CN114467398A - Improvement method and application of coastal viscous saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Improvement method and application of coastal viscous saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN114467398A CN114467398A CN202111594140.2A CN202111594140A CN114467398A CN 114467398 A CN114467398 A CN 114467398A CN 202111594140 A CN202111594140 A CN 202111594140A CN 114467398 A CN114467398 A CN 114467398A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement. The invention provides an improvement method and application of a coastal viscous saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps: and mixing the surface soil of the saline-alkali soil with a soil loosening agent, a soil improvement material, an organic material, vinegar residue and an organic silicon fertilizer to obtain the improved planting soil. The method is beneficial to eliminating soil hardening and salt damage of underground water in saline-alkali soil, improving soil aggregate structure, adjusting balance of water, fertilizer, gas and heat of soil, enhancing soil permeability, improving soil nutrient-preserving capability, promoting propagation and metabolism of beneficial microorganisms in soil, activating soil nutrients, improving fertilizer efficiency, improving plant salt resistance, creating a good growth environment for plant root systems, effectively reducing soil salt content, adjusting the pH value of the soil to be converted to neutral, creating a good growth and development environment for plant growth, reducing capillary hole water absorption and preventing soil salt return.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to an improvement method and application of a coastal viscous saline-alkali soil.
Background
Soil is one of the basic elements constituting the environmental ecosystem and is a human beingRely on a material basis for survival. However, most of the land resources in the world are only general, poor or very poor, and 33% of the global soils are moderately or highly degraded by erosion, salinization, hardening, acidification, chemical pollution and nutrient consumption due to global climate change and increasing population pressure, thus hindering soil function and affecting food production. According to the statistics of grain and agriculture organization and textbook organization of the United nations, the number of the whole world exceeds 4.24 multiplied by 108hm2Topsoil of (2) and 8.33X 108hm2The bottom soil of the fertilizer belongs to saline-alkali soil and is widely distributed in more than 100 countries and regions. Thus, soil salination has become a worldwide resource and ecological problem.
The ecological forest construction is an important means for effectively transforming the environment and is an inevitable choice for constructing ecological gardens. If the salinization degree of the soil is serious, the normal absorption of the seedling root system to water and nutrition can be damaged, so that the water and the wood are withered and even die, and the development of the ecological forest construction is seriously hindered. Therefore, the improvement of severe saline-alkali soil is the key point and difficulty in the improvement of saline-alkali soil. Only by determining the greening thought of the saline-alkali soil, establishing a new technology and a new method and adopting effective comprehensive technical measures to carry out all-round and diversified improvement on the saline-alkali soil, the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort can be obtained, so that the construction of the saline-alkali soil ecological forest can be sustainably developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an improvement method and application of a coastal viscous saline-alkali soil, and the sustainable development of the saline-alkali soil is promoted.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an improvement method of a coastal viscous saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: and mixing the surface soil of the saline-alkali soil with a soil loosening agent, a soil improvement material, an organic material, vinegar residue and an organic silicon fertilizer to obtain the improved planting soil.
Preferably, the surface soil is the soil with the vertical depth of 0.8-1.8 m on the surface of the saline-alkali soil.
Preferably, the soil loosening agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of ammonium laureth sulfate, 2-15 parts of polyacrylamide, 25-40 parts of organic matters, 10-30 parts of humic acid and 0.5-3.5 parts of water;
the soil improvement material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of medical stone, 25-50 parts of vermiculite, 10-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 5-15 parts of glucose, 0.1-2.5 parts of nicotinic acid and 0.1-2.5 parts of serine;
the organic material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of mushroom dregs, 20-45 parts of decomposed cow dung and 5-20 parts of straws.
Preferably, the dosage of the soil loosening agent is 0.5-2.0 kg/m3(ii) a The dosage of the soil improvement material is 1.5-3.5 kg/m3(ii) a The dosage of the organic materials is 5.0-35.0 kg/m3(ii) a The amount of the vinegar residue is 5.0-35.0 kg/m3(ii) a The dosage of the organic silicon fertilizer is 0.2-0.8 kg/m3。
Preferably, a 10-50 cm saline-alkali isolation layer is constructed at the bottom of the improved planting soil.
Preferably, the method for constructing the saline-alkali isolation layer comprises the following steps: spreading slaked lime after the soil is ploughed, mixing the soil, a soil curing agent and cement after 60-84 hours, and paving a 0.3-1.5 mm high-density polyethylene geomembrane after compacting.
Preferably, the dosage of the soil curing agent is 0.2-0.8L/m3The amount of the slaked lime is 2-8% of the mass of the soil stabilizer, and the amount of the cement is 2-8% of the mass of the soil stabilizer.
Preferably, the soil salt content of the saline-alkali soil with the depth of 0-60cm is more than 6 per thousand by mass percent.
The invention also provides application of the improvement method in building the saline-alkali soil ecological forest.
Preferably, the method for constructing the ecological forest of the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps: constructing a drainage channel on the improved planting soil at intervals of 3-10 m to be communicated with a peripheral water system, wherein the depth of the drainage channel is 0.8-1.2 m, the width of the top end of the drainage channel is 0.8-1.2 m, and the width of the bottom end of the drainage channel is 0.5-0.8 m; and constructing a water collecting station and a forced drainage station with the side length of 1.0-3.0 m at the communication position of the drainage channel and the peripheral water system every 300-600 m.
The invention provides an improvement method and application of a coastal viscous saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps: and mixing the surface soil of the saline-alkali soil with a soil loosening agent, a soil improvement material, an organic material, vinegar residue and an organic silicon fertilizer to obtain the improved planting soil. The method provided by the invention is beneficial to eliminating soil hardening and salt damage of underground water in severe saline-alkali soil, improving soil aggregate structure, adjusting balance of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in soil, enhancing soil permeability, improving soil nutrient preserving capability, promoting propagation and metabolism of beneficial microorganisms in soil, activating soil nutrients, improving fertilizer efficiency, improving plant salt resistance, creating a good growth environment for plant root systems, effectively reducing soil salt content, adjusting soil pH value to be converted to neutral, creating a good growth and development environment for plant growth, reducing capillary hole water absorption and preventing soil salt return.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a vertical structure comparison of soil before and after construction, wherein A is improved planting soil, B is a high density polyethylene geomembrane, C is a saline-alkali isolation layer, D is an intermediate soil layer, E is an aquifer, and F is a groundwater layer;
FIG. 2 is a top view of each standard section after greening construction of a planting area;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of each standard section after greening construction of the planting area.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an improvement method of a coastal viscous saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: and mixing the surface soil of the saline-alkali soil with a soil loosening agent, a soil improvement material, an organic material, vinegar residue and an organic silicon fertilizer to obtain the improved planting soil.
In the invention, the surface soil is preferably soil with the vertical depth of 0.8-1.8 m of saline-alkali land surface, more preferably soil with the vertical depth of 1-1.5 m of saline-alkali land surface, and still more preferably soil with the vertical depth of 1.2-1.3 m of saline-alkali land surface.
In the invention, the soil loosening agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of ammonium laureth sulfate, 2-15 parts of polyacrylamide, 25-40 parts of organic matters, 10-30 parts of humic acid and 0.5-3.5 parts of water.
In the invention, the organic matter is mushroom dregs, decomposed cow dung or straws.
In the present invention, the ammonium laureth sulfate is preferably 25 to 30 parts, and more preferably 27 to 28 parts.
In the present invention, the polyacrylamide is preferably 5 to 10 parts, and more preferably 12 to 13 parts.
In the present invention, the organic matter is preferably 30 to 35 parts, and more preferably 32 to 33 parts.
In the present invention, the humic acid is preferably 15 to 25 parts, and more preferably 20 parts.
In the present invention, the water is preferably 1 to 3 parts, and more preferably 2 parts.
In the invention, the soil improvement material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of medical stone, 25-50 parts of vermiculite, 10-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 5-15 parts of glucose, 0.1-2.5 parts of nicotinic acid and 0.1-2.5 parts of serine.
In the invention, the medical stone is preferably 25-35 parts, and more preferably 30 parts.
In the present invention, the vermiculite is preferably 30 to 45 parts, and more preferably 35 to 40 parts.
In the invention, the preferable part of the desulfurized gypsum is 15 to 20 parts, and the more preferable part is 17 to 18 parts.
In the present invention, the glucose is preferably 8 to 12 parts, and more preferably 10 parts.
In the present invention, the nicotinic acid is preferably used in an amount of 0.5 to 2 parts, more preferably 1 to 1.5 parts.
In the present invention, the serine is preferably used in an amount of 0.5 to 2 parts, more preferably 1 to 1.5 parts.
In the invention, the organic material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of mushroom dregs, 20-45 parts of decomposed cow dung and 5-20 parts of straws.
In the invention, the mushroom dregs are preferably 35-45 parts, and more preferably 40 parts.
In the invention, the decomposed cow dung is preferably 25-40 parts, and more preferably 30-35 parts.
In the invention, the preferable part of the straw is 10-15 parts, and the further preferable part is 12-13 parts.
In the invention, the dosage of the soil loosening agent is preferably 0.5-2.0 kg/m3More preferably 1 to 1.5kg/m3More preferably 1.2 to 1.3kg/m3。
In the invention, the dosage of the soil improvement material is preferably 1.5-3.5 kg/m3More preferably 2 to 3kg/m3Still more preferably 2.5kg/m3。
In the invention, the dosage of the organic material is preferably 5.0-35.0 kg/m3More preferably 10 to 30kg/m3Still more preferably 20kg/m3。
In the invention, the preferable dosage of the vinegar residue is 5.0-35.0 kg/m3More preferably 10 to 30kg/m3Still more preferably 20kg/m3。
In the invention, the dosage of the organic silicon fertilizer is preferably 0.2-0.8 kg/m3More preferably 0.4 to 0.6kg/m3Still more preferably 0.5kg/m3。
In the invention, a 10-50 cm saline-alkali isolation layer is preferably constructed at the bottom of the improved planting soil.
In the invention, the thickness of the saline-alkali isolation layer is preferably 20-40cm, and more preferably 30 cm.
In the invention, the method for constructing the saline-alkali isolation layer is preferably as follows: spreading slaked lime after the soil is ploughed, mixing the soil, a soil curing agent and cement after 60-84 hours, and paving a 0.3-1.5 mm high-density polyethylene geomembrane after compacting.
In the invention, the thickness of the high-density polyethylene geomembrane is preferably 0.5-1.0 mm, and more preferably 0.7-0.8 mm.
In the invention, the distance between the saline-alkali isolation layer and the upper surface of the underground water is not less than 20 cm.
In the invention, when ploughing, particles such as gravel with the particle size of more than or equal to 1.5cm and sundries such as wood sticks, sharp objects, tree roots, grass and the like are removed, so that the mass proportion of the particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 1.0cm in the total mass is less than or equal to 5%.
In the present invention, the water content of the soil when the soil, the soil stabilizer and the cement are mixed is preferably 36 to 44%, more preferably 38 to 42%, and still more preferably 40%.
In the present invention, the soil stabilizer and the cement are preferably mixed not less than twice with a road mixer.
In the invention, the high-density polyethylene geomembrane is welded by a high-density polyethylene geomembrane hot welding machine.
In the present invention, the mixing time is preferably 66 to 78 hours after spreading the slaked lime, and more preferably 72 hours after spreading the slaked lime.
In the invention, the dosage of the soil curing agent is preferably 0.2-0.8L/m3More preferably 0.4 to 0.6L/m3Still more preferably 0.5L/m3。
In the invention, the amount of the slaked lime is preferably 2 to 8% by mass, more preferably 4 to 6% by mass, and even more preferably 5% by mass of the soil stabilizer.
In the present invention, the amount of the cement used is preferably 2 to 8% by mass, more preferably 4 to 6% by mass, and even more preferably 5% by mass of the soil stabilizer.
In the invention, the mass percentage of the soil salt with the depth of 0-60cm in the saline-alkali soil is preferably more than 6 per mill.
The invention also provides application of the improvement method in building the saline-alkali soil ecological forest.
In the invention, the method for constructing the ecological forest of the saline-alkali soil is preferably as follows: constructing a drainage channel on the improved planting soil at intervals of 3-10 m to be communicated with a peripheral water system, wherein the depth of the drainage channel is 0.8-1.2 m, the width of the top end of the drainage channel is 0.8-1.2 m, and the width of the bottom end of the drainage channel is 0.5-0.8 m; and constructing a water collecting station and a forced drainage station with the side length of 1.0-3.0 m at the communication position of the drainage channel and the peripheral water system every 300-600 m.
In the present invention, the interval between the drainage channels is preferably 5 to 7m, and more preferably 6 m.
In the present invention, the depth of the drainage channel is preferably 0.9 to 1.1m, and more preferably 1 m.
In the present invention, the width of the top end of the drainage channel is preferably 0.9 to 1.1m, and more preferably 1 m.
In the invention, the width of the bottom end of the drainage channel is preferably 0.6-0.7 m.
In the invention, the interval between the water collecting station and the forced drainage station is preferably 400-500 m, and more preferably 450 m.
In the invention, the side length of the water collecting station and the forced discharging station is preferably 1.5-2.5 m, and more preferably 2 m.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparing raw materials:
soil loosening agent: 28 parts of ammonium laureth sulfate, 10 parts of polyacrylamide, 35 parts of organic matters, 25 parts of humic acid and 2 parts of humic acid;
soil improvement materials: 35 parts of medical stone, 30 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 11 parts of glucose, 2 parts of nicotinic acid and 2 parts of serine; the grain diameters of the medical stone, the vermiculite and the desulfurized gypsum are all 80 meshes;
organic materials: 45 parts of mushroom dregs, 40 parts of decomposed cow dung and 15 parts of straws;
vinegar residue: residues left after vinegar is manufactured by Jiangsu Hengshun Vinegar industry GmbH;
cement: the initial setting time of the PO425 ordinary portland cement is about 3.5 hours, and the final setting time is about 8.5 hours.
Test field:
the test site is located in a new region of the xu-south urban area of the Hongkong city of Liyuanchong province of Jiangsu province, and the soil with the depth of 0-60cm in the region has the salt content of 8 per mill by mass percent. Before planting green seedlings, the method is implemented according to the following steps:
s1: according to the actual condition of soil and the greening design requirement, a plant area is averagely divided into a first area and a second area, wherein the first area uses an excavator to dig out saline-alkali surface soil with the depth of 1.5m from the open space of the second area;
s2: uniformly spraying water on the soil by using a pressure sprinkler to fully wet the soil; then using a road mixer to mix the materials of the soil loosening agent, the soil improvement material, the organic material, the vinegar residue, the organic silicon fertilizer and the like with 1.5kg/m respectively3、2.5kg/m3、20kg/m3、20kg/m3And 0.5kg/m3The ratio of the soil to the surface layer soil of the first area of S1 is fully and uniformly mixed to obtain improved planting soil;
s3: soil (C layer) with the depth of 20cm below the surface layer soil of the first zone is harrowed by using an excavator, and particles such as gravel with the particle size of more than or equal to 1.5cm and sundries such as wood sticks, sharp objects, tree roots and grass are removed, so that the mass proportion of the particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 1.0cm in the total mass is less than or equal to 5%. The maximum particle size of soil particles is less than or equal to 4.5 mm;
s4: uniformly spreading slaked lime with the particle size of less than or equal to 1.0cm on the C layer completing the S3, wherein the using amount of lime is 3 percent (mass fraction) of the using amount of the soil stabilizer; then covering a plastic film on the plastic film, and keeping the blank for 72 hours;
s5: uniformly spreading the liquid soil curing agent on the surface of the C layer after S4 by using a pressure sprinkler, and then fully and uniformly mixing the soil curing agent and the soil by using a road mixer or by using a soil curing agent and the soil, wherein the dosage of the soil curing agent is 0.3L/m3(ii) a The mixing times are 3 times, and no plain soil interlayer is arranged at the bottom of the mixing layer;
s6: uniformly spreading cement, uniformly spreading the cement on the surface of the C layer subjected to S5 by using a scraper, and fully and uniformly mixing the cement and soil by using a road mixer, wherein the using amount of the cement is 3% (mass fraction) of the using amount of a soil curing agent; the mixing frequency is 3 times, and the water content is 40.3 percent when the mixing process is finished; the blended stabilized soil has consistent color and no phenomena of gray strips, gray lumps and flower surfaces;
s7: rapidly and repeatedly rolling the layer C which finishes the step S6 by using a road roller to fully mix the soil curing agent solution with the mixture of cement and soil, and then finally adjusting, compacting and sealing by using a land leveling machine; the rolling process is not less than five times, and when the phenomena of 'spring', looseness, peeling and the like exist in the rolling process, the rolling process needs to be opened in time to re-fill the filler for mixing or other methods for treatment; the surface after rolling and forming is smooth and has no wheel mark;
s8: after the rolling, a high density polyethylene geomembrane (layer B) with a thickness of 0.45mm is laid on the layer C completing S8, and welding is performed by using a special hot welding machine, and it should be noted that: firstly, paving along a certain direction, wherein the paving is smooth and the tightness is proper so as to adapt to a small amount of subsidence; reserving edges of about 10cm for the geomembrane, welding by using a special hot welding machine, and sewing the geotextile by using a bag sewing machine; thirdly, the edge joint of the laid geomembrane is required to be free of oil, water, dust and the like so as to avoid influencing the welding quality; adjusting two single films at the joint before welding, wherein the lap joint width is 7cm, and the two single films are flat and have no wrinkles;
s9: and (3) carrying the A-layer soil which is finished with the S2 back to the position above the C-layer which is finished with the S8, and then carrying out greening construction on the A-layer soil according to design requirements: in the planting area, a drainage channel is built at intervals of 6m, the depth of the drainage channel is 0.8m, the width of the top end of the drainage channel is 0.8m, the width of the bottom end of the drainage channel is 0.5m, and the drainage channel is communicated with a peripheral water system; constructing a water collecting station and a forced drainage station with the side length of 1.5m at the communication part of the drainage channel and the adjacent water system at intervals of 420m so as to ensure that the drenched salt water or the rising underground water can be drained in time; the non-drainage channel area (ridge area) near the excavated square mound is used to raise up the micro-terrain.
S10: and after the first-zone project is finished, repeating the process to continuously finish the second-zone project.
The distance between the lower surface of the solidified soil layer (layer C) and the highest water level position of underground water is 20cm, and the thickness of the middle layer soil layer (layer D) is 20 cm.
Example 2
Preparing raw materials:
30 parts of lauryl alcohol ethoxy ammonium sulfate serving as a soil loosening agent, 10 parts of polyacrylamide, 38 parts of organic matters, 21.5 parts of humic acid and 0.5 part of water;
soil improvement materials: 40 parts of medical stone, 30 parts of vermiculite, 15 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 8 parts of glucose, 1 part of nicotinic acid and 1 part of serine; the particle diameters of the medical stone particles, the vermiculite particles and the desulfurized gypsum are all 80 meshes;
organic materials: 50 parts of mushroom dregs, 30 parts of decomposed cow dung and 20 parts of straws;
vinegar residue: residues left after vinegar is manufactured by Jiangsu Hengshun Vinegar industry GmbH;
cement: the initial setting time of the PO425 ordinary portland cement is about 4.0 hours, and the final setting time is about 10 hours.
Test field: the test site was located in the new zone of xu-nan in the urban area of hong Kong, Jiangsu province. Before planting green seedlings, the method is implemented according to the following steps:
s1: according to the actual condition of soil and the greening design requirement, a plant area is averagely divided into a first area and a second area, wherein the first area uses an excavator to dig out saline-alkali surface soil with the depth of 1.5m from the open space of the second area;
s2: uniformly spraying water on the soil by using a pressure sprinkler to fully wet the soil; then using a road mixer to respectively mix the soil loosening agent, the soil improvement material, the organic material, the vinegar residue, the organic silicon fertilizer and other materials by 2.0kg/m3、3.0kg/m3、20kg/m3、15kg/m3And 0.6kg/m3The ratio of the soil to the surface layer soil of the first area of S1 is fully and uniformly mixed to obtain improved planting soil;
s3: raking soil (C layer) with the depth of 20cm below surface layer soil of a first area by using an excavator, and removing particles such as gravel with the particle size of more than or equal to 1.5cm and sundries such as wood sticks, sharp objects, tree roots and grass, so that the mass proportion of the particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 1.0cm in the total mass is less than or equal to 5%, and the maximum particle size of soil particles is less than or equal to 4.5 mm;
s4: uniformly spreading slaked lime hydrate with the particle size of less than or equal to 1.0cm on the C layer which is flattened on the layer S3, wherein the lime consumption is 4 percent (mass fraction) of the soil curing agent consumption, then covering a plastic film on the lime hydrate, and keeping the material blank for 72 hours;
s5: uniformly spreading the liquid soil curing agent on the surface of the C layer after S4 by using a pressure sprinkler, and then fully and uniformly mixing the soil curing agent and the soil by using a road mixer, wherein the dosage of the soil curing agent is 0.4L/m3(ii) a The mixing times are 3 times, and no plain soil interlayer is arranged at the bottom of the mixing layer;
s6: uniformly spreading cement, uniformly spreading the cement on the surface of the C layer subjected to S5 by using a scraper, and fully and uniformly mixing the cement and soil by using a road mixer, wherein the using amount of the cement is 4% (mass fraction) of the using amount of a soil curing agent; the mixing frequency is 3 times, and the water content is 41.0 percent when the mixing process is finished; the blended stabilized soil has consistent color and no phenomena of gray strips, gray lumps and flower surfaces;
s7: rapidly and repeatedly rolling the layer C which finishes the step S6 by using a road roller to fully mix the soil curing agent solution with the mixture of cement and soil, and then finally adjusting, compacting and sealing by using a land leveling machine; the rolling process is not less than five times, and when the phenomena of 'spring', looseness, peeling and the like exist in the rolling process, the rolling process needs to be opened in time to re-fill the filler for mixing or other methods for treatment; the surface after rolling and forming is smooth and has no wheel mark;
s8: after the rolling, a high density polyethylene geomembrane (layer B) with a thickness of 0.60mm is laid on the layer C completing S8, and welding is performed using a special hot welding machine, and it should be noted that: firstly, paving along a certain direction, wherein the paving is smooth and the tightness is proper so as to adapt to a small amount of subsidence; reserving edges of about 10cm for the geomembrane, welding by using a special hot welding machine, and sewing the geotextile by using a bag sewing machine; thirdly, the edge joint of the laid geomembrane is required to be free of oil, water, dust and the like so as to avoid influencing the welding quality; adjusting two single films at the joint before welding, wherein the lap joint width is 6cm, and the two single films are flat and have no wrinkles;
s9: and (3) carrying the A-layer soil which is finished with the S2 back to the position above the C-layer which is finished with the S8, and then carrying out greening construction on the A-layer soil according to design requirements: in the planting area, a drainage channel is built at intervals of 3m, the depth of the drainage channel is 1.2m, the width of the top end of the drainage channel is 0.8m, the width of the bottom end of the drainage channel is 0.6m, and the drainage channel is communicated with a peripheral water system; every 330m, a water collecting station and a forced drainage station with the side length of 1.5m are built at the communication part of the drainage channel and the nearby water system so as to ensure that the sprayed salt water or the rising underground water can be drained in time; the non-drainage channel area (ridge area) near the excavated square mound is used to raise up the micro-terrain.
S10: and after the first-zone project is finished, repeating the process to continuously finish the second-zone project.
The distance between the lower surface of the solidified soil layer (layer C) and the highest water level position of the underground water (the upper surface of the layer E) is 20cm, namely the thickness of the middle soil layer (layer D) is 20 cm.
Test examples
The arbor chinaberry is planted on the ridge transformed in the example 2, and one chinaberry is planted every 3m multiplied by 3m, namely, only one row of chinaberry trees are planted on each ridge, and the tree interval is 3 m. After the chinaberry seedlings are planted, the ground surface of roots is covered by 4cm through a straw mat, sufficient irrigation quantity is guaranteed, and newly planted arbor seedlings need to be improved and repaired in time after settlement occurs in rainy seasons and after construction is completed. When the nursery stock is transplanted: firstly, the damage condition is avoided; maintaining sufficient planting depth; thirdly, eliminating the occurrence of air leakage, air leakage and water leakage caused by large soil blocks; fourthly, the root of the seedling is beaten in water and compacted; fifthly, the pest and disease damage condition of the nursery stock is timely treated; sixthly, planting matched salt-tolerant herbaceous plants in time to establish a benign micro-ecological system of the region; and seventhly, if the seedlings incline or even fall down and the root is loosened, the root is timely straightened and compacted.
The above-described method was used to perform a field test. Randomly selecting 5 measuring points in the test area, and determining the salt content and pH condition (mean value) of the soil before improvement as follows: the salt content of a 0-20cm soil layer is 9.31g/kg, and the pH value is 8.03; the salt content of a soil layer of 20-40cm is 11.66g/kg, and the pH value is 8.24; the salt content of a 40-60cm soil layer is 16.72g/kg, and the pH value is 8.19. The change of the soil salinity is characterized by measuring the salinity and the pH condition (mean value) of the soil before and after improvement. After 21 days, randomly selecting 5 measuring points again, and determining the improvement effect of the method for improving and planting trees in the severe viscous saline-alkali soil on the coastal saline-alkali soil according to the average value.
TABLE 1
Analyzing the data in the table, the soil salinity of the test design area is remarkably reduced, compared with the soil salinity of the original soil before improvement, the soil salinity of the soil layers of 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm before greening construction after improvement is respectively reduced by 42.5%, 43.9% and 44.8%, and the soil salinity of the soil layers of 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm on the ridge after the chinaberry tree is planted is respectively reduced by 64.9%, 60.6% and 61.5%; meanwhile, compared with the soil pH of the original soil before improvement, the soil pH of the soil layers of 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm before greening construction after improvement is respectively reduced by 3.61%, 1.94% and 0.85%, and the soil pH of the soil layers of 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm in the upper ridge area after the chinaberry tree is planted is respectively reduced by 3.86%, 2.55% and 0.98%. After 6 months of planting the chinaberry seedlings, the survival rate of the chinaberry seedlings reaches over 90 percent.
The embodiment shows that the invention provides an improvement method and application of the coastal viscous saline-alkali soil, and the improvement method comprises the following steps: and mixing the surface soil of the saline-alkali soil with a soil loosening agent, a soil improvement material, an organic material, vinegar residue and an organic silicon fertilizer to obtain the improved planting soil. The method provided by the invention is beneficial to eliminating soil hardening and salt damage of underground water in severe saline-alkali soil, improving the soil aggregate structure, adjusting the balance of water, fertilizer, gas and heat of soil, enhancing the soil permeability, improving the soil nutrient-preserving capability, promoting the propagation and metabolism of beneficial microorganisms in soil, activating soil nutrients, improving the fertilizer efficiency, improving the salt resistance of plants, creating a good growth environment for plant roots, effectively reducing the salt content in soil, adjusting the pH value of the soil to be converted to neutral, creating a good growth and development environment for plant growth, reducing capillary water absorption and preventing soil salt return.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving a coastal viscous saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: and mixing the surface soil of the saline-alkali soil with a soil loosening agent, a soil improvement material, an organic material, vinegar residue and an organic silicon fertilizer to obtain the improved planting soil.
2. The method for improving the coastal viscous saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the surface soil is a soil with a vertical depth of 0.8-1.8 m.
3. The improvement method of the coastal viscous saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 2, wherein the soil loosening agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of ammonium laureth sulfate, 2-15 parts of polyacrylamide, 25-40 parts of organic matters, 10-30 parts of humic acid and 0.5-3.5 parts of water;
the soil improvement material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of medical stone, 25-50 parts of vermiculite, 10-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 5-15 parts of glucose, 0.1-2.5 parts of nicotinic acid and 0.1-2.5 parts of serine;
the organic material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of mushroom dregs, 20-45 parts of decomposed cow dung and 5-20 parts of straws.
4. The method for improving the coastal viscous saline-alkali soil according to claim 3, wherein the soil loosening agent is used in an amount of 0.5 to 2.0kg/m3(ii) a The dosage of the soil improvement material is 1.5-3.5 kg/m3(ii) a The dosage of the organic materials is 5.0-35.0 kg/m3(ii) a The amount of the vinegar residue is 5.0-35.0 kg/m3(ii) a The dosage of the organic silicon fertilizer is 0.2-0.8 kg/m3。
5. The method for improving the coastal viscous saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 4, wherein a saline-alkali isolation layer with the thickness of 10-50 cm is constructed at the bottom of the improved planting soil.
6. The method for improving the coastal viscous saline-alkali soil according to claim 5, wherein the saline-alkali isolation layer is constructed by the following steps: spreading slaked lime after the soil is ploughed, mixing the soil, a soil curing agent and cement after 60-84 hours, and paving a 0.3-1.5 mm high-density polyethylene geomembrane after compacting.
7. The method for improving the coastal viscous saline-alkali soil according to claim 6, wherein the amount of the soil stabilizer is 0.2-0.8L/m3The amount of the slaked lime is 2-8% of the mass of the soil stabilizer, and the amount of the cement is 2-8% of the mass of the soil stabilizer.
8. The improvement method for the coastal viscous saline-alkali soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the soil salt content of 0-60cm deep in the saline-alkali soil is more than 6 per thousand by mass.
9. Use of the improvement method of any one of claims 1 to 8 in the construction of ecological forests in saline and alkaline land.
10. The application of claim 9, wherein the method for constructing the ecological forest in the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps: constructing a drainage channel on the improved planting soil at intervals of 3-10 m to be communicated with a peripheral water system, wherein the depth of the drainage channel is 0.8-1.2 m, the width of the top end of the drainage channel is 0.8-1.2 m, and the width of the bottom end of the drainage channel is 0.5-0.8 m; and constructing a water collecting station and a forced drainage station with the side length of 1.0-3.0 m at the communication position of the drainage channel and the peripheral water system every 300-600 m.
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