving plant salt resistance, building good growth environment of plant root system, effectively reducing salt content in soil, regulating pH value of soil to neutral, creating a good environment for growth and development of plant growth, reducing capillary pore water absorption and preventing salt return of soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a coastal sticky saline-alkali soil improvement method and application.
Background
Soil is one of the basic elements constituting the environmental ecosystem, and is the material basis on which humans survive. However, most of the land resources in the world are only general, poor or poor, and 33% of the world's soil is moderately or highly degraded by erosion, salinization, hardening, acidification, chemical pollution and nutrient consumption due to global climate change and increasing population pressure, thus impeding soil function and affecting grain production. According to statistics of grain and agricultural organizations and textbook organizations of united nations, the global population has more than 4.24 multiplied by 10 8 hm 2 Surface soil of (2) and 8.33X10 8 hm 2 The bottom soil of the water-based soil belongs to saline-alkali soil and is widely distributed in more than 100 countries and regions. Thus, soil salinization has become a worldwide resource and ecological problem.
Ecological forest construction is an important means for effectively transforming the environment, and is a necessary choice for constructing ecological gardens. If the salinization degree of the soil is serious, the normal absorption of the seedling root system to moisture and nutrition is destroyed, so that the water wood withers and even dies, and the development of ecological forest construction is seriously hindered. Therefore, severe saline-alkali soil improvement is an important point and difficulty in saline-alkali soil improvement. Only the saline-alkali soil greening thought is defined, a new technology and a new method are formulated, effective comprehensive technical measures are adopted to carry out all-round diversified improvement on the saline-alkali soil, the effect of twice the result with little effort can be obtained, and the construction of saline-alkali soil ecological forests can be sustainable developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an improvement method and application of coastal sticky saline-alkali soil, and the improvement method and application of the coastal sticky saline-alkali soil promote sustainable development of the saline-alkali soil.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for improving coastal sticky saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: mixing the surface soil of the saline-alkali soil with a soil loosening agent, a soil improvement material, an organic material, vinegar residue and an organic silicon fertilizer to obtain improved planting soil.
Preferably, the surface soil is soil with a vertical depth of 0.8-1.8 m in the saline-alkali soil surface.
Preferably, the soil loosening agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of lauryl alcohol ethoxy ammonium sulfate, 2-15 parts of polyacrylamide, 25-40 parts of organic matters, 10-30 parts of humic acid and 0.5-3.5 parts of water;
the soil improvement material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of medical stone, 25-50 parts of vermiculite, 10-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 5-15 parts of glucose, 0.1-2.5 parts of nicotinic acid and 0.1-2.5 parts of serine;
the organic material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of fungus dreg, 20-45 parts of decomposed cow dung and 5-20 parts of straw.
Preferably, the dosage of the soil loosening agent is 0.5-2.0 kg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The dosage of the soil improvement material is 1.5-3.5 kg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The dosage of the organic material is 5.0-35.0 kg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The dosage of the vinegar residue is 5.0-35.0 kg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The dosage of the organic silicon fertilizer is 0.2～0.8kg/m 3 。
Preferably, the bottom of the improved planting soil is provided with a 10-50 cm saline-alkali isolation layer.
Preferably, the construction method of the saline-alkali isolation layer comprises the following steps: and spreading slaked lime after soil is ploughed, mixing soil, a soil curing agent and cement after 60-84 hours, compacting, and paving a high-density polyethylene geomembrane with the thickness of 0.3-1.5 mm.
Preferably, the dosage of the soil solidifying agent is 0.2-0.8L/m 3 The dosage of the slaked lime is 2-8% of the mass of the soil curing agent, and the dosage of the cement is 2-8% of the mass of the soil curing agent.
Preferably, the salt content of the soil with the depth of 0-60cm in the saline-alkali soil is more than 6 per mill by mass.
The invention also provides application of the improvement method in construction of saline-alkali soil ecological forests.
Preferably, the construction method of the saline-alkali soil ecological forest comprises the following steps: building a drainage channel which is communicated with the peripheral water system on the improved planting soil at intervals of 3-10 m, wherein the depth of the drainage channel is 0.8-1.2 m, the width of the top end of the drainage channel is 0.8-1.2 m, and the width of the bottom end of the drainage channel is 0.5-0.8 m; and building a water collecting station and a strong drainage station with side lengths of 1.0-3.0 m at the communication position of the drainage channel and the peripheral water system at intervals of 300-600 m.
The invention provides a method for improving coastal sticky saline-alkali soil and application thereof, comprising the following steps: mixing the surface soil of the saline-alkali soil with a soil loosening agent, a soil improvement material, an organic material, vinegar residue and an organic silicon fertilizer to obtain improved planting soil. The method disclosed by the invention is beneficial to eliminating salt damage of soil hardening and underground water in severe saline-alkali soil, improving the soil aggregate structure, regulating balance of soil water, fertilizer, gas and heat, enhancing the permeability of soil, improving the nutrient retaining capacity of soil, promoting propagation and metabolism of beneficial microorganisms in soil, activating soil nutrients, enabling fertilizer efficiency to be higher, improving the salt resistance of plants, building good growth environment of plant roots, effectively reducing the salt content of soil, regulating the pH value of soil to be neutral, creating a good growth and development environment for plant growth, reducing capillary pore water absorption and preventing salt return of soil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of vertical structures of soil bodies before and after construction, wherein A is improved planting soil, B is a high-density polyethylene geomembrane, C is a saline-alkali isolation layer, D is an intermediate soil layer, E is an aqueous layer, and F is an underground water layer;
FIG. 2 is a top view of each standard segment after greening construction of a planting area;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of each standard segment after greening construction of a planting area.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for improving coastal sticky saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: mixing the surface soil of the saline-alkali soil with a soil loosening agent, a soil improvement material, an organic material, vinegar residue and an organic silicon fertilizer to obtain improved planting soil.
In the present invention, the surface layer soil is preferably a soil having a vertical depth of 0.8 to 1.8m in a saline-alkali soil, more preferably a soil having a vertical depth of 1 to 1.5m in a saline-alkali soil, still more preferably a soil having a vertical depth of 1.2 to 1.3m in a saline-alkali soil.
In the invention, the soil loosening agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of lauryl alcohol ethoxy ammonium sulfate, 2-15 parts of polyacrylamide, 25-40 parts of organic matters, 10-30 parts of humic acid and 0.5-3.5 parts of water.
In the invention, the organic matter is fungus residue, decomposed cow dung or straw.
In the present invention, the amount of ammonium lauryl alcohol ethoxylate sulfate is preferably 25 to 30 parts, more preferably 27 to 28 parts.
In the present invention, the part of the polyacrylamide is preferably 5 to 10 parts, more preferably 12 to 13 parts.
In the present invention, the organic matter is preferably 30 to 35 parts, more preferably 32 to 33 parts.
In the present invention, the humic acid content is preferably 15 to 25 parts, more preferably 20 parts.
In the present invention, the water content is preferably 1 to 3 parts, more preferably 2 parts.
In the invention, the soil improvement material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of medical stone, 25-50 parts of vermiculite, 10-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 5-15 parts of glucose, 0.1-2.5 parts of nicotinic acid and 0.1-2.5 parts of serine.
In the present invention, the part of the medical stone is preferably 25 to 35 parts, more preferably 30 parts.
In the present invention, the amount of vermiculite is preferably 30 to 45 parts, more preferably 35 to 40 parts.
In the present invention, the amount of the desulfurization gypsum is preferably 15 to 20 parts, more preferably 17 to 18 parts.
In the present invention, the part of glucose is preferably 8 to 12 parts, more preferably 10 parts.
In the present invention, the part of nicotinic acid is preferably 0.5 to 2 parts, more preferably 1 to 1.5 parts.
In the present invention, the serine is preferably used in an amount of 0.5 to 2 parts, more preferably 1 to 1.5 parts.
In the invention, the organic material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of fungus dreg, 20-45 parts of decomposed cow dung and 5-20 parts of straw.
In the present invention, the amount of the bacterial residues is preferably 35 to 45 parts, more preferably 40 parts.
In the present invention, the amount of the decomposed cow dung is preferably 25 to 40 parts, more preferably 30 to 35 parts.
In the present invention, the parts of the straw are preferably 10 to 15 parts, more preferably 12 to 13 parts.
In the invention, the dosage of the soil loosening agent is preferably 0.5-2.0 kg/m 3 More preferably 1 to 1.5kg/m 3 Still more preferably 1.2 to 1.3kg/m 3 。
In the present invention, the amount of the soil improvement material is preferably 1.5 to 3.5kg/m 3 More preferably 2 to 3kg/m 3 Even more preferably 2.5kg/m 3 。
In the present invention, the amount of the organic material is preferably 5.0 to 35.0kg/m 3 More preferably 10 to 30kg/m 3 Even more preferably 20kg/m 3 。
In the invention, the vinegar residue is preferably used in an amount of 5.0-35.0 kg/m 3 More preferably 10 to 30kg/m 3 Even more preferably 20kg/m 3 。
In the invention, the dosage of the organic silicon fertilizer is preferably 0.2-0.8 kg/m 3 More preferably 0.4 to 0.6kg/m 3 Even more preferably 0.5kg/m 3 。
In the invention, the bottom of the improved planting soil is preferably provided with a 10-50 cm saline-alkali isolation layer.
In the present invention, the thickness of the saline-alkali separator is preferably 20 to 40cm, more preferably 30cm.
In the invention, the construction method of the saline-alkali isolation layer is preferably as follows: and spreading slaked lime after soil is ploughed, mixing soil, a soil curing agent and cement after 60-84 hours, compacting, and paving a high-density polyethylene geomembrane with the thickness of 0.3-1.5 mm.
In the present invention, the thickness of the high-density polyethylene geomembrane is preferably 0.5 to 1.0mm, and more preferably 0.7 to 0.8mm.
In the invention, the distance between the saline-alkali isolating layer and the upper surface of the groundwater is not less than 20cm.
In the invention, during tillage, particles such as gravels and the like with the particle size of more than or equal to 1.5cm, and sundries such as sticks, sharp objects, roots, grass and the like are removed, so that the mass of the particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 1.0cm accounts for less than or equal to 5% of the total mass.
In the present invention, the soil moisture content when the soil, the soil stabilizer and the cement are mixed is preferably 36 to 44%, more preferably 38 to 42%, still more preferably 40%.
In the present invention, the soil solidifying agent and the cement are preferably mixed with a road mixer at least twice.
In the invention, the high-density polyethylene geomembrane is welded by a high-density polyethylene geomembrane heat welding machine.
In the present invention, the mixing time is preferably 66 to 78 hours after the slaked lime is applied, and more preferably 72 hours after the slaked lime is applied.
In the present invention, the soil solidifying agent is preferably used in an amount of 0.2 to 0.8L/m 3 More preferably 0.4 to 0.6L/m 3 Even more preferably 0.5L/m 3 。
In the present invention, the amount of the slaked lime is preferably 2 to 8% by mass, more preferably 4 to 6% by mass, still more preferably 5% by mass, of the soil stabilizer.
In the present invention, the amount of the cement is preferably 2 to 8% by mass, more preferably 4 to 6% by mass, still more preferably 5% by mass, of the soil stabilizer.
In the invention, the soil salinity of 0-60cm depth in the saline-alkali soil is preferably more than 6 per mill by mass.
The invention also provides application of the improvement method in construction of saline-alkali soil ecological forests.
In the invention, the construction method of the saline-alkali soil ecological forest is preferably as follows: building a drainage channel which is communicated with the peripheral water system on the improved planting soil at intervals of 3-10 m, wherein the depth of the drainage channel is 0.8-1.2 m, the width of the top end of the drainage channel is 0.8-1.2 m, and the width of the bottom end of the drainage channel is 0.5-0.8 m; and building a water collecting station and a strong drainage station with side lengths of 1.0-3.0 m at the communication position of the drainage channel and the peripheral water system at intervals of 300-600 m.
In the present invention, the interval between the drainage channels is preferably 5 to 7m, and more preferably 6m.
In the present invention, the drain depth is preferably 0.9 to 1.1m, and more preferably 1m.
In the present invention, the drain tip width is preferably 0.9 to 1.1m, and more preferably 1m.
In the present invention, the width of the bottom end of the drainage channel is preferably 0.6-0.7 m.
In the present invention, the interval between the water collecting station and the forced-drainage station is preferably 400 to 500m, and more preferably 450m.
In the present invention, the side length of the water collecting station and the forced-drainage station is preferably 1.5-2.5 m, and more preferably 2m.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Raw material preparation:
soil loosening agent: 28 parts of lauryl alcohol ethoxy ammonium sulfate, 10 parts of polyacrylamide, 35 parts of organic matters, 25 parts of humic acid and 2 parts of humic acid;
soil improvement materials: 35 parts of medical stone, 30 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 11 parts of glucose, 2 parts of nicotinic acid and 2 parts of serine; the grain sizes of the medical stone, the vermiculite and the desulfurized gypsum are all 80 meshes;
organic material: 45 parts of fungus residues, 40 parts of decomposed cow dung and 15 parts of straw;
vinegar residue: residue left after vinegar is produced by Jiangsu Hengshun vinegar industry Co., ltd;
and (3) cement: PO425 Portland cement has an initial setting time of about 3.5 hours and a final setting time of about 8.5 hours.
Test site:
the experimental land is located in a new Xu Wei area of the southeast part of the urban area of the Lian Yungang of Jiangsu province, and the mass percentage of soil salt with the depth of 0-60cm in the area is 8 per mill. Before planting greening seedlings, the method is implemented according to the following steps:
s1: according to the actual condition of soil and the greening design requirement, dividing a factory area into a first area and a second area, digging out saline-alkali soil surface soil with the depth of 1.5m in the first area by using an excavator at the empty site of the second area;
s2: uniformly spraying water on the soil by using a pressure sprinkler to fully moisten the soil; then using a road mixer to respectively mix soil loosening agent, soil improvement material, organic material, vinegar residue, organic silicon fertilizer and other materials by 1.5kg/m 3 、2.5kg/m 3 、20kg/m 3 、20kg/m 3 And 0.5kg/m 3 Fully and uniformly mixing the soil with the surface soil of the first region in the step S1 to obtain improved planting soil;
s3: soil (C layer) with the depth of 20cm below the surface soil of a region is scarified by using an excavator, and particles such as gravels and the like with the particle size of more than or equal to 1.5cm and sundries such as sticks, sharps, roots and grass are removed, so that the mass of the particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 1.0cm accounts for less than or equal to 5% of the total mass. The maximum particle size of soil particles is less than or equal to 4.5mm;
s4: uniformly spreading and flattening the digested slaked lime with the particle size less than or equal to 1.0cm on the C layer of the finished S3, wherein the lime dosage is 3 percent (mass fraction) of the soil curing agent dosage; then, a plastic film is covered on the material, and the material is kept for 72 hours;
s5: uniformly spraying the liquid soil curing agent on the surface of the C layer after the S4 is finished by using a pressure water spraying vehicle, and then fully and uniformly mixing the soil curing agent and soil by using a road mixer, wherein the dosage of the soil curing agent is 0.3L/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The mixing times are 3 times, and the bottom of the mixing layer is not provided with a plain soil interlayer;
s6: uniformly spreading cement, uniformly spreading the cement on the surface of the C layer after S5, and fully and uniformly mixing the cement with soil by using a road mixer, wherein the dosage of the cement is 3 percent (mass fraction) of the dosage of the soil curing agent; the mixing times are 3 times, and the water content is 40.3% when the mixing process is finished; the color of the mixed stabilized soil is consistent, and no phenomena of ash strips, ash clusters and flower surfaces are generated;
s7: the C layer after S6 is rolled rapidly and repeatedly by using a road roller, so that the soil curing agent solution is fully mixed with the mixture of cement and soil, and then final adjustment, compaction and sealing are carried out by using a land leveling machine; the rolling process is not less than five times, and when the phenomena of 'spring', loosening, peeling and the like exist in the rolling process, the re-filling material should be turned over in time for mixing or other methods for treatment; the surface after rolling forming is flat and has no track;
s8: after rolling, paving a high-density polyethylene geomembrane (B layer) with the thickness of 0.45mm on the C layer with the thickness of S8, and welding by using a special heat welding machine, wherein the following steps are taken during construction: (1) laying along a certain direction, wherein the laying is smooth, the tightness is moderate, so as to adapt to a small amount of subsidence; (2) the geomembrane is reserved at the edge of about 10cm, the welding is performed by a special heat welding machine, and the geotextile is sewn by a bag sewing machine; (3) for the laid geomembrane, the edge joint is required to be incapable of containing oil, water, dust and the like so as not to influence the welding quality; (4) two single films at the joint are adjusted before welding, the lap joint width is 7cm, and the joint is flat and has no wrinkles;
s9: carrying the soil on the layer A after the completion of the step S2 back to the position above the layer C after the completion of the step S8, and carrying out greening construction on the soil on the layer A according to design requirements: in the planting area, building a drainage canal with the depth of 0.8m, the top width of 0.8m and the bottom width of 0.5m at each interval of 6m, and communicating with the surrounding water system; building a water collecting station and a strong drainage station with side lengths of 1.5m at the communication position of the drainage canal and a nearby water system at each interval of 420m so as to ensure that saline water or rising groundwater can be timely drained; the non-drainage canal area (ridge area) near the excavated earthwork pile pad is used for raising the ground to make micro-topography.
S10: after the first-area engineering is completed, the process is repeated to continuously complete the second-area engineering.
The distance between the lower surface of the solidified soil layer (layer C) and the highest water level of the underground water is 20cm, and the thickness of the middle layer soil layer (layer D) is 20cm.
Example 2
Raw material preparation:
30 parts of soil loosening agent lauryl alcohol ethoxy ammonium sulfate, 10 parts of polyacrylamide, 38 parts of organic matters, 21.5 parts of humic acid and 0.5 part of water;
soil improvement materials: 40 parts of medical stone, 30 parts of vermiculite, 15 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 8 parts of glucose, 1 part of nicotinic acid and 1 part of serine; the grain diameters of the medical stone particles, the vermiculite particles and the desulfurized gypsum are all 80 meshes;
organic material: 50 parts of fungus residues, 30 parts of decomposed cow dung and 20 parts of straw;
vinegar residue: residue left after vinegar is produced by Jiangsu Hengshun vinegar industry Co., ltd;
and (3) cement: PO425 Portland cement has an initial setting time of about 4.0 hours and a final setting time of about 10 hours.
Test site: the experimental land is located in a new area Xu Wei in the southeast part of the urban area of the Lian Yungang city of Jiangsu province. Before planting greening seedlings, the method is implemented according to the following steps:
s1: according to the actual condition of soil and the greening design requirement, dividing a factory area into a first area and a second area, digging out saline-alkali soil surface soil with the depth of 1.5m in the first area by using an excavator at the empty site of the second area;
s2: uniformly spraying water on the soil by using a pressure sprinkler to fully moisten the soil; then using a road mixer to respectively mix soil loosening agent, soil improvement material, organic material, vinegar residue, organic silicon fertilizer and other materials according to the proportion of 2.0kg/m 3 、3.0kg/m 3 、20kg/m 3 、15kg/m 3 And 0.6kg/m 3 Fully and uniformly mixing the soil with the surface soil of the first region in the step S1 to obtain improved planting soil;
s3: raking soil (C layer) with depth of 20cm below the surface soil of a region by using an excavator, removing particles such as gravels with particle size of more than or equal to 1.5cm, wood sticks, sharp objects, tree roots, grass and other impurities, so that the mass proportion of the particles with particle size of more than or equal to 1.0cm to the total mass is less than or equal to 5%, and the maximum particle size of soil particles is less than or equal to 4.5mm;
s4: uniformly spreading digested slaked lime with the particle size less than or equal to 1.0cm on the C layer which is flattened to finish S3, wherein the lime dosage is 4 percent (mass fraction) of the soil curing agent dosage, and then covering a plastic film on the lime, and keeping the lime for 72 hours;
s5: uniformly spraying the liquid soil curing agent on the surface of the C layer after the S4 is finished by using a pressure water spraying vehicle, and fully and uniformly mixing the soil curing agent and soil by using a road mixer, wherein the dosage of the soil curing agent is 0.4L/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The mixing times are 3 times, and the bottom of the mixing layer is not provided with a plain soil interlayer;
s6: uniformly spreading cement, uniformly spreading the cement on the surface of the C layer after S5, and fully and uniformly mixing the cement with soil by using a road mixer, wherein the dosage of the cement is 4 percent (mass fraction) of the dosage of the soil curing agent; the mixing times are 3 times, and the water content is 41.0% when the mixing process is finished; the color of the mixed stabilized soil is consistent, and no phenomena of ash strips, ash clusters and flower surfaces are generated;
s7: the C layer after S6 is rolled rapidly and repeatedly by using a road roller, so that the soil curing agent solution is fully mixed with the mixture of cement and soil, and then final adjustment, compaction and sealing are carried out by using a land leveling machine; the rolling process is not less than five times, and when the phenomena of 'spring', loosening, peeling and the like exist in the rolling process, the re-filling material should be turned over in time for mixing or other methods for treatment; the surface after rolling forming is flat and has no track;
s8: after rolling, paving a high-density polyethylene geomembrane (B layer) with the thickness of 0.60mm on the C layer with the thickness of S8, and welding by using a special heat welding machine, wherein the following steps are taken during construction: (1) laying along a certain direction, wherein the laying is smooth, the tightness is moderate, so as to adapt to a small amount of subsidence; (2) the geomembrane is reserved at the edge of about 10cm, the welding is performed by a special heat welding machine, and the geotextile is sewn by a bag sewing machine; (3) for the laid geomembrane, the edge joint is required to be incapable of containing oil, water, dust and the like so as not to influence the welding quality; (4) two single films at the joint are adjusted before welding, the lap joint width is 6cm, and the joint is flat and has no wrinkles;
s9: carrying the soil on the layer A after the completion of the step S2 back to the position above the layer C after the completion of the step S8, and carrying out greening construction on the soil on the layer A according to design requirements: in the planting area, building a drainage canal with a depth of 1.2m and a width of 0.8m at the top end and a width of 0.6m at the bottom end at each interval of 3m, and communicating with the surrounding water system; building a water collecting station and a strong drainage station with the side length of 1.5m at the communication position of the drainage canal and a nearby water system at each interval of 330m so as to ensure that saline water or rising groundwater can be timely drained; the non-drainage canal area (ridge area) near the excavated earthwork pile pad is used for raising the ground to make micro-topography.
S10: after the first-area engineering is completed, the process is repeated to continuously complete the second-area engineering.
The distance between the lower surface of the solidified soil layer (layer C) and the highest water level of the underground water (the upper surface of the layer E) is 20cm, namely the thickness of the middle layer soil layer (layer D) is 20cm.
Test examples
The arbor chinaberry is planted on the field ridges modified in the embodiment 2, and one tree is planted every 3m multiplied by 3m, namely, only one row of chinaberry is planted on each ridge, and the tree interval is 3m. After the chinaberry seedlings are planted, the root surface is covered by a grass mat for 4cm, so that the sufficient irrigation quantity is ensured, and for newly planted arbor seedlings, the seedlings are improved and repaired in time after sedimentation occurs in rainy seasons and after construction is completed. When transplanting seedlings: (1) the occurrence of damage is avoided; (2) maintaining a sufficient planting depth; (3) the occurrence of air leakage and air leakage caused by larger soil blocks is eliminated; (4) the root water of the seedling is well surrounded and compacted; (5) timely treating the plant diseases and insect pests of the seedlings; (6) planting matched salt-tolerant herbaceous plants in time to establish a benign micro-ecological system of the area; (7) if the seedlings are inclined, even lodging and loosening of the roots occur, the roots are straightened and compacted in time.
Using the above method, an in-field test was performed. At test area, 5 measuring points are randomly selected, and the conditions (average value) of the salt content and the pH of the soil before improvement are determined as follows: the salt content of the soil layer with the thickness of 0-20cm is 9.31g/kg, and the pH value is 8.03; salt content of 20-40cm soil layer is 11.66g/kg, pH is 8.24; the salt content of the soil layer with the thickness of 40-60cm is 16.72g/kg, and the pH value is 8.19. The salt content and the pH condition (average value) of the soil before and after improvement are measured to characterize the change condition of the salt content of the soil. After 21 days, 5 measuring points are randomly selected again, and then the improving effect of the method for planting arbor in the severe viscous saline-alkali soil improvement on the coastal saline-alkali soil is determined by the calculated average value.
TABLE 1
Analyzing the data of the table, wherein the salt content of soil in a test design area is obviously reduced, compared with the salt content of soil in original soil before improvement, the salt content of soil in soil layers of 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm before greening construction after improvement is respectively reduced by 42.5%, 43.9% and 44.8%, and the salt content of soil layers of 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm after planting the chinaberry tree is respectively reduced by 64.9%, 60.6% and 61.5%; meanwhile, compared with the soil pH of the original soil before improvement, the pH of soil layers of 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm before greening construction after improvement is respectively reduced by 3.61%, 1.94% and 0.85%, and the soil pH of soil layers of 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm on the ridge area after planting the chinaberry tree is respectively reduced by 3.86%, 2.55% and 0.98%, so that the effect of reducing the salt and the alkali by the method for improving the landscaping soil of coastal severe saline-alkali soil is quite remarkable as can be seen from comprehensive analysis. After planting the chinaberry seedlings for 6 months, the survival rate of the chinaberry reaches more than 90 percent.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for improving coastal sticky saline-alkali soil and application thereof, comprising the following steps: mixing the surface soil of the saline-alkali soil with a soil loosening agent, a soil improvement material, an organic material, vinegar residue and an organic silicon fertilizer to obtain improved planting soil. The method disclosed by the invention is beneficial to eliminating salt damage of soil hardening and underground water in severe saline-alkali soil, improving the soil aggregate structure, regulating balance of soil water, fertilizer, gas and heat, enhancing the permeability of soil, improving the nutrient retaining capacity of soil, promoting propagation and metabolism of beneficial microorganisms in soil, activating soil nutrients, enabling fertilizer efficiency to be higher, improving the salt resistance of plants, building good growth environment of plant roots, effectively reducing the salt content of soil, regulating the pH value of soil to be neutral, creating a good growth and development environment for plant growth, reducing capillary pore water absorption and preventing salt return of soil.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The improvement method of the coastal sticky saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing surface soil of the saline-alkali soil with a soil loosening agent, a soil improvement material, an organic material, vinegar residue and an organic silicon fertilizer to obtain improved planting soil;
the surface soil is soil with the vertical depth of 0.8-1.8 m of the saline-alkali soil;
the soil loosening agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of lauryl alcohol ethoxy ammonium sulfate, 2-15 parts of polyacrylamide, 25-40 parts of organic matters, 10-30 parts of humic acid and 0.5-3.5 parts of water;
the soil improvement material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of medical stone, 25-50 parts of vermiculite, 10-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 5-15 parts of glucose, 0.1-2.5 parts of nicotinic acid and 0.1-2.5 parts of serine;
the organic material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of fungus residues, 20-45 parts of decomposed cow dung and 5-20 parts of straw;
the dosage of the soil loosening agent is 0.5-2.0 kg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The dosage of the soil improvement material is 1.5-3.5 kg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The dosage of the organic material is 5.0-35.0 kg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The dosage of the vinegar residue is 5.0-35.0 kg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The dosage of the organic silicon fertilizer is 0.2-0.8 kg/m 3 ；
The bottom of the improved planting soil is provided with a 10-50 cm saline-alkali isolation layer;
the construction method of the saline-alkali isolating layer comprises the following steps: spreading slaked lime after soil is ploughed, mixing soil, a soil curing agent and cement after 60-84 hours, compacting, and paving a high-density polyethylene geomembrane with the thickness of 0.3-1.5 mm;
the dosage of the soil solidifying agent is 0.2-0.8L/m 3 The dosage of the slaked lime is 2-8% of the mass of the soil curing agent, and the dosage of the cement is 2-8% of the mass of the soil curing agent.
2. The improvement method of the coastal sticky saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of soil salt in the saline-alkali soil with the depth of 0-60cm is more than 6 per mill.
3. Use of the improvement method according to any one of claims 1-2 for constructing ecological forests in saline-alkali soil.
4. The application of claim 3, wherein the construction method of the saline-alkali soil ecological forest is as follows: building a drainage channel which is communicated with the peripheral water system on the improved planting soil at intervals of 3-10 m, wherein the depth of the drainage channel is 0.8-1.2 m, the width of the top end of the drainage channel is 0.8-1.2 m, and the width of the bottom end of the drainage channel is 0.5-0.8 m; and building a water collecting station and a strong drainage station with side lengths of 1.0-3.0 m at the communication position of the drainage channel and the peripheral water system at intervals of 300-600 m.
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